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Garcia I, Souza VD, Balhaddad AA, Mokeem L, Melo MAS, Scholten JD, Collares FM. Ionic Liquid-Based Silane for SiO 2 Nanoparticles: A Versatile Coupling Agent for Dental Resins. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:34057-34068. [PMID: 38910292 PMCID: PMC11231966 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The current longevity of dental resins intraorally is limited by susceptibility to acidic attacks from bacterial metabolic byproducts and vulnerability to enzymatic or hydrolytic degradation. Here, we demonstrate synthesizing an ionic liquid-based antibiofilm silane effective against Streptococcus mutans, a major caries pathogen. Furthermore, we incorporate this silane into dental resins, creating antibiofilm- and degradation-resistant materials applicable across resin types. FTIR, UV-vis, and NMR spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis of the expected ionic liquid-based silane. The characterization of SiO2 after the silanization indicated the presence of the silane and how it interacted with the oxide. All groups achieved a degree of conversion similar to that found for commercial resin composites immediately and after two months of storage in water. The minimum of 2.5 wt % of silane led to lower softening in solvent than the control group (GCTRL) (p < 0.05). While the flexural strength indicated a lower value from 1 wt % of silane compared to GCTRL (p < 0.05), the ultimate tensile strength did not indicate differences among groups (p > 0.05). There was no difference within groups between the immediate and long-term tests of flexural strength (p > 0.05) or ultimate tensile strength (p > 0.05). The addition of at least 5 wt % of silane reduced the viability of S. mutans compared to GCTRL (p < 0.05). The fluorescence microscopy analysis suggested that the higher the silane concentration, the higher the amount of bacteria with membrane defects. There was no difference among groups in the cytotoxicity test (p > 0.05). Therefore, the developed dental resins displayed biocompatibility, proper degree of conversion, improved resistance against softening in solvent, and stability after 6 months of storage in water. This material could be further developed to produce polymeric antimicrobial layers for different surfaces, supporting various potential avenues in developing novel biomaterials with enhanced therapeutic characteristics using ionic liquid-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora
Martini Garcia
- Division
of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Comprehensive
Dentistry, University of Maryland School
of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Dental
Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Virgínia
Serra de Souza
- Laboratory
of Molecular Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 9500, Agronomia, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad
- Department
of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamia Mokeem
- Dental
Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University
of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Mary Anne Sampaio
de Melo
- Division
of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Comprehensive
Dentistry, University of Maryland School
of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Jackson Damiani Scholten
- Laboratory
of Molecular Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 9500, Agronomia, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Mezzomo Collares
- Department
of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2492, Rio Branco, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Caruso S, Valenti C, Marinucci L, Di Pasquale F, Truppa C, Di Benedetto G, Caruso S, Pagano S. Systematic Review of Zinc's Benefits and Biological Effects on Oral Health. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:800. [PMID: 38399049 PMCID: PMC10890596 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review was based on the following question: "What is the state-of-the-art regarding the effect of zinc exposure in the oral cavity on a population of adults and children, compared to dental products containing materials other than zinc, considering in vivo (clinical trials and observational studies) and in vitro studies?" according to a PICOS strategy format. This study aims to analyze zinc application in dental materials, with different compositions and chemical formulations, considering how mechanical and biological properties may influence its clinical applicability. METHODS In vivo (clinical trials: controlled clinical trials (CCTs) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs); and observational studies: case control and cohort studies) trials or in vitro studies published in English or Italian during the last 10 years on children and adult patients with zinc exposure were included by three different reviewers using the MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases. RESULTS Titles and abstracts were evaluated following the eligibility criteria. The full texts of eligible studies were then reviewed against the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Scientific and technical information of the 33 included studies were collected into evidence tables, reporting data on in vivo and in vitro studies. A narrative approach was adopted. CONCLUSIONS Antibacterial activity was found to be the most studied property of zinc, but further investigations are needed to establish adjuvant zinc therapies in patients with oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Caruso
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Paediatric Dentistry, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.C.); (G.D.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Chiara Valenti
- CISAS “Giuseppe Colombo”, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 15, 35131 Padua, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (F.D.P.); (C.T.)
| | - Lorella Marinucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Biosciences and Medical Embryology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Francesca Di Pasquale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (F.D.P.); (C.T.)
| | - Claudia Truppa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (F.D.P.); (C.T.)
| | - Giulia Di Benedetto
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Paediatric Dentistry, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.C.); (G.D.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Sara Caruso
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Paediatric Dentistry, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.C.); (G.D.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefano Pagano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (F.D.P.); (C.T.)
