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Han L, Wu L, Yin Q, Li L, Zheng X, Du S, Huang X, Bai L, Wang Y, Bian Y. A promising therapy for fatty liver disease: PCSK9 inhibitors. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155505. [PMID: 38547616 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty liver disease (FLD) poses a significant global health concern worldwide, with its classification into nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) contingent upon the presence or absence of chronic and excessive alcohol consumption. The absence of specific therapeutic interventions tailored to FLD at various stages of the disease renders its treatment exceptionally arduous. Despite the fact that FLD and hyperlipidemia are intimately associated, there is still debate over how lipid-lowering medications affect FLD. Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/ Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a serine protease predominantly synthesized in the liver, which has a crucial impact on cholesterol homeostasis. Research has confirmed that PCSK9 inhibitors have prominent lipid-lowering properties and substantial clinical effectiveness, thereby justifying the need for additional exploration of their potential role in FLD. PURPOSE Through a comprehensive literature search, this review is to identify the relationship and related mechanisms between PCSK9, lipid metabolism and FLD. Additionally, it will assess the pharmacological mechanism and applicability of PCSK9 inhibitors (including naturally occurring PCSK9 inhibitors, such as conventional herbal medicines) for the treatment of FLD and serve as a guide for updating the treatment protocol for such conditions. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted using several electronic databases, including Pubmed, Medline, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang database and ClinicalTrials.gov, from the inception of the database to 30 Jan 2024. Key words used in the literature search were "fatty liver", "hepatic steatosis", "PCSK9", "traditional Chinese medicine", "herb medicine", "botanical medicine", "clinical trial", "vivo", "vitro", linked with AND/OR. Most of the included studies were within five years. RESULTS PCSK9 participates in the regulation of circulating lipids via both LDLR dependent and independent pathways, and there is a potential association with de novo lipogenesis. Major clinical studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between circulating PCSK9 levels and the severity of NAFLD, with elevated levels of circulating PCSK9 observed in individuals exposed to chronic alcohol. Numerous studies have demonstrated the potential of PCSK9 inhibitors to ameliorate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), potentially completely alleviate liver steatosis, and diminish liver impairment. In animal experiments, PCSK9 inhibitors have exhibited efficacy in alleviating alcoholic induced liver lipid accumulation and hepatitis. Traditional Chinese medicine such as berberine, curcumin, resveratrol, piceatannol, sauchinone, lupin, quercetin, salidroside, ginkgolide, tanshinone, lunasin, Capsella bursa-pastoris, gypenosides, and Morus alba leaves are the main natural PCS9 inhibitors. Excitingly, by inhibiting transcription, reducing secretion, direct targeting and other pathways, traditional Chinese medicine exert inhibitory effects on PCSK9, thereby exerting potential FLD therapeutic effects. CONCLUSION PCSK9 plays an important role in the development of FLD, and PCSK9 inhibitors have demonstrated beneficial effects on lipid regulation and FLD in both preclinical and clinical studies. In addition, some traditional Chinese medicines have improved the disease progression of FLD by inhibiting PCSK9 and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Consequently, the inhibition of PCSK9 appears to be a promising therapeutic strategy for FLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Liuyun Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Qinan Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xingyue Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Shan Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Lan Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Yuan Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
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Fan X, Qin P, Hao Y, Guo H, Blecker C, Everaert N, Ren G. Overexpression of Soybean-Derived Lunasin in Wheat and Assessment of Its Anti-Proliferative Activity in Colorectal Cancer HT-29 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249594. [PMID: 33339363 PMCID: PMC7767187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lunasin is a soybean-derived peptide that exhibits anticancer bioactivity in different cancer cells and has been identified in different plants. However, recent studies revealed through molecular and chemical analyses that lunasin was absent in wheat and other cereals. In this study, the soybean-derived lunasin was cloned into pCAMBIA3300 and we transferred the expression vector into wheat via an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The identification of transgenic wheat was detected by polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that lunasin content in transgenic wheat L32-3, L32-6, and L33-1 was 308.63, 436.78, and 349.07 µg/g, respectively, while lunasin was not detected in wild-type wheat. Lunasin enrichment from transgenic wheat displayed an increased anti-proliferative activity compared with peptide enrichment from wild-type wheat in HT-29 cells. Moreover, the results of a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed a significant elevation in p21, Bax, and caspase-3 expression, while Bcl-2 was significantly downregulated. In conclusion, soybean-derived lunasin was successfully expressed in wheat via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and may exert anti-proliferative activity by regulating the apoptosis pathway in HT-29 cells, which provides an effective approach to compensate for the absence of lunasin in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fan
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China; (X.F.); (P.Q.); (Y.H.); (H.G.)
