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Trends in female first-author abstracts at the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Annual Meeting, 1990-2020. Am J Emerg Med 2023; 63:22-28. [PMID: 36306648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2022.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe first author gender differences and characteristics in 1) Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) Annual Meeting abstracts and 2) resulting manuscript publications. METHODS We performed cross-sectional evaluation of SAEM abstracts from 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020, compiling and reviewing a random sample of 100 abstracts for each year (total n = 700 abstracts). We documented abstract characteristics, including first author gender, and used the 2020 SAEM scoring rubric. We then searched PubMed to identify manuscript publications resulting from abstracts from 1990 to 2015 (n = 600). Finally, among abstracts that resulted in manuscript publication, we identified first and last author gender on both the abstracts and the resulting publication. RESULTS Overall, 29% (202/695; n = 5 missing gender) of abstracts had female first authors. Female first authors increased over time (e.g., 17% in 1990 to 35% in 2020). Abstract quality scores were similar (both median [interquartile range] of 11 ([9-12]). Overall, 42% (n = 254/600) of abstracts resulted in a manuscript publication, 39% (n = 65/202) with female and 44% (n = 189/493) with male first authors (p = 0.26). The median time (IQR) from abstract to manuscript publication was longer for abstracts with female first authors vs. those with male first authors (2 [1-3] years and 1 [1, 2] years, p < 0.02); 77% and 78% of publications resulting from abstracts with female and male first authors, respectively, had the same first author. Female first author abstracts more often converted to a male first author manuscript publication (18%, n = 12/65) compared to male first author abstracts converting to female first author publications (7%, n = 14/189). CONCLUSIONS A minority of SAEM abstracts, and manuscript publications resulting from them, had female first authors. Abstracts with female first authors took longer to achieve manuscript publication, and almost a fifth of female first author abstracts resulted in male first author manuscript publication.
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Oh L, Linden JA, Zeidan A, Salhi B, Lema PC, Pierce AE, Greene AL, Werner SL, Heron SL, Lall, MD, Finnell JT, Franks N, Battaglioli NJ, Haber J, Sampson C, Fisher J, Pillow MT, Doshi AA, Lo B. Overcoming barriers to promotion for women and underrepresented in medicine faculty in academic emergency medicine. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open 2021; 2:e12552. [PMID: 34984414 PMCID: PMC8692182 DOI: 10.1002/emp2.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Equity in the promotion of women and underrepresented minorities (URiM) is essential for the advancement of academic emergency medicine and the specialty as a whole. Forward-thinking healthcare organizations can best position themselves to optimally care for an increasingly diverse patient population and mentor trainees by championing increased diversity in senior faculty ranks, leadership, and governance roles. This article explores several potential solutions to addressing inequities that hinder the advancement of women and URiM faculty. It is intended to complement the recently approved American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) policy statement aimed at overcoming barriers to promotion of women and URiM faculty in academic emergency medicine. This policy statement was jointly released and supported by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM), American Academy of Emergency Medicine (AAEM), and the Association of Academic Chairs of Emergency Medicine (AACEM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Oh
- Department of Emergency MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Judith A. Linden
- Department of Emergency MedicineBoston Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Amy Zeidan
- Department of Emergency MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Bisan Salhi
- Department of Emergency MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Penelope C. Lema
- Department of Emergency MedicineColumbia University Valegos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Ava E. Pierce
- Department of Emergency MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Andrea L. Greene
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity Medical CenterEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Sandra L. Werner
- Department of Emergency MedicineMetroHealth Medical Center/Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Sheryl L. Heron
- Department of Emergency MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - John T. Finnell
- Department of Emergency MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Nicole Franks
- Department of Emergency MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Jordana Haber
- Department of Emergency MedicineUNLV School of MedicineLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Christopher Sampson
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Jonathan Fisher
- Department of Emergency MedicineUNTHSC‐TCU School of MedicineFort WorthTexasUSA
| | - M. Tyson Pillow
- Department of Emergency MedicineBaylor College of MedicineDallasTexasUSA
| | - Ankur A. Doshi
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Bruce Lo
- Department of Emergency MedicineSentara Norfolk General Hospital/Eastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
