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Jin L, Richardson A, Lynch J, Lorkiewicz P, Srivastava S, Fryar L, Miller A, Theis W, Shirk G, Bhatnagar A, Srivastava S, Riggs DW, Conklin DJ. Formaldehyde and the transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 contribute to electronic cigarette aerosol-induced endothelial dysfunction in mice. Toxicol Sci 2024; 201:331-347. [PMID: 39067042 PMCID: PMC11424888 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) aerosol exposures can induce endothelial dysfunction (ED) in healthy young humans and animals. Thermal degradation of ENDS solvents, propylene glycol, and vegetable glycerin (PG: VG), generates abundant formaldehyde (FA) and other carbonyls. Because FA can activate the transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) sensor, we hypothesized that FA in ENDS aerosols provokes TRPA1-mediated changes that include ED and "respiratory braking"-biomarkers of harm. To test this, wild-type (WT) and TRPA1-null mice were exposed by inhalation to either filtered air, PG: VG-derived aerosol, or FA (5 ppm). Short-term exposures to PG: VG and FA-induced ED in female WT but not in female TRPA1-null mice. Moreover, acute exposures to PG: VG and FA stimulated respiratory braking in WT but not in TRPA1-null female mice. Urinary metabolites of FA (ie, N-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, TCA; N-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carbonyl glycine, TCG) and monoamines were measured by LC-MS/MS. PG: VG and FA exposures significantly increased urinary excretion of both TCA and TCG in both WT and TRPA1-null mice. To confirm that inhaled FA directly contributed to urinary TCA, mice were exposed to isotopic 13C-FA gas (1 ppm, 6 h). 13C-FA exposure significantly increased the urine level of 13C-TCA in the early collection (0 to 3 h) supporting a direct relationship between inhaled FA and TCA. Collectively, these data suggest that ENDS use may increase CVD risk dependent on FA, TRPA1, and catecholamines, yet independently of either nicotine or flavorants. This study supports that levels of FA in ENDS-derived aerosols should be lowered to mitigate CVD risk in people who use ENDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexiao Jin
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Andre Richardson
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Jordan Lynch
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Pawel Lorkiewicz
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Shweta Srivastava
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Laura Fryar
- School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Alexis Miller
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Whitney Theis
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Gregg Shirk
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Daniel W Riggs
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
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Poudel R, Li S, Hong H, Zhao J, Srivastava S, Robertson RM, Hall JL, Srivastava S, Hamburg NM, Bhatnagar A, Keith RJ. Catecholamine levels with use of electronic and combustible cigarettes. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-144. [PMID: 39144677 PMCID: PMC11320712 DOI: 10.18332/tid/190687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking elevates catecholamines that increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. Sparse evidence exists about the effects of e-cigarettes and catecholamines. Higher levels of catecholamines could trigger the increased heart rate, blood pressure, and decreased vascular function reported with the use of e-cigarettes. We investigated the difference in urinary catecholamines and their metabolites before and after the use of an e-cigarette containing nicotine or cigarettes compared to no tobacco use. METHODS In our observational cohort exposure study, healthy adults aged 21-45 years who were currently using e-cigarettes, cigarettes, or had never used tobacco, participated in an acute exposure visit using their most common tobacco product. Urine was collected before, 1, and 2 hours after a 3-second puff every 30 seconds for 10 minutes on an e-cigarette or straw or use of 1 cigarette. Urinary catecholamines and their metabolites were measured by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography. Participants (n=323) were grouped by the product used at the visit. We compared levels of creatinine normalized log-transformed urinary catecholamines and their metabolites across groups using Dunn's test following a Kruskal-Wallis test in unadjusted and demographically adjusted models. RESULTS Prior to use, individuals who used cigarettes (n=70) had lower urinary metabolites from epinephrine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. No differences were seen in those who used e-cigarettes (n=171) and those who did not use tobacco (n=82). In fully adjusted models, 1 h after the use of a combustible or e-cigarette, log-transformed urinary metabolites from norepinephrine (β=1.22; 95% CI: 0.39-2.05, p=0.004 and β=1.06; 95% CI: 0.39-1.74, p=0.002), dopamine (β=0.37; 95% CI: 0.24-0.5, p<0.001 and β=0.15; 95% CI: 0.05-0.26, p<0.001), and epinephrine (β=1.89; 95% CI: 0.51-3.27, p=0.008 and β=1.49; 95% CI: 0.38-2.61, p=0.009) were elevated. In fully adjusted models, combustible cigarette use was associated with elevated urinary norepinephrine (β=0.46; 95% CI: 0.13-0.81, p=0.007) and dopamine (β=0.19; 95% CI: 0.06-0.31, p=0.003) 1 h after use. CONCLUSIONS We found that the use of both e-cigarettes and cigarettes was associated with elevated urinary catecholamines or their metabolites. Catecholamines could be useful as a biomarker of harm for tobacco use and considered by tobacco regulatory scientists in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Poudel
- American Heart Association, Dallas, United States
| | - Shen Li
- American Heart Association, Dallas, United States
| | - Haoyun Hong
- American Heart Association, Dallas, United States
| | - Juan Zhao
- American Heart Association, Dallas, United States
| | - Shweta Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States
| | | | | | - Sanjay Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States
| | - Naomi M. Hamburg
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, United States
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Department of Medicine, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States
| | - Rachel J. Keith
- Department of Medicine, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States
