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Zhang J, Dong F, Liu C, Nie J, Feng S, Yi T. Progress of Drug Nanocrystal Self-Stabilized Pickering Emulsions: Construction, Characteristics In Vitro, and Fate In Vivo. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:293. [PMID: 38399347 PMCID: PMC10891687 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A drug nanocrystal self-stabilized Pickering emulsion (DNSPE) is a novel Pickering emulsion with drug nanocrystals as the stabilizer. As a promising drug delivery system, DNSPEs have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to their high drug loading capacity and ability to reduce potential safety hazards posed by surfactants or specific solid particles. This paper comprehensively reviews the progress of research on DNSPEs, with an emphasis on the main factors influencing their construction, characteristics and measurement methods in vitro, and fate in vivo, and puts forward issues that need to be studied further. The review contributes to the advancement of DNSPE research and the promotion of their application in the field of drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Z.); (S.F.)
| | - Fangming Dong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Z.); (S.F.)
| | - Chuan Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Food Inspection, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Jinyu Nie
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Z.); (S.F.)
| | - Shan Feng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.Z.); (S.F.)
| | - Tao Yi
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macau 999078, China
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2
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Basu A, Okello LB, Castellanos N, Roh S, Velev OD. Assembly and manipulation of responsive and flexible colloidal structures by magnetic and capillary interactions. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:2466-2485. [PMID: 36946137 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00090g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The long-ranged interactions induced by magnetic fields and capillary forces in multiphasic fluid-particle systems facilitate the assembly of a rich variety of colloidal structures and materials. We review here the diverse structures assembled from isotropic and anisotropic particles by independently or jointly using magnetic and capillary interactions. The use of magnetic fields is one of the most efficient means of assembling and manipulating paramagnetic particles. By tuning the field strength and configuration or by changing the particle characteristics, the magnetic interactions, dynamics, and responsiveness of the assemblies can be precisely controlled. Concurrently, the capillary forces originating at the fluid-fluid interfaces can serve as means of reconfigurable binding in soft matter systems, such as Pickering emulsions, novel responsive capillary gels, and composites for 3D printing. We further discuss how magnetic forces can be used as an auxiliary parameter along with the capillary forces to assemble particles at fluid interfaces or in the bulk. Finally, we present examples how these interactions can be used jointly in magnetically responsive foams, gels, and pastes for 3D printing. The multiphasic particle gels for 3D printing open new opportunities for making of magnetically reconfigurable and "active" structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhirup Basu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Lilian B Okello
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Natasha Castellanos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Sangchul Roh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Orlin D Velev
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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3
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Sia CS, Lim HP, Lin YN, Beh LC, Tey BT, Goh BH, Low LE. pH-controllable stability of iron oxide@chitosan nanocomposite-stabilized magnetic Pickering emulsions. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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4
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Hammami MA, Kouloumpis A, Qi G, Alsmaeil AW, Aldakkan B, Kanj MY, Giannelis EP. Probing the Mechanism of Targeted Delivery of Molecular Surfactants Loaded into Nanoparticles after Their Assembly at Oil-Water Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:6113-6122. [PMID: 36692039 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A targeted and controlled delivery of molecular surfactants at oil-water interfaces using the directed assembly of nanoparticles, NPs, is reported. The mechanism of NP assembly at the interface and the release of molecular surfactants is followed by laser scanning confocal microscopy and surface force spectroscopy. The assembly of positively charged polystyrene NPs at the oil-water interface was facilitated by the introduction of carboxylic acid groups in the oil phase (e.g., by adding 1 wt % stearic acid to hexadecane to produce a model oil). The presence of positively charged NPs consistently lowers the stiffness of the water-oil interface. The effect is lessened, when the NPs are present in a solution of NaCl or deionized water at pH 2, consistent with a less dense monolayer of NPs at the interface in the last two systems. In addition, the NPs reduce the interfacial adhesion (i.e., the "stickiness" of the interface or, put differently, the pull-off force experienced by the atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip during retraction). After the assembly, the NPs can release a previously loaded cargo of surfactant molecules, which then facilitate the formation of a much finer oil-water emulsion. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the release of octadecyl amine, ODA, that has been incorporated into the NPs prior to the assembly. The release of ODA causes the NPs to detach from the interface altering the interfacial properties and leads to finer oil droplets. This approach can be exploited in applications in several fields ranging from pharmaceutical and cosmetics to hydrocarbon recovery and oil-spill remediation, where a targeted and controlled release of surfactants is wanted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Amen Hammami
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Antonios Kouloumpis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Genggeng Qi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ahmed Wasel Alsmaeil
- Department of the Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Bashayer Aldakkan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Mazen Y Kanj
- Center for Integrative Petroleum Research (CIPR), College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, KSA 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emmanuel P Giannelis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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5