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Mokeem LS, Martini Garcia I, Balhaddad AA, Lan Y, Seifu D, Weir MD, Melo MA. Multifunctional Dental Adhesives Formulated with Silane-Coated Magnetic Fe 3O 4@m-SiO 2 Core-Shell Particles to Counteract Adhesive Interfacial Breakdown. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2120-2139. [PMID: 38170561 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The process of bonding to dentin is complex and dynamic, greatly impacting the longevity of dental restorations. The tooth/dental material interface is degraded by bacterial acids, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and hydrolysis. As a result, bonded dental restorations face reduced longevity due to adhesive interfacial breakdown, leading to leakage, tooth pain, recurrent caries, and costly restoration replacements. To address this issue, we synthesized and characterized a multifunctional magnetic platform, CHX@SiQuac@Fe3O4@m-SiO2, to provide several beneficial functions. The platform comprises Fe3O4 microparticles and chlorhexidine (CHX) encapsulated within mesoporous silica, which was silanized by an antibacterial quaternary ammonium silane (SiQuac). This platform simultaneously targets bacterial inhibition, stability of the hybrid layer, and enhanced filler infiltration by magnetic motion. Comprehensive experiments include X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, VSM, EDS, N2 adsorption-desorption (BET), transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and UV-vis spectroscopy. Then, CHX@SiQuac@Fe3O4@m-SiO2 was incorporated into an experimental adhesive resin for dental bonding restorations, followed by immediate and long-term antibacterial assessment, cytotoxicity evaluation, and mechanical and bonding performance. The results confirmed the multifunctional nature of CHX@SiQuac@Fe3O4@m-SiO2. This work outlined a roadmap for (1) designing and tuning an adhesive formulation containing the new platform CHX@SiQuac@Fe3O4@m-SiO2; (2) assessing microtensile bond strength to dentin using a clinically relevant model of simulated hydrostatic pulpal pressure; and (3) investigating the antibacterial outcome performance of the particles when embedded into the formulated adhesives over time. The results showed that at 4 wt % of CHX@SiQuac@Fe3O4@m-SiO2-doped adhesive under the guided magnetic field, the bond strength increased by 28%. CHX@SiQuac@Fe3O4@m-SiO2 enhanced dentin adhesion in the magnetic guide bonding process without altering adhesive properties or causing cytotoxicity. This finding presents a promising method for strengthening the tooth/dental material interface's stability and extending the bonded restorations' lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Sami Mokeem
- Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Isadora Martini Garcia
- Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Division of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Abdulrahman A Balhaddad
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yucheng Lan
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland 21251, United States
| | - Dereje Seifu
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland 21251, United States
| | - Michael D Weir
- Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Mary Anne Melo
- Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Division of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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Alsaiari M, Roghani K, Liaqat S, Alkorbi AS, Sharif F, Irfan M, Rizk MA, Uroos M, Ahmad N, Muhammad N. Effect of Ionic Liquids on Mechanical, Physical, and Antifungal Properties and Biocompatibility of a Soft Denture Lining Material. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27300-27311. [PMID: 37546657 PMCID: PMC10399165 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effect of ionic liquids and their structure on the mechanical (tensile bond strength (TBS) and Shore A hardness), mass change, and antifungal properties of soft denture lining material. Butyl pyridinium chloride (BPCL) and octyl pyridinium chloride (OPCL) were synthesized, characterized, and mixed in concentrations ranging from 0.65-10% w/w with a soft denture liner (Molloplast-B) and were divided into seven groups (C, BPCL1-3, and OPCL1-3). The TBS of bar-shaped specimens was calculated on a Universal Testing Machine. For Shore A hardness, disc-shaped specimens were analyzed using a durometer. The mass change (%) of specimens was calculated by the weight loss method. The antifungal potential of ionic liquids and test specimens was measured using agar well and disc diffusion methods (p ≤ 0.05). The alamarBlue assay was performed to assess the biocompatibility of the samples. The mean TBS values of Molloplast-B samples were significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) for all groups except for OPCL1. Compared with the control, the mean shore A hardness values were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) for samples in groups BPCL 2 and 3. After 6 weeks, the OPCL samples showed a significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) mass change as compared to the control. Agar well diffusion methods demonstrated a maximum zone of inhibition for 2.5% OPCL (20.5 ± 0.05 mm) after 24 h. Disc diffusion methods showed no zones of inhibition. The biocompatibility of the ionic liquid-modified sample was comparable to that of the control. The addition of ionic liquids in Molloplast-B improved the liner's surface texture, increased its hardness, and decreased its % mass change and tensile strength. Ionic liquids exhibited potent antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabkhoot Alsaiari
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts at Sharurah, Najran University, Sharurah 68342, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khumara Roghani
- Department
of Dental Materials, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Saad Liaqat
- Department
of Dental Materials, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ali S. Alkorbi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts at Sharurah, Najran University, Sharurah 68342, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiza Sharif