- Department of Emergency MedicineUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
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Vural S, Sayılan G, Şentürk B, Yılmaz MB, Çoşkun F. Women's representation in emergency medicine journals across two decades: 2000-2019. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 50:501-506. [PMID: 34536722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary aim was to determine women's representation as authors in emergency medicine journals in various authorship positions over the last 20 years. The secondary aim was to compare the two decades to analyze the development over time. METHOD We conducted a retrospective bibliometric analysis of three emergency medicine journals from the online archives of 2000-2019. RESULTS We analyzed a total of 7939 original research and review articles. Female authorships at the first (25,8%), last (18,7%), and corresponding (21,6%) positions were limited, despite the relatively high presence rate (72,5%). Women authored 13,1% of all single-authored publications. When the number of authors increased, the odds for women as co-authors increased. However, the odds for last and corresponding authorship decreased, while the odds for the first authorship remained unchanged. When two decades were compared, we found that proportions of women as first and corresponding authorship increased ([23,8% vs. 27,0%] p = 0.001 and [20,0% vs. 22,6%] p = 0.228, respectively) while the representation as the last author remained unchanged ([19,4% vs 18,3%] p = 0.006). The presence of women in any authorship position also increased significantly ([66,1% vs. 76,5%] p = 0.000) across two decades, with similar trends for the different journals studied. However, the yearly analysis shows that women's representation follows a fluctuating pattern with a minimal increase. When analyzing specific journals, we found that the increase in female authors as first and corresponding authors was limited to Academic Emergency Medicine ([24,7% vs 34,5%] p = 0.000 and [21,4% vs 32,1%] p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS Results of this study are promising in showing that the representation of women in emergency medicine publications is rising during the recent decade. Although the academic gender gap has not been closed, steps taken for gender equality in academic emergency medicine are clearly notable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevilay Vural
- Yozgat Bozok University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey.
| | - Gülden Sayılan
- Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bihter Şentürk
- Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Birhan Yılmaz
- Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Figen Çoşkun
- Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
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Purdy ME, Zmuda BN, Owens AM, Choudhary V, Olsen RC, Bader JO, Donaldson CM. Gender differences in publication in emergency medicine journals. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 49:338-342. [PMID: 34229241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have suggested gender disparities in both pay and academic promotion which may adversely affect salary and career progression for female physicians. The areas of research output, funding, and authorship have not been fully and systematically examined in the emergency medicine literature. We hypothesize that gender differences may exist in research output, impact, authorship, and funding. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study examining all published articles in the top three emergency medicine journals as determined by Impact Factor between February 2015 and February 2018. We compared the authorship, number of citations of each article, funding, and h-index of each author by gender. RESULTS Of the 10,118 authors representing 4166 original articles in our sample, 7562 (74.7%) were male and 2556 (25.3%) were female, with females underrepresented relative to the known proportion of female emergency medicine faculty. Males were proportionally more likely to be last authors (OR 1.65, 95% CI, 1.47-1.86) and less likely to be first authors than females (OR 0.85, 95% CI, 0.77-0.94). No difference in proportions of males and females in terms of being named as having funding was found (OR 1.02, 95% CI, 0.78-1.35). Males had higher h-indexes than females (5 vs. 3, p < .001) as well as a higher average number of citations (OR 1.068, 95% CI, 1.018-1.119). CONCLUSIONS Males outnumber females in terms of numbers of publications, but also in number of citations, h-index, and last authorship. Future studies on physician gender disparities in emergency medicine need to account for these population differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Purdy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tripler Army Medical Center, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859, USA
| | - Brittnee N Zmuda
- Department of Internal Medicine, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, 5005 N Piedras St, El Paso, TX 79920, USA.
| | - Allyson M Owens
- Department of Internal Medicine, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, 5005 N Piedras St, El Paso, TX 79920, USA.
| | - Vivek Choudhary
- Department of Internal Medicine, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, 5005 N Piedras St, El Paso, TX 79920, USA
| | - Ryder C Olsen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040A Jackson Ave, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, WA 98431, USA
| | - Julia O Bader
- Department of Clinical Investigations, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, 5005 N Piedras St, El Paso, TX 79920, USA.