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Jiang W, Wu Z, Gao Z, Wan M, Zhou M, Mao C, Shen J. Artificial Cells: Past, Present and Future. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15705-15733. [PMID: 36226996 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Artificial cells are constructed to imitate natural cells and allow researchers to explore biological process and the origin of life. The construction methods for artificial cells, through both top-down or bottom-up approaches, have achieved great progress over the past decades. Here we present a comprehensive overview on the development of artificial cells and their properties and applications. Artificial cells are derived from lipids, polymers, lipid/polymer hybrids, natural cell membranes, colloidosome, metal-organic frameworks and coacervates. They can be endowed with various functions through the incorporation of proteins and genes on the cell surface or encapsulated inside of the cells. These modulations determine the properties of artificial cells, including producing energy, cell growth, morphology change, division, transmembrane transport, environmental response, motility and chemotaxis. Multiple applications of these artificial cells are discussed here with a focus on therapeutic applications. Artificial cells are used as carriers for materials and information exchange and have been shown to function as targeted delivery systems of personalized drugs. Additionally, artificial cells can function to substitute for cells with impaired function. Enzyme therapy and immunotherapy using artificial cells have been an intense focus of research. Finally, prospects of future development of cell-mimic properties and broader applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Jiang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ziyu Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zheng Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mimi Wan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chun Mao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian Shen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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6
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He Q, Huang W, Yin Y, Li D, Hu Y. A Droplet-Manipulation Method Based on the Magnetic Particle-Stabilized Emulsion and Its Direct Numerical Simulation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:8211-8221. [PMID: 35763702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Droplet manipulation has found broad applications in various engineering fields, such as microfluidic systems. This work reports a droplet-manipulation method based on particle-stabilized emulsions, where the magnetic particles adsorbed to the droplet surface serve as the actuator. The movement and the release of the droplet can be controlled by applying an external magnetic field. A lattice Boltzmann model for a three-phase system containing liquids and solid particles is adopted, which could provide a full coupling between fluids and particles. The effectiveness of the present droplet-manipulation method is validated through experiments and numerical simulations. Furthermore, the numerical simulation can provide insight into the interactions between the magnetic particles and the droplet during the droplet-driven process. To drive the droplet successfully, the magnetic particle needs to adhere to its surface and act as an "engine" to provide the driving force. As it is a surface-tension-dominant problem, the capillary effect can be considered as an "energy transfer station". The magnetic driving force on the particle is transmitted primarily to the droplet through interfacial capillary forces at the three-phase contact line, which assists the droplet in overcoming the viscous resistance and moving forward. A dimensionless number is proposed as a predictor of droplet transport and particle detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weifeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Decai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Hu
- School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
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7
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Recio-Colmenares C, Ortíz-Rios D, Pelayo-Vázquez JB, Moreno-Medrano ED, Arratia-Quijada J, Torres-Lubian JR, Huerta-Marcial ST, Mota-Morales JD, Pérez-García MG. Polystyrene Macroporous Magnetic Nanocomposites Synthesized through Deep Eutectic Solvent-in-Oil High Internal Phase Emulsions and Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles for Oil Sorption. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:21763-21774. [PMID: 35785308 PMCID: PMC9245104 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a nonaqueous one-step method to synthesize polystyrene macroporous magnetic nanocomposites through high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) formulated with the deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of urea:choline chloride (U:ChCl, in a 2:1 molar ratio) as the internal phase and co-stabilized with mixtures of Span 60 surfactant and non-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs). The porous structure and the magnetic and lipophilic properties of the nanocomposite materials were easily tailored by varying the amount of Fe3O4 NPs (0, 2, 5 and 10 wt %) and the surfactant Span 60 (0, 5, 10, and 20 wt %) used in the precursor emulsion. The resultant nanocomposite polyHIPEs exhibit high sorption capacity toward different oils (hexane, gasoline, and vegetable oil) due to their high porosity, interconnectivity, and hydrophobic surface. It was observed that the oil sorption capacity was improved when the amount of surfactant decreased and Fe3O4 NPs increased in HIPE formulation. Therefore, polyHIPE formulated with 5 and 10 wt % Span 60 and Fe3O4 NPs, respectively, showed the highest oil sorption capacities of 4.151, 3.556, and 3.266 g g-1 for gasoline, hexane, and vegetable oil, respectively. In addition, the magnetic monoliths were reused for more than ten sorption/desorption cycles without losing their oil sorption capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Ortíz-Rios
- Centro
Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad
de Guadalajara, Tonalá, Jalisco 45425, México
| | - José B. Pelayo-Vázquez
- Centro
Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad
de Guadalajara, Tonalá, Jalisco 45425, México
| | | | - Jenny Arratia-Quijada
- Centro
Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad
de Guadalajara, Tonalá, Jalisco 45425, México
| | | | - Silvia T. Huerta-Marcial
- Centro
de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, México
| | - Josué D. Mota-Morales
- Centro
de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, México
| | - María G. Pérez-García
- Centro
Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad
de Guadalajara, Tonalá, Jalisco 45425, México
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8
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Wang J, Zhang K, Zhang L, Song Z, Shang S, Liu H, Wang D. Preparation and stabilization of Pickering emulsions by cationic cellulose nanocrystals synthesized from deep eutectic solvent. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1900-1913. [PMID: 35487379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work, short rod-like cationic cellulose nanocrystals (AH-CNCs) were prepared by sodium periodate oxidation combined with deep eutectic solvent method. The effects of different content AH-CNCs on the properties of the emulsion were studied. With the increase of AH-CNCs content, the diameter of emulsion droplets decreased and the stabilization time prolonged. The electrostatic attraction between the negative charge accumulated at the oil-water interface and AH-CNCs with positive charge improved the stability of the emulsion. Then, the rheological properties showed the interaction of nanocellulose in the continuous phase increased the viscosity of the emulsion. In addition, the droplet diameter of emulsion of 120 s was smaller at different ultrasonic time, the particle size distribution of emulsion changed from monodisperse to polydisperse with the increase of oil volume, the salt concentration had little effect on the droplet size of emulsion, and the preparation of emulsion under acidic conditions was more stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Key and Open Lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaitao Zhang
- Fiber and Particle Engineering Research Unit University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Key and Open Lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhanqian Song
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Key and Open Lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shibin Shang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Key and Open Lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - He Liu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Key and Open Lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Key and Open Lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.
