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Chen F, Pu S, Tian L, Zhang H, Zhou H, Yan Y, Hu X, Wu Q, Chen X, Cheng SH, Xu S. Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata promoted zebrafish fin regeneration through aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent autophagy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118272. [PMID: 38710459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
HEADINGS ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (RRP), a staple in traditional Chinese medicine, is derived from Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch and is renowned for its wound-healing properties. Despite its clinical prevalence, the molecular mechanisms underlying RRP's wound-healing effects have not been fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This research endeavored to delineate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of RRP on wound healing, utilizing a zebrafish model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Zebrafish larvae at 3 days post-fertilization were amputated at the fin and subsequently treated with RRP. The pro-wound healing and regenerative effects of RRP were evaluated through morphological analysis, assessment of cell proliferation and apoptosis, Additionally, mechanistic insights were gained through a comprehensive approach encompassing network pharmacology analysis, cell tracing, RNA-sequencing, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, and pharmacological inhibition. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that RRP significantly accelerates caudal fin regeneration in zebrafish following injury by suppressing cell apoptosis, promoting cell proliferation, and upregulating the expression of regenerative-related genes. Furthermore, RRP triggers autophagy signals during the regenerative process, which is attenuated by the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ). Notably, the administration of RRP enhances the expression of ahr1 and ahr2 in the regenerating fin. Genetic knockout of ahr1a, ahr1b, or ahr2 using CRISPR/Cas9, or pharmacological blockade of AHR signals with the antagonist CH-223191, diminishes the regenerative potential of RRP. Remarkably, zebrafish lacking ahr2 completely lose their fin regeneration ability. Additionally, inhibition of AHR signaling suppresses autophagy signaling during fin regeneration. CONCLUSIONS This study uncovers that RRP stimulates fin regeneration in zebrafish by inducing AHR signals and, at least partially, activating the autophagy process. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the wound-healing effects of RRP and may pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Chen
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China; Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China; College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Shiming Pu
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China; Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China; College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huixian Zhou
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China; Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China; College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Yijing Yan
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China; Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China; College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaolin Hu
- School of Economics and Management, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China; Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China; College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- Vitargent (International) Biotechnology Limited, Unit 516, 5/F. Biotech Centre 2, No. 11 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shuk Han Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shisan Xu
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China; Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China; College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China.
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Pandey S, Shamim A, Shaif M, Kushwaha P. Development and evaluation of Resveratrol-loaded liposomes in hydrogel-based wound dressing for diabetic foot ulcer. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:1811-1825. [PMID: 36862150 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic foot wounds (DFUs) are counted as one of the most common microvascular complications associated with poorly controlled and chronic diabetes mellitus. It confers a serious challenge to clinical practice, surmounting hyperglycemia-induced disturbance in angiogenesis and endothelial dysfunction, with limited fruitful intervention to control the manifestations of DFUs. Resveratrol (RV) can improve endothelial function and has strong pro-angiogenic properties for the treatment of diabetic foot wounds. The present study aims to design an RV-loaded liposome-in-hydrogel system to effectively heal diabetic foot ulcers. A thin-film hydration method was used to prepare RV-loaded liposomes. Liposomal vesicles were assessed, for various characteristics such as particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. The best-prepared liposomal vesicle was then incorporated into 1% carbopol 940 gel to develop a hydrogel system. The RV-loaded liposomal gel showed improved skin penetration. To assess the efficacy of the developed formulation, a diabetic foot ulcer animal model was used. The topical application of the developed formulation significantly reduced blood glucose and increased glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) to improve ulcer healing as well as wound closure on day 9. Faster re-epithelization, proliferation of fibroblast, formation of collagen, and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration at the wound site were also noted. Results indicate that RV-loaded liposomes in hydrogel-based wound dressing significantly accelerate wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers by restoring the altered wound healing process in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Pandey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli-Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Arshiya Shamim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli-Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Mohammad Shaif
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli-Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Poonam Kushwaha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli-Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India.
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Miraj SS, Kurian SJ, Rodrigues GS, Saravu K, Rao M, Raychaudhuri SP, Downs BW, Bagchi D. Phytotherapy in Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Promising Strategy for Effective Wound Healing. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2023; 42:295-310. [PMID: 35512780 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2022.2034069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the advancement in wound care, the effective therapy of chronic diabetic ulcers continues to be a challenge. Wound healing is a highly controlled process, which involves a sequence of complex overlapping steps. This healing pathway comprises of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferative, and remodeling phases. Recent evidence suggests that phytomedicines can prevent or repair different kinds of destructive cellular damage, including chronic wounds. Several phytochemicals such as polyphenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and glycosides have pleiotropic effects, including stimulation of fibroblast proliferation, the main step in wound healing. Besides, the mechanism involves induction of collagen synthesis, migration, and reepithelization and their antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory actions. Similarly, the use of phytochemicals alone or as an adjuvant with standard therapy has demonstrated promising results in managing complications in the diabetic foot. For instance, the extract of Carica papaya has been shown antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects, which, together with proteolytic enzymatic activity, contributes to its wound healing property. It is generally believed that phytotherapy has no or minimal toxicity than synthetic therapeutic agents, favoring its use in diabetic foot ulcer management. The current review highlights the selected phytochemicals and their sources; and potential application in diabetic foot ulcer management.Key teaching points and nutritional relevanceCurrently, phytochemicals have been shown wide potential in disease. management including alleviating clinical manifestations, preventing degenerative disease, and curing illness.Increased evidence of phytochemical as anti-infective and anti-inflammatory suggests its role in the management of diabetic foot ulcer(DFU).Potential benefit along with minimal adverse effect favors its application as adjuvant therapy.Further research is needed to standardize its dose and formulation to enhance its clinical application in DFU management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Sekhar Miraj
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of High Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Center for Infectious Diseases, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shilia Jacob Kurian
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of High Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Center for Infectious Diseases, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Gabriel Sunil Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kavitha Saravu
- Manipal Center for Infectious Diseases, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahadev Rao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of High Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Siba Prasad Raychaudhuri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- VA Medical Centre, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | | - Debasis Bagchi
- Department of R&D, VNI Inc, Bonita Springs, Florida, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Biology, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, USA
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Ning S, Zang J, Zhang B, Feng X, Qiu F. Botanical Drugs in Traditional Chinese Medicine With Wound Healing Properties. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:885484. [PMID: 35645789 PMCID: PMC9133888 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.885484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic and unhealed wound is a serious public problem, which brings severe economic burdens and psychological pressure to patients. Various botanical drugs in traditional Chinese medicine have been used for the treatment of wounds since ancient time. Nowadays, multiple wound healing therapeutics derived from botanical drugs are commercially available worldwide. An increasing number of investigations have been conducted to elucidate the wound healing activities and the potential mechanisms of botanical drugs in recent years. The aim of this review is to summarize the botanical drugs in traditional Chinese medicine with wound healing properties and the underlying mechanisms of them, which can contribute to the research of wound healing and drug development. Taken together, five botanical drugs that have been developed into commercially available products, and 24 botanical drugs with excellent wound healing activities and several multiherbal preparations are reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Feng Qiu
- *Correspondence: Feng Qiu, ; Xinchi Feng,
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Thomas A, Bankar N, Nagore D, Kothapalli L, Chitlange S. Herbal Oils for Treatment of Chronic and Diabetic Wounds: A Systematic Review. Curr Diabetes Rev 2022; 18:e220321192406. [PMID: 34225631 DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666210322151700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present scenario, diabetes is a growing health challenge, and its occurrence is growing across the globe. Diabetes, with its complications like diabetic wounds, vasculopathy, neuropathy, wound infections, and oxidative stress, is a serious cause of mortality worldwide. INTRODUCTION Among the various complications, treatment of diabetic foot and ulcers is one of the major concerns in patients who are suffering from diabetes. The causative factors for this condition include increased oxidative stress, high blood glucose levels, vascular insufficiency, and microbial infections, and many a time, if left untreated, it may even lead to amputations of the lower extremities. The present therapy for the treatment of diabetic wounds mainly involves the use of synthetic moieties and other biotechnology-derived biomolecules, including growth factors. Few plant products are also useful in the treatment of wounds. METHODS Essential oils derived from various herbs are reported to possess significant wound healing potential and promote blood clotting, help to fight infections, and accelerate the wound healing process. Hence, the present review is a systematic analysis of all the available data on the use of the natural oils with their biological source, active phytochemical constituents present, and the probable mechanism of action for the treatment of chronic and diabetic wounds in suitable animal models. A methodical collection of data was performed, and information was searched up to April 2020 in entirety. Key phrases used for the data search include the pathophysiology of wounds, diabetic foot wound and its complications, natural oils for chronic and diabetic wound treatment. RESULTS This review summarizes the natural oils which are reported in the literature to be beneficial in the treatment of chronic wounds, while some oils have been specifically also studied against wounds in diabetic rats. Essential oils are said to interact with the body pharmacologically, physiologically and psychologically and help in rapid wound healing. However, the majority of the literature studies have demonstrated wound healing activity only in animal models (preclinical data), and further clinical studies are necessary. CONCLUSION This review provides a platform for further studies on the effective utilization of natural oils in the treatment of chronic and diabetic wounds, especially if oils are to receive credibility in the management of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Thomas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, MS, India
| | - Nilam Bankar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, MS, India
| | - Dheeraj Nagore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, MS, India
| | - Lata Kothapalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, MS, India
| | - Sohan Chitlange
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, MS, India
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Agarwal T, Tan SA, Onesto V, Law JX, Agrawal G, Pal S, Lim WL, Sharifi E, Moghaddam FD, Maiti TK. Engineered herbal scaffolds for tissue repair and regeneration: Recent trends and technologies. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2021.100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Huang L, Cai HA, Zhang MS, Liao RY, Huang X, Hu FD. Ginsenoside Rg1 promoted the wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers via miR-489-3p/Sirt1 axis. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 147:271-283. [PMID: 34507636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are common complications of high severity for diabetes. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) has the potential for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases therapy. This research aimed at exploring the regulation of Rg1 on DFUs treatment and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) incubated with high-glucose culture medium were established for induction of diabetes model. The MTT assay, Annexin V/PI assay and oxidative stress detection were carried out on high-glucose-induced HUVECs. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to prove the interaction of miR-489-3p and Sirt1. DFUs model was established to determine the efficiency of Rg1 and miR-489-3p in wound closure of DFUs in vivo. RESULTS Rg1 promoted cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis, and reduced cell apoptosis in high-glucose-induced HUVECs. Knockdown of miR-489-3p alleviated the high-glucose-induced damage to HUVECs, while overexpression of miR-489-3p attenuated the protection effects of Rg1. Overexpression Sirt1 promoted wound healing in DFUs and Sirt1 was a direct target of miR-489-3p. In addition, animal experiments demonstrated that Rg1 promoted wound closure by regulating miR-489-3p/Sirt1 axis. CONCLUSIONS Rg1 alleviated the DFUs by increasing Sirt1 expression via miR-489-3p downregulation and promoting activation of PI3K/AKT/eNOS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, PR China; Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Hua-An Cai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410016, Hunan Province, PR China; Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410016, Hunan Province, PR China.
