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Alhamdan MM, Knowles JC, McDonald AV. In Vitro Evaluation of Remineralization Potential of Five Toothpastes on Soft Drink-Eroded Human Enamel and Dentine. Cureus 2024; 16:e62921. [PMID: 38912082 PMCID: PMC11193552 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the potential remineralization of enamel and dentine erosion lesions after the application of five different toothpastes. METHODOLOGY A total of 104 enamel and dentine samples were prepared from maxillary third molars. Each group was divided according to the toothpaste application mode (topical = 56; brushing = 48) and the toothpaste used seven topical groups and six brushing groups (n = 8). The groups included negative control (NC), positive control (PC), Sensodyne Pronamel (SP), Regenerate (R), Regenerate with boosting serum (R+), Colgate Duraphat 5000 (CD), and tooth mousse (TM). RESULTS The statistical analysis showed significant surface microhardness (SMH) change. All enamel groups showed a significant decrease in SMH compared to NC for both application modes. However, no significance was recorded between test groups. Similar results were observed between dentine groups and their relevant controls for both application modes, except brushed R and R+ groups, which were insignificant to their NC. For topical groups, TM showed a significant increase in SMH. While R and R+ showed lower loss than SP and CD. CONCLUSIONS All tested agents offered a degree of remineralization in both enamel and dentine with no significant difference between agents in enamel groups while R, R+, and TM offered better results in dentine groups. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE For dentine groups, similar findings were observed with superior tooth surface protection with the application of TM over other agents. Tooth surface remineralization was achieved when agents were either applied topically or brushed over the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Alhamdan
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, University College London, London, GBR
| | - Ailbhe V McDonald
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University College London, London, GBR
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Dobrota CT, Florea AD, Racz CP, Tomoaia G, Soritau O, Avram A, Benea HRC, Rosoiu CL, Mocanu A, Riga S, Kun AZ, Tomoaia-Cotisel M. Dynamics of Dental Enamel Surface Remineralization under the Action of Toothpastes with Substituted Hydroxyapatite and Birch Extract. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2038. [PMID: 38730845 PMCID: PMC11084803 DOI: 10.3390/ma17092038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
To address tooth enamel demineralization resulting from factors such as acid erosion, abrasion, and chronic illness treatments, it is important to develop effective daily dental care products promoting enamel preservation and surface remineralization. This study focused on formulating four toothpastes, each containing calcined synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAP) in distinct compositions, each at 4%, along with 1.3% birch extract. Substitution elements were introduced within the HAP structure to enhance enamel remineralization. The efficacy of each toothpaste formulation was evaluated for repairing enamel and for establishing the dynamic of the remineralization. This was performed by using an in vitro assessment of artificially demineralized enamel slices. The structural HAP features explored by XRD and enamel surface quality by AFM revealed notable restorative properties of these toothpastes. Topographic images and the self-assembly of HAP nanoparticles into thin films on enamel surfaces showcased the formulations' effectiveness. Surface roughness was evaluated through statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA followed by post-test Bonferroni's multiple comparison test with a p value < 0.05 significance setting. Remarkably, enamel nanostructure normalization was observed within a short 10-day period of toothpaste treatment. Optimal remineralization for all toothpastes was reached after about 30 days of treatment. These toothpastes containing birch extract also have a dual function of mineralizing enamel while simultaneously promoting enamel health and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Teodora Dobrota
- Research Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos St., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.T.D.); (A.-D.F.); (C.-P.R.); (A.A.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (A.-Z.K.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeş-Bolyai University, 44 Republicii St., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Alexandra-Diana Florea
- Research Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos St., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.T.D.); (A.-D.F.); (C.-P.R.); (A.A.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (A.-Z.K.)
| | - Csaba-Pal Racz
- Research Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos St., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.T.D.); (A.-D.F.); (C.-P.R.); (A.A.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (A.-Z.K.)
| | - Gheorghe Tomoaia
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 47 General Traian Mosoiu St., 400132 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.T.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov St., 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Olga Soritau
- Oncology Institute of Cluj-Napoca, 34-36 Republicii St., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Alexandra Avram
- Research Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos St., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.T.D.); (A.-D.F.); (C.-P.R.); (A.A.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (A.-Z.K.)
| | - Horea-Rares-Ciprian Benea
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 47 General Traian Mosoiu St., 400132 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.T.)
| | - Cristina Lavinia Rosoiu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeş-Bolyai University, 44 Republicii St., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Aurora Mocanu
- Research Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos St., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.T.D.); (A.-D.F.); (C.-P.R.); (A.A.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (A.-Z.K.)
| | - Sorin Riga
- Research Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos St., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.T.D.); (A.-D.F.); (C.-P.R.); (A.A.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (A.-Z.K.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov St., 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Attila-Zsolt Kun
- Research Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos St., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.T.D.); (A.-D.F.); (C.-P.R.); (A.A.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (A.-Z.K.)