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9
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Fresco-Cala B, Cárdenas S. Advanced polymeric solids containing nano- and micro-particles prepared via emulsion-based polymerization approaches. A review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1208:339669. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Khalil M, Haq EA, Dwiranti A, Prasedya ES, Kitamoto Y. Bifunctional folic-conjugated aspartic-modified Fe 3O 4 nanocarriers for efficient targeted anticancer drug delivery. RSC Adv 2022; 12:4961-4971. [PMID: 35425526 PMCID: PMC8981417 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08776b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Functionalization of nanocarriers has been considered the most promising way of ensuring an accurate and targeted drug delivery system. This study reports the synthesis of bifunctional folic-conjugated aspartic-modified Fe3O4 nanocarriers with an excellent ability to deliver doxorubicin (DOX), an anticancer drug, into the intercellular matrix. Here, the presence of amine and carboxylate groups enables aspartic acid (AA) to be used as an efficient anchoring molecule for the conjugation of folic acid (FA) (EDC-NHS coupling) and DOX (electrostatic interaction). Based on the results, surface functionalization showed little effect on the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles but significantly influenced both the loading and release efficiency of DOX. This is primarily caused by the steric hindrance effect due to large and bulky FA molecules. Furthermore, in vitro MTT assay of B16-F1 cell lines revealed that FA conjugation was responsible for a significant increase in the cytotoxicity of DOX-loaded nanocarriers, which was also found to be proportional to AA concentration. This high cytotoxicity resulted from an efficient cellular uptake induced by the over-expressed folate receptors and fast pH triggered DOX release inside the target cell. Here, the lowest IC50 value of DOX-loaded nanocarriers was achieved at 2.814 ± 0.449 μg mL-1. Besides, further investigation also showed that the drug-loaded nanocarriers exhibited less or no toxicity against normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munawar Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia 16424 Depok West Java Indonesia
| | - Ely Arina Haq
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia 16424 Depok West Java Indonesia
| | - Astari Dwiranti
- Department of Biology, Cellular and Molecular Mechanism in Biological System (CEMBIOS) Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia 16424 Depok West Java Indonesia
| | - Eka Sunarwidhi Prasedya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Mataram 83125 Lombok West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram 83125 Lombok West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia
| | - Yoshitaka Kitamoto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
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Koroleva MY, Yurtov EV. Pickering emulsions: properties, structure, using as colloidosomes and stimuli-responsive emulsions. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Bergfreund J, Bertsch P, Fischer P. Effect of the hydrophobic phase on interfacial phenomena of surfactants, proteins, and particles at fluid interfaces. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Zhang H, Chen H, Jiang S, Kang X. A Novel Functional Emulsifier Prepared with Modified Cassava Amylose with Octenyl Succinic Anhydride and Quercetin: Preparation and Application in the Pickering Emulsion. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226884. [PMID: 34833973 PMCID: PMC8620962 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An emulsifier with a targeted antioxidant effect was prepared using the inclusion complexes of octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA)-modified cassava amylose (CA) and quercetin (Q). The designed emulsifier, a carbohydrate polymer-flavonoid complex, exhibited both amphiphilic and antioxidant properties. To investigate the physical and oxidation stabilities of the prepared emulsion, three types of emulsions were prepared: primary emulsions stabilized by enzyme-modified starch, secondary emulsions stabilized by OSA-CA, and tertiary emulsions stabilized by Q-encapsulated complexes (OSA-CA/Q). The structural characteristics of CA, OSA-CA, and OSA-CA/Q were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and small-angle X-ray scattering analysis. The stabilities of the emulsions were evaluated based on their particle size distribution, zeta potential, creaming stability, and peroxide value. The results showed that the secondary and tertiary emulsions exhibited a relatively narrower particle size distribution than the primary emulsions, but the particle size distribution of the tertiary emulsions was the narrowest (10.42 μm). Moreover, the secondary and tertiary emulsions had lower delamination indices than the primary emulsions after 7 days of storage. The results obtained from the antioxidant experiments indicated that OSA-CA/Q exhibited good oxidation stability for application in emulsion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, China;
| | - Haiming Chen
- Maritime Academy, Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, 18 Qingshan Road, Haikou 571126, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province of China, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, China;
- Correspondence: or (H.C.); (X.K.); Tel./Fax: +86-0898-6625-6495 (H.C. & X.K.)
