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Kwak E, Kim JH, Choi NC, Seo E, Lee S. Longevity prediction of reactive media in permeable reactive barriers considering the contamination level and groundwater velocity at the planning site, with a focus on cadmium removal by zeolite. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141532. [PMID: 38403119 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Zeolite is a versatile and effective reactive material used in permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) for remediating groundwater contaminated with heavy metals. In this study, we evaluated the influence of subsurface environmental conditions, namely contamination level (C0) and groundwater velocity (v), on predicting the longevity of zeolite for cadmium (Cd) removal. Batch experiments were performed to investigate the effect of C0 on Cd removal, and column experiments were performed to examine how Cd transportation through zeolite varies at different C0 and v. Breakthrough curves (BTCs) were analyzed with an advection-dispersion equation (ADE) coupled with nonequilibrium sorption rate models. The reaction parameters indicating the performance metrics of zeolite were determined using an iterative fitting approach-retardation factor (R), partitioning coefficient (β), and mass transfer coefficient (ω). R exhibited dependence on C0, but was unrelated to v; its rapid increase at lower C0 was explained by Langmuir sorption isotherms. β and ω, integral to sorption dynamics and mass transfer, respectively, showcased functional relationships with v. β decreased gradually as v increased, described by the nonequilibrium sorption model, whereas ω increased steadily with v, guided by the Monod function. Using the relationship of these parameters, the fate and transport of Cd within zeolite was simulated under various subsurface environmental conditions to construct the longevity prediction function. Thus, this study introduces a method for predicting the longevity of reactive materials, which can be valuable for designing PRBs with high longevity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjie Kwak
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Nag-Choul Choi
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Euiyoung Seo
- Korea Mine Rehabilitation and Mineral Resources Corporation, 199, Hyeoksin-ro, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26464, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonjae Lee
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Waqas M, Ahmad H. Trapping of heavy metal ions from electroplating wastewater with phosphorylated double-shelled hollow spheres. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:140968. [PMID: 38147924 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The mesoporous multi-shelled hollow structures are promising for trapping of non-degradable heavy metal ions in wastewater but difficult to synthesize. We successfully demonstrated a simple strategy for the construction of mesopore windows on double-shelled α-Fe2O3 hollow spheres. A step-by-step proof of concept synthesis mechanism has been revealed by using mainly electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. We proved that mesopore windows are indispensable to realize the complete surface coverage of phosphonate ligands on α-Fe2O3 double-shelled hollow spheres. The phosphonic groups inherently coordinated with Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions and formed complexes of high stability. Importantly, owing to the structural merits, the phosphorylated double-shelled hollow spheres selectively removes Ni(II) and Cu(II) at wider sample pH range with a high capacity of 380 mg g-1 and 410 mg g-1, respectively. In addition, no significant decrease in the removal efficiency was observed under high salt matrix. For electroplating industry wastewater, the novel structure performs simultaneous Ni(II) and Cu(II) removal, thus producing effluent of stable quality that meets local discharge regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hilal Ahmad
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Zhang W, Qi L, Li D, Xiao L. A kinetic model for porosity evaluation in Fe(0) mixed material-based sequential groundwater remediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168507. [PMID: 37963539 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
In aquifer systems, particularly those characterized by homogeneity in the shallow layers, the even distribution of contaminants, such as solutes, solvents, and reductive agents or substrates is frequently impeded. Consequently, this complicates the accurate delineation homogeneity within the groundwater matrix, which is a crucial aspect for the effective subsurface treatment of contaminants. In this study, columnar assays were conducted using acid-activated zero-valent iron [Fe(0), ZVI] emulated in situ remediation across disparate iron-to-sand weight ratios. To decipher the interaction between porosity and solute migration, a mass transfer-centric model was developed to provide quantitative insights during heterogeneous groundwater interventions. The results revealed that nitrate attenuation by Fe(0) rigorously adheres to a first-order kinetic paradigm. The efficiency porosity (n̅) during non-equilibrium (rate-limited) conditions can be calculated under different NO3- concentrations and Fe(0)/sand ratios. This analysis predicts that large porosity and preferential flow will occur in the Fe(0)50/% and Fe(0)25/% columns. The optimal parameters were determined as a mixing ratio of Fe(0)/sand of 0.5/0.5 (volume) and an HRT of 7.3 h when the influent NO3--N concentration ranged from 20 mg·L-1 to 100 mg·L-1, resulting in enhanced nitrate removal efficiency. A positive correlation was observed between K (a mass-transfer rate coefficient) and Fe(0)/sand ratio. Using a power-law function to fit A [the value of fitting parameter] and the Fe(0)/sand ratio, a positive correlation was calculated that closely resembles the trend observed in lab columns. This model subsequently facilitated the calibration of operational variables, optimizing the in situ amelioration of nitrate-laden groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, No. 508, 2nd Street, Qiantang District, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China; Civil Structural & Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2 D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Liang Qi
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dunzhu Li
- Civil Structural & Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2 D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Liwen Xiao
- Civil Structural & Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2 D02 PN40, Ireland.
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4
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Azizi N, Oskooee AR, Farhadi E, Saadat M. Highly efficient removal of trace heavy metals by high surface area ordered dithiocarbamate-functionalized magnetic mesoporous silica. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:112503-112516. [PMID: 37831267 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The study describes synthesizing and characterizing a novel dithiocarbamate-functionalized magnetic nanocomposite. This nanocomposite exhibits several desirable properties, including a large pore diameter of 2.55 nm, a high surface area of 1149 m2/g, and excellent capturing capabilities. The synthesis process involves the preparation of highly porous magnetic nanocomposites, followed by functionalization with dithiocarbamate functional groups through a reaction with carbon disulfide and amine. The synthesized nanocomposite was thoroughly characterized using various techniques, including X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The performance of the mesoporous nanocomposite as an adsorbent for removing Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II) cations from contaminated water was evaluated. The study finds that the maximum removal efficiency for Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II) cations is achieved at pH values above 4. The optimal contact time for achieving 100% removal efficiency of the mentioned cations ranged between 60 and 120 min. Within this time range, the adsorbent exhibited efficient capture of the heavy metal cations from contaminated water. Additionally, the appropriate amount of adsorbent required for complete elimination of the heavy metal cations is determined. For Cd(II), the optimal dosage was found to be 50 mg of the adsorbent. For Cu(II), the optimal dosage was determined to be 40 mg. Finally, for Pb(II), the optimal dosage was 30 mg. The adsorbent's regeneration capability was demonstrated, showing that it could be reused for five consecutive runs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmedin Azizi
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, P.O. Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Elham Farhadi
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, P.O. Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Saadat
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, P.O. Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Padhye LP, Srivastava P, Jasemizad T, Bolan S, Hou D, Shaheen SM, Rinklebe J, O'Connor D, Lamb D, Wang H, Siddique KHM, Bolan N. Contaminant containment for sustainable remediation of persistent contaminants in soil and groundwater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 455:131575. [PMID: 37172380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Contaminant containment measures are often necessary to prevent or minimize offsite movement of contaminated materials for disposal or other purposes when they can be buried or left in place due to extensive subsurface contamination. These measures can include physical, chemical, and biological technologies such as impermeable and permeable barriers, stabilization and solidification, and phytostabilization. Contaminant containment is advantageous because it can stop contaminant plumes from migrating further and allow for pollutant reduction at sites where the source is inaccessible or cannot be removed. Moreover, unlike other options, contaminant containment measures do not require the excavation of contaminated substrates. However, contaminant containment measures require regular inspections to monitor for contaminant mobilization and migration. This review critically evaluates the sources of persistent contaminants, the different approaches to contaminant remediation, and the various physical-chemical-biological processes of contaminant containment. Additionally, the review provides case studies of contaminant containment operations under real or simulated field conditions. In summary, contaminant containment measures are essential for preventing further contamination and reducing risks to public health and the environment. While periodic monitoring is necessary, the benefits of contaminant containment make it a valuable remediation option when other methods are not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh P Padhye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Prashant Srivastava
- CSIRO, The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Environment Business Unit, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Tahereh Jasemizad
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Shiv Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - David O'Connor
- School of Real Estate and Land Management, Royal Agricultural University, Cirencester, Gloucestershire GL7 6JS, United Kingdom
| | - Dane Lamb
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
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Soleimani H, Sharafi K, Amiri Parian J, Jaafari J, Ebrahimzadeh G. Acidic modification of natural stone for Remazol Black B dye adsorption from aqueous solution- central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM). Heliyon 2023; 9:e14743. [PMID: 37025793 PMCID: PMC10070669 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the adsorption capacity of Remazol Black B (RBB) from aqueous solutions using a pumice stone as a cheap, high-frequent, and available adsorbent. The raw pumice was modified using five acids: Acetic, Sulfuric, Phosphoric, Nitric, and Hydrochloric acid. Fourier transform infrared spectrograph (FTIR), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the morphological and chemical properties of raw and modified adsorbents. The adsorption capacity equilibrium was investigated using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin - Radushkevich isotherms. The results indicated that the data are well-fitted with Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity was observed when pumice modified with H2SO4 (qm = 10.00 mg/g) was used, and the RBB removal efficiency was higher than that for raw pumice (qm = 5.26 mg/g). Also, the results were best fitted with pseudo-second-order kinetic. The experiments indicated that increasing the RBB concentration reduces the efficiency of adsorbents while increasing the contact time and adsorbent doses improved the RBB removal efficiency. Accordingly, it can be concluded that pumice stone modified with various acids can be considered a cheap adsorbent with high efficiency in removing RBB from industry effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Soleimani
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Student's Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiomars Sharafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Jafar Amiri Parian
- Biosystems Engineering Department, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
- Corresponding author.