| | - Maria Tomoaia-Cotisel
- Research Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos St., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.T.D.); (A.-D.F.); (C.-P.R.); (A.A.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (A.-Z.K.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov St., 050044 Bucharest, Romania
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Akküç S, Duruk G, Keleş A. Remineralization effect of three different agents on initial caries and erosive lesions: a micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy analysis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:106. [PMID: 36797742 PMCID: PMC9936636 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the remineralization efficiency of Sensodyne Promine containing Sodium flouride (NaF), GC Tooth Mousse containing CPP-ACP, and Agarta herbal toothpaste on initial caries and erosion using micro-computed tomography (CT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). METHODS Forty-five third-molar teeth for micro-CT were divided into three main groups after initial scans (T1) were completed. Artificial caries lesions were created with the demineralization cycle (group 1, n = 15) and artificial erosion lesions were created with orange juice (group 2, n = 15) and Cola (group 3, n = 15), and second scans (T2) were performed. The groups were divided into three subgroups within themselves. Sensodyne Promine toothpaste (subgroup 1a, 2a, 3a), GC Tooth Mousse topical cream (subgroup 1b, 2b, 3b), and Agarta herbal toothpaste (subgroup 1c, 2c, 3c) were applied using soft-tipped brushes for 2 min, twice per day for 15 days, and then a third scan (T3) was performed. Mineral density, surface area, and lesion volume and depth were calculated using micro-CT. Changes in the surface morphology of the teeth were examined using SEM in 13 samples representing each group, subgroup, and healthy enamel. In the analysis of the data obtained from the scans performed at three different times (T1, T2, T3), one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the post-hoc Tukey test, repeated measures ANOVA with the post-hoc Bonferroni test, and paired sample t-test analyses were used. RESULTS All three agents caused a statistically significant increase in mineral density, and a decrease in surface area and lesion volume and depth (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in remineralization efficiency (p > 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between the groups regarding the mineral density of the tissue that increased after remineralization (NaF > CPP-ACP > He; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The remineralization efficacy of herbal toothpaste as an alternative to NaF and CPP-ACP was found to be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Akküç
- grid.411650.70000 0001 0024 1937Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Gülsüm Duruk
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Ali Keleş
- grid.411049.90000 0004 0574 2310Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Butera A, Maiorani C, Gallo S, Pascadopoli M, Quintini M, Lelli M, Tarterini F, Foltran I, Scribante A. Biomimetic Action of Zinc Hydroxyapatite on Remineralization of Enamel and Dentin: A Review. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8010071. [PMID: 36810402 PMCID: PMC9944842 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic zinc-carbonate hydroxyapatite technology was developed to realize materials that mimic the natural hydroxyapatite of enamel and dentin and possess good activity in terms of affinity to adhere to these biological tissues. The chemical and physical characteristics of this active ingredient allows the hydroxyapatite itself to be particularly similar to dental hydroxyapatite, enhancing the bond between biomimetic hydroxyapatite and dental hydroxyapatite. The aim of this review is to assess the efficacy of this technology in terms of benefits for enamel and dentin and reduction of dental hypersensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search (Pubmed/MEDLINE and Scopus) of articles from 2003 to 2023 was conducted to analyze studies focused on the use of zinc-hydroxyapatite products. Duplicates were eliminated from the 5065 articles found, leaving 2076 articles. Of these, 30 articles were analyzed based on the use of products with zinc-carbonate hydroxyapatite in these studies. RESULTS 30 articles were included. Most of the studies showed benefits in terms of remineralization and prevention of enamel demineralization in terms of occlusion of the dentinal tubules and reduction of dentinal hypersensitivity. CONCLUSION Oral care products such as toothpaste and mouthwash with biomimetic zinc-carbonate hydroxyapatite were shown to provide benefits according to the aims of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Butera
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Carolina Maiorani
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Simone Gallo
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pascadopoli
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Martina Quintini
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Lelli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tarterini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ismaela Foltran
- Incos-Cosmeceutica Industriale, Funo di Argelato, 40050 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Scribante
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Kranz S, Heyder M, Mueller S, Guellmar A, Krafft C, Nietzsche S, Tschirpke C, Herold V, Sigusch B, Reise M. Remineralization of Artificially Demineralized Human Enamel and Dentin Samples by Zinc-Carbonate Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7173. [PMID: 36295240 PMCID: PMC9610234 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Decalcified enamel and dentin surfaces can be regenerated with non-fluoride-containing biomimetic systems. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a zinc carbonate-hydroxyapatite-containing dentifrice on artificially demineralized enamel and dentin surfaces. (2) Methods: Human enamel and dentin discs were prepared and subjected to surface demineralization with 30% orthophosphoric acid for 60 s. Subsequently, in the test group (n = 20), the discs were treated three times a day for 3 min with a zinc carbonate-hydroxyapatite-containing toothpaste (biorepair®). Afterwards, all samples were gently rinsed with PBS (5 s) and stored in artificial saliva until next use. Samples from the control group (n = 20) received no dentifrice-treatment and were stored in artificial saliva, exclusively. After 15 days of daily treatment, specimens were subjected to Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray micro-analysis (EDX), white-light interferometry, and profilometry. (3) Results: Raman spectroscopy and white-light interferometry revealed no significant differences compared to the untreated controls. EDX analysis showed calcium phosphate and silicon dioxide precipitations on treated dentin samples. In addition, treated dentin surfaces showed significant reduced roughness values. (4) Conclusions: Treatment with biorepair® did not affect enamel surfaces as proposed. Minor mineral precipitation and a reduction in surface roughness were detected among dentin surfaces only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kranz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Heyder
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephan Mueller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - André Guellmar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Krafft
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sandor Nietzsche
- Center of Electron Microscopy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Caroline Tschirpke
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Volker Herold
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Bernd Sigusch
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Reise
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Vitiello F, Tosco V, Monterubbianesi R, Orilisi G, Gatto ML, Sparabombe S, Memé L, Mengucci P, Putignano A, Orsini G. Remineralization Efficacy of Four Remineralizing Agents on Artificial Enamel Lesions: SEM-EDS Investigation. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15134398. [PMID: 35806523 PMCID: PMC9267358 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dental remineralization represents the process of depositing calcium and phosphate ions into crystal voids in demineralized enamel, producing net mineral gain and preventing early enamel lesions progression. The aim of the present study was to qualitatively and quantitatively compare the remineralizing effectiveness of four commercially available agents on enamel artificial lesions using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) combined with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. Thirty-six extracted third molars were collected and randomly assigned to six groups (n = 6), five of which were suspended in demineralizing solution for 72 h to create enamel artificial lesions, and one serving as control: G1, treated with a mousse of casein phosphopeptide and amorphous calcium−phosphate (CPP-ACP); G2, treated with a gel containing nano-hydroxyapatite; G3, treated with a 5% SF varnish; G4, treated with a toothpaste containing ACP functionalized with fluoride and carbonate-coated with citrate; G5, not-treated artificial enamel lesions; G6, not demineralized and not treated sound enamel. G1−G4 were subjected to pH cycling over a period of seven days. Analyses of the specimens’ enamel surfaces morphology were performed by SEM and EDS. Data were statistically analyzed for multiple group comparison by one-way ANOVA/Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). The results show that the Ca/P ratio of the G5 (2.00 ± 0.07) was statistically different (p < 0.05) from G1 (1.73 ± 0.05), G2 (1.76 ± 0.01), G3 (1.88 ± 0.06) and G6 (1.74 ± 0.04), while there were no differences (p > 0.05) between G1, G2 and G6 and between G4 (2.01 ± 0.06) and G5. We concluded that G1 and G2 showed better surface remineralization than G3 and G4, after 7 days of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Vitiello
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (F.V.); (V.T.); (R.M.); (G.O.); (S.S.); (L.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Tosco
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (F.V.); (V.T.); (R.M.); (G.O.); (S.S.); (L.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Riccardo Monterubbianesi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (F.V.); (V.T.); (R.M.); (G.O.); (S.S.); (L.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Giulia Orilisi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (F.V.); (V.T.); (R.M.); (G.O.); (S.S.); (L.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Maria Laura Gatto
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning (SIMAU) & UdR INSTM, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Scilla Sparabombe
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (F.V.); (V.T.); (R.M.); (G.O.); (S.S.); (L.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Lucia Memé
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (F.V.); (V.T.); (R.M.); (G.O.); (S.S.); (L.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Paolo Mengucci