| | - Ming-Sheng Zhang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, PR China; Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Ruo-Yi Liao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410004, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410016, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Feng-Dan Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410016, Hunan Province, PR China
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Gong PY, Guo YJ, Tian YS, Gu LF, Qi J, Yu BY. Reverse tracing anti-thrombotic active ingredients from dried Rehmannia Radix based on multidimensional spectrum-effect relationship analysis of steaming and drying for nine cycles. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 276:114177. [PMID: 33945856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and modern pharmacodynamics, dried Rehmannia Radix (DRR) possesses prominent anti-thrombotic activity that decreases after processing by nine steaming and drying cycles to develop processed Rehmannia Radix (PRR). Due to the complexity of the DRR components, the chemical mechanism leading to efficacy changes of DRR caused by processing is still unclear. AIM OF STUDY This study aimed to trace the anti-thrombotic active compounds of DRR and different degrees of processed RR (PRR) and to evaluate the synergistic effects among different active components. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-thrombotic active chemical fraction of DRR extracts was evaluated. Targeted fractions of the processed products of RR were prepared at different processing stages. The changes in monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and secondary metabolites during processing were characterized by multidimensional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The anti-thrombotic effects of targeted fractions of different RR samples were evaluated by analyzing the length of tail thrombus (LT) and serum biochemical indicators in carrageenan-induced tail-thrombus mice. The spectrum-effect relationships were investigated by partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis and gray correlation analysis (GRA). Finally, the active compounds were screened by spectrum-effect relationship analysis and validated in vivo, and their synergistic effects were determined by Webb's fraction multiplication method. RESULTS Six ingredients highly associated with anti-thrombotic activities were screened out by the spectrum-effect relationship analysis, of which oligosaccharides (stachyose, sucrose and raffinose) and iridoid glycosides (catalpol, leonuride and melitoside) possessed a synergistic effect on tumor necrosis factors (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1)/tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) ratio in vivo with synergistic coefficient (SC) > 1. CONCLUSION The main material basis of the anti-thrombotic activities of DRR is oligosaccharide components of stachyose, raffinose and sucrose, iridoid glycosides components of catalpol, leonuride and melittoside. The two kinds of components exert synergistic anti-thrombotic effects by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors and regulating the balance of the fibrinolysis system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu-Yang Gong
- Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yu-Jie Guo
- Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Yu-Shan Tian
- Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Li-Fei Gu
- Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Jin Qi
- Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Bo-Yang Yu
- Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Barakat M, DiPietro LA, Chen L. Limited Treatment Options for Diabetic Wounds: Barriers to Clinical Translation Despite Therapeutic Success in Murine Models. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2021; 10:436-460. [PMID: 33050829 PMCID: PMC8236303 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2020.1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Millions of people worldwide suffer from diabetes mellitus and its complications, including chronic diabetic wounds. To date, there are few widely successful clinical therapies specific to diabetic wounds beyond general wound care, despite the vast number of scientific discoveries in the pathogenesis of defective healing in diabetes. Recent Advances: In recent years, murine animal models of diabetes have enabled the investigation of many possible therapeutics for diabetic wound care. These include specific cell types, growth factors, cytokines, peptides, small molecules, plant extracts, microRNAs, extracellular vesicles, novel wound dressings, mechanical interventions, bioengineered materials, and more. Critical Issues: Despite many research discoveries, few have been translated from their success in murine models to clinical use in humans. This massive gap between bench discovery and bedside application begs the simple and critical question: what is still missing? The complexity and multiplicity of the diabetic wound makes it an immensely challenging therapeutic target, and this lopsided progress highlights the need for new methods to overcome the bench-to-bedside barrier. How can laboratory discoveries in animal models be effectively translated to novel clinical therapies for human patients? Future Directions: As research continues to decipher deficient healing in diabetes, new approaches and considerations are required to ensure that these discoveries can become translational, clinically usable therapies. Clinical progress requires the development of new, more accurate models of the human disease state, multifaceted investigations that address multiple critical components in wound repair, and more innovative research strategies that harness both the existing knowledge and the potential of new advances across disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Barakat
- Center for Wound Repair and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Luisa A. DiPietro
- Center for Wound Repair and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lin Chen
- Center for Wound Repair and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Shafiee S, Heidarpour M, Sabbagh S, Amini E, Saffari H, Dolati S, Meamar R. Stem cell transplantation therapy for diabetic foot ulcer: a narrative review. ASIAN BIOMED 2021; 15:3-18. [PMID: 37551298 PMCID: PMC10388749 DOI: 10.2478/abm-2021-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease associated with high cardiovascular risk. A vascular complication of diabetes is foot ulcers. Diabetic foot ulcers are prevalent and substantially reduce the quality of life of patients who have them. Currently, diabetic foot ulcer is a major problem for wound care specialists, and its treatment requires considerable health care resources. So far, various therapeutic modalities have been proposed to treat diabetic foot ulcers and one of them is stem cell-based therapy. Stem cell-based therapy has shown great promise for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. This strategy has been shown to be safe and effective in both preclinical and clinical trials. In this review, we provide an overview of the stem cell types and possible beneficial effects of stem cell transplantation therapy for diabetic foot ulcers, and an overview of the current status of stem cell research in both preclinical and clinical trial stages of treatment strategies for diabetic foot ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Shafiee
- Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan81746-73461, Iran
- Clinical Development Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Isfahan81737-35131, Iran
| | - Maryam Heidarpour
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan81737-35131, Iran
| | - Sima Sabbagh
- Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan81746-73461, Iran
- Clinical Development Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Isfahan81737-35131, Iran
| | - Elham Amini
- Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan81746-73461, Iran
- Clinical Development Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Isfahan81737-35131, Iran
| | - Hanieh Saffari
- Clinical Development Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Isfahan81737-35131, Iran
| | - Sara Dolati
- Clinical Development Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Isfahan81737-35131, Iran
| | - Rokhsareh Meamar
- Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan81746-73461, Iran
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Bu L, Dai O, Zhou F, Liu F, Chen JF, Peng C, Xiong L. Traditional Chinese medicine formulas, extracts, and compounds promote angiogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110855. [PMID: 33059257 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic diseases, such as ischemic heart diseases and ischemic stroke, are the leading cause of death worldwide. Angiogenic therapy is a wide-ranging approach to fighting ischemic diseases. However, compared with anti-angiogenesis therapy for tumors, less attention has been paid to therapeutic angiogenesis. Recently, Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has garnered increasing interest for its definite curative effect and low toxicity. A growing number of studies have reported that TCM formulas, extracts, and compounds from herbal medicines exert pro-angiogenic activity, which has been confirmed in a few clinical trials. For comprehensive analysis of relevant literature, global and local databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched using keywords such as "angiogenesis," "neovascularization," "traditional Chinese medicine," "formula," "extract," and "compound." Articles were chosen that are closely and directly related to pro-angiogenesis. This review summarizes the pro-angiogenic activity and the mechanism of TCM formulas, extracts, and compounds; it delivers an in-depth understanding of the relationship between TCM and pro-angiogenesis and will provide new ideas for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Bu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ou Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jin-Feng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Liang Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Innovative Medicine Ingredients of Southwest Specialty Medicinal Materials, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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12
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Chou HY, Weng CC, Lai JY, Lin SY, Tsai HC. Design of an Interpenetrating Polymeric Network Hydrogel Made of Calcium-Alginate from a Thermos-Sensitive Pluronic Template as a Thermal-Ionic Reversible Wound Dressing. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2138. [PMID: 32962070 PMCID: PMC7570184 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer-based hydrogels demonstrate superior performance when used as wound dressing. An ideal dressing should possess an active healing function, absorb wound exudates, and provide a moist interface on the wound for rapid injury repair and the prevention of pain and injury during replacement of the dressing. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a novel, reversible, smart, interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) by utilizing the thermosensitive network of pluronic F127 (PF127) as a template to regulate the conformation of calcium-ion-crosslinked alginate. We found that the IPN hydrogels formed soft and elastic thermosensitive networks, retaining their form even after absorbing a large amount of wound exudate. The exterior of the hydrogels was made up of a rigid calcium alginate network that supported the entire hydrogel, promoting the stability of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) payload and controlling its release when the hydrogel was applied topically to wounds. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the layered structure of the hydrogel, which was found to easily disintegrate even after moderate rinsing of the wound with cold phosphate-buffered saline. Taken together, these results show that the IPN hydrogel developed in this study could be a promising delivery platform for growth factors to accelerate wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ying Chou
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (C.-C.W.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Chang-Chih Weng
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (C.-C.W.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Juin-Yih Lai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (C.-C.W.); (J.-Y.L.)