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (C.B.); (N.E.)
| | - Peiyou Qin
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China; (X.F.); (P.Q.); (Y.H.); (H.G.)
| | - Yuqiong Hao
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China; (X.F.); (P.Q.); (Y.H.); (H.G.)
| | - Huimin Guo
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China; (X.F.); (P.Q.); (Y.H.); (H.G.)
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (C.B.); (N.E.)
| | - Christophe Blecker
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (C.B.); (N.E.)
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (C.B.); (N.E.)
| | - Guixing Ren
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China; (X.F.); (P.Q.); (Y.H.); (H.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6211-5596; Fax: +86-10-6215-6596
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Bosi S, Fiori J, Dinelli G, Rigby N, Leoncini E, Prata C, Bregola V, Marotti I, Gotti R, Naldi M, Massaccesi L, Malaguti M, Kroon P, Hrelia S. Isolation and Characterization of Wheat Derived Nonspecific Lipid Transfer Protein 2 (nsLTP2). J Food Sci 2018; 83:1516-1521. [PMID: 29786849 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies support the protective role of bioactive peptides against cardiovascular diseases. Cereals represent the primary source of carbohydrates, but they also contain substantial amounts of proteins, therefore representing a potential dietary source of bioactive peptides with nutraceutical activities. The analysis of wheat extracts purified by chromatographic techniques by means of HPLC-UV/nanoLC-nanoESI-QTOF allowed the identification of a signal of about 7 kDa which, following data base searches, was ascribed to a nonspecific lipid-transfer protein (nsLTP) type 2 from Triticum aestivum (sequence coverage of 92%). For the first time nsLTP2 biological activities have been investigated. In particular, in experiments with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), nsLTP2 displayed antioxidant and cytoprotective activities, being able to significantly decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and to reduce lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, generated following oxidative (hydrogen peroxide) and inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, and lipopolysaccharide) stimulation. The obtained promising results suggest potential protective role of nsLTP2 in vascular diseases prevention. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: nsLTP 2 peptide is resistant to proteases throughout the gastrointestinal tract and exerts antioxidant and cytoprotective activities. These characteristics could be exploited in vascular diseases prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bosi
- Dept. of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Univ. of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jessica Fiori
- Dept. of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum Univ. of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Dinelli
- Dept. of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Univ. of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Neil Rigby
- Food & Health Programme, Inst. of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Emanuela Leoncini
- Dept. for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum Univ. of Bologna, Corso D'Augusto 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Cecilia Prata
- Dept. of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum Univ. of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Bregola
- Dept. of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Univ. of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marotti
- Dept. of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Univ. of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Gotti
- Dept. of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum Univ. of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina Naldi
- Dept. of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum Univ. of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Massaccesi
- Dept. for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum Univ. of Bologna, Corso D'Augusto 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Marco Malaguti
- Dept. for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum Univ. of Bologna, Corso D'Augusto 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Paul Kroon
- Food & Health Programme, Inst. of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Dept. for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum Univ. of Bologna, Corso D'Augusto 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy.,Center for Applied Biomedical Research (C.R.B.A.), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