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning (SIMAU) & UdR INSTM, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Angelo Putignano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (F.V.); (V.T.); (R.M.); (G.O.); (S.S.); (L.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Giovanna Orsini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (F.V.); (V.T.); (R.M.); (G.O.); (S.S.); (L.M.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Bilge K, Kılıç V. Effects of different remineralizing agents on color stability and surface characteristics of the teeth following vital bleaching. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:2206-2218. [PMID: 33852758 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of various remineralizing agents on the color stability and surface characteristics of the teeth after vital bleaching. The extracted 96 human incisors were used for the study. Initially, the samples were randomly divided into two groups and exposed to in-office and at-home bleaching agents. Then, the groups were divided into six subgroups (n = 8), including the control group did not undergo remineralization after bleaching, according to five remineralizing agents (Gelato APF Gel, Remin Pro, Tooth Mousse, MI Paste Plus, Curodont Protect). Surface roughness was assessed at baseline, after bleaching and remineralization procedures. Color measurements of the samples were obtained at baseline, after bleaching and then after immersion in the staining solution following remineralization process. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyzes were carried out in order to examine the morphological changes on the surface of the enamel. The independent t-test, paired-samples t-test, and one-way ANOVA was used to compare the data and post-hoc LSD test to compare the difference among the study groups (α = .05). Surface roughness increased following in-office and at-home bleaching in all groups, and reduced after application of remineralizing agents in all groups. Significant differences were found among the groups with respect to changes in surface roughness and color values following treatment with remineralizing agents (p <.05). AFM analyses revealed increased surface roughness after bleaching and a reduction of rough surfaces following treatment with remineralizing agents. Remineralizing agents can be used to reduce postbleaching increase in surface roughness and to maintain color stability after bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Bilge
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Vahti Kılıç
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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8
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Manno SHC, Manno FAM, Tian L, Khan MS, Ahmed I, Liu Y, Li VWT, Xu S, Xie F, Hung TF, Ma V, Cho W, Aldape B, Cheng SH, Lau C. Spectroscopic and microscopic examination of teeth exposed to green tea at different temperatures. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244542. [PMID: 33378409 PMCID: PMC7773275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea is a popular beverage consumed at different temperatures. The effect of tea on teeth at different temperatures has not been studied previously. The present study used an in vitro green tea immersed tooth model at different tea temperatures (hot and cold) compared to an in vivo tea administration model allowing rats to drink tea over the course of a week. The elements present in tea leaves were identified by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and compared to the elements in teeth (enamel surface) using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). Here, LIBS demonstrated in vivo and in vitro green tea treatments resulted in a significant increase in the mineral elements found in enamel. For the in vitro assessment, elements in enamel varied based on cold-tea and hot-tea treatment; however, hot water reduced the elements in enamel. Atomic force microscopy found the in vivo tea group had a higher roughness average (RA) compared with the in vivo water group. Cold tea and hot tea in vitro groups demonstrated lower RA than in vitro water controls. Scanning electron microscopy found hot water induced cracks more than 1.3μm in enamel while cold tea and hot tea promoted the adhering of extrinsic matter to teeth. Overall, teeth treated to high temperature lost the mineral phase leading to demineralization. Our results indicate that green tea protects enamel, but its protective action in dental structures is enhanced at cold temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinai H. C. Manno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Francis A. M. Manno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Muhammad S. Khan
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Irfan Ahmed
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Yuanchao Liu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vincent W. T. Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shisan Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fangjing Xie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tak Fu Hung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Victor Ma
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - William Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Beatriz Aldape
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Portal de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Shuk Han Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Condon Lau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Ozan G, Sar Sancakli H, Yucel T. Effect of black tea and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors on eroded dentin in situ. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:834-842. [PMID: 32196821 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of this in situ study was to evaluate the surface properties of eroded dentin specimens activated with three different matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors (chlorhexidine [CHX], fluoride, green tea), black tea, and water. One hundred eighty dentin samples were prepared from extracted third molars and then samples divided into six groups. Ten volunteers were carried three specimens of each group, on acrylic palatal appliances, which were fabricated exactly for them (n = 3). Erosive cycles were done by immersing appliances in cup containing Cola and was followed by rinsing with test solutions. Microhardness values were measured. Surface properties were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Lowest change in microhardness was shown in fluoride group whereas negative control group (water) had the highest change. There were no statistically significant differences among surface roughness changes (p > .05). The least change in microhardness was seen in the fluoride group (13.05 ± 8.07), while the control group showed the highest change (33.80 ± 12.42) and was statistically significant when compared to other groups (p < .05). Besides lowest depth, values were shown in fluoride group as well. AFM evaluations showed macromolecular deposits on surfaces of fluoride, CHX, and black tea groups. No superior results were detected in CHX + fluoride group and black tea showed similar surface characteristics as green tea. Mouthrinses containing not only green tea but also black tea could be beneficial for patients with exposed dentin surfaces. Catechines and theaflavins in teas could be useful for improving surface quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunce Ozan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Sar Sancakli
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Taner Yucel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Al Asmari D, Khan MK. Evaluate Efficacy of Desensitizing Toothpaste Containing Zinc-carbonate Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals: Non-comparative Eight-week Clinical Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2020; 9:566-570. [PMID: 32039076 PMCID: PMC6905321 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_261_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of desensitizing toothpaste in reducing the dentine hypersensitivity (DH). Materials and Methods: The study was a before and after clinical trial conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a desensitizing toothpaste containing zinc-carbonate hydroxyapatite nanocrystals (Zn-CHA) for controlling DH. The trial involved 72 patients with DH who were evaluated four and eight weeks after using Zn-CHA toothpaste. The sensitivity was assessed by airblast method using Schiff Sensitivity Scale. Results: Repeated measures analysis of variance test was used to compare baseline score with fourth and eighth week. Statistically significant differences were observed between sensitivity scores at baseline and those at four- and eight-week intervals (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The results suggested that the use of Zn-CHA nanocrystals dentifrice might become an effective therapy to reduce DH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhafer Al Asmari
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraidah, Kingdom Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad K Khan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraidah, Kingdom Saudi Arabia
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11
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Carrouel F, Viennot S, Ottolenghi L, Gaillard C, Bourgeois D. Nanoparticles as Anti-Microbial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Remineralizing Agents in Oral Care Cosmetics: A Review of the Current Situation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E140. [PMID: 31941021 PMCID: PMC7022934 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Many investigations have pointed out widespread use of medical nanosystems in various domains of dentistry such as prevention, prognosis, care, tissue regeneration, and restoration. The progress of oral medicine nanosystems for individual prophylaxis is significant for ensuring bacterial symbiosis and high-quality oral health. Nanomaterials in oral cosmetics are used in toothpaste and other mouthwash to improve oral healthcare performance. These processes cover nanoparticles and nanoparticle-based materials, especially domains of application related to biofilm management in cariology and periodontology. Likewise, nanoparticles have been integrated in diverse cosmetic produces for the care of enamel remineralization and dental hypersensitivity. This review summarizes the indications and applications of several widely employed nanoparticles in oral cosmetics, and describes the potential clinical implementation of nanoparticles as anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and remineralizing agents in the prevention of dental caries, hypersensitivity, and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Carrouel
- Laboratory “Systemic Health Care”, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EA4129, 69008 Lyon, France; (S.V.); (D.B.)
| | - Stephane Viennot
- Laboratory “Systemic Health Care”, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EA4129, 69008 Lyon, France; (S.V.); (D.B.)
| | - Livia Ottolenghi
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cedric Gaillard
- Institut national de Recherche en Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Recherche 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages (BIA), 44316 Nantes, France;
| | - Denis Bourgeois
- Laboratory “Systemic Health Care”, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EA4129, 69008 Lyon, France; (S.V.); (D.B.)