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Rosato C, Greco M, Marciante G, Lazzari RA, Indino F, Lobreglio G. Comparison Between Twenty-Four-Hour Collection and Single Spot Urines for the Detection of Biogenic Amines by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Clin Med Res 2024; 16:293-301. [PMID: 39027813 PMCID: PMC11254308 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr5070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGL) are neuroendocrine tumors that originate from adrenal medulla or extra-adrenal chromaffin cells, respectively. They produce an excess of catecholamines and their metabolites. Abnormal levels of these biomolecules have been also found in pediatric patients with neuroblastoma (NB). Due to the diurnal fluctuation, the laboratory practice recommends the determination of biogenic amines in acidified 24-h urine samples. However, the collection and acidification of specimens cannot be performed easily, especially for children. Spot urines represent an attractive alternative for the detection of catecholamines and corresponding metabolites. Methods In our study, we enrolled 50 patients with symptoms related to PPGL and we determined the concentration values for both spot and 24-h urine samples using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS-MS). Since day variations of the urinary concentration are due to fluctuations in renal excretion rather than in production, we normalized the concentration of biogenic amines in spot urine and in 24-h urine collection to urinary creatinine concentration. A correlation study between the normalized levels of biogenic amines was performed using a linear regression analysis model and Pearson's correlation coefficients. Results We obtained a good correlation of values which suggests an interchangeability of the 24-h and random urine samples. Only for epinephrine a weak correlation was determined. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the sample collection as single spot urine may replace 24-h collection for the detection of urinary biogenic amines by HPLC/MS-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Rosato
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, “Vito Fazzi” Hospital, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Marilena Greco
- Clinical Pathology Unit, “Sacro Cuore di Gesu” Hospital, Gallipoli 73014, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marciante
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari 70121, Italy
| | | | - Floriano Indino
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, “Vito Fazzi” Hospital, Lecce 73100, Italy
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Hart JL, Shuck B, Owen J, Walker KL, Keith RJ. Biological Sex as a Moderator of Work Determinants of Health: Implications for Work and Stress. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:135. [PMID: 38255024 PMCID: PMC10815146 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined whether biological sex moderates the relationship between experiences of workplace culture and urinary levels of catecholamines and their metabolites. We conducted a series of regression analyses (predictors: 3-methoxytyramine (3MT), 5-hydroxyindolacetic (5HIAA), and dopamine (DA); outcomes: employee engagement and workplace culture) in a sample of 218 participants. Compared to men, women rated workplace culture less positively (r = -0.210; p < 0.01) and had stronger positive associations with 3MT (r = 0.328; p < 0.001), DA (r = 0.376; p < 0.001), and 5HIAA (r = 0.168; p < 0.01). There was a significant moderation effect between 3MT and sex on employee engagement (b = -1.76 (SE = 0.84); p < 0.01), and 3MT had a positive significant association for men with engagement (p < 0.05); however, there was no significant association for women. Findings suggest that for women, less positive experiences with workplace culture could elevate 3MT, stimulating sympathetic nervous tone and potentially amplifying risks for negative health outcomes. Conversely, men who reported higher employee engagement had higher levels of 3MT, suggesting possible health risks associated with high levels of engagement, rather than lack of engagement. Overall, study findings suggested differential health risks based on biological sex, potentially impacting health risk policy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy L. Hart
- Department of Communication, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA;
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Brad Shuck
- Department of Educational Leadership, Evaluation, and Organizational Development, College of Education and Human Development, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA;
| | - Jesse Owen
- Department of Counseling Psychology, Morgridge College of Education, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA;
| | - Kandi L. Walker
- Department of Communication, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA;
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Rachel J. Keith
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Wang Y, Zheng R, Wu P, Wu Y, Huang L, Huang L. Determination of Multiple Neurotransmitters through LC-MS/MS to Confirm the Therapeutic Effects of Althaea rosea Flower on TTX-Intoxicated Rats. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104158. [PMID: 37241898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) inhibits neurotransmission in animals, and there is no specific antidote. In clinical practice in China, Althaea rosea (A. rosea flower) extract has been used to treat TTX poisoning. In this work, the efficacy of the ethyl acetate fraction extract of A. rosea flower in treating TTX poisoning in rats was investigated. A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to determine nine neurotransmitters in rat brain tissue, including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), noradrenaline (NE), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), epinephrine (E), and tyramine (Tyn). The detoxifying effect of A. rosea flower was verified by comparing the changes in neurotransmitters' content in brain tissue before and after poisoning in rats. The assay was performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The quantification method was performed by plotting an internal-standard working curve with good linearity (R2 > 0.9941) and sensitivity. Analyte recoveries were 94.04-107.53% (RSD < 4.21%). Results indicated that the levels of 5-HT, DA, E, and NE in the brains of TTX-intoxicated rats decreased, whereas the levels of GABA, Tyn, and 5-HIAA showed an opposite trend, and HVA and DOPAC were not detected. The levels of all seven neurotransmitters returned to normal after the gavage administration of ethyl acetate extract of A. rosea flower to prove that the ethyl acetate extract of A. rosea flower had a therapeutic effect on TTX poisoning. The work provided new ideas for studies on TTX detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Renjin Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
- Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Physical and Chemical Analysis Department, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Pingping Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Youjia Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Lingyi Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Liying Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