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Hsieh CC, Martínez-Villaluenga C, de Lumen BO, Hernández-Ledesma B. Updating the research on the chemopreventive and therapeutic role of the peptide lunasin. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:2070-2079. [PMID: 28990666 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diseases have become the medical challenge of the 21st century because of their high incidence and mortality rates. Modulation of diet and lifestyle habits is considered as the best strategy for the prevention of these disorders. Health promoting benefits beyond their nutritional effects have been described for multiple dietary compounds. Among these compounds, the peptide lunasin is considered as one of the most promising. Naturally present in soybean, lunasin has been extensively studied in the last two decades because of its potential against chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular and immunological disorders. The purpose of this article is to summarise the evidence on the presence of lunasin in soybean and derived foods, and its bioavailability once it is orally ingested. The protective and therapeutic effects of this peptide against cancer, oxidative stress, inflammation, and high cholesterol levels as well as the molecular mechanisms of action involved in these effects are also described in this review. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chien Hsieh
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies (Nutritional Science & Education), National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Ben O de Lumen
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Blanca Hernández-Ledesma
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Zhu F. Triticale: Nutritional composition and food uses. Food Chem 2017; 241:468-479. [PMID: 28958555 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack), a man-made cereal from wheat and rye hybridization, is mainly used as animal feed. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in utilising triticale for food production. Some chemical constituents (e.g., starch and non-starch polysaccharides) of triticale as well as the genetic variability in nutritional composition have been much studied. Various food and beverage products of triticale have been developed, including bakery products (e.g., bread and cookie), pasta, malt, spirit, yoghurt, and biodegradable and edible films. Focusing on the literatures from the last 5years, this mini-review summarises the recent advances in the nutritional composition and diverse food uses of triticale. There is a wide variation in the chemical composition of triticale, which suggests the potential of triticale asa cereal alternative for various food and beverage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Aleksis R, Jaudzems K, Muceniece R, Liepinsh E. Lunasin is a redox sensitive intrinsically disordered peptide with two transiently populated α-helical regions. Peptides 2016; 85:56-62. [PMID: 27639324 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Lunasin is a 43 amino acid peptide with anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cholesterol-lowering properties. Although the mechanism of action of lunasin has been characterized to some extent, its exact three-dimensional structure as well as the function of the N-terminal sequence remains unknown. We established a novel method for the production of recombinant lunasin that allows efficient isotope labeling for NMR studies. Initial studies showed that lunasin can exist in a reduced or oxidized state with an intramolecular disulfide bond depending on solution conditions. The structure of both forms of the peptide at pH 3.5 and 6.5 was characterized by CD spectroscopy and multidimensional NMR methods. The data indicate that lunasin belongs to the class of intrinsically disordered proteins. The analysis of secondary structure propensities indicates the presence of two helical regions and an extended (beta strand) conformation at the C-terminus. We hypothesize that the transient secondary structure elements could be stabilized upon interaction with the histones H3 and H4. The newly discovered redox properties of lunasin could explain its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihards Aleksis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Kristaps Jaudzems
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Ruta Muceniece
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd, Riga, LV-1586, Latvia
| | - Edvards Liepinsh
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia.
