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Hinkov A, Tsvetkov V, Shkondrov A, Krasteva I, Shishkov S, Shishkova K. Effect of a Total Extract and Saponins from Astragalus glycyphyllos L. on Human Coronavirus Replication In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16525. [PMID: 38003714 PMCID: PMC10671514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the family Coronaviridae cause diseases in mammals, birds, and wildlife (bats), some of which may be transmissible to humans or specific to humans. In the human population, they can cause a wide range of diseases, mainly affecting the respiratory and digestive systems. In the scientific databases, there are huge numbers of research articles about the antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, and anthelmintic activities of medicinal herbs and crops with different ethnobotanical backgrounds. The subject of our research is the antiviral effect of isolated saponins, a purified saponin mixture, and a methanol extract of Astragalus glycyphyllos L. In the studies conducted for the cytotoxic effect of the substances, CC50 (cytotoxic concentration 50) and MTC (maximum tolerable concentration) were determined by the colorimetric method (MTT assay). The virus was cultured in the MDBK cell line. As a result of the experiments carried out on the influence of substances on viral replication (using MTT-based colorimetric assay for detection of human Coronavirus replication inhibition), it was found that the extract and the purified saponin mixture inhibited 100% viral replication. The calculated selective indices are about 13 and 18, respectively. The obtained results make them promising for a preparation with anti-Coronavirus action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Hinkov
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sofia “St. Kl. Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Venelin Tsvetkov
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sofia “St. Kl. Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Aleksandar Shkondrov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav St., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Ilina Krasteva
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav St., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Stoyan Shishkov
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sofia “St. Kl. Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Kalina Shishkova
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sofia “St. Kl. Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.T.); (S.S.)
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Hu S, Luo D, Zhu Q, Pan J, Chen B, Furian M, Harkare HV, Sun S, Fansa A, Wu X, Yu B, Ma T, Wang F, Shi S. An updated meta-analysis of Chinese herbal medicine for the prevention of COVID-19 based on Western-Eastern medicine. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1257345. [PMID: 38044944 PMCID: PMC10693348 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1257345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) was used to prevent and treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in clinical practices. Many studies have demonstrated that the combination of CHM and Western medicine can be more effective in treating COVID-19 compared to Western medicine alone. However, evidence-based studies on the prevention in undiagnosed or suspected cases remain scarce. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effectiveness of CHM in preventing recurrent, new, or suspected COVID-19 diseases. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search using ten databases including articles published between December 2019 and September 2023. This search aimed to identify studies investigating the use of CHM to prevent COVID-19. Heterogeneity was assessed by a random-effects model. The relative risk (RR) and mean differences were calculated using 95% confidence intervals (CI). The modified Jadad Scale and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) were employed to evaluate the quality of randomized controlled trials and cohort studies, respectively. Results: Seventeen studies with a total of 47,351 patients were included. Results revealed that CHM significantly reduced the incidence of COVID-19 (RR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.11-0.53, p = 0.0004), influenza (RR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.18-0.76, p = 0.007), and severe pneumonia exacerbation rate (RR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.05-0.64, p = 0.009) compared to non-treatment or conventional control group. Evidence evaluation indicated moderate quality evidence for COVID-19 incidence and serum complement components C3 and C4 in randomized controlled trials. For the incidence of influenza and severe pneumonia in RCTs as well as the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes, the evidence quality was low. The remaining outcomes including the disappearance rate of symptoms and adverse reactions were deemed to be of very low quality. Conclusion: CHM presents a promising therapeutic option for the prevention of COVID-19. However, additional high-quality clinical trials are needed to further strengthen evidential integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Hu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qikui Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computer and Data Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Bonan Chen
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Michael Furian
- Research Department, Swiss University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Bad Zurzach, Switzerland
| | - Harsh Vivek Harkare
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shoukai Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adel Fansa
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baili Yu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianhong Ma
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shihua Shi
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Bi Y, Xue Z. Dark septate endophyte inoculation enhances antioxidant activity in Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus under heat stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14054. [PMID: 38148191 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The influence of dark septate endophytic (DSE) on the antioxidant activity of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus under heat stress was investigated. A. membranaceus plants, with or without DSE inoculation, were grown at 28°C for 8 weeks in a greenhouse and subsequently subjected to heat stress conditions (42°C) in an artificial climate chamber. DSE inoculation significantly decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content during the initial three days of heat stress. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) of A. membranaceus leaves were significantly enhanced by DSE inoculation under heat stress, with SOD activities being 63-81% higher than in other treatments. The glutathione (GSH) and putrescine (Put) contents accumulated significantly on the third day under heat stress with DSE inoculation. Additionally, the contents of soluble sugars and proline (Pro) exhibited significant increases on the seventh day of heat stress and were 33-55% and 81-83% higher than in other treatments, respectively. Three-way ANOVA shows that DSE inoculation under heat stress exerted a significant impact on MDA. Multivariate linear regression and structural equality modelling (SEM) further show that the interaction among these antioxidants significantly decreased MDA content and maintained the normal function of cell membranes. In conclusion, DSE inoculation enhanced the heat tolerance of A. membranaceus by boosting its antioxidant capacity and reducing MDA production. This study highlights the potential of utilizing DSE as a strategy to enhance plant heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinli Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, China
- Institute of Ecological Environment Restoration in Mine Areas of West China, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Zike Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, China
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4
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Kim MH, Jin SC, Baek HK, Yang WM. Astragalus membranaceus and Cinnamomum cassia Stimulate the Hair Follicle Differentiation-Related Growth Factor by the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8607-8621. [PMID: 37998718 PMCID: PMC10670826 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus and Cinnamomum cassia are used as spices and flavorful ingredients, or medicinal herbs with pharmacological effects. In this study, the hair-growth-promoting effects of the YH complex, a newly developed formula consisting of membranaceus and C. cassia, are investigated with the prediction of its molecular mechanism. The target gene of the YH complex was about 74.8% overlapped with the gene set of 'Hair growth' on the GO Biological Process database. The oral administration of the YH complex promoted hair regrowth and increased hair-shaft thickness in depilated hair loss mice. In addition, the anagen/telogen hair follicle ratio was significantly increased by the YH complex. The growth factors affecting the growth of hair follicles were dose-dependently increased by treatment with the YH complex. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway expressions in skin tissues were apparently increased by the administration of the YH complex. In conclusion, the YH complex consisting of A. membranaceus and C. cassia induced hair follicle differentiation and preserved the growing-anagen phase by increasing growth factors and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, leading to the restoration of hair loss. The YH complex can be a remedy for hair loss diseases, such as alopecia areata, androgenetic alopecia, telogen effluvium, and chemotherapy-induced alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hye Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong Chul Jin
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.C.J.); (H.K.B.)
| | - Hee Kyung Baek
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.C.J.); (H.K.B.)
| | - Woong Mo Yang
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.C.J.); (H.K.B.)