- Advanced Membrane Materials Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Shuian-Yin Lin
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Center, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 310, Taiwan
| | - Hsieh-Chih Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (C.-C.W.); (J.-Y.L.)
- Advanced Membrane Materials Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
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13
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Vo TS. Natural products targeting FcεRI receptor for anti-allergic therapeutics. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13335. [PMID: 32588463 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells and basophils are important contributors for development of allergic reactions. The activation of these cells via cross-linking of IgE bound to FcεRI by allergen causes the generation of allergic mediators and the reaction of immediate hypersensitivity. Obviously, FcεRI is considered as a key trigger of acute allergic responses. Consequently, FcεRI is regarded as a potential target for downregulation of allergic diseases. So far, numerous synthetic agents have been reported for inhibition of FcεRI expression and FcεRI-IgE interaction. Meanwhile, natural products have received much attention due to their efficacy and safety. Recently, numerous anti-allergic agents from natural products have been revealed as promising inhibitors of allergic reactions via inhibiting the expression of FcεRI subunits as well as blocking FcεRI activation. Thus, the present contribution is mainly focused to describe natural products targeting FcεRI receptor and to emphasize their applicable potential as anti-allergic foods. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Phlorotannins, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, peptides, chitooligosaccharides, and other natural products have been revealed as potential inhibitors of allergic responses. These bioactive agents target to FcεRI receptor by inhibiting expression of FcεRI and blocking interaction of FcεRI-IgE. Hence, these compounds could be applied as functional ingredients of anti-allergic foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Sang Vo
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Thu Dau Mot University, Thu Dau Mot City, Vietnam
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14
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Soliman AM, Teoh SL, Ghafar NA, Das S. Molecular Concept of Diabetic Wound Healing: Effective Role of Herbal Remedies. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:381-394. [PMID: 30360709 DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666181025155204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is on the rise, worldwide. One of the main complications in DM is delayed wound healing and it often requires amputation. Various drugs were used to treat DM but they presented with adverse effects. Often, patients failed to comply with such treatment. This opened the door for complementary and alternative medicine. In the present review, we explored the molecular concept of wound healing occurring in different stages with special emphasis to DM. We also highlighted the potential herbal products such as NF3 (Chinese 2-Herb Formula), Zicao, Jing Wan Hong ointment, Aleo vera, mixture of Adiantum capillus-veneris, Commiphora molmol, Aloe vera, and henna, Phenol-rich compound sweet gel, Jinchuang ointment, San-huang-sheng-fu (S) oil, Yi Bu A Jie extract, Astragali Radix (AR) and Rehmanniae Radix (RR), Yiqi Huayu, Tangzu yuyang ointment, Shengji Huayu recipe, Angelica sinensis, Lithospermun erythrorhison, Hippophae rhamnoides L., Curcuma longa and Momordica charantia that could be used effectively to treat DM wounds. Future clinical trials are needed for designing potential drugs which may be effective in treating DM wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro Mohamed Soliman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, 18th Floor, Pre-Clinical Block, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, 18th Floor, Pre-Clinical Block, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norzana Abd Ghafar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, 18th Floor, Pre-Clinical Block, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, 18th Floor, Pre-Clinical Block, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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15
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Gong PY, Tian YS, Guo YJ, Gu LF, Li JY, Qi J, Yu BY. Comparisons of antithrombosis, hematopoietic effects and chemical profiles of dried and rice wine-processed Rehmanniae Radix extracts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:394-402. [PMID: 30359761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Rehmanniae Radix (RR, derived from the root of Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC.) is commonly used as natural medicine for thousands of years, two types including the dried and rice-wine processed RR were used for different clinical purposes respectively, which were the typical case that pharmaceutical effect changed by processing in TCM. AIM OF STUDY The goal of this study was to investigate the differences in the antithrombosis and hematopoietic effects of extracts of dried and processed RR (DRR and PRR) in vivo, and to explore the chemical basis underlying changes of medicinal properties caused by processing. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aqueous extracts of DRR and PRR were prepared. Protective effect of varying doses of different extracts were investigated in type-I carrageenan induced mice tail thrombosis and cyclophosphamide induced myelosuppression model. The chemical composition of DRR and PRR extracts were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with tandem quadrupole time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry (HPLC/Q-TOF-MS). RESULTS In antithrombosis activity tests, PRR possessed less ameliorated effects than DRR in the model mouse on body temperature, tail thrombus length and blood flow. Both DRR and PRR had no significant influence on prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), only high dose DRR could decrease the content of fibrinogen (FIB) in plasma. Histological examination of lung tissue suggested that thrombosis was significantly improved in DRR-H group. For myelosuppression model, only PRR could improve peripheral hemogram, both DRR and PRR had hematopoietic effects as demonstrated by their abilities to ameliorate the bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNC) and pathology of bone marrow tissue. The hematopoietic effects of PRR were significantly more potent than that of DRR at the concentration of 9 g/kg. By comparing the chemical composition, we found that iridoid glycosides were decreased and furfural derivatives increased in DRR after processing which may be the chemical mechanism contribute to the differences in efficacy. CONCLUSIONS According to the results of this research, processing with rice wine for nine cycles significantly reduced antithrombotic effects and enhanced the hematopoietic effects of DRR as demonstrated in model mice. It can scientifically explain the different effect among two types of RR in clinical through the diverse method of processing and usage. Meanwhile, the predicted activity compounds from two types of RR can be potential candidates for the treatment of thrombosis and anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu-Yang Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Yu-Shan Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Yu-Jie Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Li-Fei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Jun-Yi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Jin Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Bo-Yang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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16
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Patel S, Srivastava S, Singh MR, Singh D. Mechanistic insight into diabetic wounds: Pathogenesis, molecular targets and treatment strategies to pace wound healing. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108615. [PMID: 30784919 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound management in diabetic patient is of an extreme clinical and social concern. The delayed and impaired healing makes it more critical for research focus. The research on impaired healing process is proceeding hastily evident by new therapeutic approaches other than conventional such as single growth factor, dual growth factor, skin substitutes, cytokine stimulators, cytokine inhibitors, matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, gene and stem cell therapy, extracellular matrix and angiogenesis stimulators. Although numerous studies are available that support delayed wound healing in diabetes but detailed mechanistic insight including factors involved and their role still needs to be revealed. This review mainly focuses on the molecular cascades of cytokines (with growth factors) and erstwhile factors responsible for delayed wound healing, molecular targets and recent advancements in complete healing and its cure. Present article briefed recent pioneering information on possible molecular targets and treatment strategies including clinical trials to clinicians and researchers working in similar area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Patel
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, 492010, Raipur, C.G., India
| | - Shikha Srivastava
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, 492010, Raipur, C.G., India
| | - Manju Rawat Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, 492010, Raipur, C.G., India
| | - Deependra Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, 492010, Raipur, C.G., India.