| | - Chase M Donaldson
- Department of Intensive Care and Resuscitation, Anesthesia Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Mamtani M, Shofer F, Mudan A, Khatri U, Walker R, Perrone J, Aysola J. Quantifying gender disparity in physician authorship among commentary articles in three high-impact medical journals: an observational study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e034056. [PMID: 32102817 PMCID: PMC7044872 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scholarship plays a direct role in career advancement, promotion and authoritative recognition, and women physicians remain under-represented as authors of original research articles. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine if women physician authors are similarly under-represented in commentary articles within high-impact journals. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS In this observational study, we abstracted and analysed author information (gender and degree) and authorship position from commentary articles published in three high-impact journals between 1 January 2014 and 16 October 2018. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Authorship rate of commentary articles over a 5-year period by gender, degree, authorship position and journal. SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES To compare the proportion of men and women physician authorship of commentaries relative to the proportion of men and women physician faculty within academic medicine; and to examine the gender concordance among the last and first authors in articles with more than one author. RESULTS Of the 2087 articles during the study period, 48% were men physician first authors compared with 17% women physician first authors (p<0.0001). Of the 1477 articles with more than one author, similar distributions were found with regard to last authors: 55% were men physicians compared with only 12% women physicians (p<0.0001). The proportion of women physician first authors increased over time; however, the proportion of women physician last authors remained stagnant. Women coauthored with women in the first and last authorship positions in 9% of articles. In contrast, women coauthored with men in the first and last author positions, respectively, in 55% of articles. CONCLUSIONS Women physician authors remain under-represented in commentary articles compared with men physician authors in the first and last author positions. Women also coauthored commentaries with other women in far fewer numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Mamtani
- Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Frances Shofer
- Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anita Mudan
- Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Utsha Khatri
- Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jeanmarie Perrone
- Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jaya Aysola
- Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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State of the Journal: Women First Authors, Peer Reviewers, and Editorial Board Members at Annals of Emergency Medicine. Ann Emerg Med 2019; 74:731-735. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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International and Geographic Trends in Gender Authorship within Plastic Surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 144:1010-1016. [PMID: 31568321 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000006076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Professional advancement in academic plastic surgery may depend on scholarly activity. The authors evaluate gender-based publishing characteristics in three international plastic surgery journals. METHODS A retrospective review of all articles published in 2016 in the following journals was undertaken: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, European Journal of Plastic Surgery, Annals of Surgery, and New England Journal of Medicine. Data were collected on lead author gender (first or senior author) and differences in author gender proportions, by journal, by article topic, and by geographic location were evaluated. RESULTS Overall, 2610 articles were retrieved: 34.1 percent were from plastic surgery journals, 12.8 percent were from the Annals of Surgery, and 53.1 percent were from the New England Journal of Medicine. There was a lower proportion of female lead authors among plastic surgery journals compared with the Annals of Surgery and the New England Journal of Medicine (31 percent versus 39 percent versus 39 percent; p = 0.001). There were no differences in female lead author geographic location in the Annals of Surgery or the New England Journal of Medicine; within the plastic surgery journals, there were differences (p = 0.005), including a lower proportion arising from East Asia (15 percent) and a higher proportion arising from Canada (48 percent). Within plastic surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery had the lowest proportion of female lead author (p < 0.001). The proportion of female lead author varied by article topic (p < 0.001) and was notably higher in breast (45.6 percent) and lower in head and neck/craniofacial-orientated articles (25.0 percent). CONCLUSIONS There are gender disparities in three mainstream plastic surgery journals-Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, the European Journal of Plastic Surgery-and there are lower proportions of lead female authorship compared with the Annals of Surgery and the New England Journal of Medicine. Further research should focus on understanding any geographic disparities that may exist.