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Tian Y, Zhang J, Li F, Wang A, Yang Z, Li J. Dietary supplementation with different alternative to in-feed antibiotic improves growth performance of broilers during specific phases. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102919. [PMID: 37494806 PMCID: PMC10393815 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of substituting Bacillus subtilis, Astragalus membranaceus, and enzymes for aureomycin to improve the growth performance of broilers during specific phases were studied to develop alternatives to in-feed antibiotics and decrease drug residues in meat food and antibiotic resistance. Six hundred one-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to 5 groups. Broilers in the control group were supplied with basal diets (CT), and those in the remaining 4 groups were supplied with feed containing aureomycin premix (AU), B. subtilis powder (BS), A. membranaceus root powder (AM), and enzyme compound powder (EN), respectively. Compared to the control group, broilers in the other groups exhibited better growth performance during different phases. Microbial analysis of cecal contents suggested that treatment with BS or EN significantly increased the abundance of Lactobacillus or Bifidobacteria but inhibited Escherichia coli or Clostridium welchii; however, these bacteria were suppressed by AU treatment except C. welchii. The digestibility of the feed in vitro was significantly enhanced by adding BS or EN to the feed, consistent with findings for growth performance. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 3 additives could improve the growth performance of broilers during specific phases. Future studies should focus on designing suitable schedules to partially replace in-feed antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhu Tian
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Jingyan Zhang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Fenghua Li
- Research and Development Center of Shandong Soocom Animal Remedy Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250306, China
| | - Anguo Wang
- Research and Development Center of Shandong Soocom Animal Remedy Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250306, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yang
- Shandong Institute of Modern Chinese Veterinary Medicine Industry Development, Jinan, 250306, China
| | - Jianxi Li
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
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Su M, Tang T, Tang W, Long Y, Wang L, Liu M. Astragalus improves intestinal barrier function and immunity by acting on intestinal microbiota to treat T2DM: a research review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1243834. [PMID: 37638043 PMCID: PMC10450032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a significant chronic endocrine/metabolism disorder that can result in a number of life-threatening consequences. According to research, the gut microbiota is strongly linked to the development of diabetes, making it a viable target for diabetes treatment. The intestinal microbiota affects intestinal barrier function, organism immunity, and thus glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. According to research, a disruption in the intestinal microbiota causes a decrease in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), alters the metabolism of bile acids (BAs), branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and endotoxin secretion, resulting in insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and the progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Astragali Radix is a medicinal herb of the same genus as food that has been extensively researched for treating diabetes mellitus with promising results in recent years. Polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, and other components are important. Among them, Astragaloside has a role in protecting the cellular integrity of the pancreas and liver, can leading to alleviation of insulin resistance and reducing blood glucose and triglyceride (TC) levels; The primary impact of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on diabetes is a decrease in insulin resistance, encouragement of islet cell proliferation, and suppression of islet β cell death; Astragali Radix flavonoids are known to enhance immunity, anti-inflammatory, regulate glucose metabolism and control the progression of diabetes. This study summarizes recent studies on Astragali Radix and its group formulations in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus by modulating the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Su
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
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Ngai HL, Lee HK, Shaw PC. DNA from herbs can be obtained from air and authenticated by polymerase chain reaction. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18946. [PMID: 37636375 PMCID: PMC10447936 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA barcoding of herbs allows accurate species authentication. However, the DNA of herbs are often not easily PCR amplified due to co-extraction of inhibitors. Methods have been developed to improve DNA extraction to reduce contaminants. These methods usually require toxic chemical treatments or expensive commercial kits and are labor intensive. In this report, we collected the air passed from the herbs and directly amplified the DNA obtained. Results showed that DNA could be obtained, and it was PCR amplifiable. Sequencing of the amplified DNA allowed species authentication. This DNA collection method is applicable to herbs from different plant tissues. It has the advantages of reducing the use of toxic substances and more economical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu-Lam Ngai
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung Kay Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pang-Chui Shaw
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- LDS YYC R&D Centre for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
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Chou MY, Wong YC, Wang SY, Chi CH, Wang TH, Huang MJ, Huang PH, Li PH, Wang MF. Potential antidepressant effects of a dietary supplement from Huáng qí and its complex in aged senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 mice. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1235780. [PMID: 37575325 PMCID: PMC10421658 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1235780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthcare is an emerging industry with significant market potential in the 21st century. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the benefits of tube feeding Huáng qí and its complexes for 8 weeks on 3-month-old senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAMP8) mice, 48 in total, randomly divided into 3 groups including control, Huáng qí extract [820 mg/kg Body weight (BW)/day], and Huáng qí complexes (6.2 mL /kg BW/day), where each group consisted of males (n = 8) and females (n = 8). Behavioral tests (locomotion test and aging score assessment on week 6, the single-trial passive avoidance test on week 7, and the active shuttle avoidance test on week 8) were conducted to evaluate the ability of the mice to learn and remember. In addition, after sacrificing the animals, the blood and organs were measured for antioxidant and aging bioactivities, including malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and catalase activities (CAT), and the effects on promoting aging in SAMP8 mice were investigated. The findings showed that Huáng qí enhanced locomotor performance and had anti-aging effects, with positive effects on health, learning, and memory in SAMP-8 mice (p < 0.05), whether applied as a single agent (820 mg/kg BW/day) or as a complex (6.2 mL/kg BW/day) (p < 0.05). Based on existing strengths, a more compelling platform for clinical validation of human clinical evidence will be established to enhance the development and value-added of astragalus-related products while meeting the diversified needs of the functional food market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yu Chou
- School of Business, Qanzhou Vocational and Technical University, Jinjiang, China
- International Aging Industry Research & Development Center (AIC), Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yue-Ching Wong
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Shih-Yi Wang
- International Aging Industry Research & Development Center (AIC), Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Ching-Hsin Chi
- International Aging Industry Research & Development Center (AIC), Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Teng-Hsu Wang
- PhytoHealth Corporation, Taipei city, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Mao-Jung Huang
- School of General Education, Hsiuping University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Ping-Hsiu Huang
- School of Food, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai’an, China
| | - Po-Hsien Li
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Ming-Fu Wang
- International Aging Industry Research & Development Center (AIC), Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
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Li Z, Qi J, Guo T, Li J. Research progress of Astragalus membranaceus in treating peritoneal metastatic cancer. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 305:116086. [PMID: 36587879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Peritoneal metastasis is a manifestation of advanced cancer often associated with a poor prognosis and poor response to treatment. Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge is a commonly used medicinal material in traditional Chinese medicine with various biological activities. In patients with cancer, Astragalus membranaceus has demonstrated anti-tumor effects, immune regulation, postoperative recurrence and metastasis prevention, and survival prolongation. AIM OF THE STUDY Peritoneal metastasis results from tumor cell and peritoneal microenvironment co-evolution. We aimed to introduce and discuss the specific mechanism of action of Astragalus membranaceus in peritoneal metastasis treatment to provide a new perspective for treatment and further research. MATERIALS AND METHODS We consulted reports on the anti-peritoneal metastases effects of Astragalus membranaceus from PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases, as well as Google Scholar. Meanwhile, we also obtained data from published medical works and doctoral and master's theses. Then, we focused on the research progress of Astragalus membranaceus in peritoneal metastatic cancer treatment. Plant names are provided in accordance with "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org). RESULTS To date, more than 200 compounds have been isolated from Astragalus membranaceus. Among them, Astragalus polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids are the main bioactive components, and their effects on cancer have been extensively studied. In this review, we systematically summarize the effects of Astragalus membranaceus on the peritoneal metastasis microenvironment and related mechanisms, including maintaining the integrity of peritoneal mesothelial cells, restoring the peritoneal immune microenvironment, and inhibiting the formation of tumor blood vessels, matrix metalloproteinase, and dense tumor spheroids. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis demonstrates that Astragalus membranaceus could be a potential therapeutic for preventing the occurrence of peritoneal metastasis. However, it might be too early to recommend its use owing to the paucity of reliable in vivo experiment, clinical data, and evidence of clinical efficacy. In addition, previous studies of Astragalus membranaceus report inconsistent and contradictory findings. Therefore, detailed in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies on the mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus in peritoneal metastatic cancer treatment are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Li
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Jinfeng Qi
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Tiankang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Junliang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China; The First School of Clinical Medical, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730030, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
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A two-layer nanofiber-Tragacanth hydrogel composite containing Lavender extract and Mupirocin as a wound dressing. Polym Bull (Berl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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11
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Vinh LB, Han YK, Park SY, Kim YJ, Phong NV, Kim E, Ahn BG, Jung YW, Byun Y, Jeon YH, Lee KY. Identification of triterpenoid saponin inhibitors of interleukin (IL)-33 signaling from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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12
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Long C, Feng H, Liu Z, Li Z, Liu J, Jiang Y, Yue R. Efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine injection for diabetic kidney disease: A network meta analysis and systematic review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1028257. [PMID: 36874023 PMCID: PMC9981802 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1028257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is an important public health problem worldwide that increases the mortality of patients and incurs high medical costs. Traditional Chinese Medicine injections (TCMIs) are widely used in clinical practice. However, their efficacy is unknown owing to a lack of definitive evidence. This study conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine injections in the treatment of DKD to provide a reference for clinical treatment. Methods: Total 7 databases had been searched, which included PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese scientific journal database (VIP), WanFang, and SinoMed. Only randomised controlled trials (RCT) had been included for analysis. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database until 20 July 2022. Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. Network meta-analyses, and Trial Sequential Analyses (TSA) were used to analysis the effectiveness of the included RCTs for DKD. The Stata 15.1 and R 4.0.4 were used to perform the network meta-analysis. Sensitivity analysis was used to assess the robustness of the findings. The effect of the intervention evidence are summarized on the basis of the minimum background framework. Results: NMA showed that the total effective rate of SMI, DCI, DHI, HQI, and SKI combined with alprostadil injection (PGE1) was better than PGE1 single used. Based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve values, PGE1+DHI was the most effective for urinary albumin excretion rate and 24 h urinary albumin, PGE1+HQI was the most effective for the total response rate and β2-MG, and PGE1+SKI was the most effective for serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Cluster analysis found that PGE1+HQI and PGE1+SKI could be the best treatments in terms of primary outcome measures. PGE1+SKI was found to be most effective on glomerular filtration function. PGE1+DHI was most effective for urinary protein-related indices. Conclusion: The efficacy of TCMI combined with PGE1 was higher than PGE1 single used. PGE1+HQI and PGE1+SKI were the most effective treatments. The safety of TCMI treatment should be investigated further. This study needs to be validated using large-sample, double-blind, multicentre RCTs. Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=348333], identifier [CRD42022348333].