| | - Jalil Jaafari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Research Center of Health and Environment, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
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7
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Ghorbani S, Habibi D, Heydari S, Mohammadi M, Ariannezhad M. A novel and capable supported phenylazophenylenediamine-based nano-adsorbent for removal of the Pb, Cd, and Ni ions from aqueous solutions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:32762-32775. [PMID: 36469269 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24554-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of chrysoidine (4-phenylazo-m-phenylenediamine) grafted on magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2@CPTMS@PhAzPhDA = FeSiPAPDA) as a novel and versatile adsorbent used for the satisfactory removal of Pb, Ni, and Cd ions from contaminated water via the formation of their complexes. The Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, and Redlich-Patterson isotherm models were studied to reveal the adsorption capability of the adsorbent and were found out that the Langmuir model is more compatible with the nano-adsorbent behavior. Moreover, according to the ICP tests as well as based on the Langmuir isotherm, the maximum adsorption capacity of the FeSiPAPDA-based adsorbent for the Pb ions (97.58) is more than that of Cd (78.59) and Ni ions (64.03).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Ghorbani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 6517838683, Iran.
| | - Davood Habibi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 6517838683, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, P.O. Box 69315516, Ilam, Iran
| | - Maryam Ariannezhad
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 6517838683, Iran
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8
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Lawrinenko M, Kurwadkar S, Wilkin RT. Long-term performance evaluation of zero-valent iron amended permeable reactive barriers for groundwater remediation - A mechanistic approach. GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERS 2023; 14:1-13. [PMID: 36760680 PMCID: PMC9903902 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2022.101494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) are used for groundwater remediation at contaminated sites worldwide. This technology has been efficient at appropriate sites for treating organic and inorganic contaminants using zero-valent iron (ZVI) as a reductant and as a reactive material. Continued development of the technology over the years suggests that a robust understanding of PRB performance and the mechanisms involved is still lacking. Conflicting information in the scientific literature downplays the critical role of ZVI corrosion in the remediation of various organic and inorganic pollutants. Additionally, there is a lack of information on how different mechanisms act in tandem to affect ZVI-groundwater systems through time. In this review paper, we describe the underlying mechanisms of PRB performance and remove isolated misconceptions. We discuss the primary mechanisms of ZVI transformation and aging in PRBs and the role of iron corrosion products. We review numerous sites to reinforce our understanding of the interactions between groundwater contaminants and ZVI and the authigenic minerals that form within PRBs. Our findings show that ZVI corrosion products and mineral precipitates play critical roles in the long-term performance of PRBs by influencing the reactivity of ZVI. Pore occlusion by mineral precipitates occurs at the influent side of PRBs and is enhanced by dissolved oxygen and groundwater rich in dissolved solids and high alkalinity, which negatively impacts hydraulic conductivity, allowing contaminants to potentially bypass the treatment zone. Further development of site characterization tools and models is needed to support effective PRB designs for groundwater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lawrinenko
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 919 Kerr Research Drive, Ada, OK 74820, USA
| | - Sudarshan Kurwadkar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, California State University, 800 N. State College Blvd., Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
| | - Richard T. Wilkin
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 919 Kerr Research Drive, Ada, OK 74820, USA
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Khorram Abadi V, Habibi D, Heydari S, Ariannezhad M. The effective removal of Ni 2+, Cd 2+, and Pb 2+ from aqueous solution by adenine-based nano-adsorbent. RSC Adv 2023; 13:5970-5982. [PMID: 36816085 PMCID: PMC9936600 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07230k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of heavy metal ions in drinking and wastewater generates environmental and human health concerns as they are known as cumulative poisons. Therefore, the purification of contaminated waters is an important ecological issue. Various techniques have been developed to address this issue, where adsorption has received widespread attention. The facile synthesis of effective adenine-based nano-adsorbents is reported and adsorptive removal of Ni2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ from aqueous media was investigated by inductively-coupled plasma analyses, adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies. The effects of pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, and temperature were optimized. The maximum adsorption capacity was achieved at pH = 7, an adsorbent dose of 25 mg, and an initial concentration of 50 mg L-1 at 25 °C. A thermodynamic study showed that adsorption is an endothermic process, and the Langmuir model fitted well to the ion adsorption data to reveal that the maximum adsorption capacities for Ni2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ were 273.7, 252.4, and 249.8 mg g-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Khorram Abadi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan 6517838683 Iran +98 81 38380709 +98 81 38380922
| | - Davood Habibi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan 6517838683 Iran +98 81 38380709 +98 81 38380922
| | | | - Maryam Ariannezhad
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan 6517838683 Iran +98 81 38380709 +98 81 38380922
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Singh R, Chakma S, Birke V. Performance of field-scale permeable reactive barriers: An overview on potentials and possible implications for in-situ groundwater remediation applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:158838. [PMID: 36122715 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) are significant among all the promising remediation technologies for treating contaminated groundwater. Since the first commercial full field-scale PRB emplacement in Sunnyvale, California, in 1994-1995, >200 PRB systems have been installed worldwide. The main working principle of a PRB is to treat a variety of contaminants downstream from the contaminated source zone ("hot spot"). However, to accurately assess the longevity of PRBs, it is essential to know the total contaminant mass in the source area and its approximate geometry. PRBs are regarded as both a safeguarding and an advanced decontamination technique, depending on the contamination scenario and its outcome during the operational lifetime of the barrier. In the last three decades, many PRBs have performed very well, that is, met expected clean-up goals at a variety of contaminated sites. However, there is still the necessity of thoroughly evaluating the implications of the performance of different PRB designs and reactive or adsorptive materials worldwide. Therefore, this study presents a comprehensive overview of field-scale PRBs applications and their long-term performance after on-site emplacements. This paper provides in-depth insight into this passive in-situ remediation technology for treating and even eliminating a contaminated plume over a long time in the subsurface. The overview will help all stakeholders worldwide understand the implications of PRBs and guide them to take all the required measures before its on-site application to avoid any potential failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India; Faculty of Engineering Science, Department of Mechanical, Process, and Environmental Engineering, University of Wismar - University of Applied Sciences, Technology, Business, and Design, Philipp-Müller-Str. 14, 23966 Wismar, Germany.
