1
|
Randrianarivo M, Botosoamananto RL, Guilhaumon F, Penin L, Todinanahary G, Adjeroud M. Effects of Madagascar marine reserves on juvenile and adult coral abundance, and the implication for population regulation. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 190:106080. [PMID: 37422994 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Recruitment is a critical component in the dynamics of coral assemblages, and a key question is to determine the degree to which spatial heterogeneity of adults is influenced by pre-vs. post-settlement processes. We analyzed the density of juvenile and adult corals among 18 stations located at three regions around Madagascar, and examined the effects of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). Our survey did not detect a positive effect of MPAs on juveniles, except for Porites at the study scale. The MPA effect was more pronounced for adults, notably for Acropora, Montipora, Seriatopora, and Porites at the regional scale. For most dominant genera, densities of juveniles and adults were positively correlated at the study scale, and at least at one of the three regions. These outcomes suggest recruitment-limitation relationships for several coral taxa, although differences in post-settlement events may be sufficiently strong to distort the pattern established at settlement for other populations. The modest benefits of MPAs on the density of juvenile corals demonstrated here argue in favor of strengthening conservation measures more specifically focused to protect recruitment processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahery Randrianarivo
- Institut Halieutique et des Sciences Marines, Université de Toliara, Toliara, Madagascar; ENTROPIE, Université de La Réunion, IRD, CNRS, IFREMER, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, La Réunion, France
| | - Radonirina Lebely Botosoamananto
- Institut Halieutique et des Sciences Marines, Université de Toliara, Toliara, Madagascar; ENTROPIE, Université de La Réunion, IRD, CNRS, IFREMER, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, La Réunion, France
| | - François Guilhaumon
- ENTROPIE, Université de La Réunion, IRD, CNRS, IFREMER, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, La Réunion, France
| | - Lucie Penin
- ENTROPIE, Université de La Réunion, IRD, CNRS, IFREMER, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, La Réunion, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Paris, France
| | - Gildas Todinanahary
- Institut Halieutique et des Sciences Marines, Université de Toliara, Toliara, Madagascar
| | - Mehdi Adjeroud
- ENTROPIE, IRD, Université de la Réunion, CNRS, IFREMER, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Perpignan, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Paris, France; PSL Université Paris, UAR 3278, CRIOBE EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, Perpignan, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Koh LY, Wu M, Wang X, Yuen KF. Willingness to participate in virtual reality technologies: Public adoption and policy perspectives for marine conservation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 334:117480. [PMID: 36774901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Greater efforts are required to educate the public about marine conservation as the marine environment continues to deteriorate over time. A way to remotely travel during the pandemic is provided by virtual reality technologies in marine ecotourism. In order to present a theoretical framework that explains consumers' propensity to participate in virtual reality technology, this study draws on the theories of perceived risk, trust, and attitude. An online survey with 451 respondents was administered in Singapore and structural equation modeling was applied to analyze the data. The results reflect that perceived health risk, perceived financial risk, perceived social risk, and perceived performance risk, mediated by trust and attitude, have a significant influence on consumers' willingness to participate in virtual reality technologies in marine ecotourism. After analyzing their total effects, trust was found to have the highest effect on willingness to participate, followed by attitude, perceived social risk, perceived financial risk, perceived health risk, and perceived performance risk. Overall, the present research offers new perspectives on comprehending the drivers of willingness to participate, as well as implicating policies to raise public awareness of marine conservation, as well as to raise more money to support marine conservation initiatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Yi Koh
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Min Wu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Xueqin Wang
- Department of International Logistics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kum Fai Yuen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