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Moghaddam ET, Tafazoli A. Cola Beverages: Clinical Uses versus Adverse Effects. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401313666170821130225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Excessive consumption of cola beverages is accompanied by numerous public health risks. But besides these well-known adverse effects, recently, several medical articles have been published that show some indications for cola beverages in clinical practice like resolution of gastrointestinal or feeding tube obstructions, increasing bioavailability and palatability of other medications, rehydration and other uses in healthcare settings. These approaches are not without shortcomings and complications.Methods:In this systematic review we tried to explore these new uses for practitioners and also reemphasize on the most evidence-based complications of cola consumption like bone loss and metabolic and cardiovascular adverse effects in cases of misuse and overuse from both clinical and nutritional points of view via searching the PubMed database.Results:We chose 145 journal articles from the most relevant ones plus 30 extra references and categorized their topics in two classes of medical uses and adverse effects.Conclusion:It could be stated that cola beverages have demonstrated interesting uses and benefits in medicine but their use should be regulated as strict as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan T. Moghaddam
- Orthodontics Department, School of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ali Tafazoli
- School of Pharmacy, International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sorozini M, Dos Reis Perez C, Rocha GM. Enamel sample preparation for AFM: Influence on roughness and morphology. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 81:1071-1076. [PMID: 30295354 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Human dental enamel is organized by prisms that are structured between 3 and 6 µm in diameter. Determining the relationships between different treatments on the surface of enamel using ultrastructural analysis is the purpose of many in vitro experiments. Different sample pretreatments have been reported in the literature. Grinding and polishing are common procedures for enamel preparation. They provide a flat and standardized surface, which is imperative for the use of some techniques such as ATR-FTIR. However, for morphological analysis, SEM and AFM represent easier methods to measure and reduce the biological sample variation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish how different forms of enamel preparation can influence the advent of artifacts during ultrastructural observation, especially by AFM analysis. Four groups (n = 10) were tested: (a) without preparation; (b) polishing with a diamond paste; (c) grinding with decreasing granulations of silicon carbide papers; (d) grinding with polishing. Images were obtained using the Peak-Force Tapping mode. After the first images were obtained, all fragments were acid etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 seconds, rinsed for 60 seconds, and dried intensively. Upon grinding and polishing, the exposure of the inner enamel surfaces provided a less mineralized layer that was marked by scratches and a higher susceptibility to treatments. Moreover, using native enamel provided more valuable information on the surface and the roughness changes for clinical applications. In addition, phosphoric acid is an option for observing the prismatic arrangement after grinding and/or polishing changes the morphology. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The use of native enamel samples to investigate the effects of different treatments on surface should be preferred in research, when the technique allows it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Sorozini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry of University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cesar Dos Reis Perez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry of University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Miranda Rocha
- Department of Biophysics, Biological Physics Laboratory, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Lutovac M, Popova OV, Macanovic G, Kristina R, Lutovac B, Ketin S, Biocanin R. Testing the Effect of Aggressive Beverage on the Damage of Enamel Structure. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2017; 5:987-993. [PMID: 29362633 PMCID: PMC5771309 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2017.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dental erosion is a common problem in modern societies, owing to the increased consumption of acid drinks such as soft drinks, sports drinks, fruit juice. Examining the enamel surface with the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) enables more precise registering and defining the changes of enamel surface structure and microhardness. This method can be used to compare the efficiency of application of different preventive and therapy materials and medicaments in dentistry. The chronic regular consumption of low pH cola drinks encouraged the erosion of the teeth. The loss of anatomy and sensitivity are direct results of acid cola dissolving coronal tooth material. Under the influence of coca cola, a change of crystal structure and nanomorphology on enamel surface occurs. AIM: This paper reflects dental damage from abusive cola drinking, and the clinical presentation can be explained from data presented in this thesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The trial was conducted on a total of 40 extracted teeth which were divided into two groups treated with the solution of coca cola during 5 minutes, and then prepared and tested with a standard AFM procedure, type SPM-5200. Quantitative analysis was performed by comparing the roughness parameters (Ra) of the treated and non-treated sample. RESULTS: Based on the test of a hypothesis of the existence of differences between the treated and untreated sample, with an application of a t-test, it is shown that there are statistically highly significant differences between Ra of the treated sample with a 5-minute treatment of coca cola and Ra of the same sample without the treatment. CONCLUSION: Use of AFM enables successful monitoring of changes on enamel surface as well as the interpretation of the ultrastructural configuration of the crystal stage and the damage created under the influence of different external factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sonja Ketin
- University of Novi Sad, Square Dositeja Obradovica 6, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Rade Biocanin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health in Travnik, Travnik, Serbia
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15
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Dental Applications of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in Cariology. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7050472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Pattern of Hydroxyapatite Crystal Growth on Bleached Enamel Following the Application of Two Antioxidants: An Atomic Force Microscope Study. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017; 41:38-47. [PMID: 28052216 DOI: 10.17796/1053-4628-41.1.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study observed the topographical pattern of hydroxyapatite deposition and growth (D&G) on bleached enamel following application of two antioxidants (sodium ascorbate and catalase) using atomic force microscope. STUDY DESIGN Twenty enamel specimens (4×3×2mm), prepared from extracted impacted third molars, were mounted in self-cure acrylic and randomly grouped as: Group I-untreated; Group II- 35%H2O2; Group III- 35%H2O2 + artificial saliva; Group IV- 35%H2O2 + catalase+ artificial saliva; Group V- 35%H2O2 + sodium ascorbate+ artificial saliva. Groups I and II were observed immediately after treatment. Groups III-V were observed after 72 hrs. Roughness average was also calculated and analyzed with non-parametric Kruskall-Wallis ANOVA and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS H2O2 dissolved matrix, exposed hydroxyapatite crystals (HACs), causing dissolution on the sides of and within HACs and opening up of nano-spaces. Artificial saliva showed growth of dissoluted crystals. Antioxidants+saliva showed potentiated remineralization by D&G on dissoluted HACs of bleached enamel. Catalase potentiated blockshaped, while sodium ascorbate the needle-shaped crystals with stair-pattern of crystallization. Evidence of oxygen bubbles was a new finding with catalase. Maximum roughness average was in group V followed by group II > group IV > group III > group I. CONCLUSION Post-bleaching application of catalase and sodium ascorbate potentiated remineralization by saliva, but in different patterns. None of the tested antioxidant could return the original topography of enamel.