| | - Sumedha Chakma
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Volker Birke
- Faculty of Engineering Science, Department of Mechanical, Process, and Environmental Engineering, University of Wismar - University of Applied Sciences, Technology, Business, and Design, Philipp-Müller-Str. 14, 23966 Wismar, Germany
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11
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Padilla JT, Selim HM, Gaston LA. Modeling the sorption of Ni(II) and Zn(II) by Mn oxide-coated sand: Equilibrium and kinetic approaches. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2022; 51:1168-1180. [PMID: 35985791 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of metal cations in oxide-dominated systems is controlled by sorption reactions, which in turn depend on pH. Descriptions of such reactions are of interest for contaminant monitoring or remediation efforts; however, widely used isotherms such as Freundlich or Langmuir neglect the effect of pH and are therefore limited in their applicability. Two pH-dependent isotherms and their kinetic analogs were developed and evaluated regarding their ability to describe equilibrium and time-dependent sorption of Ni and Zn by Mn oxide-coated sand (MOCS). The sorption of Ni and Zn by MOCS at pH 4.0, 5.5, and 7.0 was investigated using batch equilibration and stirred-flow techniques. The affinity of MOCS for either metal cation was highly pH dependent, with greater affinity at higher pH. Both isotherms described the batch data well. Flow interruption during stirred-flow experiments indicated that chemical nonequilibrium existed between solution and sorbed phases of both Ni and Zn and that such nonequilibrium was greater with increasing pH. Both kinetic models provided good descriptions of the solution data from stirred-flow experiments and correctly captured the effect of pH on chemical nonequilibrium. These models offer simple alternatives to surface complexation approaches and are expected to be easily applied to describe equilibrium and time-dependent sorption of a wide range of metal cations by variably charged minerals or oxide-coated media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Padilla
- USDA-ARS, Coastal Plain Soil, Water & Plant Research Center, 2611 W. Lucas St., Florence, SC, 29501, USA
| | - H Magdi Selim
- School of Plant, Environmental, and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State Univ., Tower Rd., Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Lewis A Gaston
- School of Plant, Environmental, and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State Univ., Tower Rd., Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
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12
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Konadu-Amoah B, Ndé-Tchoupé AI, Hu R, Gwenzi W, Noubactep C. Investigating the Fe 0/H 2O systems using the methylene blue method: Validity, applications, and future directions. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132913. [PMID: 34788675 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An innovative approach to characterize the reactivity of metallic iron (Fe0) for aqueous contaminant removal has been in use for a decade: The methylene blue method (MB method). The approach considers the differential adsorptive affinity of methylene blue (MB) for sand and iron oxides. The MB method characterizes MB discoloration by sand as it is progressively coated by in-situ generated iron corrosion products (FeCPs) to deduce the extent of iron corrosion. The MB method is a semi-quantitative tool that has successfully clarified some contradicting reports on the Fe0/H2O system. Moreover, it has the potential to serve as a powerful tool for routine tests in the Fe0 remediation industry, including quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC). However, MB is widely used as a 'molecular probe' to characterize the Fe0/H2O system, for instance for wastewater treatment. Thus, there is scope to avoid confusion created by the multiple uses of MB in Fe0/H2O systems. The present communication aims at filling this gap by presenting the science of the MB method, and its application and limitations. It is concluded that the MB method is very suitable for Fe0 material screening and optimization of operational designs. However, the MB method only provides semi-quantitative information, but gives no data on the solid-phase characterization of solid Fe0 and its reaction products. In other words, further comprehensive investigations with microscopic and spectroscopic surface and solid-state analyses are needed to complement results from the MB method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Konadu-Amoah
- School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Fo Cheng Xi Road 8, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Arnaud Igor Ndé-Tchoupé
- School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Fo Cheng Xi Road 8, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Rui Hu
- School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Fo Cheng Xi Road 8, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Willis Gwenzi
- Biosystems and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - Chicgoua Noubactep
- Centre for Modern Indian Studies (CeMIS), Universität Göttingen, Waldweg 26, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Applied Geology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Water and Environmental Science and Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania; Faculty of Science and Technology, Campus of Banekane, Université des Montagnes, P.O. Box 208, Bangangté, Cameroon.
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13
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The Suitability of Hybrid Fe0/Aggregate Filtration Systems for Water Treatment. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Metallic iron (Fe0) corrosion under immersed conditions (Fe0/H2O system) has been used for water treatment for the past 170 years. Fe0 generates solid iron corrosion products (FeCPs) which are known to in situ coat the surface of aggregates, including granular activated carbon (GAC), gravel, lapillus, manganese oxide (MnO2), pyrite (FeS2), and sand. While admixing Fe0 and reactive aggregates to build hybrid systems (e.g., Fe0/FeS2, Fe0/MnO2, Fe0/sand) for water treatment, it has been largely overlooked that these materials would experience reactivity loss upon coating. This communication clarifies the relationships between aggregate addition and the sustainability of Fe0/H2O filtration systems. It is shown that any enhanced contaminant removal efficiency in Fe0/aggregate/H2O systems relative to the Fe0/H2O system is related to the avoidance/delay of particle cementation by virtue of the non-expansive nature of the aggregates. The argument that aggregate addition sustains any reductive transformation of contaminants mediated by electrons from Fe0 is disproved by the evidence that Fe0/sand systems are equally more efficient than pure Fe0 systems. This demonstration corroborates the concept that aqueous contaminant removal in iron/water systems is not a process mediated by electrons from Fe0. This communication reiterates that only hybrid Fe0/H2O filtration systems are sustainable.