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyi Long
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoyue Feng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zihan Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- People's Hospital of Nanjiang County, Bazhong, China
| | - Yayi Jiang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rensong Yue
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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13
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El-Fakhrany HH, Ibrahim ZA, Ashour EA, Osman A, Alagawany M. Effects of in ovo injection of Astragalus kahericus polysaccharide on early growth, carcass weights and blood metabolites in broiler chickens. Anim Biotechnol 2022; 33:1639-1645. [PMID: 34097569 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1924763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the impact of in ovo Astragalus kahericus polysaccharide (AKP) injections on performance, carcass weights, and blood constituents in Cobb chicks. Un-sexed 1 day broiler chicks (250) were divided into five treatment groups with five replicates of 10 chicks per group. The groups were as follows: (1) negative control (without additive), (2) positive control (saline injection), (3) 1.5 mg AKP, (4) 3.0 mg AKP, and (5) 4.5 mg in ovo AKP injections. Apart from the control groups, no significant changes in body weight at 3 and 5 weeks of age, and daily weight gains during 0-3 weeks of age were detected among the treatment groups. Daily feed consumption was decreased in AKP groups, while feed conversion ratio was improved with AKP when compared to the PC. AKP injections significantly altered the lipid profile parameters, including total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, and very low-density lipoproteins in the plasma (p < 0.05); but there were no statistical differences in HDL (p > 0.001). AKP injections significantly impacted biochemical blood parameters, including total protein, albumin, and globulin, in broiler chicken plasma (p < 0.05). Liver and kidney functions were influenced by in ovo AKP injections in broilers. Antioxidant enzymes also changed significantly after in ovo injection with AKP. Moreover, in ovo injection of AKP significantly altered immunity (IgG and IgM) in broilers. In conclusion, in ovo injection of AKP significantly improved liver and kidney functions, antioxidant activity, and immune function in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zenat A Ibrahim
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Elwy A Ashour
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ali Osman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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14
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A sandwich electrospun nanofibers/Tragacanth hydrogel composite containing Aloe vera extract and silver sulfadiazine as a wound dressing. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04603-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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15
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Dewan K, Lopez V, Jamal N. Complementary and Integrative Medicine and the Voice. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2022; 55:1007-1016. [PMID: 36088156 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Dysphonia is a ubiquitous problem impacting a broad range of people. As communication is central to the human experience, any perturbation of the voice can be frustrating for the patient and the physician. Nutritional, psychological, and physical means of preventing and treating hoarseness have been used by humans since the beginning of written record. Today, we use a selection of these approaches, along with traditional medicine, to alleviate problems of the vocal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Dewan
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA
| | - Vanessa Lopez
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, USA
| | - Nausheen Jamal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, 1210 West Schunior Street, EMEBL 3.145, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA.
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16
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A Review of Medicinal Plants of the Himalayas with Anti-Proliferative Activity for the Treatment of Various Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163898. [PMID: 36010892 PMCID: PMC9406073 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Drugs are used to treat cancer. Most drugs available in the market are chemosynthetic drugs and have side effects on the patient during and after the treatment, in addition to cancer itself. For instance, hair loss, loss of skin color and texture, loss of energy, nausea, infertility, etc. To overcome these side effects, naturally obtained drugs from medicinal plants are preferred. Our review paper aims to encourage the study of anticancer medicinal plants by giving detailed information on thirty-three medicinal plants and parts that constitute the phytochemicals responsible for the treatment of cancer. The development of plant-based drugs could be a game changer in treating cancer as well as boosting the immune system. Abstract Cancer is a serious and significantly progressive disease. Next to cardiovascular disease, cancer has become the most common cause of mortality in the entire world. Several factors, such as environmental factors, habitual activities, genetic factors, etc., are responsible for cancer. Many cancer patients seek alternative and/or complementary treatments because of the high death rate linked with cancer and the adverse side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Traditional medicine has a long history that begins with the hunt for botanicals to heal various diseases, including cancer. In the traditional medicinal system, several plants used to treat diseases have many bioactive compounds with curative capability, thereby also helping in disease prevention. Plants also significantly contributed to the modern pharmaceutical industry throughout the world. In the present review, we have listed 33 medicinal plants with active and significant anticancer activity, as well as their anticancer compounds. This article will provide a basic set of information for researchers interested in developing a safe and nontoxic active medicinal plant-based treatment for cancer. The research will give a scientific foundation for the traditional usage of these medicinal herbs to treat cancer.
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17
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Roots of Astragalus propinquus Schischkin Regulate Transmembrane Iron Transport and Ferroptosis to Improve Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7410865. [PMID: 35958925 PMCID: PMC9363172 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7410865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The dried roots of the Astragalus propinquus Schischkin (RAP) plant, as a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used to treat stroke, cerebral ischemia, qi deficiency, and hypertension. Buyang Huanwu decoction is traditionally used to treat stroke in China for more than 200 years and has a significant effect on cerebral ischemia, and RAP is monarch medicine of Buyang Huanwu decoction. Therefore, this study was designed to observe the regulatory effect of RAP on transmembrane iron transporters and ferroptosis-related factors in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) in rats. Methods Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was used to block blood flow in the blood supply area of the middle cerebral artery in seventy male SD rats to induce focal CIRI to establish a rat model of CIRI. RAP was administered to explore the regulatory effect of RAP on iron transmembrane transport under the condition of CIRI. The infarct size was measured using 2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, the pathological structure of brain tissue was observed by HE staining, and neuronal injury was evaluated by Nissl staining after treatment. Then, changes in the iron transporters ferritin (Fn), ferritin heavy chain (FHC), ferritin light chain (FLC), transferrin (Tf), transferrin receptor (TfR), divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), L-type calcium channel (LTCC), transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6), and ferroportin 1 (FPN1) were observed by immunohistochemistry staining (IHC) and Western blotting. The expression of key factors of ferroptosis, including the membrane sodium-dependent cystine/glutamate antiporter System Xc− (System Xc−) light chain subunit (XCT) and heavy chain subunit (SLC3A2), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and iron-responsive element-binding protein 2 (IREB2) in the brain tissues of rats was assessed by Western blotting. RAP decreased the infarct size and neuronal injury after CIRI in rats. Similarly, RAP treatment regulated the expression of iron transporters. As such, RAP was able to reduce the expression of Fn, FHC, FLC, Tf, TfR, DMT1, and TRPC6 and increase the expression of FPN1 through a Tf/TfR-independent pathway after CIRI in rats. Conclusion RAP stimulation inhibited ferroptosis by regulating the expression of the key ferroptosis factors XCT, SLC3A2, GPX4, NRF2, HO-1, and IREB2. In conclusion, RAP regulates transmembrane iron transport and ferroptosis to improve CIRI.
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18
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Real-World Evidence of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Treatment on Cancer: A Literature-Based Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7770380. [PMID: 35815277 PMCID: PMC9259235 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7770380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for evidence-based medicine, they do not always reflect the real condition of patients in the real-world setting, which limits their generalizability and external validity. Real-world evidence (RWE), generated during routine clinical practice, is increasingly important in determining external effectiveness of the tightly controlled conditions of RCTs and is well recognized as a valuable complement to RCTs by regulatory bodies currently. Since it could provide new ideas and methods for clinical efficacy and safety evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and high-quality evidence support, real-world study (RWS) has received great attention in the field of medicine, especially in the field of TCM. RWS has shown desirable adaptability in the clinical diagnosis and treatment practice of traditional Chinese medicine. Consequently, it is increasingly essential for physicians and researchers to understand how RWE can be used alongside clinical trial data on TCM. Here, we discuss what real-world study is and outline the benefits and limitations of real-world study. Furthermore, using examples from TCM treatment on cancer, including Chinese herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion, integrated TCM and Western medicine treatment, and other treatments, we elaborate how RWE can be used to help inform treatment decisions when doctoring patients with cancer in the clinic.
