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Zhang Q, Hu S, Jin Z, Wang S, Zhang B, Zhao L. Mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in elderly diabetes mellitus and a systematic review of its clinical application. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1339148. [PMID: 38510656 PMCID: PMC10953506 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1339148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Affected by aging, the elderly diabetes patients have many pathological characteristics different from the young people, including more complications, vascular aging, cognitive impairment, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. This article will explore their pathogenesis and the mechanism of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) intervention, and use the method of systematic review to evaluate the clinical application of TCM in elderly diabetes. Method: Searching for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from January 2000 to November 2023 in the following databases: Web of Science, Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Sinomed, China National Knowledge Internet, Wanfang and VIP. They were evaluated by three subgroups of Traditional Chinese Prescription, Traditional Chinese patent medicines and Traditional Chinese medicine extracts for their common prescriptions, drugs, adverse reactions and the quality of them. Results and Conclusion: TCM has the advantages of multi-target and synergistic treatment in the treatment of elderly diabetes. However, current clinical researches have shortcomings including the inclusion of age criteria and diagnosis of subjects are unclear, imprecise research design, non-standard intervention measures, and its safety needs further exploration. In the future, the diagnosis of elderly people with diabetes needs to be further clarified. Traditional Chinese patent medicines included in the pharmacopoeia can be used to conduct more rigorous RCTs, and then gradually standardize the traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions and traditional Chinese medicine extracts, providing higher level evidence for the treatment of elderly diabetes with traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwan Hu
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zishan Jin
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sicheng Wang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boxun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Alabadi B, Civera M, De la Rosa A, Martinez-Hervas S, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Real JT. Low Muscle Mass Is Associated with Poorer Glycemic Control and Higher Oxidative Stress in Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2023; 15:3167. [PMID: 37513585 PMCID: PMC10383462 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Body composition changes that occur during aging, such as loss of lean mass, are unfavorable at metabolic level and they can explain, in part, the appearance of certain age-associated diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Separately, T2D is associated with an increase in oxidative stress (OS) which negatively affects skeletal muscle. Our aim was to study the differences in clinical and nutritional parameters, disease control, and OS in a cohort of older patients with T2D classified according to the amount of lean mass they had. We included 100 adults older than 65 years with T2D. We found that women with low fat-free mass and muscle mass have worse T2D metabolic control. Moreover, the patients with a low percentile of muscle mass present a high value of OS. The study shows that the presence of low lean mass (LM) in the geriatric population diagnosed with T2D is associated with poorer glycemic control and greater OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Alabadi
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Civera
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrián De la Rosa
- Laboratory of Applied Sciences of Sport and Innovation Research Group (GICED), Unidades Tecnológicas de Santander (UTS), Bucaramanga 680006, Colombia
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio Martinez-Hervas
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Gomez-Cabrera
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José T Real
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Lin G, Wan X, Liu D, Wen Y, Yang C, Zhao C. COL1A1 as a potential new biomarker and therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105436. [PMID: 33497804 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a public health problem with a rising incidence worldwide. In this study, a potential new biomarker for T2D and mechanisms underlying the hypoglycemic effects of Enteromorpha prolifera oligosaccharide were investigated. Tandem mass tag labeling with LC-MS/MS was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between the jejunum of diabetic rats and control rats. Correlations between glycometabolic parameters and DEPs were revealed by a network analysis. The expression levels of target genes in key metabolic pathways were further evaluated to identify candidate biomarkers. Among 6810 total proteins, approximately 88 % were quantified, of which 148 DEPs with a fold change of <0.83 or>1.2 and a corrected p-value of <0.05 were identified. A KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the hypoglycaemic effects of E. prolifera oligosaccharide involved the PI3K/AKT and extracellular matrix receptor interaction signaling pathways. More importantly, Col1a1 was the most significant gene in the extracellular matrix receptor interaction pathway and was linked to hypoglycaemic activity for the first time. Thus, Col1a1 is a novel potential therapeutic target for alleviating T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guopeng Lin
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xuzhi Wan
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuxi Wen
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chengfeng Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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de Medeiros AF, Costa IDS, Piuvezam G, de Medeiros GCBS, Maciel BLL, Morais AHDA. Mechanism of the action of bioactive proteins of vegetables in diabetes mellitus type 2: Systematic review protocol. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17326. [PMID: 31574867 PMCID: PMC6775416 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a chronic disease of significant prevalence causing hyperglycemia and several comorbidities. Evidences highlight the performance of non - protein bioactive compounds found in vegetables in the control of hyperglycemia. This study describes a protocol of a systematic review, which analyzes the action of proteins and bioactive peptides of plants in DM2. METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items guide this protocol for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes Protocols (PRISMA-P) was used. The databases that will be used for searching will be PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Virtual Health Library, Brazil (VHL). Studies that use bioactive proteins and peptides of vegetal origin in DM2 will be included in the systematic review. The studies will be identified using clinical parameters and the effect on insulin resistance. The characteristics of the studies as control groups, test substance, dosage, intervention time, and the main results will be described. Selection of studies, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment will be performed independently by two experienced reviewers. RESULTS This protocol will be the basis for a systematic review identifying the mechanism of action of plant proteins and peptides in type 2 diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION Systematic reviews from this protocol will provide support for the construction of researches that analyze the effect of plant bioactive proteins and peptides on the control of hyperglycemia and how these molecules act in the control of DM2. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019110956.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Grasiela Piuvezam