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17
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López-Goerne T, Ramírez P, Alvarez D, Rodríguez-Reinoso F, Silvestre-Albero AM, Gómez E, Rodríguez-Castellon E. Physicochemical properties and in vivo evaluation of Pt/TiO 2-SiO 2 nanopowders. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:2171-2185. [PMID: 30277422 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Sol-gel is a suitable and advantageous method to synthesize mixed oxide nanomaterials with unique physicochemical and biological properties. MATERIALS & METHODS In this work, TiO2-SiO2 nanopowders cogeled with platinum acetylacetonate were developed and studied in the perspective of nanomedicine. The physicochemical properties of the Pt/TiO2-SiO2 nanopowders, named NanoRa2-Pt, were evaluated in detail by means of complementary spectroscopic and microscopic tools. The nanopowder's biocatalytic efficiency in wound healing was evaluated in a Type I diabetes animal model. RESULTS These are TiO2-SiO2 submicron mesoporous particles with variable size and shape containing ultra-small platinum nanoparticles with catalytic properties. CONCLUSION The use of NanoRa2-Pt catalyzes the natural healing processes with a faster remodeling stage. These sols, which we call nanobiocatalysts, belong to an emerging and very promising research field known as catalytic nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessy López-Goerne
- Nanotechnology & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Villa Quietud, Coyoacán, 04960 Mexico City, Mexico.,Institute of Physics, UNAM, Circuito de la Investigación Científica Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paola Ramírez
- Nanotechnology & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Villa Quietud, Coyoacán, 04960 Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorios de Nanomedicina y Nanotecnología. Nano Tutt S.A. de C.V. México City, México
| | - Daniel Alvarez
- Nanotechnology & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Villa Quietud, Coyoacán, 04960 Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorios de Nanomedicina y Nanotecnología. Nano Tutt S.A. de C.V. México City, México
| | - Francisco Rodríguez-Reinoso
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Ana M Silvestre-Albero
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Esteban Gómez
- AG Nano Optik, Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Enrique Rodríguez-Castellon
- Universidad de Málaga, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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18
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Nazarian-Samani Z, Sewell RDE, Lorigooini Z, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Medicinal Plants with Multiple Effects on Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications: a Systematic Review. Curr Diab Rep 2018; 18:72. [PMID: 30105479 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-018-1042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This systematic review describes evidence concerning medicinal plants that, in addition to exerting hypoglycemic effects, decrease accompanying complications such as nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, hypertension, and/or hyperlipidemia among individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). RECENT FINDINGS Studies on the antidiabetic mechanisms of medicinal plants have shown that most of them produce hypoglycemic activity by stimulating insulin secretion, augmenting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), inhibiting α-amylase or α-glucosidase, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion, advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation, free radical scavenging plus antioxidant activity (against reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (ROS/RNS)), up-regulating or elevating translocation of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4), and preventing development of insulin resistance. Not only are medicinal plants effective in DM, but many of them also possess a variety of effects on other disease states, including the complications of DM. Such plants may be appropriate alternatives or adjuncts to available antidiabetic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Nazarian-Samani
- Basic Science Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Robert D E Sewell
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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19
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Notoginseng Radix and Rehmanniae Radix Preparata Extract Combination (YH23537) Reduces Pain and Cartilage Degeneration in Rats with Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis. J Med Food 2018; 21:745-754. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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20
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Li W, Wu H, Gao C, Yang D, Yang D, Shen J. Radix Rehmanniae Extract Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Suppressing Macrophage-Derived Nitrative Damage. Front Physiol 2018; 9:864. [PMID: 30079025 PMCID: PMC6062770 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease in central nervous system (CNS) without effective treatment or medication yet. With high prevalence of MS patients worldwide and poor therapeutic outcome, seeking novel therapeutic strategy for MS is timely important. Radix Rehmanniae (RR), a typical Chinese Medicinal herb, has been used for neuroinflammatory diseases in Traditional Chinese Medicine for centuries. However, scientific evidence and underlying mechanisms of RR for MS are unclear. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that RR could attenuate the progress and severity of MS via suppressing macrophage-derived nitrative damage and inflammation by using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model for mimicking MS pathology. The results showed the RR treatment effectively ameliorated clinical disease severity, inhibited inflammation/demyelination in spinal cord, and alleviated CNS infiltration of encephalitogenic T cells and activated macrophages. Meanwhile, RR possessed bioactivities of scavenging ONOO- and reducing the expression of iNOS and NADPH oxidases in the spinal cords of the EAE mice. Furthermore, RR treatment suppressed nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in the splenocytes of EAE mice. The in vitro experiments on macrophages and neuronal cells exerted consistent results with the in vivo animal experiments. Taken together, we conclude that Radix Rehmanniae extract has therapeutic values for ameliorating EAE/MS pathological process and disease severity and its underlying mechanisms are associated with anti-inflammation and inhibiting macrophage-derived nitrative damages. Further study could yield novel promising therapeutic agent for multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Li
- LKS Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hao Wu
- LKS Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chong Gao
- LKS Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Depo Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- LKS Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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21
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Chiu CY, Hsu WH, Liu HK, Liu SH, Lin YL. Prepared Rehmanniae Radix oligosaccharide regulates postprandial and diabetic blood glucose in mice. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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22
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Kulprachakarn K, Ounjaijean S, Wungrath J, Mani R, Rerkasem K. Micronutrients and Natural Compounds Status and Their Effects on Wound Healing in the Diabetic Foot Ulcer. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2017; 16:244-250. [DOI: 10.1177/1534734617737659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is an invariably common complication of diabetes mellitus, it is also a significant cause of amputation as well as extended hospitalization. As most patients with DFU suffer from malnutrition, which has been related to improper metabolic micronutrients status, alterations can affect impaired wound healing process. Micronutrients and herbal remedies applications present a wide range of health advantages to patients with DFU. The purpose of this review is to provide current evidence on the potential effect of dietary supplementations such as vitamins A, C, D, E, magnesium, zinc, copper, iron, boron, and such naturally occurring compounds as Aloe vera, Naringin, and Radix Astragali (RA) and Radix Rehmanniae (RR) in the administration of lower extremity wounds, especially in DFU, and to present some insights for applications in the treatment of DFU patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Kulprachakarn
- NCD Center of Excellence, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sakaewan Ounjaijean
- Nutrition Research Unit, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jukkrit Wungrath
- Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Raj Mani
- NCD Center and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Jiao Tong School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kittipan Rerkasem
- NCD Center of Excellence, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- NCD Center and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone Induces Apoptosis of Multiple Myeloma Cells by Regulating the MAPK Activation Pathway. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071157. [PMID: 28696369 PMCID: PMC6152349 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone (DHAP) is an active compound obtained from Radix rehmanniae preparata, which is widely used as a herbal medicine in many Asian countries. DHAP has been found to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-anxiety, and neuroprotective qualities. For the present study, we evaluated the anti-cancer effects of DHAP on multiple myeloma cells. It was discovered that DHAP downregulated the expression of oncogenic gene products like Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, Mcl-1, Survivin, Cyclin D1, IAP-1, Cyclin E, COX-2, and MMP-9, and upregulated the expression of Bax and p21 proteins, consistent with the induction of G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in U266 cells. DHAP inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis, as characterized by the cleavage of PARP and the activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways have been linked to the modulation of the angiogenesis, proliferation, metastasis, and invasion of tumors. We therefore attempted to determine the effect of DHAP on MAPK signaling pathways, and discovered that DHAP treatment induced a sustained activation of JNK, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPKs. DHAP also potentiated the pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects of bortezomib in U266 cells. Our results suggest that DHAP can be an effective therapeutic agent to target multiple myeloma.
