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Xu Y, Zheng H, Schumacher D, Liehn EA, Slabu I, Rusu M. Recent Advancements of Specific Functionalized Surfaces of Magnetic Nano- and Microparticles as a Theranostics Source in Biomedicine. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1914-1932. [PMID: 33856199 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nano- and microparticles (MNMPs) belong to a highly versatile class of colloids with actuator and sensor properties that have been broadly studied for their application in theranostics such as molecular imaging and drug delivery. The use of advanced biocompatible, biodegradable polymers and polyelectrolytes as MNMP coating materials is essential to ensure the stability of MNMPs and enable efficient drug release while at the same time preventing cytotoxic effects. In the past years, huge progress has been made in terms of the design of MNMPs. Especially, the understanding of coating formation with respect to control of drug loading and release kinetics on the molecular level has significantly advanced. In this review, recent advancements in the field of MNMP surface engineering and the applicability of MNMPs in research fields of medical imaging, diagnosis, and nanotherapeutics are presented and discussed. Furthermore, in this review the main emphasis is put on the manipulation of biological specimens and cell trafficking, for which MNMPs represent a favorable tool enabling transport processes of drugs through cell membranes. Finally, challenges and future perspectives for applications of MNMPs as theranostic nanomaterials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Huabo Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Angiology, and Intensive Care, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - David Schumacher
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Elisa Anamaria Liehn
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Angiology, and Intensive Care, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology "Victor Babes", Splaiul Independentei nr. 99-101, Sector 5, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Slabu
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstr. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mihaela Rusu
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology "Victor Babes", Splaiul Independentei nr. 99-101, Sector 5, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Das BP, Tsianou M. From polyelectrolyte complexes to polyelectrolyte multilayers: Electrostatic assembly, nanostructure, dynamics, and functional properties. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 244:71-89. [PMID: 28499602 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) are three-dimensional macromolecular structures formed by association of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in solution. Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) can be considered a special case of PECs prepared by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly that involves sequential deposition of molecular-thick polyelectrolyte layers with nanoscale control over the size, shape, composition and internal organization. Although many functional PEMs with novel physical and chemical characteristics have been developed, the current practical applications of PEMs are limited to those that require only a few bilayers and are relatively easy to prepare. The viability of such engineered materials can be realized only after overcoming the scientific and engineering challenges of understanding the kinetics and transport phenomena involved in the multilayer growth and the factors governing their final structure, composition, and response to external stimuli. There is a great need to model PEMs and to connect PEM behavior with the characteristics of the PEC counterparts to allow for prediction of performance and better design of multilayered materials. This review focuses on the relationship between PEMs and PECs. The constitutive interactions, the thermodynamics and kinetics of polyelectrolyte complexation and PEM formation, PEC phase behavior, PEM growth, the internal structure and stability in PEMs and PECs, and their response to external stimuli are presented. Knowledge of such interactions and behavior can guide rapid fabrication of PEMs and can aid their applications as nanocomposites, coatings, nano-sized reactors, capsules, drug delivery systems, and in electrochemical and sensing devices. The challenges and opportunities in future research directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswa P Das
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, United States
| | - Marina Tsianou
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, United States.