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Poggio C, Gulino C, Mirando M, Colombo M, Pietrocola G. Preventive effects of different protective agents on dentin erosion: An in vitro investigation. J Clin Exp Dent 2017; 9:e7-e12. [PMID: 28149456 PMCID: PMC5268111 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the preventive effects of different protective agents on dentine erosion, measuring mean percentage weight loss. Dissolution of dentine under erosive challenges caused by soft drinks was analyzed: specimens were weighed following each immersion period, with mean percent weight losses calculated. Material and Methods Extracted teeth were sectioned into uniform slabs. Seventy permanent enamel specimens were randomly distributed to seven groups. Initial weights of all dentin specimens were performed. The fluoride pastes Remin Pro, MI Paste Plus, Tooth Mousse, Biorepair, Biorepair Plus and Regenerate were used in this study. A control group was treated just with tap water. The specimens then were immersed in Coca-Cola for a total of 32 min at room temperature. Finally each specimen was dry and weighed. The mass loss was calculated as a percentage of that observed prior the fluoride pastes application. Weight loss data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (One-way ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc tests. Results Percent weight loss of specimens exposed to early stages in Coca-Cola showed linear progression with time. Specimen’s application of fluoridated varnishes such as Biorepair or Regenerate, prior immersion in Coca-Cola, significantly protect dentin from demineralization. Otherwise, application of Tooth Mousse or Biorepair Plus increased dentin demineralization starting from 24 min of immersion in Coca-Cola. Conclusions Despite the limitations of this study, the protective pastes that showed the less weight loss due to the acidic challenge are Biorepair and Regenerate. Key words:Dentine, erosion, protective agents, soft drinks, toothpastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Poggio
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Gulino
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Mirando
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Colombo
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giampiero Pietrocola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Hegazy SA, Salama RI. Antiplaque and remineralizing effects of Biorepair mouthwash: A comparative clinical trial. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Tooth wear is a multifactorial condition and the term is used to describe all types of non-carious tooth substance loss: abrasion (produced by interaction between the teeth and other substances), attrition (produced during tooth-to-tooth contact), erosion (produced by a chemical process) and abfraction (produced through abnormal occlusal loading that predisposes tooth substance to mechanical and chemical wear). Dental technology has an important role in preventing, managing and monitoring tooth wear in a variety of ways. Hard poly(methyl methacrylate) or soft ethylene-vinyl acetate splints can be prescribed to alleviate bruxism, the most common cause of attrition. Thermoformed appliances can be used for the application of products that reduce dental erosion such as fluoride gel. Patients with significant tooth surface loss may require laboratory-made restorations, as well as removable appliances with bite planes that generate inter-occlusal space to facilitate restorations, or surgical templates to provide guidance in preparing restorations for those requiring surgical crown lengthening. Dental study models and digitised models can also prove valuable in terms of monitoring the condition. This paper presents a review of the role that dental technology plays in tooth wear prevention, management and monitoring.
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Ceci M, Mirando M, Beltrami R, Chiesa M, Colombo M, Poggio C. Effect of self-assembling peptide P11 -4 on enamel erosion: AFM and SEM studies. SCANNING 2016; 38:344-351. [PMID: 26435410 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the protective effect of self-assembling peptide P11 -4 (Curodont™ Protect/Credentis) on enamel erosion produced by a soft-drink, by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Thirty human incisors were equally and randomly assigned to 6 groups. Group 1: intact enamel, group 2: soft drink, group 3: Curodont(™) Protect applied, group 4: Curodont(™) Protect applied + soft drink, group 5: soft drink + Curodont(™) Protect applied, group 6: soft drink + Curodont(™) Protect applied + soft drink. Specimens were observed through atomic force microscopy (AFM). The root mean-square roughness (Rrms) was obtained from the AFM images and the differences in the averaged values among the groups were analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk test in order to assess the normality of the distribution. Parametric ANOVA and post hoc Tuckey test were performed to assess the differences between the different groups. After demineralization process, enamel demonstrated a high degree of surface porosity. This morphological aspect was reflected in the increase of Rrms values. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were reported between intact enamel and enamel only treated with P11 -4 and between eroded enamel and enamel treated with P11 -4 and then demineralized. However significant differences (p < 0.05) were recorded when comparing softened enamel with softened enamel further remineralized with biomimetic self-assembling peptides and enamel treated with the protective paste between two acid attacks. The use of P11 -4 remineralizing may offer a degree of protection from enamel erosion. SCANNING 38:344-351, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ceci
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences-Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Mirando
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences-Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Beltrami
- Deptartment of Brain and Behavioral Sciences-Section of Statistics, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Chiesa
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences-Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Colombo
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences-Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Poggio
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences-Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Italy
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Influence of Calcium Phosphate and Apatite Containing Products on Enamel Erosion. ScientificWorldJournal 2016; 2016:7959273. [PMID: 27430013 PMCID: PMC4939184 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7959273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For the purpose of erosion prevention the present study aimed to compare the efficacy of two biomimetic products and a fluoride solution to optimize the protective properties of the pellicle. After 1 min of in situ pellicle formation on bovine enamel slabs, 8 subjects adopted CPP-ACP (GC Tooth Mousse), a mouthwash with hydroxyapatite microclusters (Biorepair), or a fluoride based mouthwash (elmex Kariesschutz) for 1 min each. Afterwards, samples were exposed in the oral cavity for 28 min. Native enamel slabs and slabs exposed to the oral cavity for 30 min without any rinse served as controls. After oral exposure, slabs were incubated in HCl (pH values 2, 2.3, and 3) for 120 s and kinetics of calcium and phosphate release were measured photometrically; representative samples were evaluated by SEM and TEM. The physiological pellicle reduced demineralization at all pH values; the protective effect was enhanced by fluoride. The biomimetic materials also reduced ion release but their effect was less pronounced. SEM indicated no layer formation after use of the different products. However, TEM confirmed the potential accumulation of mineral components at the pellicle surface. The tested products improve the protective properties of the in situ pellicle but not as effectively as fluorides.