| | - Shan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province of China, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Xiaoning Kang
- Haikou Key Laboratory of Areca Processing and Research, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 14 Xingdan Road, Haikou 571100, China
- Correspondence: or (H.C.); (X.K.); Tel./Fax: +86-0898-6625-6495 (H.C. & X.K.)
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14
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15
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Self-crosslinked admicelle of sodium conjugated linoleate@nano-CaCO3 and its stimuli–response to Ca2+/pH/CO2 triple triggers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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16
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Adilbekova A, Yertayeva A. Pickering emulsions stabilized by some inorganic materials. CHEMICAL BULLETIN OF KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.15328/cb1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper presents studies of various solid stabilizers of emulsions based on inorganic materials. Inorganic colloidal particles have an advantage for obtaining of stable emulsions due to their safety for use in food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical industry and medicine. Pickering emulsions have a higher biodegradability compared to classical emulsions stabilized with surfactants. An overview of inorganic substances such as silicon dioxide, clay materials, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, calcium compounds and carbon particles used for stabilizing of Pickering emulsions is considered. A variety of solid inorganic particles as well as modification of their surfaces by surfactants allows to obtain the stable Pickering emulsions of different types for a wide range of applications. It should be noted that despite a large number of studies, this class of disperse systems is still not studied fully; various methods of their preparation and influence of solid particle size on stability and size of emulsions droplets are shown.
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17
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Lu Q, Gao CY, Choi HJ. Shirasu porous glass membrane processed uniform-sized Fe3O4-embedded polymethylmethacrylate nanoparticles and their tunable rheological response under magnetic field. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Switchable Pickering emulsions stabilized by polystyrene-modified magnetic nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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19
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The influence of carboxylate moieties for efficient loading and pH-controlled release of doxorubicin in Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Kamkar M, Bazazi P, Kannan A, Suja VC, Hejazi SH, Fuller GG, Sundararaj U. Polymeric-nanofluids stabilized emulsions: Interfacial versus bulk rheology. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 576:252-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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21
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Mohammed AA, Atiya MA, Hussein MA. Removal of antibiotic tetracycline using nano-fluid emulsion liquid membrane: Breakage, extraction and stripping studies. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Low LE, Siva SP, Ho YK, Chan ES, Tey BT. Recent advances of characterization techniques for the formation, physical properties and stability of Pickering emulsion. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 277:102117. [PMID: 32035999 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there have been increasing demand for the application of Pickering emulsions in various industries due to its combined advantage in terms of cost, quality and sustainability. This review aims to provide a complete overview of the available methodology for the physical characterization of emulsions that are stabilized by solid particles (known as Pickering emulsion). Current approaches and techniques for the analysis of the formation and properties of the Pickering emulsion were outlined along with the expected results of these methods on the emulsions. Besides, the application of modelling techniques has also been elaborated for the effective characterization of Pickering emulsions. Additionally, approaches to assess the stability of Pickering emulsions against physical deformation such as coalescence and gravitational separation were reviewed. Potential future developments of these characterization techniques were also briefly discussed. This review can act as a guide to researchers to better understand the standard procedures of Pickering emulsion assessment and the advanced methods available to date to study these emulsions, down to the minute details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ee Low
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Sangeetaprivya P Siva
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong Kuen Ho
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eng Seng Chan
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Monash-Industry Palm Oil Education and Research Platform (MIPO), Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Beng Ti Tey
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Xiao Z, Liu Y, Niu Y, Kou X. Cyclodextrin supermolecules as excellent stabilizers for Pickering nanoemulsions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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24
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Silica-based amphiphilic Janus nanofluid with improved interfacial properties for enhanced oil recovery. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Zhu Y, Wang W, Yu H, Wang A. Preparation of porous adsorbent via Pickering emulsion template for water treatment: A review. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 88:217-236. [PMID: 31862064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Porous materials as emerging potential adsorbents have received much more attention because they are capable of capturing various pollutants with fast adsorption rate, high adsorption capacity, good selectivity and excellent reusability. In order to prepare porous materials with decent porous structure, Pickering emulsion template method has been proved to be one of the most effective technologies to create pore structure. This paper reviewed comprehensively the latest research progress on the preparation of porous materials from various Pickering emulsions and their applications in the decontamination of pollutants (e.g., heavy metal ions, organic pollutants) and in the oil/water separation. It was expected that the summaries and discussions in this review will provide insights into the design and fabrication of new efficient porous adsorbents, and also give us a better understanding of the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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26
