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Zhang Y, Cao B, Yin H, Meng L, Jin W, Wang F, Xu J, Al-Tabbaa A. Application of zeolites in permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) for in-situ groundwater remediation: A critical review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136290. [PMID: 36058373 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Permeable reactive barrier (PRB) is one of the most promising in-situ groundwater remediation technologies due to its low costs and wide immobilization suitability for multiple contaminants. Reactive medium is a key component of PRBs and their selection needs to consider removal effectiveness as well as permeability. Zeolites have been extensively reported as reactive media owing to their high adsorption capacity, diverse pore structure and high stability. Moreover, the application of zeolites can reduce the PRBs fouling and clogging compared to reductants like zero-valence iron (ZVI) due to no formation of secondary precipitates, such as iron monosulfide, in spite of their reactivity to remove organics. This study gives a detailed review of lab-scale applications of zeolites in PRBs in terms of sorption characteristics, mechanisms, column performance and desorption features, as well as their field-scale applications to point out their application tendency in PRBs for contaminated groundwater remediation. On this basis, future prospects and suggestions for using zeolites in PRBs for groundwater remediation were put forward. This study provides a comprehensive and critical review of the lab-scale and field-scale applications of zeolites in PRBs and is expected to guide the future design and applications of adsorbents-based PRBs for groundwater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Benyi Cao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
| | - Hailong Yin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Lite Meng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Wei Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing, 210042, China.
| | - Abir Al-Tabbaa
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom.
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Obiri-Nyarko F, Kwiatkowska-Malina J, Kumahor SK, Malina G. Evaluating low-cost permeable adsorptive barriers for the removal of benzene from groundwater: Laboratory experiments and numerical modelling. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 250:104054. [PMID: 35952492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Permeable adsorptive barriers (PABs) consisting of individual (compost, zeolite, and brown coal) and composite (brown coal-compost and zeolite-compost) adsorbents were evaluated for their hydraulic performance and effectiveness in removing aqueous benzene using batch and column experiments. Different adsorption isotherms and kinetic models and different formulations of the equilibrium advection-dispersion equation (ADE) were evaluated for their capabilities to describe the benzene sorption in the media. The batch experiments showed that the adsorption of benzene by the adsorbents was favourable and could be adequately described by the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Particle attrition and structural reorganization occurred in the columns, possibly introducing preferential flow paths and resulting in slight changes in the final hydraulic conductivity values (4.3 × 10-5 cm s-1-1.7 × 10-3 cm s-1) relative to the initial values (4.2 × 10-5 cm s-1-2.14 × 10-3 cm s-1). Despite the fact that preferential flow appeared to have an impact on the performance of the investigated adsorbents, the brown coal-compost mixture proved to be the most effective adsorbent. It significantly delayed benzene breakthrough (R = 29), indicating that it can be applied as a low-cost effective adsorbent in PABs for sustainable remediation of benzene-contaminated groundwater. The formulated transport models could fairly describe the behaviour of benzene in the investigated media under dynamic flow conditions; however, model refinement and additional experimental studies are needed before pilot/full-scale applications to improve the fits and verify the benzene removal processes. Our results generally demonstrate how such studies can be useful in evaluating potential reactive barrier materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jolanta Kwiatkowska-Malina
- Department of Spatial Planning and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography, Warsaw University of Technology, Pl Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Grzegorz Malina
- Department of Hydrogeology and Engineering, Geology AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
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Mayacela-Rojas CM, Molinari A, Cortina JL, Gibert O, Ayora C, Tavolaro A, Rivera-Velásquez MF, Fallico C. Removal of Transition Metals from Contaminated Aquifers by PRB Technology: Performance Comparison among Reactive Materials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6075. [PMID: 34199945 PMCID: PMC8200199 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The most common reactive material used for the construction of a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) is zero valent iron (ZVI), however, its processing can generate corrosive effects that reduce the efficiency of the barrier. The present study makes a major contribution to understanding new reactive materials as natural and synthetic, easy to obtain, economical and environmentally friendly as possible substitutes for the traditional ZHV to be used as filters in the removal of three transition metals (Zn, Cu, Cd). To assess the ability to remove these pollutants, a series of batch and column tests were carried out at laboratory scale with these materials. Through BACH tests, four of seven substances with a removal percentage higher than 99% were prioritized (cabuya, natural clinoptilolite zeolites, sodium mordenite and mordenite). From this group of substances, column tests were performed where it is evidenced that cabuya fiber presents the lowest absorption time (≈189 h) while natural zeolite mordenite shows the highest time (≈833 h). The latter being the best option for the PRB design. The experimental values were also reproduced by the RETRASO code; through this program, the trend between the observed and simulated values with respect to the best reactive substance was corroborated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Molinari
- Department of Civil Engineering, Università della Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (A.M.); (C.F.)