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center for Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54590, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Electrical
Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moustafa A. Rizk
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts at Sharurah, Najran University, Sharurah 68342, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal
University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Maliha Uroos
- Centre for
Research in Ionic Liquids, Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Department
of Chemical and Material Engineering, College of Engineering, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawshad Muhammad
- Department
of Dental Materials, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Satti MK, Nayyer M, Alshamrani M, Kaleem M, Salawi A, Safhi AY, Alsalhi A, Sabei FY, Khan AS, Muhammad N. Synthesis, Characterization, and Investigation of Novel Ionic Liquid-Based Tooth Bleaching Gels: A Step towards Safer and Cost-Effective Cosmetic Dentistry. Molecules 2023; 28:3131. [PMID: 37049892 PMCID: PMC10096067 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to synthesize a novel choline hydroxide ionic liquid-based tooth bleaching gel. Ionic liquid-based gels were synthesized and characterized using FTIR along with pH testing. Tooth sample preparation was carried out in line with ISO 28399:2020. The effects of synthesized gels on tooth samples were tested. Tooth samples were stained and grouped into three experimental groups: EAI (22% choline hydroxide gel), EAII (44% choline hydroxide gel), and EB (choline citrate gel) and two control groups: CA (commercial at-home 16% carbamide peroxide gel) and CB (deionized water). The tooth color analysis, which included shade matching with the Vitapan shade guide (n = 2), and digital colorimetric analysis (n = 2) were evaluated. The surface characteristics and hardness were analyzed with 3D optical profilometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and Microhardness testing (n = 3), respectively. The tooth color analysis (Vitapan shade guide) revealed that all the tooth samples treated with synthesized choline citrate gel (EB) showed an A1 shade as compared to the other four groups, giving a range of shades. An analysis of the ΔE values from digital colorimetry; EAI, EAII, CA, and CB showed ΔE values in a range that was clinically perceptible at a glance. However, EB showed the highest value of ΔE. The mean microhardness values for the five groups showed that the effects of three experimental gels i.e., 44% choline hydroxide, 22% choline hydroxide, and choline citrate, on the microhardness of the tooth samples were similar to that of the positive control, which comprised commercial at-home 16% carbamide peroxide gel. SEM with EDX of three tested subgroups was closely related in surface profile, elemental composition, and Ca/P ratio. The roughness average values from optical profilometry of four tested subgroups lie within approximately a similar range, showing a statistically insignificant difference (p > 0.05) between the tested subgroups. The synthesized novel experimental tooth bleaching gels displayed similar tooth bleaching actions without any deleterious effects on the surface characteristics and microhardness of the treated tooth samples when compared with the commercial at-home tooth bleaching gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Memuna Kausar Satti
- Department of Dental Materials, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Maleeha Nayyer
- Department of Dental Materials, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Meshal Alshamrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Kaleem
- Department of Dental Materials, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Salawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awaji Y. Safhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alsalhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Y. Sabei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Samad Khan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawshad Muhammad
- Department of Dental Materials, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan
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Fang Z, Zheng X, Li L, Qi J, Wu W, Lu Y. Ionic Liquids: Emerging Antimicrobial Agents. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2391-2404. [PMID: 35879499 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03336-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has become a serious threat to global health. New antimicrobials are thus urgently needed. Ionic liquids (ILs), salts consisting of organic cations and anions with melting points less than 100°C, have been recently found to be promising in antimicrobial field as they may disrupt the bacterial wall and membrane and consequently lead to cell leakage and death. Different types of antimicrobial ILs are introduced in the review, including cationic, polymeric, and anionic ILs. Being the main type of the antimicrobial ILs, the review focuses on the structure and the antimicrobial mechanisms of cationic ILs. The quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models of the cationic ILs are also included. Increase in alkyl chain length and lipophilicity is beneficial to increase the antimicrobial effects of cationic ILs. Polymeric ILs are homopolymers of monomer ILs or copolymers of ILs and other monomers. They have great potential in the field of antibiotics as they provide stronger antimicrobial effects than the sum of the monomer ILs. Anionic ILs are composed of existing anionic antibiotics and organic cations, being capable to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of the original form. Nonetheless, the medical application of antimicrobial ILs is limited by the toxicity. The structural optimization aided by QSAR model and combination with existing antibiotics may provide a solution to this problem and expand the application range of ILs in antimicrobial field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhezheng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xianzi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jianping Qi
