1
|
Retta B, Iovinella M, Ciniglia C. Significance and Applications of the Thermo-Acidophilic Microalga Galdieria sulphuraria (Cyanidiophytina, Rhodophyta). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1786. [PMID: 38999626 PMCID: PMC11243675 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Galdieria sulphuraria is a thermo-acidophilic microalga belonging to the Cyanidiophyceae (Rhodophyta) class. It thrives in extreme environments, such as geothermal sulphuric springs, with low pH, high temperatures, and high salinity. This microalga utilises various growth modes, including autotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic, enabling it to exploit diverse organic carbon sources. Remarkably, G. sulphuraria survives and produces a range of bioactive compounds in these harsh conditions. Moreover, it plays a significant role in environmental remediation by removing nutrients, pathogens, and heavy metals from various wastewater sources. It can also recover rare earth elements from mining wastewater and electronic waste. This review article explores the diverse applications and significant contributions of G. sulphuraria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berhan Retta
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Manuela Iovinella
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Claudia Ciniglia
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gong W, Guo L, Huang C, Xie B, Jiang M, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Wu Y, Liang H. A systematic review of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in mariculture wastewater: Antibiotics removal by microalgal-bacterial symbiotic system (MBSS), ARGs characterization on the metagenomic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172601. [PMID: 38657817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic residues in mariculture wastewater seriously affect the aquatic environment. Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) produced under antibiotic stress flow through the environment and eventually enter the human body, seriously affecting human health. Microalgal-bacterial symbiotic system (MBSS) can remove antibiotics from mariculture and reduce the flow of ARGs into the environment. This review encapsulates the present scenario of mariculture wastewater, the removal mechanism of MBSS for antibiotics, and the biomolecular information under metagenomic assay. When confronted with antibiotics, there was a notable augmentation in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content within MBSS, along with a concurrent elevation in the proportion of protein (PN) constituents within the EPS, which limits the entry of antibiotics into the cellular interior. Quorum sensing stimulates the microorganisms to produce biological responses (DNA synthesis - for adhesion) through signaling. Oxidative stress promotes gene expression (coupling, conjugation) to enhance horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in MBSS. The microbial community under metagenomic detection is dominated by aerobic bacteria in the bacterial-microalgal system. Compared to aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria had the significant advantage of decreasing the distribution of ARGs. Overall, MBSS exhibits remarkable efficacy in mitigating the challenges posed by antibiotics and resistant genes from mariculture wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Gong
- School of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Lin Guo
- School of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Chenxin Huang
- School of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Binghan Xie
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai 264209, PR China.
| | - Mengmeng Jiang
- School of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yuzhou Zhao
- School of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- School of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - YuXuan Wu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiang Q, Feng L, Luo J, Wu Y, Dong H, Mustafa AM, Su Y, Zhao Y, Chen Y. Simultaneous volatile fatty acids promotion and antibiotic resistance genes reduction in fluoranthene-induced sludge alkaline fermentation: Regulation of microbial consortia and cell functions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 395:130367. [PMID: 38266788 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The impact and mechanism of fluoranthene (Flr), a typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon highly detected in sludge, on alkaline fermentation for volatile fatty acids (VFAs) recovery and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) transfer were studied. The results demonstrated that VFAs production increased from 2189 to 4272 mg COD/L with a simultaneous reduction of ARGs with Flr. The hydrolytic enzymes and genes related to glucose and amino acid metabolism were provoked. Also, Flr benefited for the enrichment of hydrolytic-acidifying consortia (i.e., Parabacteroides and Alkalibaculum) while reduced VFAs consumers (i.e., Rubrivivax) and ARGs potential hosts (i.e., Rubrivivax and Pseudomonas). Metagenomic analysis indicated that the genes related to cell wall synthesis, biofilm formation and substrate transporters to maintain high VFAs-producer activities were upregulated. Moreover, cell functions of efflux pump and Type IV secretion system were suppressed to inhibit ARGs proliferation. This study provided intrinsic mechanisms of Flr-induced VFAs promotion and ARGs reduction during alkaline fermentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Leiyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jingyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Haiqing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Tongji Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Ahmed M Mustafa
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Yu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yuxiao Zhao
- Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fayaz T, Renuka N, Ratha SK. Antibiotic occurrence, environmental risks, and their removal from aquatic environments using microalgae: Advances and future perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140822. [PMID: 38042426 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic pollution has caused a continuous increase in the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) in aquatic environments worldwide. Algae-based bioremediation technology is a promising eco-friendly means to remove antibiotics and highly resistant ARGs, and the generated biomass can be utilized to produce value-added products of industrial significance. This review discussed the prevalence of antibiotics and ARGs in aquatic environments and their environmental risks to non-target organisms. The potential of various microalgal species for antibiotic and ARG removal, their mechanisms, strategies for enhanced removal, and future directions were reviewed. Antibiotics can be degraded into non-toxic compounds in microalgal cells through the action of extracellular polymeric substances, glutathione-S-transferase, and cytochrome P450; however, antibiotic stress can alter microalgal gene expression and growth. This review also deciphered the effect of antibiotic stress on microalgal physiology, biomass production, and biochemical composition that can impact their commercial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tufail Fayaz
- Algal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Nirmal Renuka
- Algal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.