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Xu X, Tan Y, Jiang G, Chen X, Lai R, Zhang L, Liang G. Effects of Bushen Tianjing Recipe in a rat model of tripterygium glycoside-induced premature ovarian failure. Chin Med 2017; 12:10. [PMID: 28439292 PMCID: PMC5402324 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-017-0131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bushen Tianjing Recipe (BTR) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has been prescribed for premature ovarian failure (POF) for decades in China. Nevertheless, little is known regarding its underlying molecular mechanism. In the present study, we investigated the effects of BTR in a tripterygium glycoside (TG)-induced-POF rat model. Methods Three doses of BTR were administered via intragastric gavage to adult female Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats with TG-induced POF. After 15 days of treatment, the estrous cycle was examined by vaginal smear analysis. Serum levels of estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, progesterone, and testosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay. Histological analysis and assessment of apoptosis were performed after hematoxylin and eosin staining of ovarian tissue sections. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2, and pro-apoptotic factors Bax and caspase 3 in ovaries of animals was examined by an immunohistochemistry process. Results BTR not only reverted an abnormal estrous cycle and decreased the ovary index in POF rats but also improved the abnormal secretion of reproductive hormones associated with POF. In addition, treatment with BTR can protect ovaries from TG-induced damage, induce intraovarian expression of VEGF and VEGFR2, and regulate intraovarian expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Conclusions Our results show that BTR is effective in the treatment of TG-induced POF rats. Promotion of angiogenesis and anti-apoptosis are most likely to contribute to the effects of BTR against POF. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13020-017-0131-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 18 Yangsu Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215009 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Yong Tan
- Department of Gynecology, The No.1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Xianlin University City, Nanjing, 210046 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Guorong Jiang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 18 Yangsu Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215009 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xuanyi Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 18 Yangsu Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215009 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Rensheng Lai
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.155 Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Lurong Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 18 Yangsu Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215009 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Guoqiang Liang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 18 Yangsu Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215009 Jiangsu Province China
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Zhou J, Ni M, Liu X, Ren Z, Zheng Z. Curcumol Promotes Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-Mediated Diabetic Wound Healing in Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemic Rats. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:555-562. [PMID: 28138126 PMCID: PMC5297326 DOI: 10.12659/msm.902859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wound healing in chronic diabetic mellitus is mainly associated with the management of angiogenesis. The angiogenic mechanism of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been widely studied in the context of diabetic ulcers. The aim of this study was to investigate the wound-healing potential of curcumol in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty male SD (Sprague Dawley) rats were purchased and randomly assigned into four groups: a control group and a model group treated with blank ointment, a high-dose curcumol group, and a low-dose curcumol group. The number of animals in each group was 15. Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Two cutaneous wounds were incised at the dorsal region of all the experimental animals. Wound healing was assessed for all animal groups by observing the rate of wound closure. The expression of VEGF at the wound sites was studied by immunohistochemical staining to evaluate the vascular endothelial cell reaction. VEGF protein and related mRNA levels were analyzed by Western blotting and RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction). RESULTS Curcumol treatment significantly increased the rates of wound closure in treated animals, and hence wound healing was drastically enhanced for treatment groups compared to control groups. Histological observations and related mRNA and protein levels showed a higher VEGF expression in the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses clearly suggested that the observed enhancement in wound healing as a result of curcumol administration was attributable to VEGF-mediated angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Development and Research Center of Official Silkworm Resources, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Maowei Ni
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xia Liu
- Development and Research Center of Official Silkworm Resources, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zeming Ren
- Development and Research Center of Official Silkworm Resources, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguo Zheng
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Diabetic Osteoporosis: A Review of Its Traditional Chinese Medicinal Use and Clinical and Preclinical Research. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:3218313. [PMID: 27698674 PMCID: PMC5028800 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3218313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim. The incidence of diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is increasing due to lack of effective management over the past few decades. This review aims to summarize traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) suitability in the pathogenesis and clinical and preclinical management of DOP. Methods. Literature sources used were from Medline (Pubmed), CNKI (China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database), and CSTJ (China Science and Technology Journal Database) online databases. For the consultation, keywords such as diabetic osteoporosis (DOP), TCM, clinical study, animal experiment, toxicity, and research progress were used in various combinations. Around 100 research papers and reviews were visited. Results. Liver-spleen-kidney insufficiency may result in development of DOP. 18 clinical trials are identified to use TCM compound prescriptions for management of patients with DOP. TCM herbs and their active ingredients are effective in preventing the development of DOP in streptozotocin (STZ) and alloxan as well as STZ combined with ovariectomy insulted rats. Among them, most frequently used TCM herbs in clinical trials are Radix Astragali, Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, and Herba Epimedii. Some of TCM herbs also exhibit toxicities in clinical and preclinical research. Conclusions. TCM herbs may act as the novel sources of anti-DOP drugs by improving bone and glucolipid metabolisms. However, the pathogenesis of DOP and the material base of TCM herbs still merit further study.
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Tsai HC, Li YC, Young TH, Chen MH. Citrus polyphenol for oral wound healing in oral ulcers and periodontal diseases. J Formos Med Assoc 2016; 115:100-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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LEE DONGSUNG, KIM KYOUNGSU, KO WONMIN, BAE GISANG, PARK SUNGJOO, JANG JUNHYEOG, OH HYUNCHEOL, KIM YOUNCHUL. A fraction from Dojuksan 30% ethanol extract exerts its anti-inflammatory effects through Nrf2-dependent heme oxygenase-1 expression. Int J Mol Med 2015; 37:475-84. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Liu YM, Zhu LL, Li R, Zhang JL, Yao SS, Zhou XB, Zeng H, Wang XB. Xijiao Dihuang Decoction () and Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. protect mice against lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced acute liver failure. Chin J Integr Med 2015; 25:446-453. [PMID: 26016454 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2141-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of Xijiao Dihuang Decoction (, XJDHD) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced acute liver failure (ALF) as well as the underlying mechanism of action, and to clarify the key herbs and components of XJDHD. METHODS LPS/D-galactosamine (D-GalN) or TNF-α/D-GalN were intraperitoneally injected into C57BL/6J mice to induce ALF. Simultaneously, XJDHD or its individual herbs and components were orally administered. Survival rates, transaminase levels in serum, and hepatic histology were examined to evaluate the effects of XJDHD. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction were additionally performed to expound the mechanism underlying the anti-apoptotic activity of XJDHD. RESULTS Oral administration of XJDHD protected mice from lethal liver failure induced by LPS and TNF-α, with notable amelioration of liver injury in histology and a significant decrease in transaminase levels in serum. XJDHD significantly inhibited apoptosis of hepatocytes and enhanced expression of the antiapoptosis genes, c-Flip, Iap1, Gadd45b and A20. In addition, Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. was identified as the key herb of XJDHD and galactose as the effective component of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. that protects against ALF. CONCLUSIONS XJDHD inhibits TNF-α-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes by promoting the expression of nuclear factor κ B-regulated anti-apoptotic genes. Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. is the effective herb of XJDHD and galactose is an active component in this protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Min Liu
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Liu-Luan Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Rui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Jin-Liang Zhang
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Shan-Shan Yao
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhou
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China.
| | - Xian-Bo Wang
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China.
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Systems Pharmacology Dissecting Holistic Medicine for Treatment of Complex Diseases: An Example Using Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases Treated by TCM. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:980190. [PMID: 26101539 PMCID: PMC4460250 DOI: 10.1155/2015/980190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Holistic medicine is an interdisciplinary field of study that integrates all types of biological information (protein, small molecules, tissues, organs, external environmental signals, etc.) to lead to predictive and actionable models for health care and disease treatment. Despite the global and integrative character of this discipline, a comprehensive picture of holistic medicine for the treatment of complex diseases is still lacking. In this study, we develop a novel systems pharmacology approach to dissect holistic medicine in treating cardiocerebrovascular diseases (CCDs) by TCM (traditional Chinese medicine). Firstly, by applying the TCM active ingredients screened out by a systems-ADME process, we explored and experimentalized the signed drug-target interactions for revealing the pharmacological actions of drugs at a molecule level. Then, at a/an tissue/organ level, the drug therapeutic mechanisms were further investigated by a target-organ location method. Finally, a translational integrating pathway approach was applied to extract the diseases-therapeutic modules for understanding the complex disease and its therapy at systems level. For the first time, the feature of the drug-target-pathway-organ-cooperations for treatment of multiple organ diseases in holistic medicine was revealed, facilitating the development of novel treatment paradigm for complex diseases in the future.