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Batista GR, Rocha Gomes Torres C, Sener B, Attin T, Wiegand A. Artificial Saliva Formulations versus Human Saliva Pretreatment in Dental Erosion Experiments. Caries Res 2016; 50:78-86. [PMID: 26870948 DOI: 10.1159/000443188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the erosion-preventive effect of different artificial saliva formulations and human saliva in vitro compared to human saliva in situ. In the in vitro experiment, bovine enamel and dentin specimens were stored in artificial saliva (4 different formulations, each n = 20), deionized water (n = 20) or human saliva (n = 6 enamel and dentin specimens/volunteer) for 120 min. In the in situ experiment, each of the 6 enamel and dentin specimens was worn intraorally by 10 volunteers for 120 min. The specimens were then eroded (HCl, pH 2.6, 60 s). Half of the specimens were subjected to microhardness analysis (enamel) and the determination of calcium release into the acid (enamel and dentin), while the other half were again placed in the respective medium or worn intraorally, respectively, for 120 min before a second erosion was performed. Knoop microhardness of enamel and the calcium release of enamel and dentin into the acid were again determined. Statistical analysis was conducted by two-way repeated-measures ANOVA or two-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). Enamel microhardness was not significantly different between all test groups after the first and the second erosive challenge, respectively. Enamel calcium loss was significantly lower in situ compared to the in vitro experiment, where there was no significant difference between all test groups. Dentin calcium loss was significantly lower than deionized water only after the first and than all except one artificial saliva after the second erosion. Under the conditions of this experiment, the use of artificial saliva formulations and human saliva in vitro does not reflect the intraoral situation in dental erosion experiments adequately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziela Ribeiro Batista
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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The effectiveness of an NaF rinse containing fTCP on eroded enamel remineralization. J Public Health (Oxf) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-016-0709-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Pluronic/gelatin composites for controlled release of actives. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 135:400-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Effect on oral pH changes and taste perception in 10-14-year-old children, after calcium fortification of a fruit juice. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2015; 16:483-9. [PMID: 26420264 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-015-0198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim was to determine the effect of calcium fortification of a commercially available mixed-fruit juice on oral pH changes and taste perception in a group of 10 to 14 year-old Indian children. METHOD A controlled, blinded, non-randomised clinical trial was adopted, consisting of a sample of 100 healthy children (DMFT <3; age 10-14 years), who were exposed to three test juices one by one [Group A: original fruit juice (control group); Group B: calcium-fortified fruit juice and Group C: calcium + vitamin D fortified fruit juice]. Oral pH, collection of saliva and plaque sampling was undertaken, before and after the juice exposure by each subject at 0, 1, 5, 15, 30 and 45 min. The respective pH was measured with a digital pH meter. For taste perception, a scoring system was used after exposure of the juices to the subjects in a blind manner. The statistical evaluation was done using one-way ANOVA for salivary and plaque pH and Kruskal-Wallis test for buffer capacity and taste perception. RESULTS There was a smaller drop in salivary and plaque pH (p < 0.5) and a significant reduction in perceived taste (p < 0.001) by the subjects after calcium modification of fruit juice. CONCLUSION The calcium-modified mixed fruit juices was less acidogenic compared with the unfortified juice, and hence will be less cariogenic and erosive towards teeth.
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Lechner BD, Röper S, Messerschmidt J, Blume A, Magerle R. Monitoring Demineralization and Subsequent Remineralization of Human Teeth at the Dentin-Enamel Junction with Atomic Force Microscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:18937-18943. [PMID: 26266571 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Using atomic force microscopy, we monitored the nanoscale surface morphology of human teeth at the dentin-enamel junction after performing successive demineralization steps with an acidic soft drink. Subsequently, we studied the remineralization process with a paste containing calcium and phosphate ions. Repeated atomic force microscopy imaging of the same sample areas on the sample allowed us to draw detailed conclusions regarding the specific mechanism of the demineralization process and the subsequent remineralization process. The about 1-μm-deep grooves that are caused by the demineralization process were preferentially filled with deposited nanoparticles, leading to smoother enamel and dentine surfaces after 90 min exposure to the remineralizing agent. The deposited material is found to homogeneously cover the enamel and dentine surfaces in the same manner. The temporal evolution of the surface roughness indicates that the remineralization caused by the repair paste proceeds in two distinct successive phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob-Dan Lechner
- Institut für Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Stephanie Röper
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz , Reichenhainer Str. 70, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Jens Messerschmidt
- Labor für Strukturanalyse Messerschmidt , Hallesche Str. 10, 06246 Bad Lauchstädt, Germany
| | - Alfred Blume
- Institut für Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Robert Magerle
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz , Reichenhainer Str. 70, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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Ceci M, Mirando M, Beltrami R, Chiesa M, Poggio C. Protective effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on enamel erosion: Atomic force microscopy studies. SCANNING 2015; 37:327-334. [PMID: 25917931 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effect of a casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) paste (GC Tooth Mousse- TM, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) on preventing enamel erosion, by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). 30 human incisors, were equally assigned to 6 groups: intact enamel, enamel + soft drink, enamel + TM, enamel + TM + soft drink, enamel + soft drink + TM, enamel + soft drink + TM + soft drink. Specimens were observed through atomic force microscopy (AFM). The most common topographical parameters were determined, such as the surface roughness (Rrms ). The use of soft drink on intact enamel has roughened the surface of the sample. The application of the CPP-ACP paste on non-treated enamel made the surface smoother. A significant decrease in roughness was seen after remineralization with CPP-ACP paste. Significant differences were recorded when comparing softened enamel with softened enamel remineralized with CPP-ACP paste. Comparing eroded enamel with demineralized/remineralized specimens, the application of a CPP-ACP paste leads to a significant reduction in roughness values. AFM images of enamel surface treated with CPP-ACP resulted in less morphological changes of the tooth substrate when compared with the only eroded enamel surface morphology; thus, indicating that CPP-ACP paste promoted remineralization. Specimens' surface roughness remained similar regardless that the protective agent is used before or after exposure to coke or between two demineralizing cycles. The results confirmed the effectiveness of the CPP-ACP paste on preventing enamel erosion produced by soft drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ceci
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences - Section of Dentistry. University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Mirando
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences - Section of Dentistry. University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Beltrami
- Deptartment of Brain, Behavioral Sciences-Section of Statistics University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Chiesa