| | - Sachitra Kumar Ratha
- Algology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kiki C, Qin D, Liu L, Qiao M, Adyari B, Ifon BE, Adeoye ABE, Zhu L, Cui L, Sun Q. Unraveling the Role of Microalgae in Mitigating Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Photogranules Treating Antibiotic Wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:16940-16952. [PMID: 37886817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing the potential of specific antibiotic-degrading microalgal strains to optimize microalgal-bacterial granular sludge (MBGS) technology for sustainable antibiotic wastewater treatment and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) mitigation is currently limited. This article examined the performance of bacterial granular sludge (BGS) and MBGS (of Haematococcus pluvialis, an antibiotic-degrading microalga) systems in terms of stability, nutrient and antibiotic removal, and fate of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) under multiclass antibiotic loads. The systems exhibited excellent performance under none and 50 μg/L mixed antibiotics and a decrease in performance at a higher concentration. The MBGS showed superior potential, higher nutrient removal, 53.9 mg/L/day higher chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, and 5.2-8.2% improved antibiotic removal, notably for refractory antibiotics, and the system removal capacity was predicted. Metagenomic analysis revealed lower levels of ARGs and MGEs in effluent and biomass of MBGS compared to the BGS bioreactor. Particle association niche and projection pursuit regression models indicated that microalgae in MBGS may limit gene transfers among biomass and effluent, impeding ARG dissemination. Moreover, a discrepancy was found in the bacterial antibiotic-degrading biomarkers of BGS and MBGS systems due to the microalgal effect on the microcommunity. Altogether, these findings deepened our understanding of the microalgae's value in the MBGS system for antibiotic remediation and ARG propagation control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claude Kiki
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100043, China
- National Institute of Water, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin
| | - Dan Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Lin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Min Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bob Adyari
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Binessi Edouard Ifon
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100043, China
- National Institute of Water, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin
| | - Adenike B E Adeoye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Longji Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Li Cui
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qian Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ovis-Sánchez JO, Perera-Pérez VD, Buitrón G, Quintela-Baluja M, Graham DW, Morales-Espinosa R, Carrillo-Reyes J. Exploring resistomes and microbiomes in pilot-scale microalgae-bacteria wastewater treatment systems for use in low-resource settings. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163545. [PMID: 37080313 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) released into the environment are an emerging human and environmental health concern, including ARGs spread in wastewater treatment effluents. In low-to-middle income countries (LMICs), an alternate wastewater treatment option instead of conventional systems are low-energy, high-rate algal ponds (HRAP) that use microalgae-bacteria aggregates (MABA) for waste degradation. Here we studied the robustness of ARG removal in MABA-based pilot-scale outdoor systems for 140 days of continuous operation. The HRAP system successfully removed 73 to 88 % chemical oxygen demand and up to 97.4 % ammonia, with aggregate size increasing over operating time. Fourteen ARG classes were identified in the HRAP influent, MABA, and effluent using metagenomics, with the HRAP process reducing total ARG abundances by up to 5-fold from influent to effluent. Parallel qPCR analyses showed the HRAP system significantly reduced exemplar ARGs (p < 0.05), with 1.2 to 4.9, 2.7 to 6.3, 0 to 1.5, and 1.2 to 4.8 log-removals for sul1, tetQ, blaKPC, and intl1 genes, respectively. Sequencing of influent, effluent and MABAs samples showed associated microbial communities differed significantly, with influent communities by Enterobacteriales (clinically relevant ARGs carrying bacteria), which were less evident in MABA and effluent. In this sense, such bacteria might be excluded from MABA due to their good settling properties and the presence of antimicrobial peptides. Microalgae-bacteria treatment systems steadily reduced ARGs from wastewater during operation time, using sunlight as the energetic driver, making them ideal for use in LMIC wastewater treatment applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julián O Ovis-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Procesos Avanzados de Tratamiento de Aguas, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Victor D Perera-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Procesos Avanzados de Tratamiento de Aguas, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Germán Buitrón