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14
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Son BT, Long NV, Nhat Hang NT. Fly ash-, foundry sand-, clay-, and pumice-based metal oxide nanocomposites as green photocatalysts. RSC Adv 2021; 11:30805-30826. [PMID: 35498918 PMCID: PMC9041310 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05647f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal oxides possess exceptional physicochemical properties which make them ideal materials for critical photocatalytic applications. However, of major interest, their photocatalytic applications are hampered by several drawbacks, consisting of prompt charge recombination of charge carriers, low surface area, inactive under visible light, and inefficient as well as expensive post-treatment recovery. The immobilization of metal oxide semiconductors on materials possessing high binding strength eliminates the impractical and costly recovery of spent catalysts in large-scale operations. Notably, the synthesis of green material (ash, clay, foundry sand, and pumice)-based metal oxides could provide a synergistic effect of the superior adsorption capacity of supporting materials and the photocatalytic activity of metal oxides. This phenomenon significantly improves the overall degradation efficiency of emerging pollutants. Inspired by the novel concept of "treating waste with waste", this contribution highlights recent advances in the utilization of natural material (clay mineral and pumice)- and waste material (ash and foundry sand)-based metal oxide nanocomposites for photodegradation of various pollutants. First, principles, mechanism, challenges towards using metal oxide as photocatalysts, and immobilization techniques are systematically summarized. Then, sources, classifications, properties, and chemical composition of green materials are briefly described. Recent advances in the utilization of green materials-based metal oxide composites for the photodegradation of various pollutants are highlighted. Finally, in the further development of green materials-derived photocatalysts, we underlined the current gaps that are worthy of deeper research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bui Thanh Son
- Nanotechnology, Thu Dau Mot University Binh Duong Province Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Viet Long
- Nanotechnology, Thu Dau Mot University Binh Duong Province Vietnam
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15
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Li M, Shang H, Li H, Hong Y, Ling C, Wei K, Zhou B, Mao C, Ai Z, Zhang L. Kirkendall Effect Boosts Phosphorylated nZVI for Efficient Heavy Metal Wastewater Treatment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Institute of Applied & Environmental Chemistry College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 P. R. China
| | - Huan Shang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Institute of Applied & Environmental Chemistry College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Institute of Applied & Environmental Chemistry College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Institute of Applied & Environmental Chemistry College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 P. R. China
| | - Cancan Ling
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Institute of Applied & Environmental Chemistry College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 P. R. China
| | - Kai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Institute of Applied & Environmental Chemistry College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 P. R. China
| | - Biao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Institute of Applied & Environmental Chemistry College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 P. R. China
| | - Chengliang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Institute of Applied & Environmental Chemistry College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Institute of Applied & Environmental Chemistry College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 P. R. China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Institute of Applied & Environmental Chemistry College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 P. R. China
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Li M, Shang H, Li H, Hong Y, Ling C, Wei K, Zhou B, Mao C, Ai Z, Zhang L. Kirkendall Effect Boosts Phosphorylated nZVI for Efficient Heavy Metal Wastewater Treatment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17115-17122. [PMID: 33991384 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Removal of non-biodegradable heavy metals has been the top priority in wastewater treatment and the development of green technologies remains a significant challenge. We demonstrate that phosphorylated nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) is promising for removal of heavy metals (NiII , CuII , CrVI , HgII ) via a boosted Kirkendall effect. Phosphorylation confines tensile hoop stress on the nZVI particles and "breaks" the structurally dense spherical nZVI to produce numerous radial nanocracks. Exemplified by NiII removal, the radial nanocracks favor the facile inward diffusion of NiII and the rapid outward transport of electrons and ferrous ions through the oxide shell for surface (NiII /electron) and boundary (NiII /Fe0 ) galvanic exchange. Accompanied by a pronounced hollowing phenomenon, phosphorylated nZVI can instantly reduce and immobilize NiII throughout the oxide shell with a high capacity (258 mg Ni g-1 Fe). For real electroplating factory wastewater treatment, this novel nZVI performs simultaneous NiII and CuII removal, producing effluent of stable quality that meets local discharge regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied & Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Huan Shang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied & Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied & Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied & Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Cancan Ling
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied & Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied & Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Biao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied & Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Chengliang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied & Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied & Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied & Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
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17
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Costa RB, Godoi LAG, Braga AFM, Delforno TP, Bevilaqua D. Sulfate removal rate and metal recovery as settling precipitates in bioreactors: Influence of electron donors. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123622. [PMID: 33264855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Four down-flow structured bed bioreactors were operated targeting biological sulfate-reduction and metal recovery. Three different electron donors were tested: glycerol (R1), lactate (R2), sucrose (R3), and a blend of the previous three (R4) with an increasing copper influent load (5, 15, and 30 mg Cu2+.L-1). Copper inhibited sulfate-reduction in R1 (15 mg Cu2+.L-1) and R3 (5 mg Cu2+.L-1), but the fermentative activity was not affected. R2 and R4 were not inhibited by the copper influent concentration. R2 provided the highest sulfate reduction rate (1767.3 ± 240.1 mg SO42-.L.day-1). Nonetheless, the accumulation of settling precipitates was 22 % higher in R4 than in R2, indicating the former yielded the highest metal recovery as settling precipitates (24.8 g FSS.L-1, 25 % Fe2+, 5% Cu2+). 16S rRNA sequencing showed highest diversity of sulfate-reducing bacteria in R2. A predominance of sulfate-reducing and fermentative bacteria with more similarity was observed between microbial populations in R1 and R4, despite the difference in toxicity thresholds. Hence, the electron donor influenced not only the biological sulfate reduction, but also metal toxicity thresholds and metal recovery as settling precipitates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Biancalana Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, R. Francisco Degni, 55, 14800-060, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Augusto Gouvea Godoi
- Biological Processes Laboratory, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Engenharia Ambiental - Bloco 4-F, 1100 João Dagnone Av. - Santa Angelina, 13.563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Ferreira Maluf Braga
- Biological Processes Laboratory, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Engenharia Ambiental - Bloco 4-F, 1100 João Dagnone Av. - Santa Angelina, 13.563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Palladino Delforno
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos Km 110, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Denise Bevilaqua
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, R. Francisco Degni, 55, 14800-060, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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18
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Vinati A, Rene ER, Pakshirajan K, Behera SK. Activated red mud as a permeable reactive barrier material for fluoride removal from groundwater: parameter optimisation and physico-chemical characterisation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:3375-3386. [PMID: 31002580 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1609591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this work is to test the performance of red mud as a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) material for fluoride removal from water. Batch experiments were carried out to optimise the fluoride removal efficiency (RE) of activated red mud (ARM) based on four selected parameters, namely, the initial fluoride concentration (3-40 mg/L), adsorbent dose (0.5-5 g/L), pH (3.0-11.0) and ionic strength (0.001-0.5 M). Statistical analysis of the results revealed the optimum conditions as initial fluoride concentration -21.46 mg/L, adsorbent dose -2.77 g/L, pH 7.01 and ionic strength -0.24 M, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, fluoride RE of 87.3% was achieved. The individual effects due to initial fluoride concentration, adsorbent dose and ionic strength on fluoride removal were highly significant (F = 59.69; P < 0.005); whereas adsorbent dose, pH and ionic strength showed the greatest squared effects (F = 26.05; P < 0.001). The interaction effect due to initial fluoride concentration and adsorbent dose was also found to be significant (F = 12.52; P = 0.002) for fluoride removal. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed to identify the change in functional group and surface topography following red mud activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayi Vinati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam, India
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Kannan Pakshirajan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Shishir Kumar Behera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam, India
- Industrial Ecology Research group, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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19
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Tasharrofi S, Rouzitalab Z, Maklavany DM, Esmaeili A, Rabieezadeh M, Askarieh M, Rashidi A, Taghdisian H. Adsorption of cadmium using modified zeolite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron composites as a reactive material for PRBs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 736:139570. [PMID: 32485377 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The main challenge in utilizing permeable reactive barriers (PRB) for remediation of metals-contaminated groundwater is determination of a proper low-cost reactive medium that can remove the desired contaminants simultaneously. In this study, the performance of different zeolite materials and nZVI-based adsorbents for cadmium (Cd) removal was compared. Further, a composite of the best nZVI and zeolite samples was synthesized with the removal efficiency of 20.6 g/kg and selected as the proposed adsorbent. Moreover, the characteristics of the composite were analyzed through different techniques (BET, XRF, XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM and EDX). In addition, through kinetic and thermodynamic studies, the effect of temperature, pH, ionic strength and presence of other metal ions on Cd removal efficiency was investigated. According to the results, since sodium zeolite (NaZ) provides a large number of specific ion-exchange sites for decoration with nZVI, stabilizes nZVI, and prevents its aggregation and further leaching in the harsh environment, the NaZ-nZVI composite is capable of removing Cd by adsorption and is applicable in PRBs, and thus it seems that the aforementioned composite is a proper candidate for groundwater remediation from a wide range of metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Tasharrofi
- Environment and Biotechnology Research Division, RIPI, Tehran, P.O. Box 14857-33111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Rouzitalab
- Civil Engineering Division, College of Environment, Karaj, P.O. Box 31746-74761, Alborz, Iran
| | | | - Ali Esmaeili
- Environment and Biotechnology Research Division, RIPI, Tehran, P.O. Box 14857-33111, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mojtaba Askarieh
- Carbon and Nanotechnology Research Center, RIPI, Tehran, P.O. Box 14857-33111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alimorad Rashidi
- Carbon and Nanotechnology Research Center, RIPI, Tehran, P.O. Box 14857-33111, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Taghdisian
- Environment and Biotechnology Research Division, RIPI, Tehran, P.O. Box 14857-33111, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Kraft pulp mill dregs and grits as permeable reactive barrier for removal of copper and sulfate in acid mine drainage. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4083. [PMID: 32139748 PMCID: PMC7057978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mining is an essential human activity, but results in several environmental impacts, notably the contamination of ground and surface water through the presence of toxic substances such as metals and sulfates in mine drainage. Permeable reactive barriers (PRB) have been applied to remediate this environmental impact, but the high costs associated with the maintenance of this system are still a challenge. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the use of kraft pulp mill alkaline residues, known as dregs and grits, as material for PRB, and to determine their capacity for retaining copper and sulfate. The work was carried out in laboratory adsorption kinetics assays, batch assays and column tests. Tests for elemental characterization, point of zero charge, acid neutralization capacity, total porosity, bulk density and moisture of the dregs and grits were conducted. The results showed high retention of Cu due to a chemical precipitation mechanism, notably for dregs (99%) at 5 min in adsorption kinetics. The grits presented similar results after 180 min for the same assay. Sulfate retention was effective at pH below 5, with an efficiency of 79% and 89% for dregs and grits, respectively. Dregs presented the best results for acid drainage remediation, notably with a solid:liquid (S:L) ratio of 1:10.