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Hassanpour-Sabet R, Seyfinejad B, Marzi Khosrowshahi E, Nemati M, Afshar Mogaddam MR, Jouyban A. UiO-66-based metal-organic framework for dispersive solid-phase extraction of vanillylmandelic acid from urine before analysis by capillary electrophoresis. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28728-28737. [PMID: 36320520 PMCID: PMC9549476 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02916b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE) was developed for the extraction of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) in urine samples prior to capillary electrophoresis with diode array detection (CE-DAD). Extraction of VMA by DSPE was carried out by direct addition of 7.5 mg of synthesized amino-functionalized UiO-66 (Zr) metal-organic framework adsorbent into the 5 mL sample solution (pH 4.0), followed by sonication and centrifugation. The supernatant layer was discarded, then the sedimented adsorbent was eluted using borate buffer (75 mM, pH 10). Effective extraction parameters including the amount of adsorbent, sample pH, adsorption and desorption time, type, volume and pH of eluent, and type of adsorbent dispersion method were systematically investigated. Under the optimized conditions, linearity of the method was from 40 to 2000 μg L-1 with a correlation coefficient over 0.9948. The method detection and quantification limits were 12 and 40 μg L-1, respectively. The relative standard deviations for intra-and inter-day precision were 2.4 and 2.8% (n = 5), respectively. The extraction recovery and enrichment factor values were 90% and 9.0 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Hassanpour-Sabet
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran+98 41 31773333+98 41 33372250
| | - Behruoz Seyfinejad
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Elnaz Marzi Khosrowshahi
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran+98 41 31773333+98 41 33372250
| | - Mahboob Nemati
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran+98 41 31773333+98 41 33372250
| | - Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran+98 41 31773333+98 41 33372250,Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran,Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East UniversityPO BOX: 99138 NicosiaMersin 10North CyprusTurkey
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Shuck B, Hart JL, Walker KL, Rai J, Srivastava S, Srivastava S, Rai S, Bhatnagar A, Keith RJ. Workplace Culture and Biomarkers of Health Risk. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11920. [PMID: 36231223 PMCID: PMC9565767 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Workplace culture has been studied for impact on health risk; however, connections with robust biologic markers of health remain to be established. We examined associations between the work environment and urinary levels of catecholamines and their metabolites as biomarkers of sympathetic nervous system activity, indicative of stress. We recruited participants (n = 219; 2018-2019) from a cardiovascular risk cohort to investigate workplace culture, well-being, and stress. Participants completed seven questionnaires. Urine samples were used to measure catecholamines and their metabolites by LC/MS/MS. Pearson correlation and linear regression models were used after adjusting for demographics and creatinine. Participants reporting higher well-being had lower urinary levels of dopamine, serotonin, and 3-methoxytyramine. Participants reporting a more engaged and more positive workplace had lower levels of dopamine and 3-methoxytyramine. Reported workplace isolation was correlated with higher levels of dopamine and 3-methoxytyramine. Given correlations between catecholamines, we used 3-methoxytyramine for linear regression. In fully adjusted models, in environments with a more positive culture, levels of 3-methoxytyramine remained lower (β = -0.065 ± 0.025, p = 0.01) and indicated a positive association between workplace isolation and 3-methoxytyramine (β = 0.064 ± 0.030, p = 0.04). These findings are consistent with an important relationship between workplace environment and sympathetic nervous system activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad Shuck
- College of Education and Human Development, University of Louisville, Suite #346, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Joy L. Hart
- Department of Communication, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Kandi L. Walker
- Department of Communication, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jayesh Rai
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Shweta Srivastava
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Division of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Shesh Rai
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Division of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Brown Cancer Center, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Biostatistics and Informatics Core, Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Division of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Rachel J. Keith
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Division of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Melo JEC, Santos TFO, Santos RS, Franco HS, Monteiro MCN, Bispo JMM, Mendonça MS, Ribeiro AM, Silva RH, Gois AM, Marchioro M, Lins LCRF, Santos JR. Aging accentuates decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity associated with the increase in the motor impairment in a model of reserpine-induced parkinsonism. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 125:102162. [PMID: 36115503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive dopaminergic neuron loss. Animal models have been used to develop a better understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of PD. However, these models are usually conducted with young animals diverging of the age of PD patients, suggesting a bias in translational science. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the age on rats in a progressive parkinsonism model induced by reserpine (RES). Adult (6 - 8 month-old) or elderly (18 - 24 month-old) male rats were assigned to six groups: control-elderly (CTL-ELDERLY), reserpine-elderly (RES-ELDERLY), reserpine-elderly withdrawal (RES-ELDERLY WITHDRAWAL), control-adult (CTL-ADULT), reserpine-adult (RES-ADULT), and reserpine-adult withdrawal (RES-ADULT WITHDRAWAL). Animals received 15 injections every other day of RES (0.1 mg / kg) or vehicle during 30 days. Throughout treatment, animals were evaluated in the catalepsy test (every 48 h) and open field test (24 h after the second injection), and weight assessment (every 4 days) was also made. Upon completion of behavioral tests, rat brains were collected for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemical analysis. Main results demonstrated that RES-treated animals spent more time in the catalepsy bar compared with control groups, moreover the RES-elderly group showed a longer catalepsy time compared with the RES-ADULT group. A shorter time from RES treatment to the development of symptoms was observed in the RES-ADULT group, compared with the RES-ELDERLY group. In addition, RES-induced weight loss in both RES-ELDERLY and RES-ADULT when compared with their corresponding controls. Cessation of RES treatment was followed by weight gain only in the RES-ADULT group. A significant decrease in TH-immunoreactive cells was observed in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and dorsal striatum (STR) in the rats in both the RES-ADULT and RES-ELDERLY groups and in the ventral tegmental area in rats in the RES-ADULT group. Furthermore, TH immunoreactivity decrease was not reversible in SNpc and STR in the RES-ELDERLY. These results show that RES has an age-dependent effect in rats, suggesting a greater sensitivity of the dopaminergic pathway to RES with advancing age. These suggest that the RES rat model of parkinsonism can be useful in improving our knowledge on the effect of aging on neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- João E C Melo
- Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology Laboratory Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - Thassya F O Santos
- Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology Laboratory Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo S Santos
- Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology Laboratory Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - Heitor S Franco
- Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology Laboratory Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - Milena C N Monteiro
- Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology Laboratory Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - José M M Bispo
- Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology Laboratory Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - Mylaine S Mendonça
- Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology Laboratory Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | | | - Regina H Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Auderlan M Gois
- Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology Laboratory Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - Murilo Marchioro
- Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology Laboratory Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Lívia C R F Lins
- Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology Laboratory Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - José R Santos
- Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology Laboratory Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil; Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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Bi Y, Xu T, Chen L. [Determination of three urinary catecholamines and serotonin by on-line packed-fiber solid-phase extraction]. Se Pu 2021; 39:1306-1313. [PMID: 34812002 PMCID: PMC9403999 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2021.07001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
生物单胺包括儿茶酚胺类以及5-羟色胺等,在中枢神经系统中扮演着非常关键的角色,也是临床上诊断神经内分泌肿瘤疾病的重要生物标志物。由于这类单胺类物质的强化学极性导致传统吸附材料对其吸附效果不佳,从复杂生物样本中同时检测更多的生物单胺存在挑战性。该文建立了一种基于聚冠醚纳米纤维在线固相萃取检测尿液中3种儿茶酚胺(多巴胺、肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素)和5-羟色胺的方法。采用静电纺丝法制备聚二苯并-18-冠-6醚-聚苯乙烯复合纳米纤维(PCE-PS),制成装填纤维的固相萃取(PFSPE)柱,再将PFSPE柱与HPLC进行在线联用。该在线PFSPE-HPLC方法采用双三元泵进行样品富集净化和分析,左泵连接PFSPE柱,进行样品富集净化;右泵连接分析柱进行样品分离检测。控制切换阀的切换,实现样品富集后洗脱至分析柱中分离检测。结果表明,在线PFSPE-HPLC检测尿液儿茶酚胺(多巴胺、肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素)和5-羟色胺在1~200 ng/mL范围内有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数达0.996以上。3种儿茶酚胺和5-羟色胺的检出限(S/N=3)分别为1和2.5 ng/mL,定量限(S/N=10)分别为2.5和5 ng/mL。空白尿液和实际尿液加标回收率在83.5%~117.7%之间,日内精密度<10%。PCE-PS复合纳米纤维在多次使用后无明显变化,具有良好的稳定性,可重复使用达95次以上。在线PFSPE-HPLC方法能够集样品在线前处理与分析检测于一体,省时省力,实现分析过程的高度自动化。该方法成功应用于尿液中3种儿茶酚胺和5-羟色胺的检测,可以为临床上相关疾病检测诊断和研究提供有力的技术支持。
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueling Bi
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Xiqing Hospital, Tianjin 300380, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Liqin Chen
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China
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10
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Li H, Zhang G, Wang W, Jiao LL, Chen CB, Huo JR, Wu W. Detection of catecholamine metabolites in urine based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 36:e5280. [PMID: 34788895 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The excretion of neurotransmitter metabolites in normal individuals is of great significance for health monitoring. A rapid quantitative method was developed with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The method was further applied to determine catecholamine metabolites vanilymandelic acid (VMA), methoxy hydroxyphenyl glycol (MHPG), dihydroxy-phenyl acetic acid (DOPAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) in the urine. The urine was collected from six healthy volunteers (20-22 years old) for 10 consecutive days. It was precolumn derivatized with dansyl chloride. Subsequently, the sample was analyzed using triple quadrupole mass spectrometry with an electrospray ion in positive and multireaction monitoring modes. The method was sensitive and repeatable with the recoveries 92.7-104.30%, limits of detection (LODs) 0.01-0.05 μg/mL, and coefficients no less than 0.9938. The excretion content of four target compounds in random urine samples was 0.20 ± 0.086 μg/mL (MHPG), 1.27 ± 1.24 μg/mL (VMA), 3.29 ± 1.36 μg/mL (HVA), and 1.13 ± 1.07 μg/mL (DOPAC). In the urine, the content of VMA, the metabolite of norepinephrine and adrenaline, was more than MHPG, and the content of HVA, the metabolite of dopamine, was more than DOPAC. This paper detected the levels of catecholamine metabolites and summarized the characteristics of excretion using random urine samples, which could provide valuable information for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Guolei Zhang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Li-Li Jiao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chang-Bao Chen
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jing-Rui Huo