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences - Section of Dentistry. University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Poggio
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences - Section of Dentistry. University of Pavia, Italy
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Cossellu G, Lanteri V, Butera A, Sarcina M, Farronato G. Effects of six different preventive treatments on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets: in vitro study. ACTA BIOMATERIALIA ODONTOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 2015. [PMID: 28642895 PMCID: PMC5433176 DOI: 10.3109/23337931.2015.1021351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of six different prophylactic agents on shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets. Materials and methods: One hundred twenty-six freshly extracted mandibular bovine incisors were used. Teeth were randomly divided into 7 equal groups (18 per group) as follows: group-1 served as control with no pre-treatment; group-2 enamel treated with fluoride varnish (Fluor Protector, Ivoclar Vivadent); group-3 containing casein-phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium-phosphate (CPP-ACP) paste (GC Tooth Mousse, RECALDENT™); group-4 with ozone (HealOzone, Kavo); group-5 with glycine powder (Perio Flow, EMS); group-6 with hydroxyapatite powder 99.5% (Coswell S.p.A.); group-7 with a toothpaste made of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals (BioRepair® Plus, Coswell S.p.A). Brackets were all bonded using the same technique with transbond XT (3 M Unitek, Monrovia, CA). All the bonded specimens were stored for 24 h in deionized water (37 °C) and subjected to thermal cycling for 1000 cycles. The SBS was measured with an Instron Universal Testing machine and the adhesive remnant was assessed with the adhesive remnant index (ARI) using a stereomicroscope at 10× magnification. Results: Statistical differences (ANOVA) were found among the seven investigated groups (F = 12.226, p < 0.001). SBS of groups 2, 5 and 6 were significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05). ARI scores (chi-square test) were correlated with the differences of SBS values. Conclusion: CPP-ACP paste, ozone or BioRepair® did not compromise on bracket bond strength. Fluoride, glycine or hydroxyapatite significantly decreased the SBS; only the fluoride group showed significant clinically low (<6 MPa) SBS values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianguido Cossellu
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Valentina Lanteri
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Andrea Butera
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Michele Sarcina
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Giampietro Farronato
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of MilanMilanItaly
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Three-dimensional profilometric assessment of early enamel erosion simulating gastric regurgitation. J Dent 2014; 42:1411-21. [PMID: 24995810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A priority research area in minimal intervention dentistry is the characterization of the early stages of dental erosion. The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the effect of short, repetitive erosive challenges to human enamel over 2 min at pH 1.5 and 3.0 under conditions simulating gastric regurgitation. METHODS Enamel surfaces were subjected to erosive challenges at pH 1.5 (Group 1, n=10) and pH 3.0 (Group 2, n=9) for periods of 30s (stage 1), 60s (stage 2) and 120 s (stage 3). Quantitative changes were assessed longitudinally by measuring the 3D average surface roughness (Sa) values using 3D confocal microscopy. Qualitative micrographic assessment of surface changes was also conducted by using environmental scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS Linear mixed model analysis showed significant effects of the pH values (p<0.001) and the stages (p<0.001) on the observed Sa values. Post hoc tests showed significant increases in the Sa values between baseline and other stages in both groups (p<0.01). The mean Sa values also increased significantly from stage 1 to stage 2 in Group 1 (p<0.05). Micrographic analysis displayed severely etched enamel rods in Group 1, but only subtle changes in Group 2. CONCLUSIONS The complexity of the enamel surface is influenced by both acid concentration (pH value) and duration of acid exposure during early stages of erosion. Erosion occurring under conditions simulating GORD can be detected in its initial stages, opening up the possibilities of early diagnosis and management of this condition. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Erosive tooth wear occurs progressively and insidiously, often creating complex treatment challenges. This emphasizes the need for early diagnosis and management in accordance with minimal intervention philosophy. Our findings provide a foundation for further research that could lead to the development of highly-sensitive clinical diagnostic tools and preventive strategies.
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Magalhaes AC, Wiegand A, Buzalaf MAR. Use of dentifrices to prevent erosive tooth wear: harmful or helpful? Braz Oral Res 2014; 28 Spec No:1-6. [PMID: 24554098 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242013005000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental erosion is the loss of dental hard tissues caused by non-bacterial acids. Due to acid contact, the tooth surface becomes softened and more prone to abrasion from toothbrushing. Dentifrices containing different active agents may be helpful in allowing rehardening or in increasing surface resistance to further acidic or mechanical impacts. However, dentifrices are applied together with brushing and, depending on how and when toothbrushing is performed, as well as the type of dentifrice and toothbrush used, may increase wear. This review focuses on the potential harmful and helpful effects associated with the use of dentifrices with regard to erosive wear. While active ingredients like fluorides or agents with special anti-erosive properties were shown to offer some degree of protection against erosion and combined erosion/abrasion, the abrasive effects of dentifrices may increase the surface loss of eroded teeth. However, most evidence to date comes from in vitro and in situ studies, so clinical trials are necessary for a better understanding of the complex interaction of active ingredients and abrasives and their effects on erosive tooth wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Magalhaes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Annette Wiegand
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany
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Measurement of the efficacy of calcium silicate for the protection and repair of dental enamel. J Dent 2014; 42 Suppl 1:S21-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s0300-5712(14)50004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Medeiros IC, Brasil VLM, Carlo HL, Santos RLD, De Lima BASG, De Carvalho FG. In vitro effect of calcium nanophosphate and high-concentrated fluoride agents on enamel erosion: an AFM study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2014; 24:168-74. [PMID: 23782170 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium nanophosphate paste can provide ions to remineralize enamel. There are, however, no data available about the remineralizing effect of this paste on the prevention of enamel erosion, when compared with highly concentrated fluoride agents. AIM To analyze the effect of calcium nanophosphate paste, fluoride gel, and varnish to protect against enamel erosion using surface Knoop hardness (KNH) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). DESIGN Forty enamel blocks (4 × 4 mm) of third molars were used for 4 groups (n = 10): 1.23% fluoride gel (Fluorgel-DFL(®) ); calcium nanophosphate paste (Desensibilize NanoP-FGM(®) ); fluoride varnish (Duraphat-Colgate(®) ) and control (without agent). The specimens were immersed in cola drink for 5 min and 2 h in artificial saliva, 4× per day for 5 days. The agents were applied before the first erosive cycle. KNH values were obtained before and after the erosive challenge. The surface morphology was evaluated by AFM. anova, Tukey's, and T-Student tests were applied. RESULTS After erosion, no significant difference was found for KNH among gel, nanophosphate, and varnish groups; however, they showed higher KNH than control group. Gel and nanophosphate paste showed a protective layer formation on enamel surface by AFM. CONCLUSIONS The calcium nanophosphate paste showed similar protection against enamel erosion compared with high-concentrated fluoride agents, even containing lower fluoride concentration.