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Kang KH, Lee KH, Yoon HM, Jang KJ, Song C, Kim CH. Rehmannia Glutinosa Pharmacopuncture Solution Regulates Functional Activation, FcεRI Expression, and Signaling Events in Mast Cells. J Pharmacopuncture 2015; 15:32-41. [PMID: 25780652 PMCID: PMC4331951 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2012.15.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Rehmannia glutinosa pharmacopuncture solution (RGPS) was investigated to determine both its anti-allergic inflammatory effects on mast cells and its detailed mechanism of actions. Methods: We investigated whether RGPS suppress cytokines, enzymes, FcεRI expression and FcεRImediated signaling in RBL-2H3 cells stimulated with anti-DNP IgE/DNP-HSA. The suppressive effects of RGPS on the levels of cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6 and GM-CSF were measured using emzyme-linked immunospecific assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression levels of cytokines, enzymes (HDC2, COX-1, COX-2 and 5LO) and FcεRI αβγsubunits were measured using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) method. The activation of FcεRI-mediated signaling was examined using Western blot analyses. Results: RGPS suppressed production of proinflamm-atory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and GM-CSF) in stimulated RBL-2H3 cells significantly (p< 0.05). RGPS also suppressed mRNA expression of inflammatory enzymes (HDC2, COX-1, COX-2, 5LO). In addition, mRNA expression levels of FcεRIα, FcεRIβand FcεRIγ were lowered by treatment with RGPS. Finally, RGPS prevented phosphrylation of Lyn, Syk, LAT, Gab2, PLC γ1/2, PI3K, Akt, cPLA2 and IκBα Conclusions: RGPS effectively suppresses mast cell activations such as degranulation and inflammatory response via down-regulation of the FcεRI-mediated signaling pathways in IgE/Ag-stimulated mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hwa Kang
- Department of Oriental Physiology, Dong-Eui University College of Oriental Medicine and Research Institute of Oriental Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Lee
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Dong-Eui University College of Oriental Medicine and Research Institute of Oriental Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun-Min Yoon
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Dong-Eui University College of Oriental Medicine and Research Institute of Oriental Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jeon Jang
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Dong-Eui University College of Oriental Medicine and Research Institute of Oriental Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Chun- Song
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Dong-Eui University College of Oriental Medicine and Research Institute of Oriental Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Cheol-Hong Kim
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Dong-Eui University College of Oriental Medicine and Research Institute of Oriental Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Liang W, Yew DT, Hon KL, Wong CK, Kwok TCY, Leung PC. Indispensable value of clinical trials in the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine: 12 years' experience at CUHK and future perspectives. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 42:587-604. [PMID: 24871653 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has seen a wealth of information reporting the beneficial effects of Chinese herbal medicines. While a lot more studies were done using in vitro and in vivo research platforms, much fewer investigations were conducted according to evidence-based requirements in clinical settings. The Institute of Chinese Medicine at the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) has had the opportunity to collaborate with clinicians over the years to initiate and conduct dozens of clinical trials investigating and verifying the therapeutic values of Chinese herbs in selected disease conditions. Of the many disorders, we chose to focus on those that are known for their difficulties achieving perfect results with conventional treatment methods. Examples include non-healing ulcers, allergic conditions, degenerative diseases and cancer. Protective effects of the herbs in such chronic diseases as coronary artery disease and osteoporosis were also part of our focus. Even in healthy individuals and those recovering from chemotherapy, Chinese herbs could help with the immune system and were studied in our clinical trials as well. This paper aims to highlight the important findings from these clinical studies while at the same time, stressing the indispensable value of clinical trials in modernizing the use of Chinese herbs in present-day medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willmann Liang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Romero-Cerecero O, Zamilpa A, Díaz-García ER, Tortoriello J. Pharmacological effect of Ageratina pichinchensis on wound healing in diabetic rats and genotoxicity evaluation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 156:222-227. [PMID: 25218321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Among the main causes affecting the wound healing process, we find diabetes mellitus, which is due to the occurrence of a prolonged inflammation phase, defects in angiogenesis, and a diminution in fibroblast proliferation. The species Ageratina pichinchensis has been utilized in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of skin wounds. Pharmacological models have demonstrated that an extract obtained from this species improves wound healing and, through a clinical study, it was evidenced that the extract (in a pharmaceutical form) is effective in the treatment of patients with chronic venous ulcers. The 7-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-galactin compound was recently identified as responsible for the pharmacological activity. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the wound healing activity of an aqueous extract and another hexane-ethyl acetate extract from Ageratina pichinchensis (both standardized in the active compound) in a diabetic foot ulcer rat model, as well as evaluating the possible genotoxic effects produced by the same species. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were submitted (under anesthesia with pentobarbital) to a circular lesion on the skin (excisional) on the rear of the paw. All animals were topically treated daily until healing. 5-methyl-1 phenyl-2-(1H) Pyridone was used as a positive control treatment. Once the wound was healed, a skin sample was obtained and utilized for histopathological analysis. The possible genotoxic effects produced by the extract, in a model of spermatozoid viability and morphology, were evaluated. RESULTS The results showed that 100% of animals treated with Ageratina pichinchensis extracts presented wound healing between days 4 and 11 of treatment, while in the positive control group (treated with 5-methyl-1 phenyl-2-(1H) pyridone) and in the negative control group (vehicle), only 70% and 40%, respectively, exhibited wound healing at day 11. Histological analysis demonstrated evidences of an active regenerative process in animals that received the extracts, in addition to that in the study, the effects of the plant extracts that could be compatible with genotoxicity were not observed. CONCLUSIONS Aqueous and hexane-ethyl acetate extracts of the aerial parts of Ageratina pichinchensis (standardized in its content of 7-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-galactin), consistently improve wound healing induced on the skin of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The capacity was evidenced of the extracts to promote histological tissue regeneration, without exhibiting genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofelia Romero-Cerecero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina 1, 62790 Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina 1, 62790 Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Edgar Rolando Díaz-García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina 1, 62790 Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jaime Tortoriello
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina 1, 62790 Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico
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Tam JCW, Ko CH, Zhang C, Wang H, Lau CP, Chan WY, Leung PC, Fung KP, Zhang JF, Lau CBS. Comprehensive proteomic analysis of a Chinese 2-herb formula (Astragali Radix and Rehmanniae Radix) on mature endothelial cells. Proteomics 2014; 14:2089-103. [PMID: 25044676 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells are crucially involved in wound healing angiogenesis, restoring blood flow to wound tissues. Our previous study demonstrated that the Chinese 2-herb formula (NF3) possesses significant wound healing effect in diabetic foot ulcer rats with promising in vitro proangiogenic effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Here, we present the comparative global proteome analysis of NF3-treated HUVEC in static or scratch conditions, screening the comprehensive molecular targets in governing the proangiogenic response in wound healing. Our results suggest plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, specifically down-regulated in static condition and Annexin A1 and Annexin A2, up-regulated in scratch condition, as principal proteins responsible for the proangiogenesis in wound healing. We also identified a panel of cytoskeleton regulatory proteins in static and scratch condition, mediating the migratory behavior of NF3-treated HUVEC. The key proteins in static state include myosin regulatory light polypeptide 9, SPAST, tropomyosin (TPM)2, and Vimentin while that in scratch state contained prelamin-A/C, TPM1, TPM2, and Vimentin. In addition, NF3 was shown to regulate transcription and translation, cell-cell interaction, and ROS defense in HUVEC. Proliferation and migration assays further confirmed the identified principal proteins plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and Annexin A2 which are responsible for NF3-induced proangiogenesis of HUVEC in wound healing. This is the first study on the global proteome expression of NF3-treated HUVEC with the identification of the differences at the molecular level, between static and scratch conditions involved in wound healing angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Chor Wing Tam
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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Zeng Z, Zhu BH. Arnebin-1 promotes the angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and accelerates the wound healing process in diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 154:653-662. [PMID: 24794013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zicao is a traditional wound healing herbal medicine that has been used for several hundred years in China. A survey of the published literatures revealed that arnebin-1, one of the naphthoquinone derivatives, played the most important role in wound healing property of this plant. However, whether arnebin-1 affects angiogenesis in vitro and has an effect on wound healing process in diabetic rats remains enigmatic. To investigate the effect of arnebin-1 with or without VEGF on proliferation, migration and tube formation of HUVECs in vitro and the effect of its topical application in the form of ointment on wound healing in a cutaneous punch wound model of alloxan-induced diabetic rats in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pro-angiogenic functions of arnebin-1 on HUVECs including proliferation, migration and angiogenesis were evaluated through MTT assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay and tube formation assay in vitro. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with alloxan to induce type І diabetic rats. Three wounds were created in each rat on the dorsal surface, and then divided to be basement treated, arnebin-1 ointment treated and untreated group correspondingly. The indicators including wound closure rate and histological evaluation were investigated on day 4 and 7 post-wounding. RESULTS Without VEGF, arnebin-1 did not affect the proliferation of HUVECs significantly, but had a positive effect on cell migration and tube formation. However, in the presence of minimal VEGF, Arnebin-1 could increase the proliferation, enhance the migration and promote the tube formation of HUVECs significantly. The wound closure rate was increased significantly in arnebin-1 treated group compared to that of untreated and basement treated groups in diabetic rats, and the histological evaluation also showed well organized dermal layer, reduced number of macrophages, increased number of fibroblasts, remarkable degree of neovascularization and epithelization in arnebin-1 treated group. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that arnebin-1 has a pro-angiogenic effect, and a synergetic effect with VEGF promotes the wound healing process in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bang-Hao Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Tam JCW, Ko CH, Lau KM, To MH, Kwok HF, Chan YW, Siu WS, Etienne-Selloum N, Lau CP, Chan WY, Leung PC, Fung KP, Schini-Kerth VB, Lau CBS. A Chinese 2-herb formula (NF3) promotes hindlimb ischemia-induced neovascularization and wound healing of diabetic rats. J Diabetes Complications 2014; 28:436-47. [PMID: 24731763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer is closely associated with peripheral vascular disease. Enhancement of tissue oxidative stress, reduction of nitric oxide (NO) and angiogenic growth factors, and abnormal matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity are pathophysiological factors in post-ischemic neovascularization and diabetic wound healing. Our previous study demonstrated that the Chinese 2-herb formula, NF3, showed significant wound healing effects on diabetic foot ulcer rats. A novel rat diabetic foot ulcer with hindlimb ischemia model was established in order to strengthen our claims on the diabetic wound healing and post-ischemic neovascularization effects of NF3. Our results demonstrate that NF3 can significantly reduce the wound area of the diabetic foot ulcer rat with hindlimb ischemia by 21.6% (p<0.05) compared with the control group. In addition, flow cytometric analysis revealed that NF3 could boost circulating EPC levels for local wound vessel incorporation. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that NF3 could significantly augment blood vessel density, VEGF and eNOS expression, and attenuate tissue oxidative stress of ischemic muscles (p<0.001). NF3 significantly stimulated MMP activity involved in angiogenesis. Our study shows, for the first time, the beneficial effects of NF3 in wound healing and post-ischemic neovascularization in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Chor-Wing Tam