- Cangzhou Nanobody Technology Innovation Center, Cangzhou Medical College, Cangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Rowe G, Tracy E, Beare JE, LeBlanc AJ. Cell therapy rescues aging-induced beta-1 adrenergic receptor and GRK2 dysfunction in the coronary microcirculation. GeroScience 2021; 44:329-348. [PMID: 34608562 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Our past study showed that coronary arterioles isolated from adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF)-treated rats showed amelioration of the age-related decrease in vasodilation to beta-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) agonist and improved β-AR-dependent coronary flow and microvascular function in a model of advanced age. We hypothesized that intravenously (i.v.) injected SVF improves coronary microvascular function in aged rats by re-establishing the equilibrium of the negative regulators of the internal adrenergic signaling cascade, G-protein receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) and G-alpha inhibitory (Gαi) proteins, back to youthful levels. Female Fischer-344 rats aged young (3 months, n = 24), old (24 months, n = 26), and old animals that received 1 × 107 green fluorescent protein (GFP+) SVF cells (O + SVF, n = 11) 4 weeks prior to sacrifice were utilized. Overnight urine was collected prior to sacrifice for catecholamine measurements. Cardiac samples were used for western blotting while coronary arterioles were isolated for pressure myography studies, immunofluorescence staining, and RNA sequencing. Coronary microvascular levels of the β1 adrenergic receptor are decreased with advancing age, but this decreased expression was rescued by SVF treatment. Aging led to a decrease in phosphorylated GRK2 in cardiomyocytes vs. young control with restoration of phosphorylation status by SVF. In vessels, there was no change in genetic transcription (RNAseq) or protein expression (immunofluorescence); however, inhibition of GRK2 (paroxetine) led to improved vasodilation to norepinephrine in the old control (OC) and O + SVF, indicating greater GRK2 functional inhibition of β1-AR in aging. SVF works to improve adrenergic-mediated vasodilation by restoring the β1-AR population and mitigating signal cascade inhibitors to improve vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Rowe
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Evan Tracy
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Jason E Beare
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Amanda J LeBlanc
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
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12
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Galla Z, Rácz G, Grecsó N, Baráth Á, Kósa M, Bereczki C, Monostori P. Improved LC-MS/MS method for the determination of 42 neurologically and metabolically important molecules in urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1179:122846. [PMID: 34225243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous determination of kynurenines, neurotransmitters, pterins and steroids linked to various neurological and metabolic diseases have important diagnostic significance for related pathology and drug monitoring. An improved, sensitive and selective ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometric (UHPLC-MS/MS) method, based on our earlier publication, has been proposed for the quantitative measurement of 42 metabolites in human urine. The assay covers a larger number of analytes, uses an advanced, Waters Atlantis T3 chromatographic column and similarly meets the guideline of European Medicines Agency (EMA) on bioanalytical method validation. Analytical performance met all the EMA requirements and the assay covered the relevant clinical concentrations. Linear correlation coefficients were all > 0.998. Intra-day and inter-day accuracy and precision were 87-118%, 81-120% and 2-20%, respectively including the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ). The assay is expected to facilitate the diagnosis and allows drug level monitoring from urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Galla
- Metabolic and Newborn Screening Laboratory, Department of Paediatrics, University of Szeged.
| | - Gábor Rácz
- Metabolic and Newborn Screening Laboratory, Department of Paediatrics, University of Szeged
| | - Nóra Grecsó
- Metabolic and Newborn Screening Laboratory, Department of Paediatrics, University of Szeged
| | - Ákos Baráth
- Metabolic and Newborn Screening Laboratory, Department of Paediatrics, University of Szeged
| | - Magdolna Kósa
- Metabolic and Newborn Screening Laboratory, Department of Paediatrics, University of Szeged
| | - Csaba Bereczki
- Metabolic and Newborn Screening Laboratory, Department of Paediatrics, University of Szeged
| | - Péter Monostori
- Metabolic and Newborn Screening Laboratory, Department of Paediatrics, University of Szeged
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13
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McGraw KE, Riggs DW, Rai S, Navas-Acien A, Xie Z, Lorkiewicz P, Lynch J, Zafar N, Krishnasamy S, Taylor KC, Conklin DJ, DeFilippis AP, Srivastava S, Bhatnagar A. Exposure to volatile organic compounds - acrolein, 1,3-butadiene, and crotonaldehyde - is associated with vascular dysfunction. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110903. [PMID: 33636185 PMCID: PMC8119348 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Exposure to air pollution, specifically particulate matter of diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), is a well-established risk factor for CVD. However, the contribution of gaseous pollutant exposure to CVD risk is less clear. OBJECTIVE To examine the vascular effects of exposure to individual volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and mixtures of VOCs. METHODS We measured urinary metabolites of acrolein (CEMA and 3HPMA), 1,3-butadiene (DHBMA and MHBMA3), and crotonaldehyde (HPMMA) in 346 nonsmokers with varying levels of CVD risk. On the day of enrollment, we measured blood pressure (BP), reactive hyperemia index (RHI - a measure of endothelial function), and urinary levels of catecholamines and their metabolites. We used generalized linear models for evaluating the association between individual VOC metabolites and BP, RHI, and catecholamines, and we used Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) to assess exposure to VOC metabolite mixtures and BP. RESULTS We found that the levels of 3HPMA were positively associated with systolic BP (0.98 mmHg per interquartile range (IQR) of 3HPMA; CI: 0.06, 1.91; P = 0.04). Stratified analysis revealed an increased association with systolic BP in Black participants despite lower levels of urinary 3HPMA. This association was independent of PM2.5 exposure and BP medications. BKMR analysis confirmed that 3HPMA was the major metabolite associated with higher BP in the presence of other metabolites. We also found that 3HPMA and DHBMA were associated with decreased endothelial function. For each IQR of 3HPMA or DHBMA, there was a -4.4% (CI: -7.2, -0.0; P = 0.03) and a -3.9% (CI: -9.4, -0.0; P = 0.04) difference in RHI, respectively. Although in the entire cohort the levels of several urinary VOC metabolites were weakly associated with urinary catecholamines and their metabolites, in Black participants, DHBMA levels showed strong associations with urinary norepinephrine and normetanephrine levels. DISCUSSION Exposure to acrolein and 1,3-butadiene is associated with endothelial dysfunction and may contribute to elevated risk of hypertension in participants with increased sympathetic tone, particularly in Black individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katlyn E McGraw