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Häuser M, Langer K, Schönhoff M. pH-Triggered release from surface-modified poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 6:2504-2512. [PMID: 26885463 PMCID: PMC4734421 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.6.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NP) of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) represent a promising biodegradable drug delivery system. We suggest here a two-step release system of PLGA nanoparticles with a pH-tunable polymeric shell, providing an initial pH-triggered step, releasing a membrane-toxic cationic compound. PLGA nanoparticles are coated by polyelectrolytes using the layer-by-layer self-assembly technique, employing poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a pH-sensitive component and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) as the releasable polycation. The pH during multilayer deposition plays a major role and influences the titration curve of the layer system. The pH-tunability of PAA is intensively investigated with regard to the pH region, in which the particle system becomes uncharged. The isoelectric point can be shifted by employing suitable deposition pH values. The release is investigated by quantitative (1)H NMR, yielding a pH-dependent release curve. A release of PDADMAC is initiated by a decrease of the pH value. The released amount of polymer, as quantified by (1)H NMR analysis, clearly depends on the pH value and thus on the state of deprotonation of the pH-sensitive PAA layer. Subsequent incubation of the nanoparticles with high concentrations of sodium chloride shows no further release and thus demonstrates the pH-driven release to be quantitative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Häuser
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Muenster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Langer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Muenster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Monika Schönhoff
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Khoshniyat A, Sharif A, Aalaie J. Experimental and thermodynamic investigation of the stability of copolymer grafted bentonite nanoclays in a high salinity electrolyte. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x1507007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pavlov AM, Sukhorukov GB, Gould DJ. Location of molecules in layer-by-layer assembled microcapsules influences activity, cell delivery and susceptibility to enzyme degradation. J Control Release 2013; 172:22-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zhang Y, Panneerselvam K, Ogaki R, Hosta-Rigau L, van der Westen R, Jensen BEB, Teo BM, Zhu M, Städler B. Assembly of poly(dopamine)/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) mixed films and their temperature-dependent interaction with proteins, liposomes, and cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:10213-10222. [PMID: 23902279 DOI: 10.1021/la402118u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Many biomedical applications benefit from responsive polymer coatings. The properties of poly(dopamine) (PDA) films can be affected by codepositing dopamine (DA) with the temperature-responsive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNiPAAm). We characterize the film assembly at 24 and 39 °C using DA and aminated or carboxylated pNiPAAm by a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-vis, ellipsometry, and atomic force microscopy. It was found that pNiPAAm with both types of end groups are incorporated into the films. We then identified a temperature-dependent adsorption behavior of proteins and liposomes to these PDA and pNiPAAm containing coatings by QCM-D and optical microscopy. Finally, a difference in myoblast cell response was found when these cells were allowed to adhere to these coatings. Taken together, these fundamental findings considerably broaden the potential biomedical applications of PDA films due to the added temperature responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
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Microstructures and growth characteristics of polyelectrolytes on silicon using layer-by-layer assembly. OPEN CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-012-0152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractGrowth processes of nanocomposite layers obtained by polyelectrolytes, poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC), self-assembled on silicon surface using layer-by-layer (LbL) technique were investigated, and theoretical and experimental data are herein reported. Complementary microstructural and compositional analyses techniques (scanning electron microscopy, ellipsometry, X-ray reflectivity, zeta (ξ) potential measurements and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy) were used for deep characterization of the multilayer structure formation. Electrophoretic zeta (ξ) potential measurements indicated that the surface charge was either positive or negative, depending on the polyelectrolyte used (PDADMAC or PSS). ATR-IR spectra confirmed the successfully silanization process and then, the building up of the nanocomposite layer. Morphological investigation and X-ray reflectivity demonstrated the growth process and cross-section size of the bilayers. Ellipsometric measurements were in very good agreement with SEM and XRR, showing once again the successful deposition of polyelectrolyte multilayers.