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Mohammed AA, Atiya MA, Hussein MA. Studies on membrane stability and extraction of ciprofloxacin from aqueous solution using pickering emulsion liquid membrane stabilized by magnetic nano-Fe2O3. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Hussein MA, Mohammed AA, Atiya MA. Application of emulsion and Pickering emulsion liquid membrane technique for wastewater treatment: an overview. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:36184-36204. [PMID: 31776903 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06652-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
According a wide range of relevant literature, the emulsion liquid membrane technique (ELM) is considered an efficient method to separate and recover organic and inorganic contaminants that could otherwise be released into the environment. One important limitation of ELM process concerns the stabilization and de-stabilization of emulsion globules. To address this, over the last few years, a new ELM trend known as the Pickering emulsion liquid membrane (PELM) has been developed. PELM involves nanoparticle concepts to achieve a more stable emulsion for wastewater treatment. In this article, ELM and PELM techniques, preparation methods, characteristics, stabilization methods (i.e., mechanical and ultrasound emulsification), and de-stabilization (i.e., swelling, leakage and coalescence) of the emulsion are reviewed and described. In addition, various parameters that could impact ELM stability, extraction, and recovery, such as emulsification speed and time, surfactant, carrier, internal agent, diluent, stirring speed, internal to membrane ratio, type of organic membrane, and treatment ratio, are also presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maad A Hussein
- Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Ahmed A Mohammed
- Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Markiewicz A, Strömvall AM, Björklund K, Eriksson E. Generation of nano- and micro-sized organic pollutant emulsions in simulated road runoff. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105140. [PMID: 31518940 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of organic pollutants (OPs) are emitted from the road and traffic environment and transported with road runoff to receiving waters. To provide an understanding of the transport routes of OPs in the environment, an investigation was carried out with the aim to determine whether OPs are transported with nano- and microparticles in the form of emulsions. Tests were performed on simulated road runoff, using laboratory prepared mixtures of ultrapure water and specific polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylphenols (APs) and their ethoxylates (APEOs), phthalates, diesel oil (aliphatic hydrocarbons), with and without addition of humic acid (HA) and iron (Fe) colloids. The samples were analysed directly after mixing and after a few days of stabilisation for particle size distribution (PSD) and concentrations of particles in the size range 10 nm-100 μm, and zeta potential > ± 500 mV. Further, after long-term storage to achieve stabilisation, selected samples were investigated for the PSD and particle concentrations in the ranges 10 nm-2 μm, to determine whether stable emulsions had formed. The following simulation mixtures, both mixed and stabilised, were identified as potential emulsions: diesel, APs and APEOs, diesel with APs and APEOS, phthalates, and a mixture of all OPs with and without colloids. Measurements with the Zetasizer and Nanosight instruments imply that the majority of particles in the samples were found in the nano-range of 30-660 nm respectively, and a smaller portion of particles < 28% also measured with Coulter Counter were found to be micro-sized. Higher concentrations of the smallest nanoparticles were found in the mixture of all OPs without colloids added, than in the OP mixture with colloids added. The results indicate that the addition of colloids favours the formation of larger micro-sized emulsions that may break down with time into nano-sized particles. In the mixed samples, the number of micro-sized particles decreased, while the number of nanoparticles increased; this process may also occur in road runoff transportation systems during heavy rain events. This is the first study to indicate that emulsions of OPs may be formed in road runoff, and that emulsions may act as carriers of OPs in urban stormwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Markiewicz
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ann-Margret Strömvall
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Karin Björklund
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Eva Eriksson
- School of Business and Economics, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden.
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29
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Huang F, Liang Y, He Y. On the Pickering emulsions stabilized by calcium carbonate particles with various morphologies. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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30
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Fan Z, Zhang L, Liu S, Luan L, Li G, Sun D. Mechanism of high temperature induced destabilization of nonpolar organoclay suspension. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 555:53-63. [PMID: 31376768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS High temperatures can reduce the colloidal stability and rheological properties of nonpolar organoclay suspensions. The desorption of surfactants from organoclay has been proposed to explain this effect, but the mechanism remains unclear. In this work, it was hypothesized that the high-temperature-induced desorption of ion-exchanged surfactants is the main factor affecting the stabilization of suspensions. EXPERIMENTS Using the cationic surfactant dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride (DODMAC) and Na-montmorillonite (Na-MMT), the high-temperature-induced reestablishment of the adsorption-desorption equilibrium of DODMAC in organoclay suspensions was studied. Thermogravimetric analysis combined with infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry experiments were performed to determine the thermal decomposition products and, ultimately, infer the adsorption modes and locations of DODMAC on Na-MMT. Thermal analysis and rheology were utilized to demonstrate the high-temperature-induced desorption and transfer of DODMAC in organoclay suspensions. FINDINGS High temperatures induced the complete desorption of physically adsorbed DODMAC molecules from particle surfaces, the partial desorption of ion-exchanged dimethyldioctadecylammonium ions (DODMA+ ions) from particle surfaces, and the partial transfer of ion-exchanged DODMA+ ions from the surfaces to the interlayers. Importantly, desorption of ion-exchanged DODMA+ ions resulted in destabilization of the organoclay suspensions at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Fan
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Centre, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China.
| | - Shangying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, PR China
| | - Lingyu Luan
- Shandong Analysis and Test Centre, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China
| | - Gongrang Li
- Drilling Technology Research Institute, Shengli Petroleum Engineering Corporation Limited of SINOPEC, Dongying, Shandong 257017, PR China
| | - Dejun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, PR China.