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21
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Kumar R, Patel M, Singh P, Bundschuh J, Pittman CU, Trakal L, Mohan D. Emerging technologies for arsenic removal from drinking water in rural and peri-urban areas: Methods, experience from, and options for Latin America. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 694:133427. [PMID: 31756815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Providing drinking water with safe arsenic levels in Latin American (LA) countries (a total of 22 countries) is a major current challenge. Arsenic's presence in water has been neglected for many decades since it was first reported ~100 years ago in Argentina. The major arsenic source in this region is geogenic. So far, arsenic has been reported in 15 LA countries. Arsenic concentrations in drinking water have been reported up to >200 fold (2000 μg/L) the WHO limit of 10 μg/L. About 14 million people in the arsenic affected LA countries depend on contaminated water characterized by >10 μg/L of arsenic. Low-cost, easy to use, efficient, and sustainable solutions are needed to supply arsenic safe water to the rural and peri-urban population in the affected areas. In the present study, >250 research articles published on various emerging technologies used for arsenic remediation in rural and peri-urban areas of LA countries are critically reviewed. Special attention has been given to arsenic adsorption methods. The manuscript focuses on providing insights into low cost emergent adsorbents with an implementation potential in Latin America. Natural, modified and synthetic adsorbents used for arsenic decontamination were reviewed and compared. Advantages and disadvantages of treatment methods are summarized. Adsorbent selection criteria are developed. Recommendations concerning emerging adsorbents for aqueous arsenic removal in LA countries have also been made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Manvendra Patel
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Prachi Singh
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Jochen Bundschuh
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, The University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - Charles U Pittman
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Lukáš Trakal
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha, 165 00 Suchdol , Czech Republic
| | - Dinesh Mohan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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22
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Peng YP, Chen TY, Wu CY, Chang YC, Chen KF. Dispersant-modified iron nanoparticles for mobility enhancement and TCE degradation: a comparison study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:34157-34166. [PMID: 30456616 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dispersants including Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60, and polyacrylic acid (PAA) were used to modify nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI). All dispersants dispersed nZVI effectively. PAA-modified nZVI was more stable than nZVI that was modified with Tween surfactant. Iron nanoparticles that were prepared using 0.5-5.0% (vol%) of PAA remained in suspension for more than 2 h. nZVI that was modified using Tween surfactant remained in suspension for 30-60 min, and there was complete sedimentation of bare iron in 10 min. When 2.0-5.0% (vol%) of Tween surfactant was used, the stability of the nZVI that was modified using Tween 20 was much better than that for nZVI that was modified using Tween 40 or Tween 60. The results for the transportation test show that nZVI that was prepared using 2% (vol%) of Tween 20 exhibited the best mobility in porous media. Approximately 83-90% of TCE was degraded by bare, PAA-modified, and Tween 20-modified nZVI, and about 63-67% of TCE was removed by nZVI that was modified using Tween 40 and Tween 60 during 20 days of reaction. The production of cis-dichloroethene (DCE) and 1,1-DCE demonstrates that TCE is removed via reductive dechlorination. The results of this study show that PAA- and Tween 20-modified nZVI are more practical for in situ remediation because they exhibit good mobility and degrade TCE effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ping Peng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Xitun, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Chen
- Department of Landscape Architecture, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taiping, Taichung, 41170, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Wu
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Chi Nan University, 1 Univ. Rd, Puli, Nantou, 54561, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Chang
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Chi Nan University, 1 Univ. Rd, Puli, Nantou, 54561, Taiwan
| | - Ku-Fan Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Chi Nan University, 1 Univ. Rd, Puli, Nantou, 54561, Taiwan.
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Bilardi S, Calabrò PS, Moraci N. The removal efficiency and long-term hydraulic behaviour of zero valent iron/lapillus mixtures for the simultaneous removal of Cu 2+, Ni 2+ and Zn 2. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 675:490-500. [PMID: 31030155 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Granular mixtures composed of zero valent iron (ZVI) and lapillus at two different weight ratios (i.e. 30:70 and 50:50) were tested through column experiments for the simultaneous removal of Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ present in aqueous solutions at high concentrations. The results were used to evaluate the feasibility of the above-mentioned granular mixtures as reactive media in permeable reactive barriers (PRB) for the remediation of groundwater polluted by metals. Test results showed that the two granular reactive media efficiently removed the three heavy metals under study according to the following removal sequence Cu > Zn > Ni. The granular mixture with the higher iron content showed a proportionally higher removal rate but also a higher reduction of hydraulic conductivity over time. Different removal mechanisms occurred for the three contaminants in question. Considering that for Ni and Zn the main removal mechanism was probably adsorption, we used different mathematical models, in order to predict the breakthrough curves for the adsorption mechanisms. The Adams-Bohart model showed the best fit with the experimental data and it was thus used to predict the zinc removal front within the barrier thickness. Finally, we showed that the mathematical approach may be used for the design of PRBs for the reactive media and contaminants used in this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Bilardi
- Department of Civil, Energy, Environment and Materials Engineering (DICEAM), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Paolo Salvatore Calabrò
- Department of Civil, Energy, Environment and Materials Engineering (DICEAM), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Nicola Moraci
- Department of Civil, Energy, Environment and Materials Engineering (DICEAM), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
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Zhao J, Chen Z, Wang T, Xiang C, Luo M, Yuan H. Control of Contaminant Transport Caused by Open-Air Heavy Metal Slag in Zhehai, Southwest China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16030443. [PMID: 30717418 PMCID: PMC6388199 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Slag heaps are formed by mining waste materials, and the improper treatment of leachate from such heaps can threaten nearby aquifers. The Zhehai slag heap in Yunnan Province, China, contains 2.7 million tons of zinc and cadmium slag, and is considered a heavy metal source threatening the local groundwater safety, however, the severity of contamination remains unknown. In this study, numerical modeling was used to predict the groundwater flow and contaminant transport in this area based on field data. The results show that the atmospheric precipitation infiltration recharge at the top of the heap is 81.8 m3/d, accounting for 93.76% of total infiltration. The south and east sides of the area are the main outflow channels for contaminants, accounting for 93.25% of the total discharge around the heap. To reduce aquifer contamination, an in situ system involving a “controlling the source, ‘breaking’ the path, and intercepting the flow” (CSBPIF) strategy is established. The results indicate that the system performs well because it not only decreases the flow velocity but also reduces the concentrations of contaminants adsorbed by clay media. Moreover, the equivalent bottom liner thicknesses of the clay layers were calculated to improve the applicability of the CSBPIF system. Compared with ex situ disposal, this scheme provides an economic and effective solution and can be used to prevent and control groundwater pollution in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhao
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Rd, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Zhihua Chen
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Rd, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Rd, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Caijuan Xiang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Rd, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Mingming Luo
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Rd, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Hongxin Yuan
- Yunan Chihong Zinc and Germanium Co., Ltd. Huize Branch, Huize 654212, China.