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19
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Farag MR, Alagawany M, Khalil SR, El-Hady EW, Elhady WM, Ismail TA, Marini C, Di Cerbo A, Abdel-Latif HMR. Immunosuppressive Effects of Thallium Toxicity in Nile Tilapia Fingerlings: Elucidating the Rescue Role of Astragalus membranaceus Polysaccharides. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:843031. [PMID: 35754552 PMCID: PMC9218348 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.843031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the immunotoxic effects of thallium (Tl) in Nile tilapia fingerlings and the recovery role of dietary Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides (ASs). An 8-week experiment was designed where 180 fishes were randomly and equally assigned in triplicates into the six groups: the control group (CNT) was reared in unpolluted water and fed a commercial diet, two groups were fed a well-balanced commercial diet plus 1.5 and 3.0 g AS/kg diet (AS0.15 and AS0.30), respectively, the fourth group was exposed to a sublethal dose of Tl (41.9 μg l-1) [equal to 1/10 of 96-h lethal concentration 50 (LC50)], and the last two groups were fed 0.15 and 0.3% AS, respectively, and concurrently exposed to Tl (41.9 μg l-1) (AS0.15+Tl and AS0.30+Tl). Fish hematobiochemical parameters, serum immunity [nitric oxide, total immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels, and lysozyme activity], transcription of hepatic interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) were assessed. Hematobiochemical parameters and serum immune indices were significantly decreased in the fish group exposed to sublethal Tl concentration compared to the CNT group. Furthermore, Tl exposure significantly induced overexpression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ genes (4.22-, 5.45-, and 4.57-fold higher, respectively) compared to CNT values. Tl exposure also increased the cumulative mortality (%) in Nile tilapia challenged with A. hydrophila. Remarkably, the groups fed AS0.15+Tl and AS0.30+Tl significantly ameliorated all the aforementioned parameters, but did not reach CNT values. Our findings suggest the possible immunomodulating roles of dietary AS in recovering the immunotoxic effects of Tl in Nile tilapia. We can conclude that dietary AS would be useful for maintaining the immunity of Nile tilapia fingerlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayada R Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samah R Khalil
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman W El-Hady
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Walaa M Elhady
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Tamer Ahmed Ismail
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlotta Marini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Hany M R Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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20
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Han NR, Kim KC, Kim JS, Ko SG, Park HJ, Moon PD. The immune-enhancing effects of a mixture of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, Angelica gigas Nakai, and Trichosanthes Kirilowii (Maxim.) or its active constituent nodakenin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114893. [PMID: 34875347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A mixture (SH003) of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, Angelica gigas Nakai, and Trichosanthes Kirilowii (Maxim.) has beneficial effects against several carcinomas. There have been few reports on an immune-enhancing activity of SH003 and its active constituent nodakenin. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed at identifying the immune-enhancing effect of SH003 and nodakenin. MATERIALS AND METHODS The immune-enhancing effect was evaluated using RAW264.7 macrophages, mouse primary splenocytes, and a cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced immunosuppression murine model. RESULTS The results show that SH003 or nodakenin stimulated the production levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, IL-12, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and nitric oxide (NO) and the expression levels of iNOS in RAW264.7 macrophages. SH003 or nodakenin also enhanced NF-κB p65 activation in RAW264.7 macrophages. SH003 or nodakenin stimulated the production levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-2, TNF-α, and NO and the expression levels of iNOS in splenocytes. SH003 or nodakenin increased the splenic lymphocyte proliferation and splenic NK cell activity. In addition, SH003 or nodakenin increased the levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α in the serum and spleen of CP-treated mice, alleviating CP-induced immunosuppression. CONCLUSION Taken together, the results of this study show that SH003 improved immunosuppression through the activation of macrophages, splenocytes, and NK cells. These findings suggest that SH003 could be applied as a potential immunostimulatory agent for a variety of diseases caused or exacerbated by immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ra Han
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyeoung-Cheol Kim
- Majors in Plant Resource and Environment, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju-Sung Kim
- Majors in Plant Resource and Environment, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Department of Anatomy & Information Sciences, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Phil-Dong Moon
- Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Zeng X, Li J, Lyu X, Chen XM, Guo S. Nutritional Characterization and Untargeted Metabolomics of Oyster Mushroom Produced Using Astragalus membranaceus var. mongolicus Stems and Leaves as Substrates. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:802801. [PMID: 35185978 PMCID: PMC8853653 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.802801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus var. mongolicus (AMM) is an edible and medicinal material and is commonly used in East Asia. According to the pharmacopeia of China, the dried root of AMM is medicinal. However, the aerial parts of AMM are always directly discarded after harvest. The stems and leaves are also rich in active compounds, including saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and polysaccharides. To rationally use resources, waste products from AMM stems and leaves are useful substrates for edible fungus cultivation. Here, oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus var. florida) was cultivated on a basal substrate supplemented with AMM stems and leaves (AMM group). The nutritional and chemical composition of the fruiting body were analyzed by metabolomics and chemometrics. Our results showed that AMM addition to the substrate affected the fresh weight, moisture, fat, protein, and element concentrations, and amino acid composition of oyster mushroom. Moreover, 2,156 metabolites were detected and annotated based on the metabolomics data, of which 680 were identified as differentially expressed metabolites. Many active phytometabolites previously identified in AMM herbs were also detected in the metabolomics of oyster mushroom from AMM group, including 46 terpenoids, 21 flavonoids, 17 alkaloids, 14 phenylpropanoids, and 3 fatty acids. In summary, our results imply that oyster mushroom cultured with AMM stems and leaves might have very high nutritional therapy health care value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiao-Mei Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shunxing Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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22
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Alagawany M, Ashour EA, El-Fakhrany HHH, Ismail TA, Nasr M. Early nutrition programming with Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide: its effect on growth, carcasses, immunity, antioxidants, lipid profile and liver and kidney functions in broiler chickens. Anim Biotechnol 2022; 33:362-368. [PMID: 35034576 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.2025067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the influence of in ovo injection of Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide on growth, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, carcasses, hematology, and blood metabolites in Cobb 500 chicks. At the 7th day of incubation, a total of 250 eggs were randomly divided into five groups with 5 replications of 10 eggs of each: negative control (normal eggs), positive control (0.5 mL saline), 1.5 mg Astragalus membranaceus, 3.0 mg Astragalus membranaceus, and 4.5 mg in ovo Astragalus membranaceus injection. Live body weight and gain were not significantly (linear and quadratic) affected by in ovo injection of Astragalus membranaceus. Kidney and liver functions were influenced by in ovo injection of Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides in broiler chickens. Antioxidant enzymes were quadratically increased with Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides, and the highest values achieved with 4.5 mg. The MDA concentration was linearly and quadratically decreased with in ovo injection of Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides when compared to negative control. The highest values of IgG and IgM were achieved with 1.5 mg Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides when compared to all other groups. In conclusion, our results indicate that in ovo injection of Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides 1.5-4.5 mg in broiler eggs significantly improved serum ALT, AST, AP, creatinine enzymes, antioxidant activity, and immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Elwy A Ashour
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Tamer Ahmed Ismail
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Nasr
- Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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Blaylock RL. Covid-19 pandemic: What is the truth? Surg Neurol Int 2021; 12:591. [PMID: 34992908 PMCID: PMC8720447 DOI: 10.25259/sni_1008_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing “pandemic” involving the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2) has several characteristics that make it unique in the history of pandemics. This entails not only the draconian measures that some countries and individual states within the United States and initiated and made policy, most of which are without precedent or scientific support, but also the completely unscientific way the infection has been handled. For the 1st time in medical history, major experts in virology, epidemiology, infectious diseases, and vaccinology have not only been ignored, but are also demonized, marginalized and in some instances, become the victim of legal measures that can only be characterized as totalitarian. Discussions involving various scientific opinions have been eliminated, top scientists have been frightened into silence by threats to their careers, physicians have lost their licenses, and the concept of early treatment has been virtually eliminated. Hundreds of thousands of people have died needlessly as a result of, in my opinion and the opinion of others, poorly designed treatment protocols, mostly stemming from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, which have been rigidly enforced among all hospitals. The economic, psychological, and institutional damage caused by these unscientific policies is virtually unmeasurable. Whole generations of young people will suffer irreparable damage, both physical and psychological, possibly forever. The truth must be told.
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Sheng Z, Jiang Y, Liu J, Yang B. UHPLC-MS/MS Analysis on Flavonoids Composition in Astragalus membranaceus and Their Antioxidant Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1852. [PMID: 34829723 PMCID: PMC8614773 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus is a valuable medicinal plant species widely distributed in Asia. Its root is the main medicinal tissue rich in methoxylated flavonoids. Origin can highly influence the chemical composition and bioactivity. To characterize the principal chemicals influenced by origin and provide more information about their antioxidant profile, the extracts of A. membranaceus roots from four origins were analysed by UHPLC-MS/MS. Thirty-four flavonoids, including thirteen methoxylated flavonoids, fifteen flavonoid glycosides and six flavonols, were identified. By principal component analysis, eighteen identified compounds were considered to be principal compounds. They could be used to differentiate A. membranaceus from Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang and Gansu. The antioxidant activity was analysed by ORAC assay, DPPH radical scavenging activity assay and cell antioxidant activity assay. 'Inner Mongolia' extract showed the highest antioxidant activity. These results were helpful to understand how origin influenced the quality of A. membranaceus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Sheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (Z.S.); (Y.J.)
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (Z.S.); (Y.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junmei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Bao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (Z.S.); (Y.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Liang P, Mao L, Ma Y, Ren W, Yang S. A systematic review on Zhilong Huoxue Tongyu capsule in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: Pharmacological actions, molecular mechanisms and clinical outcomes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 277:114234. [PMID: 34044079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have become a severe threat for human health worldwide, however, optimal therapeutic options are still developed. Zhilong Huoxue Tongyu capsule (ZL capsule) is mainly composed of Astragalus membranaceus, Leech, Earthworm, Cinnamomum cassia and Sargentodoxa cuneata, having functions of replenishing qi and activating blood, dispelling wind and reducing phlegm. It is an expanded application on the basis of traditional uses of above TCMs, acquiring a satisfactory curative effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases over twenty years. AIM OF THE STUDY To comprehensively summarize the main components of ZL capsule, understand the mechanisms of ZL capsule, and conclude clinical regimens of ZL capsule for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS We selected network pharmacology technology to analyze main active compounds and predict underlying mechanism of ZL capsule against atherosclerosis. Molecular docking was performed to simulate the interaction pattern between the active components of ZL capsule and putative targets. Further, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Google Scholar were used to search literatures, with the key words of "Zhilong Huoxue Tongyu capsule", "cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases", "atherosclerosis", "clinical study" and their combinations, mainly from 2000 to 2020. RESULTS Both network pharmacology analysis, molecular docking and animal experiments studies confirmed that mechanisms of ZL capsule plays the role of anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis and promoting angiogenesis in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases by multi-components acting on multi-targets via multi-pathways. Over 1000 clinical cases were benefited from the treatment of ZL capsule, suggesting a holistic concept of "the same therapy for different myocardial and cerebral diseases". CONCLUSIONS For the first time, this systematic review may supply meaningful information for further studies to explore material basis and pharmacodynamics of ZL capsule and also provide a basis for sharing the "Chinese patent medicine" for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Linshen Mao
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Ma
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Ren
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Sijin Yang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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Evaluation of adjuvant activity of Astragaloside VII and its combination with different immunostimulating agents in Newcastle Disease vaccine. Biologicals 2021; 70:28-37. [PMID: 33608170 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragaloside VII (AST-VII), a major cycloartane saponin isolated from Turkish Astragalus species, turned out to be one of the most active metabolites demonstrating Th1/Th2 balanced immune response. As Quillaja saponins are extensively used in adjuvant systems, this study made an attempt to improve AST-VII based adjuvant systems by using different immunostimulatory/delivery agents (monophosphoryllipid A (MPL), Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) and squalene) and to induce cellular and humoral immune response against a viral vaccine. For this purpose, Newcastle Disease vaccine (NDV) was chosen as a model vaccine. Swiss albino mice were immunized subcutaneously with LaSota vaccines in the presence/absence of AST-VII or developed adjuvant systems. AST-VII administration both in live/inactivated LaSota vaccines induced neutralizing and NDV specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2b antibodies response as well as IL-2 and IL-4 production. APS based delivery systems enhanced the production of neutralizing antibody and the minor augmentation of IFN-γ and IL-2 levels. Squalene emulsion (SE) alone or combined with AST-VII were effective in NDV restimulated splenocyte proliferation. As a conclusion, AST-VII and AST-VII containing adjuvant systems demonstrated Th1/Th2 balanced antibody and cellular immune responses in NDV vaccines. Thus, these systems could be developed as vaccine adjuvants in viral vaccines as alternative to saponin-based adjuvants.