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Alaswad AA, Krishnan HB. Immunological Investigation for the Presence of Lunasin, a Chemopreventive Soybean Peptide, in the Seeds of Diverse Plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2901-9. [PMID: 27015324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lunasin, a 44 amino acid soybean bioactive peptide, exhibits anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. All soybean varieties that have been examined contain lunasin. It has also been reported in a few other plant species including amaranth, black nightshade, wheat, barley, rye, and triticale. Interestingly, detailed searches of transcriptome and DNA sequence databases of cereals failed to identify lunasin-coding sequences, raising questions about the authenticity of lunasin in cereals. To clarify the presence or absence of lunasin in cereals and other plant species, an immunological investigation was conducted utilizing polyclonal antibodies raised against the first 20 amino acid N-terminal peptide (SKWQHQQDSCRKQLQGVNLT) and a 15 amino acid C-terminal peptide (CEKHIMEKIQGRGDD) of lunasin. Protein blot analyses revealed the presence of proteins from several plants that reacted against the lunasin N-terminal peptide antibodies. However, the same proteins failed to react against the lunasin C-terminal peptide antibodies. These results demonstrate that peptides identical to soybean lunasin are absent in seeds of diverse plants examined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A Alaswad
- Plant Science Division, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- King Abdul Aziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hari B Krishnan
- Plant Science Division, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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Chňapek M, Siman D, Gálová Z. Lunasin detection in coloured wheat genotype. POTRAVINARSTVO 2016. [DOI: 10.5219/533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lunasin is a biologically active protein, composed of 43 amino acid residues. There has been proven many health-promoting effects of lunasin peptide. The most important health benefits include: anti-hypertension, antioxidant activity, cancer prevention or therapy. It was also demonstrated anti-inflammation, hypocholesterolemic activity, anti-obesity and immunomodulation. The focus of our research is to summarize the discovery, characterization and biological activities of lunasin, which will provide a reference for the future development and utilization of lunasin, and a basis for exploring the underlying mechanisms of these health-beneficial functions. Lunasin was first isolated in 1987 at Niigata University School of Medicine in Japan, during the screening of protease inhibitors from soybean seeds. It was subsequently found in other beans, grains and herbal plants, including wheat, barley, rye, triticale. Concentration of lunasin is ranging from 0.013 to 70.5 mg protein lunasin/g of protein. Big step forward in the understanding of the lunasine operating mechanism in the fight against cancer has arisen after study on cloning of the soybean lunasin gene and subsequent transfection into mammalian cells which led to the discovery that the lunasin gene can disrupt mitosis and induce chromosome breakage, ultimately leading to cell apoptosis. The main goal of our work was to evaluate collection of wheat with unusual grain colour for presence of lunasin gene. DNA was extracted by commercial kit and lunasin gene was detected by PCR reaction. Our results showed presence of lunasin gene detected by 3 combinations of 2 sets of primer pair and indicated lunasin peptide presence in cereal grains. These findings are necessary to confirmed by proteome analysis.
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McConnell EJ, Devapatla B, Yaddanapudi K, Davis KR. The soybean-derived peptide lunasin inhibits non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation by suppressing phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein. Oncotarget 2016; 6:4649-62. [PMID: 25609198 PMCID: PMC4467105 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lunasin, a soybean bioactive peptide, has both chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities. The aim of this study was to determine the chemotherapeutic potential of lunasin against human lung cancer. Treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells with highly purified soybean-derived lunasin caused limited, cell-line specific anti-proliferative effects on anchorage-dependent growth whereas two normal bronchial epithelial cell lines were unaffected. Lunasin's antiproliferative effects were potentiated upon utilization of anchorage-independent conditions. Furthermore, NSCLC cell lines that were unaffected by lunasin in anchorage-dependent assays exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition in colony formation or colony size. Mouse xenograft studies revealed that 30 mg lunasin/kg body weight per day decreased NSCLC H1299 tumor volume by 63.0% at day 32. Mechanistic studies using cultured NSCLC H661 cells showed that lunasin inhibited cell cycle progression at the G1/S phase interface without inducing apoptosis. Immunoblot analyses of key cell-cycle proteins demonstrated that lunasin altered the expression of the G1 specific cyclin-dependent kinase complex components, increased levels of p27Kip1, reduced levels of phosphorylated Akt, and ultimately inhibited the sequential phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (RB). These results establish for the first time that lunasin can inhibit NSCLC proliferation by suppressing cell-cycle dependent phosphorylation of RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J McConnell
- Owensboro Cancer Research Program, Mitchell Memorial Cancer Center, Owensboro, Kentucky, USA
| | - Bharat Devapatla
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kavitha Yaddanapudi
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Keith R Davis
- Owensboro Cancer Research Program, Mitchell Memorial Cancer Center, Owensboro, Kentucky, USA.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Lule VK, Garg S, Pophaly SD, Hitesh, Tomar SK. "Potential health benefits of lunasin: a multifaceted soy-derived bioactive peptide". J Food Sci 2015; 80:R485-94. [PMID: 25627564 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are small protein fragments derived from enzymatic hydrolysis of food proteins, fermentation with proteolytic starter cultures, and gastrointestinal digestion. These peptides have positive impacts on a number of physiological functions in living beings. Lunasin, a soy-derived bioactive peptide, is one of the most promising among them. Lunasin encoded within 2S albumin (GM2S-1) gene, identified as a novel peptide extracted from soybean seed. It is composed of 43 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 5.5 kDa. Extensive scientific studies have shown that lunasin possesses inherent antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancerous properties and could also play a vital role in regulating of cholesterol biosynthesis in the body. Its high bioavailability and heat stable nature allow its potential use as dietary supplement. The present review summarizes some of the potential health and therapeutic benefits of lunasin reported hitherto.