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Superfund Research Center, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, USA
| | - Daniel W Riggs
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Superfund Research Center, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, USA
| | - Shesh Rai
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Superfund Research Center, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, USA; Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, 485 E Gray Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, USA; Department of Environmental Health Science, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Zhengzhi Xie
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Superfund Research Center, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Pawel Lorkiewicz
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Superfund Research Center, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jordan Lynch
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Superfund Research Center, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Nagma Zafar
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Sathya Krishnasamy
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Kira C Taylor
- University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, USA
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Superfund Research Center, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Andrew P DeFilippis
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Superfund Research Center, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Superfund Research Center, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Superfund Research Center, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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14
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Chen L, Singh V, Rickert D, Khaled A, Pawliszyn J. High throughput determination of free biogenic monoamines and their metabolites in urine using thin-film solid phase microextraction. Talanta 2021; 232:122438. [PMID: 34074423 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UPLC-MS/MS methods are the gold standard for routine, high-throughput measurements of biogenic monoamines for the diagnosis of catecholamine-producing tumors. However, this cannot be achieved without employing efficient sample pretreatment methods. Therefore, two pretreatment methods, thin-film solid phase microextraction (TF-SPME) and packed fibers solid phase extraction (PFSPE), were developed and evaluated for the analysis of biogenic monoamines and their metabolites in urine. A hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) coating was chosen for the thin-film blade format SPME method and compared with a Polycrown ether (PCE) composite nanofiber used as an adsorbent for the PFSPE method. Under optimal conditions, the absolute extraction recovery and relative matrix effect of the newly developed TF-SPME method were determined to be 35.7-74.8% and 0.47-3.63%, respectively. The linearity was 0.25-500 ng mL-1 for norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, normetanephrine 3-methoxytyramine, serotonin, histamine, and 0.1-500 ng mL-1 for metanephrine. The intra-and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 0.7-8.7%, and the respective accuracies were calculated to be 90.8-104.7% and 89.5-104.5% for TF-SPME. Compared with the PFSPE method, the TF-SPME method had a higher extraction efficiency, lower matrix effects and a wider linear range for eight target substances, which ensured higher accuracy of simultaneous detection of all compounds of interest. Therefore, the proposed TF-SPME method can be employed for the high throughput screening for neuroendocrine tumors in a routine clinical setting and other relative research by simultaneous quantitation of urine eight biological monoamines in a single run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Varoon Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Daniel Rickert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Abir Khaled
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Lefeuvre S, Bois-Maublanc J, Mongeois E, Policarpo V, Formaux L, Francia T, Billaud EM, Got L. Quantitation using HRMS: A new tool for rapid, specific and sensitive determination of catecholamines and deconjugated methanephrines metanephrines in urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1166:122391. [PMID: 33246878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Urinary catecholamines and their methylated metabolites are biochemical indicators of pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma and neuroblastoma. A rapid and precise analytical method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography separation coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was developed and validated to measure urinary catecholamines (epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NorE), dopamine (D)) and total methylated metabolites (normetanephrine (NorMN), metanephrine(MN) and 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT)) in a clinical setting. Results of 51 urine specimens measured using this LC-HRMS method were compared with a liquid chromatography assay with electrochemical detection (LC-EC). Urine samples (200 μL) were spiked with an internal standard solution followed by SPE purification. In the case of total methylated metabolites, urine was hydrolyzed before SPE purification. Separation was achieved on an Acclaim Mixed Mode WCX column, with an 8.5 min runtime. All compounds were detected in electrospray positive ionization mode with a parallel reaction monitoring acquisition and quantified with a linear regression (r2 > 0.998) between 2 and 200 µg/L (10.9-1090; 11.8-1182 nmol/L) for E and NorE respectively and between 10 and 1000 µg/L for others (65.2-6520; 50.7-5070; 54.5-5450 ; 59.8-5980 nmol/L for D, M, NorMN and 3-MT, respectively). Overall imprecision and bias did not exceed 15%. No significant matrix effect was observed. Correlation between the two assays was good except for epinephrine. Epinephrine concentrations measured by LC-EC method were slightly higher than values obtained with LC-HRMS method but without impact on clinical decision. This LC-HRMS assay provides a new tool for simultaneous quantitative catecholamine determination and was successfully applied in routine for the screening or follow up of pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma and neuroblastoma. LC-HRMS method offers significant advantages compared to LC-EC with good sensitivity, an unambiguous analyte determination and high sample throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lefeuvre
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHR Orléans, France.