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Hay Ko
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Kit-Man Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ming-Ho To
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Hin-Fai Kwok
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yuet-Wa Chan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Wing-Sum Siu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | | | - Ching-Po Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ping-Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Pui Fung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | | | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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Pan MH, Chiou YS, Tsai ML, Ho CT. Anti-inflammatory activity of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 1:8-24. [PMID: 24716101 PMCID: PMC3943005 DOI: 10.1016/s2225-4110(16)30052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating epidemiological and clinical evidence shows that inflammation is an important risk factor for various human diseases. Thus, suppressing chronic inflammation has the potential to delay, prevent, and control various chronic diseases, including cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, joint, skin, pulmonary, blood, lymph, liver, pancreatic, and intestinal diseases. Various natural products from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have been shown to safely suppress proinflammatory pathways and control inflammation-associated disease. In vivo and/or in vitro studies have demonstrated that anti-inflammatory effects of TCM occur by inhibition of the expression of master transcription factors (for example, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)), pro-inflammatory cytokines (for example, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), chemokines (for example, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)-24), intercellular adhesion molecule expression and pro-inflammatory mediators (for example, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)). However, a handful of review articles have focused on the anti-inflammatory activities of TCM and explore their possible mechanisms of action. In this review, we summarize recent research attempting to identify the anti-inflammatory constituents of TCM and their molecular targets that may create new opportunities for innovation in modern pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hsiung Pan
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shiou Chiou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, USA
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Liu CL, Kwok HF, Cheng L, Ko CH, Wong CW, Ho TWF, Leung PC, Fung KP, Lau CBS. Molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis effect of active sub-fraction from root of Rehmannia glutinosa by zebrafish sprout angiogenesis-guided fractionation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 151:565-75. [PMID: 24247081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE The root of Rehmannia glutinosa (Rehmanniae Radix (RR)) is clinically used as a wound-healing agent in traditional Chinese medicine. Angiogenesis acts crucially in the pathogenesis of chronic wound healing. The present study investigated the angiogenesis effect and its underlying mechanism of RR through zebrafish sprout angiogenesis guided-fractionation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The in vivo angiogenesis effect was studied by analyzing the number of ectopic sprouts formed upon sub-intestinal vessel of transgenic TG(fli1:EGFP)(y1)/+(AB) zebrafish embryos by fluorescence microscopy. Quantitative real-time PCR gene expression of the zebrafish embryos was further performed using a panel of 30 angiogenesis-associated genes designed for zebrafish sprout angiogenesis. Classical in vitro angiogenesis assays using human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) was accompanied. RESULTS We demonstrated that among all RR sub-fractions tested, C1-1 treated-zebrafish embryos possessed the most potent angiogenesis activities (from 190 to 780 ng/ml, p<0.001) in sprout formation in the zebrafish model. Quantitative gene expression of the treated embryos demonstrated significant up-regulation in MMP-9 (p<0.05), ANGPT1 (p<0.05), EGFR (p<0.05), EPHB4 (p<0.01), and significant down-regulation in Ephrin B2 (p<0.05), Flt-1 (p<0.05) and Ets-1 (p<0.05). C1-1 treatment could also significantly (p<0.001-0.05) stimulate HMEC-1 cell migration in scratch assay. Significant increase (p<0.05) in mean tubule length was observed in the C1-1-treated HMEC-1 cells in the tubule formation assay. CONCLUSIONS Our zebrafish sprout angiogenesis model-guided fractionation revealed that C1-1 possessed the most potent angiogenesis effect in RR. The design of the panel with 30 tailor-made angiogenesis-associated genes exhibited in zebrafish gene expression analysis showed that C1-1 could trigger differential expression of various angiogenesis-associated genes, such as VEGFR3 and MMP9, which played key role in angiogenesis. The pro-angiogenic activity of C1-1 was further confirmed in the translated study in motogenic and tubule-inducing effect using HMEC-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk-Lun Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hin-Fai Kwok
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ling Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Hay Ko
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Wai Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tina Wai Fong Ho
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ping-Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Pui Fung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Zhao QS, Xia N, Zhao N, Li M, Bi CL, Zhu Q, Qiao GF, Cheng ZF. Localization of human mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord blood and their role in repair of diabetic foot ulcers in rats. Int J Biol Sci 2013; 10:80-9. [PMID: 24391454 PMCID: PMC3879594 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.7237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the localization of human mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord matrix (hMSCs-UC) and the role of these cells in the repair of foot ulcerate tissue in diabetic foot ulcers in rats. A diabetic rat model was established by administering Streptozotocin. Diabetic foot ulceration was defined as non-healing or delayed-healing of empyrosis on the dorsal hind foot after 14 weeks. hMSCs-UC were delivered through the left femoral artery. We evaluated the localization of hMSCs-UC and their role in tissue repair in diabetic foot ulcers by histological analysis, PCR, and immunohistochemical staining. A model for diabetes was established in 54 out of 60 rats (90% success rate) and 27 of these rats were treated with hMSCs-UC. The area of ulceration was significantly and progressively reduced at 7 and 14 days following treatment with hMSCs-UC. This gross observation was strongly supported by the histological changes, including newly developed blood vessels and proliferation of inflammatory cells at 3 days post-treatment, significant increase in granulation tissue at 7 days post-treatment and squamous epithelium or stratified squamous epithelium at 14 days post-treatment. Importantly, human leukocyte antigen type-I (HLA-1) was confirmed in ulcerated tissue by RT-PCR. The expression of cytokeratin 19 was significantly increased in diabetic model rats, with no detectable change in cytokeratin 10. Additionally, both collagens I and III increased in model rats treated with hMSCs-UC, but the ratio of collagen I/III was less significant in treated rats compared with control rats. These results suggest that hMSCs-UC specifically localize to the target ulcerated tissue and may promote the epithelialization of ulcerated tissue by stimulating the release of cytokeratin 19 from keratinocytes and extracellular matrix formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Song Zhao
- 1. Department of endocrinology and Metabolism, the Fourth affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Nan Xia
- 1. Department of endocrinology and Metabolism, the Fourth affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Nan Zhao
- 1. Department of endocrinology and Metabolism, the Fourth affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Ming Li
- 1. Department of endocrinology and Metabolism, the Fourth affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Chang-Long Bi
- 1. Department of endocrinology and Metabolism, the Fourth affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Qing Zhu
- 1. Department of endocrinology and Metabolism, the Fourth affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Guo-Fen Qiao
- 2. Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University; Harbin, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Cheng
- 1. Department of endocrinology and Metabolism, the Fourth affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
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Sun Y, Wen X, Zhao Y, Shen T, Liu Z, Gao H, Qiu S, Chen Y. Yeast exposure in the preparation of steamed rehmannia root improving its effects on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:514-520. [PMID: 24041459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The root of Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. has been used in China for more than 2000 years to treat various diseases including diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. Steamed rehmannia root (SRR) is one of the mainly used forms. During its preparation, the material has the chance to be exposed to microorganisms, particularly yeast. The aim of this study is to verify the effect of SRR on diabetes complications and the necessity of yeast exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Water extract of SRR was incubated with alcohol yeast to obtain fermented SRR (FSRR). Alloxan-induced diabetic rats were administrated with medicated animal chows for 8 weeks. Urine volume, fasted blood glucose and food intake were monitored, and open field test and tail immersion test were conducted in the last week, plasma and urine samples were subjected to biochemical examinations. RESULTS In DM rats, defecation in open field test was found reduced, and tail flick latency in tail immersion test increased. In the meantime, urinary excretions of Na(+), K(+), aldosterone, albumin and creatinine increased, and plasma concentrations of Na(+), K(+) and creatinine reduced and those of aldosterone, TXB₂/6-Keto-PGF(1α) and urea nitrogen elevated. Most of these indicators were significantly improved by FSRR administration, but the effects of SRR were relatively inferior in several aspects. However, SRR and FSRR could not improve the typical symptoms of DM. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated that both SRR and FSRR have no obvious hypoglycemic effect, but have the potential to prevent the onset and development of diabetes complications, and this function can be improved by yeast exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Sun
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
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Gu XY, Shen SE, Huang CF, Liu YN, Chen YC, Luo L, Zeng Y, Wang AP. Effect of activated autologous monocytes/macrophages on wound healing in a rodent model of experimental diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2013; 102:53-9. [PMID: 24011427 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of activated autologous monocytes/macrophages (Mo/Mp) on wound healing in diabetic rats. METHODS Sixty male SD rats were equally divided into the following: control group (normal, nondiabetic), PBS-treated diabetic group, and tumor necrotic factor alpha (TNF-α) plus interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-stimulated or unstimulated Mo/Mp-treated diabetic group. Full-thickness round wounds (1cm×1cm) were created in the right hind foot of rats and the wounds were treated with PBS or Mo/Mp on day 1 after injury. In the following 14 days, the percentage of wound contraction was measured, histologic examination was performed with hematoxylin and eosin staining, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the wound was evaluated by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Diabetic rats exhibited impaired wound healing with delayed angiogenesis and VEGF expression. The early application of TNF-α plus IFN-γ-stimulated autologous Mo/Mp to diabetic wounds significantly improved the delayed wound healing through the stimulation of angiogenesis and re-epithelization, as well as restoring the defect in VEGF expression. CONCLUSIONS Mo/Mp activated by TNF-α and IFN-γ promotes diabetic wound healing and normalizes the defect in VEGF regulation associated with diabetes-induced skin-repair disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-yan Gu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The 454th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Nanjing 210002, China