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IIJIMA M, ITO S, NAKAGAKI S, KOHDA N, MUGURUMA T, SAITO T, MIZOGUCHI I. Effects of immersion in solution of an experimental toothpaste containing S-PRG filler on like-remineralizing ability of etched enamel. Dent Mater J 2014; 33:430-6. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2013-224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Carvalho FGD, Brasil VLM, Silva Filho TJD, Carlo HL, Santos RLD, Lima BASGD. Protective effect of calcium nanophosphate and CPP-ACP agents on enamel erosion. Braz Oral Res 2013; 27:463-70. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242013000600004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Sadiasa A, Franco RA, Seo HS, Lee BT. Hydroxyapatite delivery to dentine tubules using carboxymethyl cellulose dental hydrogel for treatment of dentine hypersensitivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jbise.2013.610123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Influence of a mouthwash containing hydroxyapatite microclusters on bacterial adherence in situ. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17:805-14. [PMID: 22782257 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0781-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of a new preparation in dental prophylaxis containing zinc-carbonate hydroxyapatite microclusters (Biorepair) for oral biofilm management. METHODS AND MATERIALS Initial biofilm formation was carried out in situ with bovine enamel slabs fixed to individual upper jaw splints worn by six subjects. Rinses with the customary preparation as well as with subfractions (hydroxyapatite microclusters in saline solution; liquid phase without particles) were adopted for 1 min in situ after 1 min of pellicle formation, and the bacterial colonization was recorded after 6 h and 12 h, respectively. Rinses with chlorhexidine served as a reference. The adherent microorganisms were quantified and visualized using DAPI staining and live-dead staining (BacLight). Furthermore, the effects on Streptococcus mutans bacteria were tested in vitro (BacLight). RESULTS Application of the customary preparation and of the separate components distinctly reduced the initial bacterial colonization of the enamel surface in situ as visualized and quantified with all techniques. After 12 h, 1.3 × 10(7) ± 2.0 × 10(7) bacteria/cm² were detected on unrinsed control samples with DAPI staining; 2.4 × 10(6) ± 3.3 × 10(6) after application of Biorepair (12 h after CHX-rinse; 1.3 × 10(5) ± 9.2 × 10(4)). Also, pure hydroxyapatite microclusters in saline solution (2.1 × 10(6) ± 3.0 × 10(6)) as well as the liquid phase without particles (5.1 × 10(5) ± 3.3 × 10(5)) reduced the amount of adherent bacteria. Furthermore, antimicrobial effects on S. mutans were observed in vitro. CONCLUSION The preparation is an effective compound for biofilm management in the oral cavity due to antiadherent and antibacterial effects. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The tested mouthrinse seems to be a reasonable amendment for dental prophylaxis.
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Ganss C, Lussi A, Grunau O, Klimek J, Schlueter N. Conventional and Anti-Erosion Fluoride Toothpastes: Effect on Enamel Erosion and Erosion-Abrasion. Caries Res 2011; 45:581-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000334318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Scaramucci T, Hara AT, Zero DT, Ferreira SS, Aoki IV, Sobral MAP. In vitro evaluation of the erosive potential of orange juice modified by food additives in enamel and dentine. J Dent 2011; 39:841-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Kitasako Y, Tanaka M, Sadr A, Hamba H, Ikeda M, Tagami J. Effects of a chewing gum containing phosphoryl oligosaccharides of calcium (POs-Ca) and fluoride on remineralization and crystallization of enamel subsurface lesions in situ. J Dent 2011; 39:771-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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A qualitative and quantitative investigation into the effect of fluoride formulations on enamel erosion and erosion-abrasion in vitro. J Dent 2011; 39:648-55. [PMID: 21820483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of a single application of highly concentrated SnF(2) and NaF solutions and a NaF/CaF(2) varnish on human enamel subjected to hydrochloric acid erosion and tooth brush abrasion. METHODS Forty enamel samples were prepared from human third molars and NaF (9500ppm, pH 8.0), SnF(2) (9500ppm, pH 2.6) solutions; Bifluorid10(®) varnish (42,500ppm, NaF 5%, CaF(2) 5%) and deionized water (control) was applied to the enamel. Following this three, six and nine cycles of erosion [1 cycle=erosion (0.01M HCl, pH 2.2, 2min)+artificial saliva (1h, pH 7.0)] and erosion-abrasion [1 cycle=erosion (0.01M HCl, pH 2.2, 2min)+artificial saliva (1h, pH 7.0)+abrasion (120 linear strokes in artificial saliva from Tepe medium soft brushes 200g loading)] were carried out. The fluoride treated enamel was analysed using Knoop microhardness, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). RESULTS For erosion alone, there was significantly less microhardness reduction in the Bifluorid10(®) group after three and six cycles of erosion (P<0.05), however no other groups showed statistically different hardness (P>0.05). The EDS analysis showed that only the Bifluorid10(®) group had any detectable fluorine following erosion and erosion-abrasion (0.1wt.% and 0.2wt.% fluorine respectively). The surface fluorine was found to have been removed after erosion and erosion-abrasion for all other surface treatments. Although precipitates were observed after application of the surface treatments, following erosion-abrasion, no visible surface effects from any fluoride preparation remained. CONCLUSIONS Enamel surface precipitates from application NaF, SnF(2) solutions appear to not be able to provide protection against gastric erosion and tooth brush abrasion. The NaF/CaF(2) varnish provided limited protection against erosion but the role for such varnishes in gastric erosion and tooth brush abrasion remains uncertain.
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Prevention of toothbrushing abrasion of acid-softened enamel by CO(2) laser irradiation. J Dent 2011; 39:604-11. [PMID: 21741428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of CO(2) laser irradiation (10.6μm) at 0.3J/cm(2) (0.5μs; 226Hz) on the resistance of softened enamel to toothbrushing abrasion, in vitro. METHODS Sixty human enamel samples were obtained, polished with silicon carbide papers and randomly divided into five groups (n=12), receiving 5 different surface treatments: laser irradiation (L), fluoride (AmF/NaF gel) application (F), laser prior to fluoride (LF), fluoride prior to laser (FL), non-treated control (C). After surface treatment they were submitted to a 25-day erosive-abrasive cycle in 100ml sprite light (90s) and brushed twice daily with an electric toothbrush. Between the demineralization periods samples were immersed in supersaturated mineral solution. At the end of the experiments enamel surface loss was determined using a contact profilometer and morphological analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For SEM analysis of demineralization pattern, cross-sectional cuts of cycled samples were prepared. The data were statistically analysed by one-way ANOVA model with subsequent pairwise comparison of treatments. RESULTS Abrasive surface loss was significantly lower in all laser groups compared to both control and fluoride groups (p<0.0001 in all cases). Amongst the laser groups no significant difference was observed. Softened enamel layer underneath lesions was less pronounced in laser-irradiated samples. CONCLUSION Irradiation of dental enamel with a CO(2) laser at 0.3J/cm(2) (5μs, 226Hz) either alone or in combination with amine fluoride gel significantly decreases toothbrushing abrasion of softened-enamel, in vitro.
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