- Collective Health Postgraduate Program (PPGSCoL), Center for Health Sciences
| | | | - Bruna Leal Lima Maciel
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ana Heloneida de Araújo Morais
- Biochemistry Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Yan X, Wu Y, Zhong F, Jiang Q, Zhou T, Guo Y, Yang X, Liang J, Joshua Liao D, Lan G. iTRAQ and PRM-based quantitative proteomics in T2DM-susceptible and -tolerant models of Bama mini-pig. Gene 2018; 675:119-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Dugbartey GJ. Diabetic nephropathy: A potential savior with 'rotten-egg' smell. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 69:331-339. [PMID: 28183033 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is currently the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Despite optimal management, DN is still a major contributor to morbidity and mortality of diabetic patients worldwide. The major pathological alterations in DN include excessive accumulation and deposition of extracellular matrix, leading to expansion of mesangial matrix, thickening of glomerular basement membrane and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. At the molecular level, accumulating evidence suggests that hyperglycemia or high glucose mediates renal injury in DN via multiple molecular mechanisms such as induction of oxidative stress, upregulation of renal transforming growth factor beta-1 expression, production of proinflammatory cytokines, activation of fibroblasts and renin angiotensin system, and depletion of adenosine triphosphate. Also worrying is the fact that existing therapies only retard the disease progression but do not prevent it. Therefore, there is urgent need to identify novel therapies to target additional disease mechanisms. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the third member of the gasotransmitter family, has recently been identified and demonstrated to possess important therapeutic characteristics that prevent the development and progression of DN in experimental animals by targeting several important molecular pathways, and therefore may represent an alternative or additional therapeutic approach for DN. This review discusses recent experimental findings on the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of H2S against the development and progression of DN and its clinical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Dugbartey
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Zafar MI, Gao F. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine: A Potential New Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. BioDrugs 2016; 30:255-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s40259-016-0177-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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8
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Sen U, Pushpakumar S. Mini-review: diabetic renal complications, a potential stinky remedy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F119-22. [PMID: 26538437 PMCID: PMC4719040 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00299.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is associated with vasculitis and is also an independent risk factor for peripheral vascular and coronary artery disease in diabetic patients. Despite optimal management, a significant number of patients progress toward end-stage renal disease (ESRD), a suggestion that the disease mechanism is far from clear. A reduction in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been suggested to play a vital role in diabetic vascular complications including diabetic nephropathy (DN). This mini-review highlights the recent findings on the role of H2S in mitigating abnormal extracellular matrix metabolism in DN. A discussion on the development of the newer slow-releasing H2S compounds and its therapeutic potential is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Sathnur Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
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Senesi P, Montesano A, Luzi L, Codella R, Benedini S, Terruzzi I. Metformin Treatment Prevents Sedentariness Related Damages in Mice. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:8274689. [PMID: 26697506 PMCID: PMC4677204 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8274689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin (METF), historical antihyperglycemic drug, is a likely candidate for lifespan extension, treatment and prevention of sedentariness damages, insulin resistance, and obesity. Skeletal muscle is a highly adaptable tissue, capable of hypertrophy response to resistance training and of regeneration after damage. Aims of this work were to investigate METF ability to prevent sedentariness damage and to enhance skeletal muscle function. Sedentary 12-week-old C57BL/6 mice were treated with METF (250 mg/kg per day, in drinking water) for 60 days. METF role on skeletal muscle differentiation was studied in vitro using murine C2C12 myoblasts. Muscular performance evaluation revealed that METF enhanced mice physical performance (Estimated VO2max). Biochemical analyses of hepatic and muscular tissues indicated that in liver METF increased AMPK and CAMKII signaling. In contrast, METF inactivated ERKs, the principal kinases involved in hepatic stress. In skeletal muscle, METF activated AKT, key kinase in skeletal muscle mass maintenance. In in vitro studies, METF did not modify the C2C12 proliferation capacity, while it positively influenced the differentiation process and myotube maturation. In conclusion, our novel results suggest that METF has a positive action not only on the promotion of healthy aging but also on the prevention of sedentariness damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Senesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Metabolism Research Center, San Donato Hospital and Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Montesano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Metabolism Research Center, San Donato Hospital and Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Metabolism Research Center, San Donato Hospital and Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Benedini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Metabolism Research Center, San Donato Hospital and Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ileana Terruzzi
- Diabetes Research Institute, Metabolism, Nutrigenomics and Cellular Differentiation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- *Ileana Terruzzi:
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Guo XY, Liu J, Gao Y. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Pathogenesis and incretin based therapies. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:4990-4996. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i31.4990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is considered a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MS). The current treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) principally involves amelioration of MS components by lifestyle modification. Effective pharmacological agents for fatty liver treatment are lacking. Incretins are gut derived hormones secreted into the circulation in response to nutrient ingestion that can enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and represent a new class of drugs for treatment of type 2 diabetes, including glucagon-like peptide 1 analogues and dipeptidyl aminopeptidase 4 inhibitors. There are several experimental and clinical trials exploring the efficacy of incretin based therapies in NAFLD treatment, however, further studies are needed to assess the long-term effect of incretin based therapies on NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nita G Forouhi