A contemporary baseline of Madagascar's coral assemblages: Reefs with high coral diversity, abundance, and function associated with marine protected areas. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275017. [PMID: 36264983 PMCID: PMC9584525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Madagascar is a major hotspot of biodiversity in the Western Indian Ocean, but, as in many other regions, coral reefs surrounding the island confront large-scale disturbances and human-induced local stressors. Conservation actions have been implemented with encouraging results for fisheries, though their benefit on coral assemblages has never been rigorously addressed. In this context, we analyzed the multiscale spatial variation of the composition, generic richness, abundance, life history strategies, and cover of coral assemblages among 18 stations placed at three regions around the island. The potential influences of marine protected areas (MPAs), algal cover, substrate rugosity, herbivorous fish biomass, and geographic location were also analyzed. Our results highlight the marked spatial variability, with variation at either or both regional and local scales for all coral descriptors. The northeast coastal region of Masoala was characterized by the high abundance of coral colonies, most notably of the competitive Acropora and Pocillopora genera and stress-tolerant taxa at several stations. The southwest station of Salary Nord was distinguished by lower abundances, with depauperate populations of competitive taxa. On the northwest coast, Nosy-Be was characterized by higher diversity and abundance as well as by high coral cover (~42-70%) recorded at unfished stations. Results clearly underline the positive effects of MPAs on all but one of the coral descriptors, particularly at Nosy-Be where the highest contrast between fished and unfished stations was observed. Biomass of herbivorous fishes, crustose coralline algae cover, and substrate rugosity were also positively related to several coral descriptors. The occurrence of reefs with high diversity, abundance, and cover of corals, including the competitive Acropora, is a major finding of this study. Our results strongly support the implementation of locally managed marine areas with strong involvement by primary users, particularly to assist in management in countries with reduced logistic and human resources such as Madagascar.
Collapse
|
4
|
Downs CA, Diaz-Cruz MS, White WT, Rice M, Jim L, Punihaole C, Dant M, Gautam K, Woodley CM, Walsh KO, Perry J, Downs EM, Bishop L, Garg A, King K, Paltin T, McKinley EB, Beers AI, Anbumani S, Bagshaw J. Beach showers as sources of contamination for sunscreen pollution in marine protected areas and areas of intensive beach tourism in Hawaii, USA. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129546. [PMID: 35941056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In 2019, sands in nearby runoff streams from public beach showers were sampled on three islands in the State of Hawaii and tested for over 18 different petrochemical UV filters. Beach sands that are directly in the plume discharge of beach showers on three of the islands of Hawaii (Maui, Oahu, Hawai'i) were found to be contaminated with a wide array of petrochemical-based UV-filters that are found in sunscreens. Sands from beach showers across all three islands had a mean concentration of 5619 ng/g of oxybenzone with the highest concentration of 34,518 ng/g of oxybenzone at a beach shower in the Waikiki area of Honolulu. Octocrylene was detected at a majority of the beach shower locations, with a mean concentration of 296.3 ng/g across 13 sampling sites with the highest concentration of 1075 ng/g at the beach shower in Waikiki. Avobenzone, octinoxate, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor and benzophenone-2 were detected, as well as breakdown products of oxybenzone, including benzophenone-1, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, and 4-hydroxybenzophenone. Dioxybenzone (DHMB) presented the highest concentration in water (75.4 ng/mL), whereas octocrylene was detected in all water samples. Some of these same target analytes were detected in water samples on coral reefs that are adjacent to the beach showers. Risk assessments for both sand and water samples at a majority of the sampling sites had a Risk Quotient > 1, indicating that these chemicals could pose a serious threat to beach zones and coral reef habitats. There are almost a dozen mitigation options that could be employed to quickly reduce contaminant loads associated with discharges from these beach showers, like those currently being employed (post-study sampling and analysis) in the State of Hawaii, including banning the use of sunscreens using petrochemical-based UV filters or educating tourists before they arrive on the beach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Downs
- Haereticus Environmental Laboratory, P.O. Box 92, Clifford, VA 24533, USA.