| | - José Luis Cortina
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC-BarcelonaTECH, C/Eduard Maristany, 10–14 Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; (J.L.C.); (O.G.)
| | - Oriol Gibert
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC-BarcelonaTECH, C/Eduard Maristany, 10–14 Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; (J.L.C.); (O.G.)
| | - Carlos Ayora
- Departament de Geociències, Institut de Diagnosi Ambiental i Estudis de l’Aigua (IDÆA-CSIC), c/Jordi Girona 18 UPC Campus Norte, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Adalgisa Tavolaro
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council (C.N.R.-I.T.M.), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - María Fernanda Rivera-Velásquez
- Alternative Energies and Environment Research Group, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Panamericana Sur km 1 1/2, Riobamba 060101, Ecuador;
| | - Carmine Fallico
- Department of Civil Engineering, Università della Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (A.M.); (C.F.)
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Vinati A, Rene ER, Pakshirajan K, Behera SK. Activated red mud as a permeable reactive barrier material for fluoride removal from groundwater: parameter optimisation and physico-chemical characterisation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:3375-3386. [PMID: 31002580 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1609591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this work is to test the performance of red mud as a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) material for fluoride removal from water. Batch experiments were carried out to optimise the fluoride removal efficiency (RE) of activated red mud (ARM) based on four selected parameters, namely, the initial fluoride concentration (3-40 mg/L), adsorbent dose (0.5-5 g/L), pH (3.0-11.0) and ionic strength (0.001-0.5 M). Statistical analysis of the results revealed the optimum conditions as initial fluoride concentration -21.46 mg/L, adsorbent dose -2.77 g/L, pH 7.01 and ionic strength -0.24 M, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, fluoride RE of 87.3% was achieved. The individual effects due to initial fluoride concentration, adsorbent dose and ionic strength on fluoride removal were highly significant (F = 59.69; P < 0.005); whereas adsorbent dose, pH and ionic strength showed the greatest squared effects (F = 26.05; P < 0.001). The interaction effect due to initial fluoride concentration and adsorbent dose was also found to be significant (F = 12.52; P = 0.002) for fluoride removal. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed to identify the change in functional group and surface topography following red mud activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayi Vinati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam, India
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Kannan Pakshirajan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Shishir Kumar Behera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam, India
- Industrial Ecology Research group, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Maamoun I, Eljamal O, Falyouna O, Eljamal R, Sugihara Y. Multi-objective optimization of permeable reactive barrier design for Cr(VI) removal from groundwater. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 200:110773. [PMID: 32464445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to develop a practical approach for the optimal permeable reactive barrier (PRB) design towards Cr(VI) removal from groundwater. Batch and column experiments were performed to investigate the characteristics of the four proposed reactive materials; nanoscale zero-valent iron (Fe0), bimetallic nanoscale zero-valent iron (Fe0/Cu), activated carbon (AC) and sand/zeolite mixture (S/Z). Kinetic analysis and dynamic modeling of the experimental data were implemented to determine the controlling conditions of the reactive performance of the PRB's materials. The sensitivity index of the design parameters was examined as an indicator of their effect on the reactive responses. Moreover, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was considered for optimizing the design variables of the PRB based on the practical factorial analysis. Results revealed that Fe0 and Fe0/Cu showed high performance in Cr(VI) removal, with a slight superiority to Fe0, with final removal efficiency values of 89.7 and 84.1%, respectively. Kinetic analysis depicted that pseudo second order was the best fitting model for Cr(VI) removal in the four materials' cases. ANOVA statistical analysis revealed that quadratic polynomial model was the best model, corresponding to the highest correlation efficiency and adequate precision, to describe the relationships in the four PRB's cases between the selected dependent variables; resident time (tR), reactive material mass per sectional area of contaminant plume (M/A) and reactive material cost (CostPRB) towards the independent parameters; barrier thickness (b) and permeability (Kr). Additionally, sensitivity analysis has been conducted which depicted the high sensitivity, in the four PRB's cases, of average pore water velocity within the barrier (vr) vr and Kr with the highest and the second-highest sensitivity index (SI) values towards tR, respectively. The RSM-optimization revealed that Fe0 is the most feasible reactive material, comparing to the other considered materials, with respect to the optimal conditions regarding the long residency (tR = 22 days) and low cost (b = 0.521 m), with around 95.2% desirability of its optimal solution. Overall, the current study represents a significant contribution and a vital step towards an accurate PRB's design based on previously determined optimal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Maamoun
- Environmental Fluid Science, Department of Earth System Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Osama Eljamal
- Environmental Fluid Science, Department of Earth System Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan.