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Procesos Avanzados de Tratamiento de Aguas, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Marcos Quintela-Baluja
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Cassie Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - David W Graham
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Cassie Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Rosario Morales-Espinosa
- Laboratorio de Genómica Bacteriana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Julián Carrillo-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Procesos Avanzados de Tratamiento de Aguas, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Suzuki Y, Shimizu H, Tamai S, Hoshiko Y, Maeda T, Nukazawa K, Iguchi A, Masago Y, Ishii S. Simultaneous detection of various pathogenic Escherichia coli in water by sequencing multiplex PCR amplicons. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:264. [PMID: 36600083 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10863-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne diseases due to pathogen contamination in water are a serious problem all over the world. Accurate and simultaneous detection of pathogens in water is important to protect public health. In this study, we developed a method to simultaneously detect various pathogenic Escherichia coli by sequencing the amplicons of multiplex PCR. Our newly designed multiplex PCR amplified five genes for pathogenic E. coli (uidA, stx1, stx2, STh gene, and LT gene). Additional two PCR assays (for aggR and eae) were also designed and included in the amplicon sequencing analysis. The same assays were also used for digital PCR (dPCR). Strong positive correlations were observed between the sequence read count and the dPCR results for most of the genes targeted, suggesting that our multiplex PCR-amplicon sequencing approach could provide quantitative information. The method was also successfully applied to monitor the level of pathogenic E. coli in river water and wastewater samples. The approach shown here could be expanded by targeting genes for other pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Suzuki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Shouichiro Tamai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yuki Hoshiko
- Department of Biological Functions Engineering, Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan
- Present address: Division of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-Machi, Kurume-City, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Toshinari Maeda
- Department of Biological Functions Engineering, Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan
| | - Kei Nukazawa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iguchi
- Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Masago
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishii
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Falcon Heights, MN, USA
- Bio Technology Institute, University of Minnesota, Falcon Heights, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tang Y, Song L, Ji X, Huang S, Yu Y, Ye J, Xu W, Hou M. Algal-bacterial consortium mediated system offers effective removal of nitrogen nutrients and antibiotic resistance genes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127874. [PMID: 36049708 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The sulfonamide antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) especially sul1 was identified as the dominant in eutrophic water. The performance of Chlorella vulgaris-B. licheniformis consortium toward sul1 removal, total nitrogen (TN) removal, and the mechanism of sul1 removal was investigated. The removal efficiency of exogenous ARGs plasmids carrying sul1 reached (97.2 ± 2.3)%. The TN removal rate reached (98.5 ± 1.2)%. The enhancements of carbon metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and glycoproteins had significant influences on sul1 and TN removals, under the premise of normal growth of algae and bacteria. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results suggested that the absolute abundances of sul1 were low in algal-bacterial systems (0 gene copies/mL) compared with individual systems ((1 × 106 ± 15) gene copies/mL). The duplication of sul1 was inhibited in algal cells and bacterial cells. The algal-bacterial consortium seems to be a promising technology for wastewater treatment with a potential to overcome the eutrophication and ARGs challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Tang
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Lili Song
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Xiyan Ji
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China.
| | - Saihua Huang
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Yueshu Yu
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Jing Ye
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Wenwu Xu
- School of Railway Transportation, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Meifang Hou
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nirmalakhandan N, Cheng X, Munasinghe-Arachchige S, Delanka-Pedige H, Zhang Y. Single-step mixotrophic algal wastewater treatment: Microbial assessment of effluent. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|