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Bernard C, Pommier R, Vilgrain V, Ronot M. Gender gap in articles published in European Radiology and CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology: evolution between 2002 and 2016. Eur Radiol 2019; 30:1011-1019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-019-06390-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pagel PS, Freed JK, Lien CA. Gender Differences in Authorship in the Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia: A 28-Year Analysis of Publications Originating From the United States, 1990-2017. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019; 33:593-599. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Siddle JP, Ryckman SN, Hobgood CD, Kline JA. Positive and Negative Influences on Female First Authorship Emergency Medicine Research. Acad Emerg Med 2019; 26:327-330. [PMID: 30706644 DOI: 10.1111/acem.13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennica P. Siddle
- Department of Emergency Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisIN
| | - Sydney N. Ryckman
- Department of Emergency Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisIN
| | - Cherri D. Hobgood
- Department of Emergency Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisIN
| | - Jeffrey A. Kline
- Department of Emergency Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisIN
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Female-Authored Articles Are More Likely to Include Methods-Trained Authors. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2019; 3:35-42. [PMID: 30899907 PMCID: PMC6408719 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Studies with authors trained in research methods are of higher quality than those without. We examined inclusion of authors with master's or doctoral degrees incorporating advanced research methods training on original research articles in high-impact journals, investigating differences between journals and by first-author sex. Methods Using all original research articles from 1 issue of The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), Annals of Internal Medicine (Annals), and JAMA-Internal Medicine/Archives of Internal Medicine (Archives) every alternate month, February 1994 to October 2016, we assessed the prevalence of articles listing authors with master's/doctoral research degrees and its adjusted associations with time of publication, journal, and first-author sex via multivariable logistic regression models (accounting for number of authors, study type, specialty/topic, and continent and for interactions between journal and time of publication, study type, and continent). Results Of 3009 articles examined, 84.4% (n=2539) had authors listing research degrees. After adjustment, the prevalence of such articles increased from 1994 to 2016 (P<.001), but patterns differed among journals. Annals and NEJM increased to approximately100% by 2016; JAMA and Archives peaked around 2010 to 2011, then declined. Articles with female first authors were more likely to list authors with research degrees (adjusted odds ratio=1.66; 95% CI, 1.29-2.13; P<.001). Conclusion The prevalence of original research articles listing authors trained in research methods in high-impact journals increased significantly but is now declining at some journals, with potential effects on quality. The greater prevalence among female first-authored articles suggests possible sex differences in structuring/crediting research teams or subconscious sex bias during review.
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Pyatigorskaya N, Di Marco L. Women authorship in radiology research in France: An analysis of the last three decades. Diagn Interv Imaging 2017; 98:769-773. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Filardo G, da Graca B, Sass DM, Pollock BD, Smith EB, Martinez MAM. Trends and comparison of female first authorship in high impact medical journals: observational study (1994-2014). BMJ 2016; 352:i847. [PMID: 26935100 PMCID: PMC4775869 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.i847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine changes in representation of women among first authors of original research published in high impact general medical journals from 1994 to 2014 and investigate differences between journals. DESIGN Observational study. STUDY SAMPLE All original research articles published in Annals of Internal Medicine, Archives of Internal Medicine, The BMJ, JAMA, The Lancet, and the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) for one issue every alternate month from February 1994 to June 2014. MAIN EXPOSURES Time and journal of publication. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of female first authorship and its adjusted association with time of publication and journal, assessed using a multivariable logistic regression model that accounted for number of authors, study type and specialty/topic, continent where the study was conducted, and the interactions between journal and time of publication, study type, and continent. Estimates from this model were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios against the mean across the six journals, with 95% confidence intervals and P values to describe the associations of interest. RESULTS The gender of the first author was determined for 3758 of the 3860 articles considered; 1273 (34%) were women. After adjustment, female first authorship increased significantly from 27% in 1994 to 37% in 2014 (P<0.001). The NEJM seemed to follow a different pattern, with female first authorship decreasing; it also seemed to decline in recent years in The BMJ but started substantially higher (approximately 40%), and The BMJ had the highest total proportion of female first authors. Compared with the mean across all six journals, first authors were significantly less likely to be female in the NEJM (adjusted odds ratio 0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.53 to 0.89) and significantly more likely to be female in The BMJ (1.30, 1.01 to 1.66) over the study period. CONCLUSIONS The representation of women among first authors of original research in high impact general medical journals was significantly higher in 2014 than 20 years ago, but it has plateaued in recent years and has declined in some journals. These results, along with the significant differences seen between journals, suggest that underrepresentation of research by women in high impact journals is still an important concern. The underlying causes need to be investigated to help to identify practices and strategies to increase women's influence on and contributions to the evidence that will determine future healthcare policies and standards of clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Filardo