| | - Omar Falyouna
- Environmental Fluid Science, Department of Earth System Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Ramadan Eljamal
- Environmental Fluid Science, Department of Earth System Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Yuji Sugihara
- Environmental Fluid Science, Department of Earth System Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
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Obiri-Nyarko F, Kwiatkowska-Malina J, Malina G, Wołowiec K. Assessment of zeolite and compost-zeolite mixture as permeable reactive materials for the removal of lead from a model acidic groundwater. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2020; 229:103597. [PMID: 31883738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2019.103597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Column experiments were performed to assess the effectiveness of zeolite and compost-zeolite mixture in removing dissolved lead (Pb2+) from acidic water of pH 2.4. The acid neutralizing ability and hydraulic performance of the materials were also studied. Fitting the advection-dispersion equation (ADE) and mathematical models (i.e. the Dose-Response, Adams-Bohart, and Yoon-Nelson models) to the Pb2+ experimental breakthrough curves (BTCs) was also performed. The compost-zeolite mixture proved to be better than zeolite alone both: in removing Pb2+ and in buffering the acidic pH. The maximum adsorption capacity, qo obtained for zeolite was 0.097 mg/g and 0.151 mg/g for the compost-zeolite mixture, respectively. Lead removal was attributed to ion exchange and adsorption. Observed Pb2+ BTCs demonstrated sorption-related nonequilibrium effects in the columns. The hydraulic conductivity of zeolite decreased by 2% and by 28.8% in the case of compost-zeolite mixture at the end of the experiment. The entire experimental BTC of Pb2+ was well described by the Dose-Response model while the Adams-Bohart model was better in describing only the initial part of the lead BTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jolanta Kwiatkowska-Malina
- Department of Spatial Planning and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography, Warsaw University of Technology, Pl Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Malina
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Wołowiec
- Przedsiębiorstwo Geologiczne Sp. z o.o., Ul. Hauke Bosaka 3A, Kielce, Poland.
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Pietrzak D, Wątor K, Pękała D, Wójcik J, Chochorek A, Kmiecik E, Kania J. LC-MS/MS method validation for determination of selected neonicotinoids in groundwater for the purpose of a column experiment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2019; 54:424-431. [PMID: 30821594 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1574173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The work was carried out to develop and validate a method based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous detection and quantification of five neonicotinoid insecticides: acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam in groundwater samples for the purpose of a further column experiment. This experiment will be used to analyze breakthrough curves of neonicotinoids under a saturated water flow to set transport parameters, where the reliability of the results of chemical analysis plays an important role. The validation was performed in a concentration range from 0.09 µg L-1 to 100 µg L-1 using an Infinity 1290 (Agilent, USA) chromatograph coupled with a QTrap 5500 mass spectrometer (Sciex, Canada). The calibration curves were obtained on the basis of the results of six standard solution analyses. Linearity was not lower than 0.998. The limit of detection was set at the lowest concentration which can be determined with an acceptable accuracy and precision. All pesticides had recoveries in the range 85-109% with relative standard deviation values less than 8.1%. The estimated measurement uncertainty did not exceed 30%, so the LC-MS/MS method fits for the intended purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Pietrzak
- a AGH University of Science and Technology , Kraków , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wątor
- a AGH University of Science and Technology , Kraków , Poland
| | | | | | | | - Ewa Kmiecik
- a AGH University of Science and Technology , Kraków , Poland
| | - Jarosław Kania
- a AGH University of Science and Technology , Kraków , Poland