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WuLi W, Harn HJ, Chiou TW, Lin SZ. Chinese herbs and acupuncture to improve cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease. Tzu Chi Med J 2021; 33:122-127. [PMID: 33912408 PMCID: PMC8059467 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_51_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a variety of causes. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which includes the two main approaches of acupuncture and herbal medication, views the human body as a self-controlled system network. Fundamental theories, including "qi," the five elements, and the theory of viscera, form the basis for classification. Diseases in humans are considered to be caused by an imbalance of "yang qi" and "yin qi" that lead to the nonhomeostasis of organs. Acupuncture is derived from 12 main meridians and 365 acupuncture points characterized by "blood and qi." Needling of different positions corresponds to specific disease treatments to increase qi. Treatment with Chinese herbal medicines is based on syndrome differentiation characterized as "Zheng" which differs from the cause orientation approach of Western medicine. In this article, we review basic and clinical research studies that describe TCM herbs and acupuncture for the treatment of AD. Moreover, we propose that these two approaches be integrated to improve the outcomes for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei WuLi
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sicence, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tzyy-Wen Chiou
- Department of Life Sicence, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
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Chan PW, Chiu JH, Huang N, Chen CM, Yu H, Liu CY, Hsu CH. Influence of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Medical Adherence and Outcome in Estrogen Receptor (+) Breast Cancer Patients in Taiwan: A Real-World Population-Based Cohort Study. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 80:153365. [PMID: 33126168 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical adherence is often higher in clinical trials than in real world practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on medical adherence to hormonal therapy (HT) and survival outcome in ER (+) breast cancer patients in Taiwan. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Using a nationwide longitudinal population-based database, we enrolled patients with newly diagnosed ER-positive breast cancer who had received HT, and followed for up to 5 years (N = 872). Medication adherence in terms of medication possession ratios (MPR) and patient outcome were evaluated with or without TCM exposure. We applied logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards (PH) analysis to identify factors, including TCM exposure, associated with adherence to HT and mortality. RESULTS MPR to HT in general decreased over the 5-year period post breast cancer diagnosis. Both TCM and MPR to HT ≥ 80% were significantly associated with reduced risk of breast cancer-associated mortality. Subgroup analysis revealed that TCM annual visits ≥ 3 times with CHP prescription 1~90 days per year affected mortality reduction most significantly (HR: 0.26; 95% CI = 0.08-0.83; p < 0.05) compared to other TCM use. In contrast, using TCM (either short-term or long-term) was not associated with MPR in HT. CONCLUSIONS Our results supported the potential advantage of TCM on breast cancer-associated mortality, whereas TCM use does not compromise medical adherence to HT. This study offers important insights in integrative therapy for HT in patients with estrogen receptor (+) breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi-Wei Chan
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hwey Chiu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Comprehensive Breast Health Center & Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Nicole Huang
- Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chyong-Mei Chen
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Hung Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Hua Hsu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Branch of Linsen, Chinese Medicine, and Kunming, Taipei City Hospital, No. 530, Linsen North Road, Zhongshan District, Taipei City 104, Taiwan.
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Wang XJ, Ding LM, Wei HY, Jiang CX, Yan Q, Hu CS, Jia GX, Zhou YQ, Henkin Z, Degen AA. Astragalus membranaceus root supplementation improves average daily gain, rumen fermentation, serum immunity and antioxidant indices of Tibetan sheep. Animal 2020; 15:100061. [PMID: 33516026 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of antibiotics as supplements in animal feed is restricted due to possible health hazards associated with them. Consequently, there is increasing interest in exploiting natural products to improve health and production of livestock with no detrimental side effects. In this study, we examined the effect of Astragalus membranaceus root (AMT) supplementation on DM intake, growth performance, rumen fermentation and immunity of Tibetan sheep. Twenty-four male Tibetan sheep (31 ± 1.4 kg; 9 months old) were assigned randomly to one of four dietary treatments with different levels of AMT: 0, 20, 50 and 80 g/kg DM (A0, A2, A5 and A8, respectively) in addition to their basal diets. A0 acted as a control group, and measurements were recorded over a 56-d feeding period. Sheep fed with AMT had a higher average daily gain and a lower feed:gain ratio than controls (P < 0.001). Rumen concentrations of NH3-N (P < 0.001), total volatile fatty acids (P = 0.028), acetate (P = 0.017) and propionate (P = 0.031) in A5 and A8 were higher than those in A0. The addition of AMT in the feed significantly increased serum antioxidant and immunity factors of the sheep and increased the concentrations of serum interleukin, immunoglobulin and tumour necrosis factor-α (P = 0.010). We concluded that AMT can be used as a feed additive to improve growth performance and rumen fermentation and enhance the immunity of Tibetan sheep. Some responses exhibited a dose-dependent response, whereas other did not exhibit a pattern, with an increase in AMT. The addition of 50 and 80 g/kg AMT of total DM intake showed the most promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem, Engineering Research Center of Arid Agriculture and Ecological Remediation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - L M Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem, Engineering Research Center of Arid Agriculture and Ecological Remediation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016, China.
| | - H Y Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem, Engineering Research Center of Arid Agriculture and Ecological Remediation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - C X Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem, Engineering Research Center of Arid Agriculture and Ecological Remediation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Q Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem, Engineering Research Center of Arid Agriculture and Ecological Remediation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - C S Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem, Engineering Research Center of Arid Agriculture and Ecological Remediation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - G X Jia
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining 810001, China
| | - Y Q Zhou
- Haibei Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Beef Cattle & Yak Industrial Technology System, Haibei 810299, China
| | - Z Henkin
- Beef Cattle Section, Department of Natural Resources, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe-Ya'ar Research Center, POB 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - A A Degen
- Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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Wu X, Li X, Wang W, Shan Y, Wang C, Zhu M, La Q, Zhong Y, Xu Y, Nan P, Li X. Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics study of traditional herb Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongolicus (Bge.) Hsiao reveals global metabolic profile and novel phytochemical ingredients. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:697. [PMID: 33208098 PMCID: PMC7677826 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongolicus (Bge.) Hsiao is one of the most common herbs widely used in South and East Asia, to enhance people's health and reinforce vital energy. Despite its prevalence, however, the knowledge about phytochemical compositions and metabolite biosynthesis in Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongolicus (Bge.) Hsiao is very limited. RESULTS An integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis using state-of-the-art UPLC-Q-Orbitrap mass spectrometer and advanced bioinformatics pipeline were conducted to study global metabolic profiles and phytochemical ingredients/biosynthesis in Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongolicus (Bge.) Hsiao. A total of 5435 metabolites were detected, from which 2190 were annotated, representing an order of magnitude increase over previously known. Metabolic profiling of Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongolicus (Bge.) Hsiao tissues found contents and synthetic enzymes for phytochemicals were significantly higher in leaf and stem in general, whereas the contents of the main bioactive ingredients were significantly enriched in root, underlying the value of root in herbal remedies. Using integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics data, we illustrated the complete pathways of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and isoflavonoid biosynthesis, in which some were first reported in the herb. More importantly, we discovered novel flavonoid derivatives using informatics method for neutral loss scan, in addition to inferring their likely synthesis pathways in Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongolicus (Bge.) Hsiao. CONCLUSIONS The current study represents the most comprehensive metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis on traditional herb Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongolicus (Bge.) Hsiao. We demonstrated our integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics approach offers great potentials in discovering novel metabolite structure and associated synthesis pathways. This study provides novel insights into the phytochemical ingredients, metabolite biosynthesis, and complex metabolic network in herbs, highlighting the rich natural resource and nutritional value of traditional herbal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuetong Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuanhong Shan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cuiting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mulan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Qiong La
- Research Institute of Biodiversity & Geobiology, Department of Life Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, China 850000, China