| | | | - E Mongeois
- Diabetology - Endocrinology - Nutrition Department, CHR Orléans, France
| | - V Policarpo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHR Orléans, France
| | - L Formaux
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHR Orléans, France
| | - T Francia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHR Orléans, France
| | - E M Billaud
- Pharmacology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - L Got
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHR Orléans, France
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Valko-Rokytovská M, Očenáš P, Salayová A, Titková R, Kostecká Z. Specific urinary metabolites in canine mammary gland tumors. J Vet Sci 2020; 21:e23. [PMID: 32233131 PMCID: PMC7113568 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of biomarkers that distinguish diseased from healthy individuals is of great interest in human and veterinary fields. In this research area, a metabolomic approach and its related statistical analyses can be useful for biomarker determination and allow non-invasive discrimination of healthy volunteers from breast cancer patients. In this study, we focused on the most common canine neoplasm, mammary gland tumor, and herein, we describe a simple method using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography to determine the levels of tyrosine and its metabolites (epinephrine, 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and vanillylmandelic acid), tryptophan and its metabolites (5-hydroxyindolacetic acid, indoxyl sulfate, serotonin, and kynurenic acid) in canine mammary cancer urine samples. Our results indicated significantly increased concentrations of three tryptophan metabolites, 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (p < 0.001), serotonin, indoxyl sulfate (p < 0.01), and kynurenic acid (p < 0.05), and 2 tyrosine metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (p < 0.001), and epinephrine (p < 0.05) in urine samples from the mammary gland tumor group compared to concentrations in urine samples from the healthy group. The results indicate that select urinary tyrosine and tryptophan metabolites may be useful as non-invasive diagnostic markers as well as in developing a therapeutic strategy for canine mammary gland tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Valko-Rokytovská
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Peter Očenáš
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Aneta Salayová
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Radka Titková
- Section of Surgery, Orthopaedics, Roentgenology and Reproduction, Small Animal Clinic, University Veterinary Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kostecká
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
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Maráková K, Piešťanský J, Zelinková Z, Mikuš P. Simultaneous determination of twelve biogenic amines in human urine as potential biomarkers of inflammatory bowel diseases by capillary electrophoresis – tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 186:113294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Xiong X, Zhang Y. Simple, rapid, and cost-effective microextraction by the packed sorbent method for quantifying of urinary free catecholamines and metanephrines using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application in clinical analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:2763-2775. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02436-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Carll AP, Salatini R, Pirela SV, Wang Y, Xie Z, Lorkiewicz P, Naeem N, Qian Y, Castranova V, Godleski JJ, Demokritou P. Inhalation of printer-emitted particles impairs cardiac conduction, hemodynamics, and autonomic regulation and induces arrhythmia and electrical remodeling in rats. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:7. [PMID: 31996220 PMCID: PMC6990551 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-019-0335-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using engineered nanomaterial-based toners, laser printers generate aerosols with alarming levels of nanoparticles that bear high bioactivity and potential health risks. Yet, the cardiac impacts of printer-emitted particles (PEPs) are unknown. Inhalation of particulate matter (PM) promotes cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and ultra-fine particulates (< 0.1 μm aerodynamic diameter) may bear toxicity unique from larger particles. Toxicological studies suggest that PM impairs left ventricular (LV) performance; however, such investigations have heretofore required animal restraint, anesthesia, or ex vivo preparations that can confound physiologic endpoints and/or prohibit LV mechanical assessments during exposure. To assess the acute and chronic effects of PEPs on cardiac physiology, male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to PEPs (21 days, 5 h/day) while monitoring LV pressure (LVP) and electrocardiogram (ECG) via conscious telemetry, analyzing LVP and heart rate variability (HRV) in four-day increments from exposure days 1 to 21, as well as ECG and baroreflex sensitivity. At 2, 35, and 70 days after PEPs exposure ceased, rats received stress tests. RESULTS On day 21 of exposure, PEPs significantly (P < 0.05 vs. Air) increased LV end systolic pressure (LVESP, + 18 mmHg) and rate-pressure-product (+ 19%), and decreased HRV indicating sympathetic dominance (root means squared of successive differences [RMSSD], - 21%). Overall, PEPs decreased LV ejection time (- 9%), relaxation time (- 3%), tau (- 5%), RMSSD (- 21%), and P-wave duration (- 9%). PEPs increased QTc interval (+ 5%) and low:high frequency HRV (+ 24%; all P < 0.05 vs. Air), while tending to decrease baroreflex sensitivity and contractility index (- 15% and - 3%, P < 0.10 vs. Air). Relative to Air, at both 2 and 35 days after PEPs, ventricular arrhythmias increased, and at 70 days post-exposure LVESP increased. PEPs impaired ventricular repolarization at 2 and 35 days post-exposure, but only during stress tests. At 72 days post-exposure, PEPs increased urinary dopamine 5-fold and protein expression of ventricular repolarizing channels, Kv1.5, Kv4.2, and Kv7.1, by 50%. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest exposure to PEPs increases cardiovascular risk by augmenting sympathetic influence, impairing ventricular performance and repolarization, and inducing hypertension and arrhythmia. PEPs may present significant health risks through adverse cardiovascular effects, especially in occupational settings, among susceptible individuals, and with long-term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P. Carll
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology. Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Room 1310, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Renata Salatini
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra V. Pirela
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology. Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Room 1310, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Yun Wang
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology. Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Room 1310, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences,School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengzhi Xie
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Pawel Lorkiewicz
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Nazratan Naeem
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Yong Qian
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV USA
| | - Vincent Castranova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences/Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV USA
| | - John J. Godleski