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25
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Phenol adsorption on scoria stone as adsorbent - Application of response surface method and artificial neural networks. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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26
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27
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Making Fe0-Based Filters a Universal Solution for Safe Drinking Water Provision. SUSTAINABILITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/su9071224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Li Z, Dong H, Zhang Y, Li J, Li Y. Enhanced removal of Ni(II) by nanoscale zero valent iron supported on Na-saturated bentonite. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 497:43-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Use of Vegetable Fibers for PRB to Remove Heavy Metals from Contaminated Aquifers-Comparisons among Cabuya Fibers, Broom Fibers and ZVI. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14070684. [PMID: 28672800 PMCID: PMC5551122 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14070684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Zero Valent Iron (ZVI) is the material most commonly used for permeable reactive barriers (PRB). For technical and economic reasons, hoter reactive substances usable in alternative to ZVI are investigated. The present study takes into account a vegetable fibers, the cabuya, investigating its capacity to retain heavy metals. The capacity of the cabuya fibers to adsorb heavy metals was verified in laboratory, by batch and column tests. The batch tests were carried out with cabuya and ZVI, using copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). The results obtained by the cabuya fibers showed a very high adsorption capacity of heavy metals and resulted very similar to those obtained for the broom fibers in a previous study. The high value of the absorption capacity of the cabuya fibers was also confirmed by the analogous comparison made with the results of the batch tests carried out with ZVI. Column tests, using copper, zinc and cadmium, allowed to determine for the cabuya fibers the maximum removal percentage of the heavy metals considered, the corresponding times and the time ranges of the release phase. For each metal considered, for a given length and three different times, the constant of degradation of cabuya fibers was determined, obtaining values very close to those reported for broom fibers. The scalar behavior of heavy metal removal percentage was verified. An electron microscope analysis allowed to compare, by SEM images, the characteristics of the cabuya and broom fibers. Finally, to investigate the chemical structure of cabuya and broom fibers, the FTIR technique was used, obtaining their respective infrared spectra.
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Kang S, Wang G, Zhao H, Cai W. Highly efficient removal of hexavalent chromium in aqueous solutionsviachemical reduction of plate-like micro/nanostructured zero valent iron. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10846j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The plate-like micro/nanostructured zero valent iron has exhibited the significantly enhanced ability to remove Cr(vi) from the real electroplating wastewater compared with the commercial zero valent iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghong Kang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology
- Center for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Guozhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology
- Center for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Huijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology
- Center for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Weiping Cai
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology
- Center for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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31
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Stabilization of Iron (Micro)Particles with Polyhydroxybutyrate for In Situ Remediation Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/app6120417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Han W, Fu F, Cheng Z, Tang B, Wu S. Studies on the optimum conditions using acid-washed zero-valent iron/aluminum mixtures in permeable reactive barriers for the removal of different heavy metal ions from wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 302:437-446. [PMID: 26521089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The method of permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) is considered as one of the most practicable approaches in treating heavy metals contaminated surface and groundwater. The mixture of acid-washed zero-valent iron (ZVI) and zero-valent aluminum (ZVAl) as reactive medium in PRBs to treat heavy metal wastewater containing Cr(VI), Cd(2+), Ni(2+), Cu(2+), and Zn(2+) was investigated. The performance of column filled with the mixture of acid-washed ZVI and ZVAl was much better than the column filled with ZVI or ZVAl alone. At initial pH 5.4 and flow rates of 1.0 mL/min, the time that the removal efficiencies of Cr(VI), Cd(2+), Ni(2+), Cu(2+), and Zn(2+) were all above 99.5% can keep about 300 h using 80 g/40 g acid-washed ZVI/ZVAl when treating wastewater containing each heavy metal ions (Cr(VI), Cd(2+), Ni(2+), Cu(2+), and Zn(2+)) concentration of 20.0 mg/L. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize ZVI/ZVAl before and after reaction and the reaction mechanism of the heavy metal ions with ZVI/ZVAl was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijiang Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; South China Institute of Environmental Science, MEP, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Fenglian Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zihang Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bing Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shijiao Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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33
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Heibati B, Yetilmezsoy K, Zazouli MA, Rodriguez-Couto S, Tyagi I, Agarwal S, Gupta VK. Adsorption of ethidium bromide (EtBr) from aqueous solutions by natural pumice and aluminium-coated pumice. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2015.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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34
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Kozma G, Rónavári A, Kónya Z, Kukovecz Á. Environmentally Benign Synthesis Methods of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Kozma
- Department
of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE “Lendület” Porous Nanocomposites Research Group, Rerrich Béla tér 1., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea Rónavári
- Department
of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- Department
of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, Rerrich Béla tér 1., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ákos Kukovecz
- Department
of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE “Lendület” Porous Nanocomposites Research Group, Rerrich Béla tér 1., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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35
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Luna M, Gastone F, Tosco T, Sethi R, Velimirovic M, Gemoets J, Muyshondt R, Sapion H, Klaas N, Bastiaens L. Pressure-controlled injection of guar gum stabilized microscale zerovalent iron for groundwater remediation. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2015; 181:46-58. [PMID: 25971233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The paper reports a pilot injection test of microsized zerovalent iron (mZVI) dispersed in a guar gum shear thinning solution. The test was performed in the framework of the EU research project AQUAREHAB in a site in Belgium contaminated by chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs). The field application was aimed to overcome those critical aspects which hinder mZVI field injection, mainly due to the colloidal instability of ZVI-based suspensions. The iron slurry properties (iron particles size and concentration, polymeric stabilizer type and concentration, slurry viscosity) were designed in the laboratory based on several tests (reactivity tests towards contaminants, sedimentation tests and rheological measurements). The particles were delivered into the aquifer through an injection well specifically designed for controlled-pressure delivery (approximately 10 bars). The well characteristics and the critical pressure of the aquifer (i.e. the injection pressure above which fracturing occurs) were assessed via two innovative injection step rate tests, one performed with water and the other one with guar gum. Based on laboratory and field preliminary tests, a flow regime at the threshold between permeation and preferential flow was selected for mZVI delivery, as a compromise between the desired homogeneous distribution of the mZVI around the injection point (ensured by permeation flow) and the fast and effective injection of the slurry (guaranteed by high discharge rates and injection pressure, resulting in the generation of preferential flow paths). A monitoring setup was designed and installed for the real-time monitoring of relevant parameters during injection, and for a fast determination of the spatial mZVI distribution after injection via non-invasive magnetic susceptibility measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luna
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Ambiente, del Territorio e delle Infrastrutture-Politecnico di Torino, corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - F Gastone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Ambiente, del Territorio e delle Infrastrutture-Politecnico di Torino, corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - T Tosco
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Ambiente, del Territorio e delle Infrastrutture-Politecnico di Torino, corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - R Sethi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Ambiente, del Territorio e delle Infrastrutture-Politecnico di Torino, corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - M Velimirovic
- VITO, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Wien, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - J Gemoets
- VITO, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | | | - H Sapion
- SAPION, Oude Bevelsesteenweg 51, 2560 Nijlen, Belgium
| | - N Klaas
- VEGAS, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 61, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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36
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Mumford KA, Rayner JL, Snape I, Stevens GW. Hydraulic performance of a permeable reactive barrier at Casey Station, Antarctica. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 117:223-231. [PMID: 25078614 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A permeable bio-reactive barrier (PRB) was installed at Casey Station, Antarctica in 2005/06 to intercept, capture and degrade petroleum hydrocarbons from a decade old fuel spill. A funnel and gate configuration was selected and implemented. The reactive gate was split into five separate cells to enable the testing of five different treatment combinations. Although different treatment materials were used in each cell, each treatment combination contained the following reactive zones: a zone for the controlled release of nutrients to enhance degradation, a zone for hydrocarbon capture and enhanced degradation, and a zone to capture excess nutrients. The materials selected for each of these zones had other requirements, these included; not having any adverse impact on the environment, being permeable enough to capture the entire catchment flow, and having sufficient residence time to fully capture migrating hydrocarbons. Over a five year period the performance of the PRB was extensively monitored and evaluated for nutrient concentration, fuel retention and permeability. At the end of the five year test period the material located within the reactive gate was excavated, total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations present on the material determined and particle size analysis conducted. This work found that although maintaining media reactivity is obviously important, the most critical aspect of PRB performance is preserving the permeability of the barrier itself, in this case by maintaining appropriate particle size distribution. This is particularly important when PRBs are installed in regions that are subject to freeze thaw processes that may result in particle disintegration over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Mumford
- Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - J L Rayner
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag No. 5, Wembley, Western Australia 6913, Australia
| | - I Snape
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, TAS 9050, Australia
| | - G W Stevens
- Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia
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37
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Zhou D, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Li X, Chen Z, Huang J, Li X, Flores G, Kamon M. Column test-based optimization of the permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technique for remediating groundwater contaminated by landfill leachates. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2014; 168:1-16. [PMID: 25244420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the optimum composition of permeable reactive barrier (PRB) materials for remediating groundwater heavily contaminated by landfill leachate, in column tests using various mixtures of zero-valent iron (ZVI), zeolite (Zeo) and activated carbon (AC) with 0.01-0.25, 3.0-5.0 and 0.7-1.0mm grain sizes, respectively. The main contributors to the removal of organic/inorganic contaminants were ZVI and AC, and the optimum weight ratio of the three PRB materials for removing the contaminants and maintaining adequate hydraulic conductivity was found to be 5:1:4. Average reductions in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and contents of total nitrogen (TN), ammonium, Ni, Pb and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from test samples using this mixture were 55.8%, 70.8%, 89.2%, 70.7%, 92.7% and 94.2%, respectively. We also developed a systematic method for estimating the minimum required thickness and longevity of the PRB materials. A ≥ 309.6 cm layer with the optimum composition is needed for satisfactory longevity, defined here as meeting the Grade III criteria (the Chinese National Bureau of Standards: GB/T14848/93) for in situ treatment of the sampled groundwater for ≥ 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen, University, 135 Xin'gang RD.W., Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Key Laboratory for Aquatic Product Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen, University, 135 Xin'gang RD.W., Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen, University, 135 Xin'gang RD.W., Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Key Laboratory for Aquatic Product Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen, University, 135 Xin'gang RD.W., Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Yinbo Zhang
- South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection, No. 7 West Street, Yuancun, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Chang Zhang
- Shandong Bonaray Analysis Instrument Technology Co., Ltd, Building A5, High and New Technology Industrial Development Zone, Jining 272000, PR China
| | - Xiongfei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Environmental Technology Center, 28 Modiesha Avenue, Xingang Dong Road, Guangzhou 510308, PR China
| | - Zhiliang Chen
- South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection, No. 7 West Street, Yuancun, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Junyi Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen, University, 135 Xin'gang RD.W., Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Key Laboratory for Aquatic Product Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen, University, 135 Xin'gang RD.W., Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Xia Li
- Nanhai Environmental Technology Center of Foshan City, Environmental Protection Building, 4 New RD. 3S., Guicheng, Foshan 528200, PR China
| | - Giancarlo Flores
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masashi Kamon
- National College of Technology, 355 Chokushicho, Takamatsu-shi, Kagawa 761-8058, Japan
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Obiri-Nyarko F, Grajales-Mesa SJ, Malina G. An overview of permeable reactive barriers for in situ sustainable groundwater remediation. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 111:243-59. [PMID: 24997925 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) are one of the innovative technologies widely accepted as an alternative to the 'pump and treat' (P&T) for sustainable in situ remediation of contaminated groundwater. The concept of the technology involves the emplacement of a permeable barrier containing reactive materials across the flow path of the contaminated groundwater to intercept and treat the contaminants as the plume flows through it under the influence of the natural hydraulic gradient. Since the invention of PRBs in the early 1990s, a variety of materials has been employed to remove contaminants including heavy metals, chlorinated solvents, aromatic hydrocarbons, and pesticides. Contaminant removal is usually accomplished via processes such as adsorption, precipitation, denitrification and biodegradation. Despite wide acknowledgment, there are still unresolved issues about long term-performance of PRBs, which have somewhat affected their acceptability and full-scale implementation. The current paper presents an overview of the PRB technology, which includes the state of art, the merits and limitations, the reactive media used so far, and the mechanisms employed to transform or immobilize contaminants. The paper also looks at the design, construction and the long-term performance of PRBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin Obiri-Nyarko
- Hydrogeotechnika Sp z oo, Department of Environmental Protection and Cartography, ul. Sciegiennego 262A, 25-112, Kielce, Poland
| | - S Johana Grajales-Mesa
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Malina
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
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39
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Li S, Wang W, Yan W, Zhang WX. Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) for the treatment of concentrated Cu(II) wastewater: a field demonstration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:524-33. [PMID: 24473735 DOI: 10.1039/c3em00578j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A field demonstration was conducted to assess the feasibility of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) for the treatment of wastewater containing high levels of Cu(II). Pilot tests were performed at a printed-circuit-board manufacturing plant, treating 250,000 L of wastewater containing 70 mg L(-1) Cu(II) with a total of 55 kg of nZVI. A completely mixed reactor of 1,600 L was operated continuously with flow rates ranging from 1000 to 2500 L h(-1). The average Cu(II) removal efficiency was greater than 96% with 0.20 g L(-1) nZVI and a hydraulic retention time of 100 min. The nZVI reactor achieved a remarkably high volumetric loading rate of 1876 g Cu per m(3) per day for Cu(II) removal, surpassing the loading rates of conventional technologies by more than one order of magnitude. The average removal capacity of nZVI for Cu(II) was 0.343 g Cu per gram of Fe. The Cu(II) removal efficiency can be reliably regulated by the solution Eh, which in turn is a function of nZVI input and hydraulic retention time. The ease of separation and recycling of nZVI contribute to process up-scalability and cost effectiveness. Cu(II) was reduced to metallic copper and cuprite (Cu2O). The end product is a valuable composite of iron and copper (∼20-25%), which can partially offset the treatment costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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40
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Fu F, Dionysiou DD, Liu H. The use of zero-valent iron for groundwater remediation and wastewater treatment: a review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 267:194-205. [PMID: 24457611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 695] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent industrial and urban activities have led to elevated concentrations of a wide range of contaminants in groundwater and wastewater, which affect the health of millions of people worldwide. In recent years, the use of zero-valent iron (ZVI) for the treatment of toxic contaminants in groundwater and wastewater has received wide attention and encouraging treatment efficiencies have been documented. This paper gives an overview of the recent advances of ZVI and progress obtained during the groundwater remediation and wastewater treatment utilizing ZVI (including nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI)) for the removal of: (a) chlorinated organic compounds, (b) nitroaromatic compounds, (c) arsenic, (d) heavy metals, (e) nitrate, (f) dyes, and (g) phenol. Reaction mechanisms and removal efficiencies were studied and evaluated. It was found that ZVI materials with wide availability have appreciable removal efficiency for several types of contaminants. Concerning ZVI for future research, some suggestions are proposed and conclusions have been drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglian Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, PR China
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41
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Derakhshan Z, Baghapour MA, Ranjbar M, Faramarzian M. Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solutions by Modified Pumice Stone: Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies. HEALTH SCOPE 2013. [DOI: 10.17795/jhealthscope-12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang S, Wang D, Quan X, Zhou L, Zhang X. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes immobilized on zero-valent iron plates (Fe0-CNTs) for catalytic ozonation of methylene blue as model compound in a bubbling reactor. Sep Purif Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Samarghandi MR, Zarrabi M, Sepehr MN, Amrane A, Safari GH, Bashiri S. Application of acidic treated pumice as an adsorbent for the removal of azo dye from aqueous solutions: kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2012; 9:9. [PMID: 23369579 PMCID: PMC3561058 DOI: 10.1186/1735-2746-9-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Colored effluents are one of the important environment pollution sources since they contain unused dye compounds which are toxic and less-biodegradable. In this work removal of Acid Red 14 and Acid Red 18 azo dyes was investigated by acidic treated pumice stone as an efficient adsorbent at various experimental conditions. Removal of dye increased with increase in contact time and initial dye concentration, while decreased for increment in solution temperature and pH. Results of the equilibrium study showed that the removal of AR14 and AR18 followed Freundlich (r2>0.99) and Langmuir (r2>0.99) isotherm models. Maximum sorption capacities were 3.1 and 29.7 mg/g for AR 14 and AR18, namely significantly higher than those reported in the literature, even for activated carbon. Fitting of experimental data onto kinetic models showed the relevance of the pseudo-second order (r2>0.99) and intra-particle diffusion (r2>0.98) models for AR14 and AR18, respectively. For both dyes, the values of external mass transfer coefficient decreased for increasing initial dye concentrations, showing increasing external mass transfer resistance at solid/liquid layer. Desorption experiments confirmed the relevance of pumice stone for dye removal, since the pH regeneration method showed 86% and 89% regeneration for AR14 and AR18, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Samarghandi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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Calabrò PS, Moraci N, Suraci P. Estimate of the optimum weight ratio in zero-valent iron/pumice granular mixtures used in permeable reactive barriers for the remediation of nickel contaminated groundwater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 207-208:111-116. [PMID: 21885195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of laboratory column tests aimed at defining the optimum weight ratio of zero-valent iron (ZVI)/pumice granular mixtures to be used in permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) for the removal of nickel from contaminated groundwater. The tests were carried out feeding the columns with aqueous solutions of nickel nitrate at concentrations of 5 and 50 mg/l using three ZVI/pumice granular mixtures at various weight ratios (10/90, 30/70 and 50/50), for a total of six column tests; two additional tests were carried out using ZVI alone. The most successful compromise between reactivity (higher ZVI content) and long-term hydraulic performance (higher Pumice content) seems to be given by the ZVI/pumice granular mixture with a 30/70 weight ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Calabrò
- Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Dipartimento di Meccanica e Materiali, MECMAT, Via Graziella, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy.