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31
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Sadeh P, Najafipour I, Gholami M. Adsorption kinetics of halloysite nanotube and modified halloysite at the Palm oil-water interface and Pickering emulsion stabilized by halloysite nanotube and modified halloysite nanotube. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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32
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Mudassir MA, Hussain SZ, Jilani A, Zhang H, Ansari TM, Hussain I. Magnetic Hierarchically Macroporous Emulsion-Templated Poly(acrylic acid)-Iron Oxide Nanocomposite Beads for Water Remediation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:8996-9003. [PMID: 31189312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tainting of waterbodies with noxious industrial waste is the gravest environmental concern of the day that continues to wreak inevitable havoc on human health. To cleanup these hard-to-remove life-threatening water contaminants, we have prepared hierarchically porous poly(acrylic acid) beads by emulsion templating. These emulsion-templated macroporous polymer beads not only mediate the synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles inside their porous network using a coprecipitation approach but, in turn, create diverse anchoring sites to immobilize an additional poly(acrylic acid) active layer onto the nanocomposite beads. These post-synthetically modified nanocomposite beads with macropores and abundant acrylic acid moieties offer the ready mass transfer and fair advantage of relatively higher overall negative charge to efficiently adsorb lead [Pb(II)] and crystal violet with impressive performance-even superior to many of the materials explored in this regard so far. Furthermore, the strong entanglement of nanoparticles in the porous polymeric scaffolds tackles the curb of trade-off between all-round effective remediation and secondary pollution and the millimeter size eases their processing and recovery during the adsorption tests, thereby making these materials practically worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahmad Mudassir
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBA School of Science and Engineering (SBASSE) , Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) , Lahore 54792 , Pakistan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences , Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan 60800 , Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Oxford Street , Liverpool L69 3BX , U.K
| | - Syed Zajif Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBA School of Science and Engineering (SBASSE) , Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) , Lahore 54792 , Pakistan
| | - Asim Jilani
- Center of Nanotechnology , King Abdulaziz University (KAU) , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Oxford Street , Liverpool L69 3BX , U.K
| | - Tariq Mahmood Ansari
- Institute of Chemical Sciences , Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan 60800 , Pakistan
| | - Irshad Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBA School of Science and Engineering (SBASSE) , Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) , Lahore 54792 , Pakistan
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33
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Wang J, Yu M, Yang C. Colloidal TiO2 nanoparticles with near-neutral wettability: An efficient Pickering emulsifier. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Vatanparast H, Eftekhari M, Javadi A, Miller R, Bahramian A. Influence of hydrophilic silica nanoparticles on the adsorption layer properties of non-ionic surfactants at water/heptane interface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 545:242-250. [PMID: 30897419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
There is a notable paucity of studies investigating the impact of charged nanoparticles on the interfacial behavior of nonionic surfactants, assuming that the interactions are negligible in the absence of electrostatic forces. Here, we argue about our observations and the existence of a complex interfacial behavior in such systems depending on the type and chemical structure of surfactant. This study set out to investigate the effects of interactions between hydrophilic silica nanoparticles (NP) and non-ionic surfactants on water/heptane dynamic interfacial properties using drop profile analysis tensiometry (PAT). Three surfactants were studied, namely Triton X-100 (significantly soluble in water phase), C12DMPO (well soluble in both phases) and SPAN 80 (oil-soluble). The different chemical structures and partition coefficients of the surfactants enabled us to cover possible interactions and differentiate between bulk and interfacial interactions. We observed that hydrophilic silica NPs had a negligible effect on the interfacial behavior of Triton X-100, that they increased the surface activity of C12DMPO when both compounds are initially in the aqueous phase. Most interestingly is that the added NPs generated unstable interfacial NP-surfactant complexes and reduced the pseudo-equilibrium interfacial tension of oil-soluble surfactant, Span 80, even though NPs and surfactants were in different bulk phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Vatanparast
- Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Tehran, Iran; IOR Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Milad Eftekhari
- Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliyar Javadi
- Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Tehran, Iran; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Fluid Dynamics, 01318 Dresden, Germany
| | - Reinhard Miller
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, D-14476 Potsdam/Golm, Germany
| | - Alireza Bahramian
- Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Tehran, Iran
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35
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Azhar U, Huo Z, Yaqub R, Xu A, Zhang S, Geng B. Non-crosslinked fluorinated copolymer particles stabilized Pickering high internal phase emulsion for fabrication of porous polymer monoliths. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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36
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Koroleva M, Bidanov D, Yurtov E. Emulsions stabilized with mixed SiO2 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles: mechanisms of stabilization and long-term stability. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:1536-1545. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05292a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Using SiO2 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles as stabilizers makes it possible to obtain Pickering emulsions with long-term stability to coalescence and creaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Koroleva
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology
- Moscow 125047
- Russia
| | - D. Bidanov
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology
- Moscow 125047
- Russia
| | - E. Yurtov