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology. Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Room 1310, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology. Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Room 1310, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Su Y, Bian S, Sawan M. Real-time in vivo detection techniques for neurotransmitters: a review. Analyst 2020; 145:6193-6210. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01175d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Functional synapses in the central nervous system depend on a chemical signal exchange process that involves neurotransmitter delivery between neurons and receptor cells in the neuro system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Su
- Zhejiang university
- Hangzhou, 310058
- China
- CENBRAIN Lab
- School of Engineering
| | - Sumin Bian
- CENBRAIN Lab
- School of Engineering
- Westlake University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Mohamad Sawan
- CENBRAIN Lab
- School of Engineering
- Westlake University
- Hangzhou
- China
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21
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Zheng JJ, Pena Calderin E, Hill BG, Bhatnagar A, Hellmann J. Exercise Promotes Resolution of Acute Inflammation by Catecholamine-Mediated Stimulation of Resolvin D1 Biosynthesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:3013-3022. [PMID: 31653685 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which regular exercise prevents the development and progression of chronic inflammatory diseases are largely unknown. We find that exercise enhances resolution of acute inflammation by augmenting resolvin D1 (RvD1) levels and by promoting macrophage phagocytosis. When compared with sedentary controls, mice that performed a four-week treadmill exercise regimen displayed higher macrophage phagocytic activity, enhanced RvD1 levels, and earlier neutrophil clearance following an acute inflammatory challenge. In acute inflammatory cell extracts from exercised mice, we found elevated expression of Alox15 and Alox5 and higher RvD1 levels. Because exercise stimulates release of epinephrine, which has immunomodulatory effects, we questioned whether epinephrine exerts proresolving actions on macrophages. Epinephrine-treated macrophages displayed higher RvD1 levels and 15-lipoxygenase-1 protein abundance, which were prevented by incubation with the α1 adrenergic receptor (α1-AR) antagonist prazosin. Likewise, stimulation of the α1-AR with phenylephrine enhanced macrophage phagocytosis and RvD1 production. During acute inflammation, prazosin abrogated exercise-enhanced neutrophil clearance, macrophage phagocytosis, and RvD1 biosynthesis. These results suggest that exercise-stimulated epinephrine enhances resolution of acute inflammation in an α1-AR-dependent manner. To our knowledge, our findings provide new mechanistic insights into the proresolving effects of exercise that could lead to the identification of novel pathways to stimulate resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Juan Zheng
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Ernesto Pena Calderin
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Jason Hellmann
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202
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22
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Palomino-Vasco M, Acedo-Valenzuela MI, Rodríguez-Cáceres MI, Mora-Diez N. Automated chromatographic method with fluorescent detection to determine biogenic amines and amino acids. Application to craft beer brewing process. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1601:155-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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23
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Yeager R, Riggs DW, DeJarnett N, Tollerud DJ, Wilson J, Conklin DJ, O'Toole TE, McCracken J, Lorkiewicz P, Xie Z, Zafar N, Krishnasamy SS, Srivastava S, Finch J, Keith RJ, DeFilippis A, Rai SN, Liu G, Bhatnagar A. Association Between Residential Greenness and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e009117. [PMID: 30561265 PMCID: PMC6405613 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Exposure to green vegetation has been linked to positive health, but the pathophysiological processes affected by exposure to vegetation remain unclear. To study the relationship between greenness and cardiovascular disease, we examined the association between residential greenness and biomarkers of cardiovascular injury and disease risk in susceptible individuals. Methods and Results In this cross-sectional study of 408 individuals recruited from a preventive cardiology clinic, we measured biomarkers of cardiovascular injury and risk in participant blood and urine. We estimated greenness from satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index ( NDVI ) in zones with radii of 250 m and 1 km surrounding the participants' residences. We used generalized estimating equations to examine associations between greenness and cardiovascular disease biomarkers. We adjusted for residential clustering, demographic, clinical, and environmental variables. In fully adjusted models, contemporaneous NDVI within 250 m of participant residence was inversely associated with urinary levels of epinephrine (-6.9%; 95% confidence interval, -11.5, -2.0/0.1 NDVI ) and F2-isoprostane (-9.0%; 95% confidence interval, -15.1, -2.5/0.1 NDVI ). We found stronger associations between NDVI and urinary epinephrine in women, those not on β-blockers, and those who had not previously experienced a myocardial infarction. Of the 15 subtypes of circulating angiogenic cells examined, 11 were inversely associated (8.0-15.6% decrease/0.1 NDVI ), whereas 2 were positively associated (37.6-45.8% increase/0.1 NDVI ) with contemporaneous NDVI . Conclusions Independent of age, sex, race, smoking status, neighborhood deprivation, statin use, and roadway exposure, residential greenness is associated with lower levels of sympathetic activation, reduced oxidative stress, and higher angiogenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Yeager
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY,Superfund Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | - Daniel W. Riggs
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY,Superfund Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY,Department of Bioinformatics and BiostatisticsUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | - Natasha DeJarnett
- Center for Public Health PolicyAmerican Public Health AssociationWashington D.C.
| | - David J. Tollerud
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health SciencesUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | - Jeffrey Wilson
- Department of GeographyIndiana University ‐ Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolisIN
| | - Daniel J. Conklin
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY,Superfund Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | - Timothy E. O'Toole
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY,Superfund Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | | | - Pawel Lorkiewicz
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY,Superfund Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | - Zhengzhi Xie
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY,Superfund Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | - Nagma Zafar
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | - Sathya S. Krishnasamy
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & DiabetesUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY,Superfund Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | - Jordan Finch
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | - Rachel J. Keith
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY,Superfund Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | - Andrew DeFilippis
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY,Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | - Shesh N. Rai
- Department of Bioinformatics and BiostatisticsUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY,Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared FacilityJames Graham Brown Cancer CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | - Gilbert Liu
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY,Superfund Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
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