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Ortiz-Martinez M, Winkler R, García-Lara S. Preventive and therapeutic potential of peptides from cereals against cancer. J Proteomics 2014; 111:165-83. [PMID: 24727098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that regular consumption of food based on whole-grain cereals and their products is associated with reduced risks of various types of degenerative chronic diseases. Food proteins are considered an important source of nutraceutical peptides and amino acids that can exert biological functions to promote health and prevent disease, including cancer. There have been several reports on peptides with anti-tumour activity in recent years. Plant-derived peptides, such as rapeseed, amaranth and soybean lunasin have received main attention. In this review, we extend this vision to analyse the evidence of current advances in peptides in cereals such as wheat, maize, rice, barley, rye and pseudocereals compared with soybean. We also show evidence of several mechanisms through which bioactive peptide exerts anti-tumour activity. Finally, we report the current status of major strategies for the fractionation, isolation and characterisation of bioactive peptides in cereals. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In recent reports, it has been shown that peptides are an interesting alternative in the search for new treatments for cancer. One of the most studied sources of these peptides is food proteins; however, a review that includes more recent findings for cereals as a potential source of bioactive peptides in the treatment of cancer, the techniques for their isolation and characterisation and the assays used to prove their bioactivity is not available. This review can be used as a tool in the search for new sources of anti-cancer peptides. The authors have no conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Winkler
- Dep. of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, CINVESTAV Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato Gto., Mexico
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Rasheed A, Xia X, Yan Y, Appels R, Mahmood T, He Z. Wheat seed storage proteins: Advances in molecular genetics, diversity and breeding applications. J Cereal Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Dinelli G, Bregola V, Bosi S, Fiori J, Gotti R, Simonetti E, Trozzi C, Leoncini E, Prata C, Massaccesi L, Malaguti M, Quinn R, Hrelia S. Lunasin in wheat: a chemical and molecular study on its presence or absence. Food Chem 2014; 151:520-5. [PMID: 24423565 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lunasin is a peptide whose anticancer properties are widely reported. Originally isolated from soybean seeds, lunasin was also found in cereal (wheat, rye, barley and Triticale), Solanum and amaranthus seeds. However, it was recently reported that searches of transcript and DNA sequence databases for wheat and other cereals failed to identify sequences with similarity to those encoding the lunasin peptide in soy. In order to clarify the presence or absence of lunasin in wheat varieties, a broad investigation based on chemical (LC-ESI-MS) and molecular (PCR) analyses was conducted. Both approaches pointed out the absence of lunasin in the investigated wheat genotypes; in particular no compounds with a molecular weight similar to that of lunasin standard and no lunasin-related sequences were found in the analysed wheat samples. These findings confirm the hypothesis, reported in recent researches, that lunasin is not a wheat-derived peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Dinelli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Valeria Bregola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Bosi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jessica Fiori
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Gotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Emanuela Leoncini
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Corso D'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Cecilia Prata
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Massaccesi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Corso D'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Marco Malaguti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Corso D'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Robert Quinn
- Kamut International, 333 Kamut Lane, Big Sandy, MT 59520, USA
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Corso D'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
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