| | - Yang Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Research Institute of Biodiversity & Geobiology, Department of Life Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, China 850000, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Peng Nan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Xuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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The relationship between structural properties and activation of RAW264.7 and natural killer (NK) cells by sulfated polysaccharides extracted from Astragalus membranaceus roots. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Chen Z, Liu L, Gao C, Chen W, Vong CT, Yao P, Yang Y, Li X, Tang X, Wang S, Wang Y. Astragali Radix (Huangqi): A promising edible immunomodulatory herbal medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 258:112895. [PMID: 32330511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Astragali Radix (AR, Huangqi in Chinese), the dried root of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao or A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge., possesses diverse therapeutic effects against fatigue, dyspepsia, diarrhea, heart diseases, hepatitis, and anemia. In recent years, increasing evidence has indicated the multiple immunomodulatory activities of AR in preclinical and clinical studies. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review attempts to elaborate the immunomodulatory effects of AR and its potential application in the treatment of immune related diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search AR was carried out using multiple internationally recognized databases (including Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, ACS, Springer, Taylor & Francis, and CNKI). RESULTS The immunomodulatory effects of AR are closely attributed to its active constituents such as polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids. We also demonstrate that AR can be used as a potential therapeutic intervention for immune related diseases through regulating immune organs, mucosal immune, and immune system (innate immunity and acquired immunity). CONCLUSION AR promotes the development of immune organs, enhances mucosal immune function, increases the quantity and phagocytic capacity of innate immunity, promotes the maturation and differentiation of acquired immunity cells, and improves the expression of antibodies in acquired immunity. We believe that AR has a broad research space in the adjuvant treatment of immune related diseases, which could be a breakthrough point to improve the application value of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhejie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; PU-UM Innovative Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong-Macau Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Industrial Park Development Co., Ltd, Hengqin New Area, Zhuhai, China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Caifang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Peifen Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yuhan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiuzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
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Li S, Sun Y, Huang J, Wang B, Gong Y, Fang Y, Liu Y, Wang S, Guo Y, Wang H, Xu Z, Guo Y. Anti-tumor effects and mechanisms of Astragalus membranaceus (AM) and its specific immunopotentiation: Status and prospect. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 258:112797. [PMID: 32243990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With cancer deaths increasing, the initiation, pathophysiology and curative management of cancer is receiving increasing attention. Traditional therapies such as surgery and chemoradiotherapy are often accompanied by suppression of host immunity, which increase the risk of metastasis. Astragalus membranceus (AM) is commonly utilized as one herbal medicine of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) with a variety of biological activities. Studies have shown that the active ingredients of AM and AM-based TCMs, combined with chemotherapy, can enhance anti-tumor efficacy in cancer patients, in addition to reduce complications and avoid side effects induced by chemotherapy. By using various cancer models and cell lines, AM has been found to be capable of shrinking or stabilizing tumors by direct anti-proliferation or pro-apoptosis effect on tumor cells. Further, AM ameliorates immunosuppression by activating M1 macrophages and T cells tumor-kill function in tumor microenvironment (TME). AM is also found to improve systemic immunity which may help promoting efficacy of chemotherapy and preventing metastasis. Thereby this review contributes to an understanding of AM as an adjunctive therapy in the whole course of cancer treatment, at the same time providing useful information for development of more effective anti-tumor medication. The combination of AM and immune checkpoint therapies has a promising therapeutic prospect, and the observation of direct efficacy and mechanisms on tumor growth and metastasis of AM combined with chemotherapies or other therapies require more in vivo validations and further clinical investigation as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Acupuncture Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Nephropathy and Rheumatology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300250, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Acupuncture Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute of Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yinan Gong
- Acupuncture Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yuxin Fang
- Acupuncture Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Acupuncture Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shenjun Wang
- Acupuncture Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Acupuncture Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Acupuncture Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Yongming Guo
- Acupuncture Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Jo SY, Kim MH, Lee H, Lee SH, Yang WM. Ameliorative and Synergic Effects of Derma-H, a New Herbal Formula, on Allergic Contact Dermatitis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1019. [PMID: 32760271 PMCID: PMC7371928 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is characterized by itching, skin inflammation, and allergic responses caused by release of immunoglobulin E and T helper 2-specific cytokines. The aim of this study is to investigate the ameliorative and synergic effects of herbal formula, Derma-H, containing Astragalus membranaceus Fisch. ex Bunge (AM) and Nepeta tenuifolia Benth (NT) which have been used as traditional medicinal herbs for the cure of dryness, edema, and pruritus. 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) was applied for ACD induction. AM, NT, and a mixture of AM and NT was topically applied to skin lesions for 11 days. Dermatitis score and number of scratches were significantly diminished in AM, NT, and AM + NT (Derma-H)-treated groups. Especially, Derma-H was more effective than single treatment of AM and NT on skin hyperplasia and mast cell infiltration. Also, NGF expression decreased by NT and a mixture of AM and NT. Additionally, series of TrkA, Raf-1, MEK, and ERK were significantly inhibited by topical AM and NT application. Those findings suggested AM and NT treatment has a synergic effect on DNCB-induced ACD in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Yeon Jo
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Hye Kim
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Haesu Lee
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Haeng Lee
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woong Mo Yang
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Kang-ai Injection (康艾注射液) Inhibits Gastric Cancer Cells Proliferation through IL-6/STAT3 Pathway. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 28:524-530. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Santoro V, Parisi V, D’Ambola M, Sinisgalli C, Monné M, Milella L, Russo R, Severino L, Braca A, Tommasi ND. Chemical Profiling of Astragalus membranaceus Roots (Fish.) Bunge Herbal Preparation and Evaluation of Its Bioactivity. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20924152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus (Fish.) Bunge is a perennial herb distributed in the northern part of China, and its roots, namely, Hang qi, are included as a natural ingredient in dietary supplement formulations commonly used to treat different disorders such as respiratory infections, diabetes, and heart failure. The availability of a simple method for the determination of the quality of Astragalus herbal preparations could be a challenging issue for commercial purposes. In this study, a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS)/MS based approach was used to characterize specialized metabolite recovery of 3 commercial hydroalcoholic extracts of A. membranaceus (AMG1, AMG2, AMG3) in addition to a hydroalcoholic extract of A. membranaceus root (AST). The hypoglycemic effect, cholinesterase inhibition, and antioxidant activities were also evaluated. Thirty-one compounds, of which 19 polyphenols and 12 saponins, were identified. The extracts were also quantified by using a sensitive and selective Q-Trap system for their content in flavonoids and astragalosides, selecting astragaloside I and IV as chemical markers. From our results, AMG3 preparation (Axtragyl) was the most abundant in terms of both specialized classes of metabolites, showing a fingerprint similar to that of AST. Interestingly, tested enzyme inhibition ability of flavonoids, daidzein (11) and formononetin (19), reported a higher α-glucosidase inhibition in comparison with that of acarbose used as positive control. The in silico study clarified the interactions among the molecules and the importance of having a free hydroxy group. Moreover, Axtragyl was able to exert protective effects in Caco-2 cells treated with hydrogen peroxide, confirming its ability as a potential protective agent in intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Parisi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Italy
| | | | | | - Magnus Monné
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Italy
| | - Luigi Milella
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Italy
| | | | - Lorella Severino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli, Italy
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Effect of Astragalus membranaceus Oral Solution on Lifespan and Learning and Memory Ability of Honey Bees. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5745048. [PMID: 32351998 PMCID: PMC7174962 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5745048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of Astragalus membranaceus oral solution on lifespan and learning and memory abilities of honey bees were evaluated. Two groups of bees were fed with sucrose syrup (50%) containing low dose (1.33%) and high dose (13.3%) of A. membranaceus oral solution, respectively. The proboscis extension response (PER) analysis was applied to examine the learning and memory capabilities of bees. Two genes related to memory formation in honey bees were determined by real-time PCR. High dose (13.3%) of A. membranaceus significantly decreased the mean lifespan of bees compared to the bees fed with low dose (1.33%) and control bees. No significant differences in lifespan of bees were found between low-dose-fed bees and control bees. The results of PER experiments showed apparent improvement in the memorizing ability of the high-dose group (in comparison with the control group). Moreover, the relative expression levels of Nmdar1 in the low-dose group and control group were significantly lower than those in the high-dose group. It is preliminarily concluded that A. membranaceus has an adverse effect on the mean lifespan of honey bees but might be helpful in strengthening memories.