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Silvestrin LB, Garcia IM, Visioli F, Collares FM, Leitune VCB. Physicochemical and biological properties of experimental dental adhesives doped with a guanidine-based polymer: an in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:3627-3636. [PMID: 35001214 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to formulate experimental dental adhesives with different polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride concentrations (PHMGH) and evaluate their physical, chemical, and biological properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimental adhesives were formulated with 0 (control, GCTRL), 0.5 (G0.5%), 1 (G1%), or 2 (G2%) wt.% into the adhesive. The adhesives were analyzed for degree of conversion (DC%), softening in solvent (ΔKHN%), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), microtensile bond strength (μTBS) immediately and after 1 year of aging, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity. RESULTS There were no differences among groups for DC%, ΔKHN%, and UTS (p > 0.05%). There were no differences between each PHMGH-doped adhesive compared to GCTRL in the immediate μ-TBS (p > 0.05). Adhesives with at least 1 wt.% of PHMGH presented better stability of μ-TBS. PHMGH-doped adhesives showed improved longitudinal μ-TBS compared to GCTRL (p < 0.05). Lower Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation was observed for PHMGH-doped adhesives (p < 0.05). There was lower viability of planktonic S. mutans in the media in contact with the samples when at least 1 wt.% of PHGMGH was incorporated (p < 0.05). The formulated adhesives showed no cytotoxicity against pulp cells (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The adhesive with 2 wt.% of PHMGH showed the highest antibacterial activity, without affecting the physicochemical properties and cytotoxicity, besides conferring stability for the dental adhesion. CLINICAL RELEVANCE PHMGH, a positively charged polymer, conveyed antibacterial activity to dental adhesives. Furthermore, it did not negatively affect the essential physicochemical and biocompatibility properties of the adhesives. More importantly, the incorporation of PHMGH provided stability for the μ-TBS compared to the control group without this additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Bonfanti Silvestrin
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2492, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Isadora Martini Garcia
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2492, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Oral Pathology Departament, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Mezzomo Collares
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2492, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Vicente Castelo Branco Leitune
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2492, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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8
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Garcia IM, Balhaddad AA, Lan Y, Simionato A, Ibrahim MS, Weir MD, Masri R, Xu HHK, Collares FM, Melo MAS. Magnetic motion of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles- loaded dental adhesives: physicochemical/biological properties, and dentin bonding performance studied through the tooth pulpal pressure model. Acta Biomater 2021; 134:337-347. [PMID: 34303014 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The limited durability of dentin bonding harshly shortens the lifespan of resin composites restorations. The controlled, dynamic movement of materials through non-contacting forces provides exciting opportunities in adhesive dentistry. We, herein, describe comprehensive investigations of a new dental adhesive with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) sensitive to magnetic fields for bonding optimization. This contribution outlines a roadmap of (1) designing and tuning of an adhesive formulation containing SPIONs to enhance penetrability into etched dentin guided by magnetic-field; (2) employing a clinically relevant model of simulated hydrostatic pulpal pressure on the microtensile bond to dentin; and (3) investigating a potential antibacterial effect of the formulated adhesives, and their biocompatibility. SPION-concentration-dependency chemical and mechanical behavior was shown via the degree of conversion, ultimate tensile strength, and micro shear bond strength to dentin. The effects of SPIONs carried on a dental adhesive on the bonding strength to dentin are studied in depth by combining experiments with in vitro simulated model. The results show that under the guided magnetic field, 0.07 wt.% of SPIONs-doped adhesive increased the bond strength that surpasses the reduction caused by hydrostatic pulpal pressure. Using a magnetic guide workflow during the bonding procedures, SPIONs-doped adhesives improved dentin's adhesion without changing adhesives' physicochemical properties. This outcome addresses the key challenge of poor resin infiltration of dentin's conventional total etching during the bonding procedure. The real-time magnetic motion of dental adhesives may open new paths to enhance resin-based restorations' longevity. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, dental adhesives containing superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were developed to enhance penetrability into dentin guided by a magnetic field. The adhesives were screened for physical, chemical, antibacterial properties, and cytotoxicity. For the first time, simulated pulpal pressure was used concurrently with the magnetic field to simulate a clinical setting. This approach showed that it is feasible to overcome pulpal pressure jeopardization on bond strength when SPIONs and a magnetic field are applied. The magnetic-responsive adhesives had great potential to improve bond strength, opening new paths to enhance resin-based restorations' longevity without affecting adhesives' biological properties. The use of magnetic-responsive particles and magnetically assisted motion is a promising strategy to improve the sealing ability of dental adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Martini Garcia