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Nanoscopic Zero-Valent Iron Supported on MgO for Lead Removal from Waters. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Meng R, Chen T, Zhang Y, Lu W, Liu Y, Lu T, Liu Y, Wang H. Development, modification, and application of low-cost and available biochar derived from corn straw for the removal of vanadium(v) from aqueous solution and real contaminated groundwater. RSC Adv 2018; 8:21480-21494. [PMID: 35539926 PMCID: PMC9080952 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02172d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a low-cost and available material for use as a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) to prevent vanadium in groundwater from leaking into river water was developed. Three modified biochars were prepared from available corn straw pretreated with CsCl, Zn(ii), and Zr(iv) to enhance ion exchange capacity (IEC) and specific surface area, and were designated as Cs-BC, Zn-BC, and Zr-BC, respectively. These materials were characterized via IEC, N2 adsorption–desorption, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The Langmuir isotherm model could be applied for the best fit for the adsorption data of Cs-BC and Zr-BC, indicating that vanadium(v) sorption occurred in a monolayer. The vanadium(v) adsorption capacities of Cs-BC, Zn-BC, and Zr-BC were 41.07, 28.46, and 23.84 mg g−1, respectively, which were 3.22–5.55 times higher than that of commercial activated carbon (AC) (7.40 mg g−1), probably because of their higher IECs and specific surface areas after modification. In addition, no heavy metal leaching was found from the modified biochars during the adsorption processes when pH > 2. According to the FTIR and XRD patterns, the adsorption mechanism of Cs-BC and Zr-BC was ion exchange, whereas for Zn-BC, it was mainly surface precipitation and electrostatic attraction. The adsorption of vanadium(v) onto the modified biochars was independent of pH in the range of 4.0 to 8.0. Furthermore, the removal efficiency of the vanadium(v) in real contaminated groundwater from the catchment of the Chaobei River by Zn-BC reached 100% at a dose of 4 g L−1. Hence, modified biochars are promising PRB filling materials for removing vanadium(v) from contaminated groundwater. In this work, a low-cost and available material for use as a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) to prevent vanadium in groundwater from leaking into river water was developed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihong Meng
- School of Environment
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety
| | - Tan Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Minzu University of China
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- School of Environment
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety
| | - Yanting Liu
- School of Environment
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety
| | - Tianchu Lu
- CECEP Clean Technology Development Co., Ltd
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- School of Environment
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety
| | - Hongtao Wang
- School of Environment
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety
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Dong J, Li B, Bao Q. In situ reactive zone with modified Mg(OH) 2 for remediation of heavy metal polluted groundwater: Immobilization and interaction of Cr(III), Pb(II) and Cd(II). JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2017; 199:50-57. [PMID: 28342548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mg(OH)2 dissolves slowly and can provide a long-term source of alkalinity, thus a promising alternative reagent for the in situ remediation of heavy metal polluted groundwater. However, the application of Mg(OH)2 on in situ reactive zone (IRZ) for heavy metal polluted groundwater has never been investigated. In this study, the behaviors of heavy metals in a Mg(OH)2 IRZ were monitored for 45d. The heavy metals show a sequential precipitation by modified Mg(OH)2 due to the difference of Ksp. Column tests were conducted to investigate the temporal and spatial distribution of heavy metals in Mg(OH)2 IRZ and evaluate the stabilization effect for multi-heavy metal polluted groundwater. Experimental results indicate that there exist interactions between different heavy metals, and their zoning distribution is attributed either to the competitive adsorption onto porous media (control column) or to the sequential precipitation of heavy metal ions (IRZ column). In contrast with the control column, heavy metal contaminated area in Mg(OH)2 IRZ significantly shrinks. According to the chemical speciation analysis, when water containing Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) flows through Mg(OH)2 IRZ, exchangeable fraction of total concentration significantly reduce and the proportion of carbonate and Fe/Mn oxides fraction increase, indicating the decrease of their mobility and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dong
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Qiburi Bao
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China.
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