- Department of Epidemiology, Office of the Chief Quality Officer, Baylor Scott & White Health, 8080 North Central Expressway, Dallas, TX 75206, USA
| | - Briget da Graca
- Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Office of the Chief Quality Officer, Baylor Scott & White Health, Dallas
| | - Danielle M Sass
- Department of Epidemiology, Office of the Chief Quality Officer, Baylor Scott & White Health, 8080 North Central Expressway, Dallas, TX 75206, USA
| | - Benjamin D Pollock
- Department of Epidemiology, Office of the Chief Quality Officer, Baylor Scott & White Health, 8080 North Central Expressway, Dallas, TX 75206, USA
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Ovseiko PV, Edmunds LD, Pololi LH, Greenhalgh T, Kiparoglou V, Henderson LR, Williamson C, Grant J, Lord GM, Channon KM, Lechler RI, Buchan AM. Markers of achievement for assessing and monitoring gender equity in translational research organisations: a rationale and study protocol. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e009022. [PMID: 26743702 PMCID: PMC4716190 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Translational research organisations (TROs) are a core component of the UK's expanding research base. Equity of career opportunity is key to ensuring a diverse and internationally competitive workforce. The UK now requires TROs to demonstrate how they are supporting gender equity. Yet, the evidence base for documenting such efforts is sparse. This study is designed to inform the acceleration of women's advancement and leadership in two of the UK's leading TROs--the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centres (BRCs) in Oxford and London--through the development, application and dissemination of a conceptual framework and measurement tool. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A cross-sectional retrospective evaluation. A conceptual framework with markers of achievement and corresponding candidate metrics has been specifically designed for this study based on an adapted balanced scorecard approach. It will be refined with an online stakeholder consultation and semistructured interviews to test the face validity and explore practices and mechanisms that influence gender equity in the given settings. Data will be collected via the relevant administrative databases. A comparison of two funding periods (2007-2012 and 2012-2017) will be carried out. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The University of Oxford Clinical Trials and Research Governance Team and the Research and Development Governance Team of Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust reviewed the study and deemed it exempt from full ethics review. The results of the study will be used to inform prospective planning and monitoring within the participating NIHR BRCs with a view to accelerating women's advancement and leadership. Both the results of the study and its methodology will be further disseminated to academics and practitioners through the networks of collaborating TROs, relevant conferences and articles in peer-reviewed journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Ovseiko
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Laurel D Edmunds
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Linda H Pololi
- National Initiative on Gender, Culture and Leadership in Medicine: C-Change, Brandeis University Women's Studies Research Center, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Trisha Greenhalgh
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vasiliki Kiparoglou
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Joint Research Office, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Lorna R Henderson
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Joint Research Office, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine Williamson
- Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Graham M Lord
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guys’ Hospital, London, UK
| | - Keith M Channon
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Joint Research Office, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Alastair M Buchan
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Joint Research Office, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Weiss DA, Kovshilovskaya B, Breyer BN. Gender trends of urology manuscript authors in the United States: a 35-year progression. J Urol 2011; 187:253-8. [PMID: 22099995 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The presence of women in urology has gradually increased in the last 35 years with an accelerated rate in the last decade. We evaluated manuscript authorship trends by gender. Manuscript authorship is a metric that has been used as a marker of academic productivity. We hypothesized that the number of first and last author publications by women has increased proportionately to the number of women in the field during the last 35 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a bibliometric study to examine authorship gender in The Journal of Urology® and Urology®. We reviewed all original articles published from American institutions in 1974, 1979, 1984, 1989, 1994, 1999, 2004 and 2009. RESULTS Of the 8,313 articles reviewed 5,461 were from American institutions, including 97.5% for which we determined author gender. There were 767 articles with female authors, including 440 first and 327 last authors. First and last female authorship increased from 2.7% of all authors in 1979 to 26.5% in 2009 (test for trend p <0.001). This authorship rate surpasses the rate of growth of women in urology, which increased from 0.24% in 1975 to 6.2% in 2008. CONCLUSIONS Based on authorship gender analysis women urologists produce manuscripts at a rate that exceeds their number in the field. Findings show that women in urology are productive, active members of the academic community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana A Weiss
- Department of Urology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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