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology
- Moscow 125047
- Russia
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37
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Jo M, Ban C, Goh KK, Choi YJ. Gastrointestinal digestion and stability of submicron-sized emulsions stabilized using waxy maize starch crystals. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Yao X, Liu Z, Ma M, Chao Y, Gao Y, Kong T. Control of Particle Adsorption for Stability of Pickering Emulsions in Microfluidics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1802902. [PMID: 30129255 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Studying the stability of Pickering emulsion is of great interest for applications including catalysis, oil recovery, and cosmetics. Conventional methods emphasize the overall behavior of bulk emulsions and neglect the influence of particle adsorbing dynamics, leading to discrepancies in predicting the shelf-life of Pickering emulsion-based products. By employing a microfluidic method, the particle adsorption is controlled and the stability of the Pickering emulsions is consequently examined. This approach enables us to elucidate the relationship between the particle adsorption dynamics and the stability of Pickering emulsions on droplet-level quantitatively. Using oil/water emulsions stabilized by polystyrene nanoparticles as an example, the diffusion-limited particle adsorption is demonstrated and investigated the stability criteria with respect to particle size, particle concentration, surface chemistry, and ionic strength. This approach offers important insights for application involving Pickering emulsions and provides guidelines to formulate and quantify the Pickering emulsion-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Yao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Zhou Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Mingze Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Youchuang Chao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yongxiang Gao
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Tiantian Kong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
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Xiao M, Xu A, Zhang T, Hong L. Tailoring the Wettability of Colloidal Particles for Pickering Emulsions via Surface Modification and Roughness. Front Chem 2018; 6:225. [PMID: 29971230 PMCID: PMC6018170 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pickering emulsions are water or oil droplets that are stabilized by colloidal particles and have been intensely studied since the late 90s. The surfactant-free nature of these emulsions has little adverse effects such as irritancy and contamination of environment and typically exhibit enhanced stability compared to surfactant-stabilized emulsions. Therefore, they offer promising applications in cosmetics, food science, controlled release, and the manufacturing of microcapsules and porous materials. The wettability of the colloidal particles is the main parameter determining the formation and stability of Pickering emulsions. Tailoring the wettability by surface chemistry or surface roughness offers considerable scope for the design of a variety of hybrid nanoparticles that may serve as novel efficient Pickering emulsion stabilizers. In this review, we will discuss the recent advances in the development of surface modification of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liangzhi Hong
- Department of Polymer Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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40
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Koroleva MY, Bydanov DA, Palamarchuk KV, Yurtov EV. Stabilization of Oil-in-Water Emulsions with SiO2 and Fe3O4 Nanoparticles. COLLOID JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x18030080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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41
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Pickering emulsions stabilized by self-assembled polymeric micelles of coumarin-containing cross-linkable amphiphilic terpolymer. Colloid Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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42
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Yang H, Hou Q, Wang S, Guo D, Hu G, Xu Y, Tai J, Wu X, Yu D, Wang J. Magnetic-responsive switchable emulsions based on Fe3O4@SiO2–NH2 nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10679-10682. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04811h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reversible magnetic control of emulsification and demulsification behavior based on engineered Fe3O4@SiO2–NH2 nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Qingfeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Oilfield Chemistry, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Donghong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Oilfield Chemistry, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Guangxin Hu
- CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Jing Tai
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Xu Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Danfeng Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Jinben Wang
- CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
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43
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Mayer M, Dedovets D, Guari Y, Larionova J, Long J, Causse J. Synthesis of poly(diallyldimethylammonium) capped copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF) nanoparticles: An efficient stabiliser for Pickering emulsions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 505:364-372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.05.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kaptay G. On the Negative Surface Tension of Solutions and on Spontaneous Emulsification. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:10550-10560. [PMID: 28918625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The condition of negative surface tension of a binary regular solution is discussed in this paper using the recently reconfirmed Butler equation (Langmuir 2015, 31, 5796-5804). It is shown that the surface tension becomes negative only for solutions with strong repulsion between the components. This repulsion for negative surface tension should be so strong that this phenomenon appears only within a miscibility gap, that is, in a two-phase region of macroscopic liquid solutions. Thus, for a macroscopic solution, the negative surface tension is possible only in a nonequilibrium state. However, for a nano-solution, negative surface tension is also possible in equilibrium state. It is also shown that nano- and microemulsions can be thermodynamically stable against both coalescence and phase separation. Further, the thermodynamic theory of emulsion stability is developed for a three-component (A-B-C) system with A-rich droplets dispersed in a C-rich matrix, separated by the segregated B-rich layer (the solubility of B is limited in both A and C while the mutual solubility of A and C is neglected). It is shown that when a critical droplet size is achieved by forced emulsification, it is replaced by spontaneous emulsification and the droplet size is reduced further to its equilibrium value. The existence of maximum temperature of emulsion stability is shown. Using low-energy emulsification below this maximum temperature, spontaneous emulsification can appear, which is enhanced with further decrease of temperature. This finding can be applied to interpret the experimental observations on spontaneous emulsification or for the design of stable micro- and nanoemulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kaptay