| | - M Silvia Diaz-Cruz
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Severo Ochoa Excellence Center, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | | | - Marc Rice
- Hawai'i Preparatory Academy, 65-1692 Kohala Mountain Road, Kamuela, HI 96743, USA
| | - Laura Jim
- Hawai'i Preparatory Academy, 65-1692 Kohala Mountain Road, Kamuela, HI 96743, USA
| | - Cindi Punihaole
- Kahalu`u Bay Education Center, The Kohala Center, P.O. Box 437462, Kamuela, HI 967, USA
| | - Mendy Dant
- Fair Wind Cruises, Kailua Kona, HI 96740, USA
| | - Krishna Gautam
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India
| | - Cheryl M Woodley
- US National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Coral Disease & Health Program, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Ft. Johnson Rd., Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Kahelelani O Walsh
- Hawai'i Preparatory Academy, 65-1692 Kohala Mountain Road, Kamuela, HI 96743, USA
| | - Jenna Perry
- Hawai'i Preparatory Academy, 65-1692 Kohala Mountain Road, Kamuela, HI 96743, USA
| | - Evelyn M Downs
- Haereticus Environmental Laboratory, P.O. Box 92, Clifford, VA 24533, USA
| | - Lisa Bishop
- Friends of Hanauma Bay, P.O. Box 25761, Honolulu, HI 96825-07610, USA
| | - Achal Garg
- Chemists Without Borders, Sacramento, CA 95835, USA
| | - Kelly King
- Maui County Council, 200 S. High St., Wailuku, HI 96793, USA
| | - Tamara Paltin
- Maui County Council, 200 S. High St., Wailuku, HI 96793, USA
| | | | - Axel I Beers
- Maui County Council, 200 S. High St., Wailuku, HI 96793, USA
| | - Sadasivam Anbumani
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Jeff Bagshaw
- Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife, 685 Haleakala Hwy, Kahului, HI 96732, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schmid K, Reis-Filho JA, Loiola M, Harvey ES, de Kikuchi RKP, Giarrizzo T. Habitat-specific fish fauna responses to different management regimes in the largest coral reef complex in the South Atlantic. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 178:105661. [PMID: 35661942 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasing worldwide, it is still needed to assess the effectiveness of those already consolidated. Methods and ecological assessments to understanding integrated and habitat-specific management regimes are still scarce and insufficient for policy implications and biodiversity conservation. Through Baited Remote Underwater Video (BRUV), we used fish assemblages as proxy of ecological and managerial status in two reef habitat types along three protection levels at Abrolhos Bank - the largest and most biodiverse coral reef complex of the South Atlantic. We found completely distinct responses in the fish fauna between the top (shallow) and bottom (deep) habitats of the unique "chapeirões" pinnacle reef formations. In the most protected zone (no-take), higher richness and abundance of commercial fish and more diverse trophic structure was observed. Particularly, large (sharks and groupers) and small carnivores (snappers) were more abundant and distributed more homogeneously over both reef habitats in the strictly enforced no-take zone. Abundance of these top-predators decreased from the low enforcement no-take zone to the multiple use area, where they were often absent while their typical preys (primary and secondary consumers) were thriving, notably in the top habitats. These outcomes highlight the importance to focus investigations not selectively on a single habitat type or depth zone in order to properly assess MPA effectiveness. Consequently, the monitoring and protection of fish species supported by marine spatial planning may benefit from an improved understanding of ecological functioning provided by MPA performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Schmid
- Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Grupo de Ecologia Aquática, Belém, Pará State, Brazil
| | - José Amorim Reis-Filho
- Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia aplicada a Gestão Ambiental, Bahia State, Brazil; ICHTUS Ambiente & Sociedade, 41830-600, Bahia State, Brazil.
| | - Miguel Loiola
- Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Bioinformatics and Microbial Ecology Laboratory (BIOME), Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - Euan Sinclair Harvey
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ruy Kenji Papa de Kikuchi
- Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Department of Oceanography, Coral Reef and Global Climate Change Research Group, Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - Tommaso Giarrizzo
- Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Grupo de Ecologia Aquática, Belém, Pará State, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará State, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|