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Khairullah AR, Moses IB, Kusala MKJ, Tyasningsih W, Ayuti SR, Rantam FA, Fauziah I, Silaen OSM, Puspitasari Y, Aryaloka S, Raharjo HM, Hasib A, Yanestria SM, Nurhidayah N. Unveiling insights into bovine tuberculosis: A comprehensive review. Open Vet J 2024; 14:1330-1344. [PMID: 39055751 PMCID: PMC11268907 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i6.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The frequent zoonotic disease known as "bovine tuberculosis" is brought on by the Mycobacterium bovis bacteria, which can infect both people and animals. The aim of this review article is to provide an explanation of the etiology, history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, transmission, risk factors, public health importance, economic impact, treatment, and control of bovine tuberculosis. Primarily, bovine tuberculosis affects cattle, but other animals may also be affected. Bovine tuberculosis is present throughout the world, with the exception of Antarctica. Cattle that contract bovine tuberculosis might suffer from a persistent, crippling illness. In the early stages of the disease, there are no symptoms. The tuberculin test is the primary method for detecting bovine tuberculosis in cows. Depending on its localized site in the infected animal, M. bovis can be found in respiratory secretions, milk, urine, feces, vaginal secretions, semen, feces, and exudates from lesions (such as lymph node drainage and some skin lesions). This illness generally lowers cattle productivity and could have a negative financial impact on the livestock business, particularly the dairy industry. The most effective first-line anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy consists of isoniazid, ethambutol, rifampin, and streptomycin. Second-line drugs used against bovine tuberculosis include ethionamide, capreomycin, thioacetazone, and cycloserine. To successfully control and eradicate bovine tuberculosis, developed nations have implemented routine testing and culling of infected animals under national mandatory programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Rafif Khairullah
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | | | - Wiwiek Tyasningsih
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Siti Rani Ayuti
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Fedik Abdul Rantam
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ima Fauziah
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Otto Sahat Martua Silaen
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yulianna Puspitasari
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Suhita Aryaloka
- Master Program of Veterinary Agribusiness, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hartanto Mulyo Raharjo
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Abdullah Hasib
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
| | | | - Nanis Nurhidayah
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
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Swisher SD, Taetzsch SJ, Laughlin ME, Walker WL, Langer AJ, Thacker TC, Rinsky JL, Lehman KA, Taffe A, Burton N, Bravo DM, McDonald E, Brown CM, Pieracci EG. Outbreak of Mycobacterium orygis in a Shipment of Cynomolgus Macaques Imported from Southeast Asia - United States, February-May 2023. MMWR. MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT 2024; 73:145-148. [PMID: 38386802 PMCID: PMC10899076 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7307a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Nonhuman primates (NHP) can become infected with the same species of Mycobacteria that cause human tuberculosis. All NHP imported into the United States are quarantined and screened for tuberculosis; no confirmed cases of tuberculosis were diagnosed among NHP during CDC-mandated quarantine during 2013-2020. In February 2023, an outbreak of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium orygis was detected in a group of 540 cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) imported to the United States from Southeast Asia for research purposes. Although the initial exposure to M. orygis is believed to have occurred before the macaques arrived in the United States, infected macaques were first detected during CDC-mandated quarantine. CDC collaborated with the importer and U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Veterinary Services Laboratories in the investigation and public health response. A total of 26 macaques received positive test results for M. orygis by culture, but rigorous occupational safety protocols implemented during transport and at the quarantine facility prevented cases among caretakers in the United States. Although the zoonotic disease risk to the general population remains low, this outbreak underscores the importance of CDC's regulatory oversight of NHP importation and adherence to established biosafety protocols to protect the health of the United States research animal population and the persons who interact with them.
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Karthik K, Subramanian S, Vinoli Priyadharshini M, Jawahar A, Anbazhagan S, Kathiravan RS, Thomas P, Babu RPA, Gopalan Tirumurugaan K, Raj GD. Whole genome sequencing and comparative genomics of Mycobacterium orygis isolated from different animal hosts to identify specific diagnostic markers. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1302393. [PMID: 38188626 PMCID: PMC10770871 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1302393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mycobacterium orygis, a member of MTBC has been identified in higher numbers in the recent years from animals of South Asia. Comparative genomics of this important zoonotic pathogen is not available which can provide data on the molecular difference between other MTBC members. Hence, the present study was carried out to isolate, whole genome sequence M. orygis from different animal species (cattle, buffalo and deer) and to identify molecular marker for the differentiation of M. orygis from other MTBC members. Methods Isolation and whole genome sequencing of M. orygis was carried out for 9 samples (4 cattle, 4 deer and 1 buffalo) died due to tuberculosis. Comparative genomics employing 53 genomes (44 from database and 9 newly sequenced) was performed to identify SNPs, spoligotype, pangenome structure, and region of difference. Results M. orygis was isolated from water buffalo and sambar deer which is the first of its kind report worldwide. Comparative pangenomics of all M. orygis strains worldwide (n= 53) showed a closed pangenome structure which is also reported for the first time. Pairwise SNP between TANUVAS_2, TANUVAS_4, TANUVAS_5, TANUVAS_7 and NIRTAH144 was less than 15 indicating that the same M. orygis strain may be the cause for infection. Region of difference prediction showed absence of RD7, RD8, RD9, RD10, RD12, RD301, RD315 in all the M. orygis analyzed. SNPs in virulence gene, PE35 was found to be unique to M. orygis which can be used as marker for identification. Conclusion The present study is yet another supportive evidence that M. orygis is more prevalent among animals in South Asia and the zoonotic potential of this organism needs to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Udumalpet, India
| | - Saraswathi Subramanian
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Chennai, India
| | - Michael Vinoli Priyadharshini
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Chennai, India
| | - Ayyaru Jawahar
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Chennai, India
| | - Subbaiyan Anbazhagan
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ramaiyan Selvaraju Kathiravan
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Chennai, India
| | - Prasad Thomas
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- India Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramasamy Parthiban Aravindh Babu
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Chennai, India
| | - Krishnaswamy Gopalan Tirumurugaan
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Chennai, India
| | - Gopal Dhinakar Raj
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Chennai, India
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