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Miskolc , Egyetemvaros, Miskolc 3515, Hungary
- MTA-ME Materials Science Research Group , Egyetemvaros, Miskolc 3515, Hungary
- Bay Zoltan Ltd on Applied Research, BAY-ENG , 2 Igloi, Miskolc 3519, Hungary
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45
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Yang Y, Fang Z, Chen X, Zhang W, Xie Y, Chen Y, Liu Z, Yuan W. An Overview of Pickering Emulsions: Solid-Particle Materials, Classification, Morphology, and Applications. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:287. [PMID: 28588490 PMCID: PMC5440583 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pickering emulsion, a kind of emulsion stabilized only by solid particles locating at oil-water interface, has been discovered a century ago, while being extensively studied in recent decades. Substituting solid particles for traditional surfactants, Pickering emulsions are more stable against coalescence and can obtain many useful properties. Besides, they are more biocompatible when solid particles employed are relatively safe in vivo. Pickering emulsions can be applied in a wide range of fields, such as biomedicine, food, fine chemical synthesis, cosmetics, and so on, by properly tuning types and properties of solid emulsifiers. In this article, we give an overview of Pickering emulsions, focusing on some kinds of solid particles commonly serving as emulsifiers, three main types of products from Pickering emulsions, morphology of solid particles and as-prepared materials, as well as applications in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
- Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Weiwang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yangmei Xie
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yinghui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Weien Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
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High temperature stable W/O emulsions prepared with in-situ hydrophobically modified rodlike sepiolite. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 493:378-384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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47
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An Interfacially Active Pd/C Catalyst Enhanced Hydrogenation of Aromatic Compounds in Pickering Emulsion. Catal Letters 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-017-2031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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48
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Tu S, Zhu C, Zhang L, Wang H, Du Q. Pore Structure of Macroporous Polymers Using Polystyrene/Silica Composite Particles as Pickering Stabilizers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:13159-13166. [PMID: 27951712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach for the preparation of interconnected macroporous polymers with a controllable pore structure was reported. The method was based on the polymerization of water-in-oil Pickering high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) stabilized by polystyrene (PS)/silica composite particles. The composite Pickering stabilizers were facilely obtained by mixing positively charged PS microspheres and negatively charged silica nanoparticles, and their amphiphilicity could be delicately tailored by varying the ratio of PS and silica. The droplet size of Pickering HIPEs was characterized using an optical microscope. The pore structure of polymer foams was observed using a scanning electron microscope. The interconnectivity of macroporous polymers was evaluated upon their gas permeability, which was greatly improved after etching PS microspheres included in the Pickering stabilizers with tetrahydrofuran. As a result, fine tailoring of the pore structure of polymer foams could be realized by simply tuning the ratio of PS to silica particles in the composite stabilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Chenxu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Qiangguo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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Liu C, Yuan J, Gao H, Liu C. Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil by immobilized lipase on superparamagnetic Fe3O4 hollow sub-microspheres. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2016.1265948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jinlei Yuan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Huafeng Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chunqiao Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
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50
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Xu C, Hu S, Chen X. Artificial cells: from basic science to applications. MATERIALS TODAY (KIDLINGTON, ENGLAND) 2016; 19:516-532. [PMID: 28077925 PMCID: PMC5222523 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Artificial cells have attracted much attention as substitutes for natural cells. There are many different forms of artificial cells with many different definitions. They can be integral biological cell imitators with cell-like structures and exhibit some of the key characteristics of living cells. Alternatively, they can be engineered materials that only mimic some of the properties of cells, such as surface characteristics, shapes, morphology, or a few specific functions. These artificial cells can have applications in many fields from medicine to environment, and may be useful in constructing the theory of the origin of life. However, even the simplest unicellular organisms are extremely complex and synthesis of living artificial cells from inanimate components seems very daunting. Nevertheless, recent progress in the formulation of artificial cells ranging from simple protocells and synthetic cells to cell-mimic particles, suggests that the construction of living life is now not an unrealistic goal. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the latest developments in the construction and application of artificial cells, as well as highlight the current problems, limitations, challenges and opportunities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Xu
- Department of PET Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Shuo Hu
- Department of PET Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, USA
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