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Temperature responsive flocculation and solid–liquid separations with charged random copolymers of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide). J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 360:61-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lavalle P, Voegel JC, Vautier D, Senger B, Schaaf P, Ball V. Dynamic aspects of films prepared by a sequential deposition of species: perspectives for smart and responsive materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:1191-221. [PMID: 21264957 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201003309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The deposition of surface coatings using a step-by-step approach from mutually interacting species allows the fabrication of so called "multilayered films". These coatings are very versatile and easy to produce in environmentally friendly conditions, mostly from aqueous solution. They find more and more applications in many hot topic areas, such as in biomaterials and nanoelectronics but also in stimuli-responsive films. We aim to review the most recent developments in such stimuli-responsive coatings based on layer-by-layer (LBL) depositions in relationship to the properties of these coatings. The most investigated stimuli are based on changes in ionic strength, temperature, exposure to light, and mechanical forces. The possibility to induce a transition from linear to exponential growth in thickness and to change the charge compensation from "intrinsic" to "extrinsic" by controlling parameters such as temperature, pH, and ionic strength are the ways to confer their responsiveness to the films. Chemical post-modifications also allow to significantly modify the film properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lavalle
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 977, 11 rue Humann, Strasbourg Cedex, France
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Burmistrova A, Steitz R, von Klitzing R. Temperature Response of PNIPAM Derivatives at Planar Surfaces: Comparison between Polyelectrolyte Multilayers and Adsorbed Microgels. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:3571-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Burmistrova
- Stranski‐Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, D‐10623 Berlin (Germany), Fax: (+49) 30‐314‐26602
| | - Roland Steitz
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin, Lise‐Meitner Campu, Hahn‐Meitner‐Platz 1, 14109 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Regine von Klitzing
- Stranski‐Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, D‐10623 Berlin (Germany), Fax: (+49) 30‐314‐26602
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Gauczinski J, Liu Z, Zhang X, Schönhoff M. Mechanism of surface molecular imprinting in polyelectrolyte multilayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:10122-10128. [PMID: 20334393 DOI: 10.1021/la1002447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The combination of Layer-by-Layer (LbL) self-assembly of oppositely charged polymers with the concept of molecular imprinting in polymers promises faster loading/unloading as compared to bulk systems. Here, we monitor the construction of LbL self-assembled polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEM) including template molecules and the binding and release dynamics of the guest molecules in the imprinted sites employing a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation measurement (QCM-D). It is found that pH-dependent removal and rebinding of the template leads to a simultaneous swelling of the film. Separating the swelling from the template kinetics is a task which can be carried out by careful interpretation of the obtained QCM-D data. Considering correlated frequency and dissipation changes, evidence is found that the film features binding sites that can be loaded with the template such that the major part of template uptake is due to selective binding into imprinted sites. Template uptake is causing an enhanced cross-linking, as monitored by a reduced dissipation. The mechanism of reversible template uptake and release is shown to be based on the charge equilibrium in the film, which is manipulated by pH variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gauczinski
- Westfälische Wilhelms Universität, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Corrensstrasse 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Bieker P, Schönhoff M. Linear and Exponential Growth Regimes of Multilayers of Weak Polyelectrolytes in Dependence on pH. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1007489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bieker
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms - Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, D-48147 Münster, Germany
| | - Monika Schönhoff
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms - Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, D-48147 Münster, Germany
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Hofmann C, Schönhoff M. Do additives shift the LCST of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) by solvent quality changes or by direct interactions? Colloid Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-009-2103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ding Z, Guan Y, Zhang Y, Zhu X. Synthesis of glucose-sensitive self-assembled films and their application in controlled drug delivery. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Glinel K, Déjugnat C, Prevot M, Schöler B, Schönhoff M, Klitzing RV. Responsive polyelectrolyte multilayers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hales K, Pochan DJ. Using polyelectrolyte block copolymers to tune nanostructure assembly. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2006.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Rusu M, Wohlrab S, Kuckling D, Möhwald H, Schönhoff M. Coil-to-Globule Transition of PNIPAM Graft Copolymers with Charged Side Chains: A 1H and 2H NMR and Spin Relaxation Study. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma060831a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Rusu
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Fachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062, Dresden, Germany; and Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wohlrab
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Fachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062, Dresden, Germany; and Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Kuckling
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Fachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062, Dresden, Germany; and Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Helmuth Möhwald
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Fachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062, Dresden, Germany; and Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Monika Schönhoff
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Fachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062, Dresden, Germany; and Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Abstract
The paper deals with the correlation between the internal structure and dynamics of polyelectrolyte multilayers on one hand and their functional properties on the other hand. It considers different concepts of multilayer formation like driving forces, adsorption kinetics, mode of growth and stability aspects. A further focus is the control of internal structure and dynamics which is of high impact with respect to the design of stimuli-responsive material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine V Klitzing
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Theoretische und Physikalische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, D-10623, Berlin.
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