- From the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK (PSP; NGF, e-mail: ); the University of Reading, Reading, UK (GGCK); and the Department of Archaeology and Anthropology and the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (TCO)
| | - Gunter Gc Kuhnle
- From the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK (PSP; NGF, e-mail: ); the University of Reading, Reading, UK (GGCK); and the Department of Archaeology and Anthropology and the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (TCO)
| | - Pinal S Patel
- From the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK (PSP; NGF, e-mail: ); the University of Reading, Reading, UK (GGCK); and the Department of Archaeology and Anthropology and the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (TCO)
| | - Tamsin C O'Connell
- From the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK (PSP; NGF, e-mail: ); the University of Reading, Reading, UK (GGCK); and the Department of Archaeology and Anthropology and the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (TCO)
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus J Petzke
- From the German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (e-mail: )
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Gogna N, Krishna M, Oommen AM, Dorai K. Investigating correlations in the altered metabolic profiles of obese and diabetic subjects in a South Indian Asian population using an NMR-based metabolomic approach. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 11:595-606. [PMID: 25464928 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00507d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that obesity/high body mass index (BMI) plays a key role in the evolution of insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the exact mechanism underlying its contribution is still not fully understood. This work focuses on an NMR-based metabolomic investigation of the serum profiles of diabetic, obese South Indian Asian subjects. (1)H 1D and 2D NMR experiments were performed to profile the altered metabolic patterns of obese diabetic subjects and multivariate statistical methods were used to identify metabolites that contributed significantly to the differences in the samples of four different subject groups: diabetic and non-diabetic with low and high BMIs. Our analysis revealed that the T2DM-high BMI group has higher concentrations of saturated fatty acids, certain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, lysine, proline, threonine, valine, glutamine, phenylalanine, histidine), lactic acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, choline, 3,7-dimethyluric acid, pantothenic acid, myoinositol, sorbitol, glycerol, and glucose, as compared to the non-diabetic-low BMI (control) group. Of these 19 identified significant metabolites, the levels of saturated fatty acids, lactate, valine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine are also higher in obese non-diabetic subjects as compared to control subjects, implying that this set of metabolites could be identified as potential biomarkers for the onset of diabetes in subjects with a high BMI. Our work validates the utility of NMR-based metabolomics in conjunction with multivariate statistical analysis to provide insights into the underlying metabolic pathways that are perturbed in diabetic subjects with a high BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Gogna
- Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City Sector 81, Mohali PO Manauli, 140306 Punjab, India.
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Blaslov K, Bulum T, Zibar K, Duvnjak L. Incretin based therapies: A novel treatment approach for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:7356-7365. [PMID: 24966606 PMCID: PMC4064081 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i23.7356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is considered a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MS). The current treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) principally includes amelioration of MS components by lifestyle modifications but the lack of success in their implementation and sustainment arises the need for effective pharmacological agent in fatty liver treatment. Incretins are gut derived hormones secreted into the circulation in response to nutrient ingestion that enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is the most important incretin. Its receptor agonist and inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) are used in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. DPP-4 serum activity and hepatic expression are shown to be elevated in several hepatic diseases. There are several experimental and clinical trials exploring the efficacy of incretin based therapies in NAFLD treatment. They suggest that GLP-1 analogues might have beneficial effect on hepatic steatosis acting as insulin sensitizers and directly by stimulating GLP-1 receptors expressed on hepatocytes. The use of DPP-4 inhibitors also results in hepatic fat reduction but the mechanism of action remains unclear. There is growing evidence that incretin based therapies have beneficial effects on hepatocytes, however further study analysis are needed to assess the long term effect of incretin based therapies on NAFLD.
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Differential proteomic analysis of the pancreas of diabetic db/db mice reveals the proteins involved in the development of complications of diabetes mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:9579-93. [PMID: 24886809 PMCID: PMC4100111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15069579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin-resistance. Diabetes results from pancreatic inability to secrete the insulin needed to overcome this resistance. We analyzed the protein profile from the pancreas of ten-week old diabetic db/db and wild type mice through proteomics. Pancreatic proteins were separated in two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and significant changes in db/db mice respect to wild type mice were observed in 27 proteins. Twenty five proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) and their interactions were analyzed using search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins (STRING) and database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery (DAVID). Some of these proteins were Pancreatic α-amylase, Cytochrome b5, Lithostathine-1, Lithostathine-2, Chymotrypsinogen B, Peroxiredoxin-4, Aspartyl aminopeptidase, Endoplasmin, and others, which are involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins, as well as in oxidative stress, and inflammation. Remarkably, these are mostly endoplasmic reticulum proteins related to peptidase activity, i.e., they are involved in proteolysis, glucose catabolism and in the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. These results suggest mechanisms for insulin resistance, and the chronic inflammatory state observed in diabetes.
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