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Liu Y, Liu J, Abozeid A, Wu KX, Guo XR, Mu LQ, Tang ZH. UV-B Radiation Largely Promoted the Transformation of Primary Metabolites to Phenols in Astragalus mongholicus Seedlings. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E504. [PMID: 32225015 PMCID: PMC7226020 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
: Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation (280-320 nm) may induce photobiological stress in plants, activate the plant defense system, and induce changes of metabolites. In our previous work, we found that between the two Astragalus varieties prescribed by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Astragalus mongholicus has better tolerance to UV-B. Thus, it is necessary to study the metabolic strategy of Astragalus under UV-B radiation further. In the present study, we used untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS techniques) to investigate the profiles of primary and secondary metabolic. The profiles revealed the metabolic response of Astragalus to UV-B radiation. We then used real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to obtain the transcription level of relevant genes under UV-B radiation (UV-B supplemented in the field, λmax = 313 nm, 30 W, lamp-leaf distance = 60 cm, 40 min·day-1), which annotated the responsive mechanism of phenolic metabolism in roots. Our results indicated that supplemental UV-B radiation induced a stronger shift from carbon assimilation to carbon accumulation. The flux through the phenylpropanoids pathway increased due to the mobilization of carbon reserves. The response of metabolism was observed to be significantly tissue-specific upon the UV-B radiation treatment. Among phenolic compounds, C6C1 carbon compounds (phenolic acids in leaves) and C6C3C6 carbon compounds (flavones in leaves and isoflavones in roots) increased at the expense of C6C3 carbon compounds. Verification experiments show that the response of phenolics in roots to UV-B is activated by upregulation of relevant genes rather than phenylalanine. Overall, this study reveals the tissues-specific alteration and mechanism of primary and secondary metabolic strategy in response to UV-B radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ann Abozeid
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-koom 32511, Egypt
| | - Ke-Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Li-Qiang Mu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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Jiang Z, Mao Z. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) alleviates the malignant biological behavior of hepatocellular carcinoma via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. RSC Adv 2019; 9:35473-35482. [PMID: 35528074 PMCID: PMC9074712 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05933d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is an active substance isolated from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bungede, which has been shown to have pharmacological effects in a variety of cancers. However, the effects of AS-IV in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its related mechanisms have been poorly understood. In this study, we explored the roles of AS-IV on HCC and the underlying signaling pathway. We reported that the appropriate concentrations of AS-IV (25, 50, 100 nmol l-1) significantly suppressed the proliferation and cell cycle of HepG2 and Hep3B cell lines whilst promoting apoptosis. Besides, a trans-well and wound healing assay showed that AS-IV could markedly inhibit the migration and invasion of HepG2 and Hep3B cells, the expression of E-cadherin was up-regulation but the expression of N-cadherin and vimentin was down-regulation, and the protein levels of cleaved-caspase-3, 9 were increased markedly compared with the corresponding control. Furthermore, animal model treatment revealed that AS-IV could effectively reduce tumor formation. Moreover, AS-IV also significantly weakened the expression of Wnt, β-catenin and TCF-4 in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these results suggested that AS-IV inhibited the biological processes of HCC via regulating of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhongYu Jiang
- Department of Cancer Center, Zhejiang Quhua Hospital Quzhou City Zhejiang Province 324004 China
| | - Zhen Mao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital No. 204, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District Lanzhou City Gansu Province 730000 China
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Zheng Y, Duan W, Sun J, Zhao C, Cheng Q, Li C, Peng G. Structural Identification and Conversion Analysis of Malonyl Isoflavonoid Glycosides in Astragali Radix by HPLC Coupled with ESI-Q TOF/MS. Molecules 2019; 24:E3929. [PMID: 31683508 PMCID: PMC6864771 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, four malonyl isoflavonoid glycosides (MIGs), a type of isoflavonoid with poor structural stability, were efficiently isolated and purified from Astragali Radix by a medium pressure ODS C18 column chromatography. The structures of the four compounds were determined on the basis of NMR and literature analysis. Their major diagnostic fragment ions and fragmentation pathways were proposed in ESI/Q-TOF/MS positive mode. Using a target precursor ions scan, a total of 26 isoflavonoid compounds, including eleven malonyl isoflavonoid glycosides coupled with eight related isoflavonoid glycosides and seven aglycones were characterized from the methanolic extract of Astragali Radix. To clarify the relationship of MIGs and the ratio of transformation in Astragali Radix under different extraction conditions, two MIGs (calycosin-7-O-glycoside-6″-O-malonate and formononetin-7-O-glycoside-6″-O-malonate) coupled with related glycosides (calycosin-7-O-glycoside and formononetin-7-O-glycoside) and aglycones (calycosin and formononetin) were detected by a comprehensive HPLC-UV method. Results showed that MIGs could convert into related glycosides under elevated temperature conditions, which was further confirmed by the conversion experiment of MIGs reference compounds. Moreover, the total contents of MIGs and related glycosides displayed no obvious change during the long-duration extraction. These findings indicated that the quality of Astragali Radix could be evaluated efficiently and accurately by using the total content of MIGs and related glycosides as the quality index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Weiping Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jie Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Chenguang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qizhen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Cunyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Guoping Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Flower A, Harman K, Willcox M, Stuart B, Moore M. The RUTI trial: A feasibility study exploring Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of recurrent urinary tract infections. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 243:111935. [PMID: 31082512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is a widely used traditional intervention that may have a role to play in addressing the global problem of antimicrobial resistance in conditions such as recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTIs). AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the feasibility of administering standardised and individualised formulations of CHM for RUTIs as a Clinical Trial of an Investigational Medicinal Product (CTIMP) within primary care of the UKs National Health Service (NHS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Regulatory approval was applied for a placebo controlled, double blinded randomised controlled feasibility trial comparing a) standardised CHM vs placebo administered via General practitioners, and b) individualised CHM vs placebo administered by an experienced CHM practitioner. Primary feasibility outcomes included: gaining regulatory approval, recruitment, randomisation, retention, safety and the relevance of outcomes measures. RESULTS Regulatory approval for testing CHM as a CTIMP was successfully obtained. Recruitment to the trial was slow and non-NHS self help networks were required to find participants for the individualised arm (n = 31). Retention and data collection in the standardised arm (n-30) were problematic, but these were acceptable in the individualised arm. The use of a daily symptom diary was not a suitable outcome measure for women with continuous infection. Other measures showed promising preliminary data for the individualised arm on improvement in symptoms, and reduction in antibiotic use during and after the trial. CONCLUSION CHM can fulfil the demanding requirements of a CTIMP study but it may not be feasible at this point in time to recruit and treat via NHS primary care. However acceptable rates of recruitment and retention via self-help groups and promising preliminary results in the individualised arm suggest it would be worth testing this approach in a full trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Flower
- Primary Care & Population Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK.
| | - Kim Harman
- Primary Care & Population Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK.
| | - Merlin Willcox
- Primary Care & Population Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK.
| | - Beth Stuart
- Primary Care & Population Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK.
| | - Michael Moore
- Primary Care & Population Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK.
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Huang J, Wong KH, Tay SV, How A, Tam JP. Cysteine-Rich Peptide Fingerprinting as a General Method for Herbal Analysis to Differentiate Radix Astragali and Radix Hedysarum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:973. [PMID: 31417590 PMCID: PMC6684776 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Species misidentification and adulteration are major concerns in authenticating herbal medicines. Radix Astragali (RA), the roots of Astragalus membranaceus, is a traditional herbal medicine used for treating diabetes. However, it is often substituted by Radix Hedysarum (RH), the roots of Hedysarum polybotrys from the same plant family Fabaceae, which possesses different bioactivities. Current authentication methods, focusing on the chemical composition differences of herbal medicines based on small molecules, have limitations when these chemical markers are found in many species. Herein, we describe a rapid and general method using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), coupled with multivariate analyses to differentiate herbal medicines. We used cysteine-rich peptide (CRP) fingerprinting, a method that exploits an underexplored chemical space between 2 to 6 kDa and which is populated by highly stable CRPs. To show the generality of the method, we screened 100 medicinal plant extracts and showed that CRP fingerprints are unique chemical markers. In addition, CRP fingerprinting was many-fold faster than the conventional authentication method using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Multivariate analyses showed that it has comparable classification accuracy as UPLC fingerprinting. Together, our findings revealed that CRP fingerprinting coupled with multivariate analyses is a rapid and general method for authentication and quality control for natural products in medicinal plants.