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Noubactep C, Caré S, Crane R. Nanoscale Metallic Iron for Environmental Remediation: Prospects and Limitations. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2012; 223:1363-1382. [PMID: 22389536 PMCID: PMC3283769 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-011-0951-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The amendment of the subsurface with nanoscale metallic iron particles (nano-Fe(0)) has been discussed in the literature as an efficient in situ technology for groundwater remediation. However, the introduction of this technology was controversial and its efficiency has never been univocally established. This unsatisfying situation has motivated this communication whose objective was a comprehensive discussion of the intrinsic reactivity of nano-Fe(0) based on the contemporary knowledge on the mechanism of contaminant removal by Fe(0) and a mathematical model. It is showed that due to limitations of the mass transfer of nano-Fe(0) to contaminants, available concepts cannot explain the success of nano-Fe(0) injection for in situ groundwater remediation. It is recommended to test the possibility of introducing nano-Fe(0) to initiate the formation of roll-fronts which propagation would induce the reductive transformation of both dissolved and adsorbed contaminants. Within a roll-front, Fe(II) from nano-Fe(0) is the reducing agent for contaminants. Fe(II) is recycled by biotic or abiotic Fe(III) reduction. While the roll-front concept could explain the success of already implemented reaction zones, more research is needed for a science-based recommendation of nano-Fe(0) for subsurface treatment by roll-fronts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chicgoua Noubactep
- Angewandte Geologie, Universität Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Kultur und Nachhaltige Entwicklung CDD e.V., Postfach 1502, 37005 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Caré
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Navier, (ENPC/IFSTTAR/CNRS), 2 allée Kepler, 77420 Champs sur Marne, France
| | - Richard Crane
- Interface Analysis Centre, University of Bristol, 121 St. Michael’s Hill, Bristol, BS2 8BS UK
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Mak MSH, Lo IMC, Liu T. Synergistic effect of coupling zero-valent iron with iron oxide-coated sand in columns for chromate and arsenate removal from groundwater: Influences of humic acid and the reactive media configuration. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:6575-6584. [PMID: 22018698 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A column study was conducted using a combination of zero-valent iron (Fe(0)) and iron oxide-coated sand (IOCS) for removing Cr(VI) and As(V) from groundwater. The removal efficiency and mechanism of Cr(VI) and As(V), the effects of humic acid (HA), and the various configurations of Fe(0) and IOCS were investigated. The results showed that the use of an Fe(0) and IOCS mixture in a completely mixed configuration can achieve the highest removal of both Cr(VI) and As(V), whilst the effects of HA were marginal in using these reactive materials. The solid phase analysis revealed the occurrence of the synergistic effect in these reactive materials as Fe(2+) can be adsorbed onto the IOCS and transform the iron oxides to magnetite, providing more reactive surface area for Cr(VI) reduction and reducing the passivation on the Fe(0). As(V) can then be removed by adsorption onto these iron corrosion products. HA can be adsorbed onto the IOCS so that the impacts of the deposition of HA aggregates on the Fe(0) surface can be reduced, thus enhancing the Fe(0) corrosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S H Mak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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Hashim MA, Mukhopadhyay S, Sahu JN, Sengupta B. Remediation technologies for heavy metal contaminated groundwater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2011; 92:2355-88. [PMID: 21708421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of groundwater by heavy metal, originating either from natural soil sources or from anthropogenic sources is a matter of utmost concern to the public health. Remediation of contaminated groundwater is of highest priority since billions of people all over the world use it for drinking purpose. In this paper, thirty five approaches for groundwater treatment have been reviewed and classified under three large categories viz chemical, biochemical/biological/biosorption and physico-chemical treatment processes. Comparison tables have been provided at the end of each process for a better understanding of each category. Selection of a suitable technology for contamination remediation at a particular site is one of the most challenging job due to extremely complex soil chemistry and aquifer characteristics and no thumb-rule can be suggested regarding this issue. In the past decade, iron based technologies, microbial remediation, biological sulphate reduction and various adsorbents played versatile and efficient remediation roles. Keeping the sustainability issues and environmental ethics in mind, the technologies encompassing natural chemistry, bioremediation and biosorption are recommended to be adopted in appropriate cases. In many places, two or more techniques can work synergistically for better results. Processes such as chelate extraction and chemical soil washings are advisable only for recovery of valuable metals in highly contaminated industrial sites depending on economical feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hashim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Pantai Valley, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Noubactep C, Caré S. Designing laboratory metallic iron columns for better result comparability. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 189:809-813. [PMID: 21470775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite the amount of data available on investigating the process of aqueous contaminant removal by metallic iron (Fe(0)), there is still a significant amount of uncertainty surrounding the design of Fe(0) beds for laboratory testing to determine the suitability of Fe(0) materials for field applications. Available data were obtained under various operating conditions (e.g., column characteristics, Fe(0) characteristics, contaminant characteristics, oxygen availability, solution pH) and are hardly comparable to each other. The volumetric expansive nature of iron corrosion has been univocally reported as major drawback for Fe(0) beds. Mixing Fe(0) with inert materials has been discussed as an efficient tool to improve sustainability of Fe(0) beds. This paper discusses some problems associated with the design of Fe(0) beds and proposes a general approach for the characterization of Fe(0) beds. Each Fe(0) column should be characterized by its initial porosity, the composition of the steady phase and the volumetric proportion of individual materials. Used materials should be characterized by their density, porosity, and particle size. This work has introduced simple and reliable mathematical equations for column design, which include the normalisation of raw experimental data prior to any data treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Noubactep
- Angewandte Geologie, Universität Göttingen, Goldschmidtstrasse 3, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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