- Dental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Dental Materials Department, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Abdulrahman A Balhaddad
- Dental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yucheng Lan
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
| | - Andressa Simionato
- Dental Materials Department, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Salem Ibrahim
- Dental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael D Weir
- Dental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Radi Masri
- Dental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Dental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Fabrício Mezzomo Collares
- Dental Materials Department, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Mary Anne Samapio Melo
- Dental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland Dental School, General Dentistry, 650 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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9
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Physicochemical and biological evaluation of a triazine-methacrylate monomer into a dental resin. J Dent 2021; 114:103818. [PMID: 34560223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to (1) formulate blend resins with 2.5 or 5 wt.% of the methacrylate monomer 1,3,5-triacryloylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (TAT), and (2) to evaluate the blend resins regarding the physicochemical and biological properties. METHODS The base resin was formulated mixing 60 wt.% of bisphenol A glycol dimethacrylate and 40 wt.% of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate with photoinitiator/co/initiator system. TAT was added at 2.5 (G2.5%) or 5 (G5%) wt.%, and a group without TAT was used as control (Gctrl). The resins were analyzed for degree of conversion (DC), Knoop hardness (KHN), softening in solvent (ΔKHN), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), contact angle, surface free energy (SFE), antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation, and cytotoxicity against human keratinocytes. RESULTS There was no difference for the DC (p = 0.676). The addition of TAT at 5 wt.% induced higher KHN (p<0.001), higher resistance against softening in solvent (p<0.001), and higher UTS (p = 0.04). There were no statistically significant differences for contact angle with water (p = 0.106), α-bromonaphtalene (p = 0.454), and SFE (p = 0.172). The higher the TAT concentration, the higher the antibacterial activity (p<0.001). G2.5% showed no cytotoxicity compared to Gctrl (p>0.05), and G5% induced lower cell viability (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The addition of 2.5 wt.% of TAT is suitable for conveying antibacterial activity for dental resins without changing the physicochemical properties or impairing the cytotoxic effect. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Methacrylate monomers that decrease bacterial viability and copolymerize with the resin matrix are exciting approaches to developing therapeutic materials. TAT showed promising properties to may hamper and prevent carious lesions when incorporated into dental materials. Further evaluations with higher cariogenic challenges will be carried to analyze the formulated materials.
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10
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Scialla S, Martuscelli G, Nappi F, Singh SSA, Iervolino A, Larobina D, Ambrosio L, Raucci MG. Trends in Managing Cardiac and Orthopaedic Device-Associated Infections by Using Therapeutic Biomaterials. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1556. [PMID: 34066192 PMCID: PMC8151391 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, there has been an increasing number of cardiac and orthopaedic implanted medical devices, which has caused an increased incidence of device-associated infections. The surfaces of these indwelling devices are preferred sites for the development of biofilms that are potentially lethal for patients. Device-related infections form a large proportion of hospital-acquired infections and have a bearing on both morbidity and mortality. Treatment of these infections is limited to the use of systemic antibiotics with invasive revision surgeries, which had implications on healthcare burdens. The purpose of this review is to describe the main causes that lead to the onset of infection, highlighting both the biological and clinical pathophysiology. Both passive and active surface treatments have been used in the field of biomaterials to reduce the impact of these infections. This includes the use of antimicrobial peptides and ionic liquids in the preventive treatment of antibiotic-resistant biofilms. Thus far, multiple in vivo studies have shown efficacious effects against the antibiotic-resistant biofilm. However, this has yet to materialize in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Scialla
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials of National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), 80125 Naples, Italy; (S.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Giorgia Martuscelli
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Naples, Italy;
| | - Francesco Nappi
- Centre Cardiologie du Nord de Saint-Denis, Department of Cardiac Surgery, 93200 Paris, France; (F.N.); (A.I.)
| | | | - Adelaide Iervolino
- Centre Cardiologie du Nord de Saint-Denis, Department of Cardiac Surgery, 93200 Paris, France; (F.N.); (A.I.)
| | - Domenico Larobina
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials of National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), 80125 Naples, Italy; (S.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials of National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), 80125 Naples, Italy; (S.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Maria Grazia Raucci
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials of National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), 80125 Naples, Italy; (S.S.); (D.L.)
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