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Shen X, Sun H, Cui H, Jin Y, Jin W, Cui X, Guo J. Astragaloside attenuates lipopolysaccharide‐induced cell apoptosis in human gingiva cells via MAPK signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:12273-12279. [PMID: 31001851 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xionghu Shen
- Department of Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University Yanji People's Pepublic of China
| | - Honghua Sun
- Department of Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University Yanji People's Pepublic of China
| | - Hai Cui
- Department of Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University Yanji People's Pepublic of China
| | - Yongmin Jin
- Department of Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University Yanji People's Pepublic of China
| | - Wenbo Jin
- Department of Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University Yanji People's Pepublic of China
| | - Xian Cui
- Department of Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University Yanji People's Pepublic of China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
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Chahibakhsh N, Hosseini E, lslam MS, Rahbar AR. Bitter almond gum reduces body mass index, serum triglyceride, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in overweight subjects with hyperlipidemia. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
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Feng X, Shi H, Chao X, Zhao F, Song L, Wei M, Zhang H. Deciphering the Pharmacological Mechanism of the Herb Radix Ophiopogonis in the Treatment of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Integrating iTRAQ-Coupled 2-D LC-MS/MS Analysis and Network Investigation. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:253. [PMID: 30936832 PMCID: PMC6431671 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The herb Radix Ophiopogonis (RO) has been used effectively to treat nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) as an adjunctive therapy. Due to the complexity of the traditional Chinese herbs, the pharmacological mechanism of RO’s action on NPC remains unclear. To address this problem, an integrative approach bridging proteome experiments with bioinformatics prediction was employed. First, differentially expressed protein profile from NPC serum samples was established using isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) coupled 2-D liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS analysis. Second, the RO putative targets were predicted using Traditional Chinese Medicines Integrated Database and known therapeutic targets of NPC were collected from Drugbank and OMIM databases. Then, a network between RO putative targets and NPC known therapeutic targets was constructed. Third, based on pathways enrichment analysis, an integrative network was constructed using DAVID and STRING database in order to identify potential candidate targets of RO against NPC. As a result, we identified 13 differentially expressed proteins from clinical experiments compared with the healthy control. And by bioinformatics investigation, 12 putative targets of RO were selected. Upon interactions between experimental and predicted candidate targets, we identified three key candidate targets of RO against NPC: VEGFA, TP53, and HSPA8, by calculating the nodes’ topological features. In conclusion, this integrative pharmacology-based analysis revealed the anti-NPC effects of RO might be related to its regulatory impact via the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway, and the cAMP signaling pathway by targeting VEGFA, TP53, and HSPA8. The findings of potential key targets may provide new clues for NPC’s treatments with the RO adjunctive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Feng
- Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Hailong Shi
- Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xu Chao
- Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Liang Song
- Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Minhui Wei
- Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.,Basic Medical Academy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
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Wang F, Chen S, Deng L, Chen L, Huang Y, Tian M, Li C, Zhou X. Protective Effects of Astragaloside IV against LPS-Induced Endometritis in Mice through Inhibiting Activation of the NF-κB, p38 and JNK Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020373. [PMID: 30669661 PMCID: PMC6360020 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometritis, inflammation of the endometrium, is a common reproductive obstacle disease that can lead to infertility in female animals. Astragaloside IV (AS IV), one of the major and active components of the Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, is known for its anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, the effects and mechanisms of AS IV on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endometritis were investigated using a mouse model. Female mice were prepared with AS IV (0.01 mg/g) by gavage for six days before being stimulated with LPS. The results showed that the histopathological changes, levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α), concentration of NO, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in LPS-induced uteri were attenuated significantly by pretreatment with AS IV. Furthermore, LPS-induced activations of NF-κB, p38, and JNK signal pathways were suppressed by pretreatment with AS IV. In conclusion, the data provided new evidence that AS IV effectively attenuates LPS-induced endometritis through inhibition of TLR4-mediated NF-κB, p38, and JNK signaling pathways, implying that AS IV might become a promising potential anti-inflammatory agent for endometritis and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengge Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 5333 Xian Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China.
| | - Shuxiong Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 5333 Xian Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China.
| | - Liang Deng
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 5333 Xian Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China.
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 5333 Xian Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China.
| | - Yuwen Huang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 5333 Xian Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China.
| | - Meng Tian
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 5333 Xian Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China.
| | - Chunjin Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 5333 Xian Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China.
| | - Xu Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 5333 Xian Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China.
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Park B, You S, Cho WCS, Choi JY, Lee MS. A systematic review of herbal medicines for the treatment of cancer cachexia in animal models. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2019; 20:9-22. [PMID: 30614226 PMCID: PMC6331334 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1800171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to summarize preclinical studies on herbal medicines used to treat cancer cachexia and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS We searched four representing databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and the Web of Science up to December 2016. Randomized animal studies were included if the effects of any herbal medicine were tested on cancer cachexia. The methodological quality was evaluated by the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies (CAMARADE) checklist. RESULTS A total of fourteen herbal medicines and their compounds were identified, including Coptidis Rhizoma, berberine, Bing De Ling, curcumin, Qing-Shu-Yi-Qi-Tang, Scutellaria baicalensis, Hochuekkito, Rikkunshito, hesperidin, atractylodin, Sipjeondaebo-tang, Sosiho-tang, Anemarrhena Rhizoma, and Phellodendri Cortex. All the herbal medicines, except curcumin, have been shown to ameliorate the symptoms of cancer cachexia through anti-inflammation, regulation of the neuroendocrine pathway, and modulation of the ubiquitin proteasome system or protein synthesis. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that herbal medicines might be a useful approach for treating cancer cachexia. However, more detailed experimental studies on the molecular mechanisms and active compounds are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongki Park
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Oriental College, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34020, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooseong You
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - William C. S. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun-Yong Choi
- Department of Korean Internal Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Soo Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
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48
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Quantitative Evaluation of Twelve Major Components of Sulfur-Fumigated Astragali Radix with Different Durations by UPLC-MS. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102609. [PMID: 30314364 PMCID: PMC6222433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, an improved UPLC-MS (Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) method for simultaneously quantifying twelve major components belonging to two chemical types was developed and validated, and was applied to quantitatively compare the quality of sulfur-fumigated Astragali Radix of different durations and of the fresh reference sample. The results showed that the contents of triterpenes astragaloside III and astragaloside IV decreased moderately, while the flavonoids calycosin, formononetin, and 7,2′-dihydroxy-3′,4′-dimethoxyisoflavane decreased significantly. The corresponding flavonoid glycosides increased accordingly, which indicated the occurrence of chemical transformation of flavonoids and glycosides in the process of sulfur-fumigation. These transformations were further confirmed by the synthesis of flavonoid glycosides under simulated sulfur-fumigation circumstances. Furthermore, the sulfur-fumigated duration varied in proportion with the contents of compounds 7, 11, and 12. These results suggest that the established method was precise, accurate and sensitive enough for the global quality evaluation of sulfur-fumigated Astragali Radix. Further, sulfur-fumigation not only changes the proportions of bioactive components, but also causes chemical transformation in Astragali Radix.
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49
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Huang J, Chen H, Li C, Liu W, Ma W, Rui W. Screening and Identification of the Metabolites of Water Extracts of Raw and Honey-Processed Astragalus in Rat Urine Based on UHPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS and Multivariate Statistical Analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:1919-1935. [PMID: 29931491 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-2003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Radix Astragali is a famous traditional Chinese medicine and honey-processed Astragalus is a product of Radix Astragali acquired by honey-processing. These two products are widely utilized to treat various diseases. In this study, we screened bioactive components and metabolites of raw and honey-processed Astragalus in rat urine by ultra-performance liquid chromatography equipped with electrospray ionization/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS) combined with multivariate statistical analysis. In total, 62 compounds, including 7 parent compounds and 55 metabolites, were detected and 11 metabolites were characterized for the first time. The identified metabolites indicated that the metabolic reactions of Astragalus in rats included hydroxylation, glucuronidation, deglucosidation, monomethylation, demethylation, sulfation, hydrogenation, and dehydroxylation. The metabolic pathways of raw and honey-processed Astragalus in rat urine also were clarified. Through multivariate statistical analysis of the data of the raw and honey-processed Astragalus groups, we found that 20 compounds were differential components and that 1 metabolite only existed in the honey-processed Astragalus group. The differences in these ingredients between these two groups might provide the basis for interpreting the biologic activity differences in traditional Chinese medicine treatments. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Central Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyuan Chen
- Department of Immunology & Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chanyi Li
- Central Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuping Liu
- Central Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Central Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Rui
- Central Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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50
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Zheng Y, Dai Y, Liu W, Wang N, Cai Y, Wang S, Zhang F, Liu P, Chen Q, Wang Z. Astragaloside IV enhances taxol chemosensitivity of breast cancer via caveolin-1-targeting oxidant damage. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:4277-4290. [PMID: 30146689 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that caveolin-1 (CAV-1) is a stress-related oncotarget and closely correlated to chemoresistance. Targeting CAV-1 might be a promising strategy to improve chemosensitivity for breast cancer treatment. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a bioactive compound purified from Astragalus membranaceus, has been shown to exhibit multiple bioactivities, including anticancer. However, the involved molecular targets are still ambiguous. In this study, we investigated the critical role of CAV-1 in mediating the chemosensitizing effects of AS-IV to Taxol on breast cancer. We found that AS-IV could enhance the chemosensitivity of Taxol with minimal direct cytotoxicity on breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, as well as the nontumor mammary epithelial cell line MCF-10A. AS-IV was further demonstrated to aggravate Taxol-induced apoptosis and G2/M checkpoint arrest. The phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK), except p38, was also abrogated by a synergistic interaction between AS-IV and Taxol. Moreover, AS-IV inhibited CAV-1 expression in a dose-dependent manner and reversed CAV-1 upregulation induced by Taxol administration. Mechanism study further demonstrated that AS-IV treatment triggered the eNOS/NO/ONOO- pathway via inhibiting CAV-1, which led to intense oxidant damage. CAV-1 overexpression abolished the chemosensitizing effects of AS-IV to Taxol by inhibiting oxidative stress. In vivo experiments further validated that AS-IV increased Taxol chemosensitivity on breast cancer via inhibiting CAV-1 expression, followed by activation of the eNOS/NO/ONOO- pathway. Taken together, our findings not only suggested the potential of AS-IV as a promising candidate to enhance chemosensitivity, but also highlighted the significance of CAV-1 as the target to reverse cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zheng
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, The Research Centre of Integrative Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Translational Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine & Cancer Stress Signaling, College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, The Research Centre of Integrative Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Neng Wang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, The Research Centre of Integrative Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Translational Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine & Cancer Stress Signaling, College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Post-Doctoral Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youli Cai
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, The Research Centre of Integrative Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Post-Doctoral Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, The Research Centre of Integrative Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Translational Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine & Cancer Stress Signaling, College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxue Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, The Research Centre of Integrative Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Translational Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine & Cancer Stress Signaling, College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Post-Doctoral Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengxi Liu
- Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Translational Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine & Cancer Stress Signaling, College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianjun Chen
- Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, The Research Centre of Integrative Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Translational Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine & Cancer Stress Signaling, College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Post-Doctoral Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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