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Yang H, Wen Q, Xue J, Ding Y. Alveolar bone regeneration potential of a traditional Chinese medicine, Bu-Shen-Gu-Chi-Wan, in experimental periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:382-9. [PMID: 24033099 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Yang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Sichuan China
- Department of Periodontology; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Sichuan China
| | - Q. Wen
- Department of Periodontology; the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - J. Xue
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Sichuan China
| | - Y. Ding
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Sichuan China
- Department of Periodontology; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Sichuan China
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Immunoenhancement effect of rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide on lymphocyte proliferation and dendritic cell. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 96:516-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Moura LIF, Dias AMA, Carvalho E, de Sousa HC. Recent advances on the development of wound dressings for diabetic foot ulcer treatment--a review. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:7093-114. [PMID: 23542233 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a chronic, non-healing complication of diabetes that lead to high hospital costs and, in extreme cases, to amputation. Diabetic neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, abnormal cellular and cytokine/chemokine activity are among the main factors that hinder diabetic wound repair. DFUs represent a current and important challenge in the development of novel and efficient wound dressings. In general, an ideal wound dressing should provide a moist wound environment, offer protection from secondary infections, remove wound exudate and promote tissue regeneration. However, no existing dressing fulfills all the requirements associated with DFU treatment and the choice of the correct dressing depends on the wound type and stage, injury extension, patient condition and the tissues involved. Currently, there are different types of commercially available wound dressings that can be used for DFU treatment which differ on their application modes, materials, shape and on the methods employed for production. Dressing materials can include natural, modified and synthetic polymers, as well as their mixtures or combinations, processed in the form of films, foams, hydrocolloids and hydrogels. Moreover, wound dressings may be employed as medicated systems, through the delivery of healing enhancers and therapeutic substances (drugs, growth factors, peptides, stem cells and/or other bioactive substances). This work reviews the state of the art and the most recent advances in the development of wound dressings for DFU treatment. Special emphasis is given to systems employing new polymeric biomaterials, and to the latest and innovative therapeutic strategies and delivery approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liane I F Moura
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
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Liu CL, Tam JCW, Sanders AJ, Ko CH, Fung KP, Leung PC, Harding KG, Jiang WG, Lau CBS. Molecular angiogenic events of a two-herb wound healing formula involving MAPK and Akt signaling pathways in human vascular endothelial cells. Wound Repair Regen 2013; 21:579-87. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew J. Sanders
- Metastasis and Angiogenesis Research Group; Cardiff University School of Medicine; Cardiff; United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Keith G. Harding
- Department of Dermatology and Wound Healing; Cardiff University School of Medicine; Cardiff; United Kingdom
| | - Wen G. Jiang
- Metastasis and Angiogenesis Research Group; Cardiff University School of Medicine; Cardiff; United Kingdom
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Hotkar MS, Avachat AM, Bhosale SS, Oswal YM. Preliminary investigation of topical nitroglycerin formulations containing natural wound healing agent in diabetes-induced foot ulcer. Int Wound J 2013; 12:210-7. [PMID: 23731451 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitroglycerin (NTG) is an organic nitrate rapidly denitrated by enzymes to release free radical nitric oxide and shows improved wound healing and tissue protection from oxidative damage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether topical application of NTG in the form of gel/ointment along with a natural wound healing agent, aloe vera, would bring about wound healing by using diabetes-induced foot ulcer model and rat excision wound model. All these formulations were evaluated for pH, viscosity, drug content and ex vivo diffusion studies using rat skin. Based on ex vivo permeation studies, the formulation consisting of carbopol 974p as a gelling agent and aloe vera was found to be suitable. The in vivo study used streptozotocin-induced diabetic foot ulcer and rat excision wound models to analyse wound healing activity. The wound size in animals of all treated groups was significantly reduced compared with that of the diabetic control and marketed treated animals. This study showed that the gel formed with carbopol 974p (1%) and aloe vera promotes significant wound healing and closure in diabetic rats compared with the commercial product and provides a promising product to be used in diabetes-induced foot ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh S Hotkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Vadgaon (Bk), India
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Li YC, Chen CR, Young TH. Pearl extract enhances the migratory ability of fibroblasts in a wound healing model. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:289-297. [PMID: 23043617 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.721130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT For 2000 years, traditional Chinese medicine has been used as a remedy for general health improvement, including the fight against aging. Pearl powder has recently been used as a health food that has antioxidant, antiaging, antiradioactive, and tonic activities for cells; it is also applied to cure aphthous ulcer, gastric ulcer, and duodenal ulcer on clinical therapy. In addition, the mother of pearl, nacre, could enhance the cell adhesion and tissue regeneration of skin fibroblasts. OBJECTIVE Fibroblast is regarded as indispensable in the processes of wound healing. Therefore, the effect of pearl extract (PL) on fibroblasts is investigated in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS PL is produced by a room temperature super extraction system (Taiwan patent no. I271 220). DMEM medium containing PL (300 μg/mL) was used to examine the effect of migration-promoting potential on human fibroblast cell line or human primary fibroblast cells in a wound healing model in vitro. RESULTS Medium containing PL (300 μg/mL) demonstrated that the migratory cell numbers of fibroblasts were three times more than that without PL, and mRNA expression of collagen type III was higher than in collagen type I in fibroblasts. It revealed a migration-promoting potential of human fibroblasts in a wound healing model in vitro. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The present study found that the migration-promoting effect in PL, which could be a supplement in cell culture. These data suggest PL could be useful for enhancing the wound healing of fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Liu CL, Cheng L, Ko CH, Wong CW, Cheng WH, Cheung DWS, Leung PC, Fung KP, Bik-San Lau C. Bioassay-guided isolation of anti-inflammatory components from the root of Rehmannia glutinosa and its underlying mechanism via inhibition of iNOS pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 143:867-875. [PMID: 23034094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The root of Rehmannia glutinosa (RR) is commonly used to reduce inflammation in various traditional Chinese herbal formulae; however, little is known regarding its active component(s). AIM OF STUDY The objective of the present study was to examine the active component(s) responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of RR via anti-nitric oxide production assay-guided fractionation; and the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism of action of such component(s) was further investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-nitric oxide (NO) activities with lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophages was used as screening platform. Gene, protein and inflammatory mediators' expression were also studied using real-time PCR, western blotting and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS Using anti-NO assay-guided fractionation, sub-fraction C3 (from 31.25 to 62.5 μg/ml, p=0.001 to 0.01) possessed 100-fold more potent anti-inflammatory effect than that of the aqueous extract of RR. Characterization of C3 showed that the anti-inflammatory effect could be partly due to the presence of rehmapicrogenin, which could significantly inhibit NO production (p<0.001). C3 was further demonstrated in blocking inflammation by inhibiting gene (p<0.001) and protein expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) dose-dependently. Besides, C3 also significantly inhibited the production of prostaglandin E(2) (p<0.001 to 0.01), IL-6 (p<0.001 to 0.05) and COX-2 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Rehmapicrogenin was, for the first time, shown to possess nitric oxide inhibitory activities. Bioassay-guided fractionation demonstrated that rehmapicrogenin-containing subfraction C3 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting iNOS, COX-2 and IL-6, while rehmapicrogenin was only partially responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect of RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk-Lun Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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Leung PC, Pang SY, Wong ELY, Cheng KF. Inflammatory state of type II diabetic patients with chronic ulcers in response to herbal treatment. Foot (Edinb) 2012; 22:181-5. [PMID: 22463944 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type II diabetic patients easily develop ulcers over their feet which heal with great difficulties and not infrequently, end up in amputations. In the quest for innovative means to avoid amputation, herbal medicine has been used in China to heal ulcers. METHOD A randomized placebo controlled clinical trial involving 80 patients was conducted to test whether a herbal formula taken orally could help to preserve the ulcerated leg. Other parameters measured included granulation maturation time, skin temperature and circulation, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). RESULTS showed a 85% limb rescue with the herbal treatment group showing superiority over placebo group. TNF-α decline was observed with gradual ulcer healing and the herbal supplement group showed a more impressive decline (p=0.037).
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Leung
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Lau KM, Lai KK, Liu CL, Tam JCW, To MH, Kwok HF, Lau CP, Ko CH, Leung PC, Fung KP, Poon SKS, Lau CBS. Synergistic interaction between Astragali Radix and Rehmanniae Radix in a Chinese herbal formula to promote diabetic wound healing. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:250-256. [PMID: 22366433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Astragali Radix (AR) and Rehmanniae Radix (RR) are two traditional Chinese medicines widely used in China for treating diabetes mellitus and its complications, such as diabetic foot ulcer. AIM OF STUDY In our previous study, a herbal formula NF3 comprising AR and RR in the ratio of 2:1 was found effective in enhancing diabetic wound healing in rats through the actions of tissue regeneration, angiogenesis promotion and inflammation inhibition. The aims of the present study were to investigate the herb-herb interaction (or the possible synergistic effect) between AR and RR in NF3 to promote diabetic wound healing and to identify the principal herb in the formula by evaluating the potencies of individual AR and RR in different mechanistic studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A chemically induced diabetic foot ulcer rat model was used to examine the wound healing effect of NF3 and its individual herbs AR and RR. For mechanistic studies, murine macrophage cell (RAW 264.7) inflammation, human fibroblast (Hs27) proliferation and human endothelial cell (HMEC-1) migration assays were adopted to investigate the anti-inflammatory, granulation formation and angiogenesis-promoting activities of the herbal extracts, respectively. RESULTS In the foot ulcer animal model, neither AR nor RR at clinical relevant dose (0.98g/kg) promoted diabetic wound healing. However, when they were used in combination as NF3, synergistic interaction was demonstrated, of which NF3 could significantly reduce the wound area of rats when compared to water group (p<0.01). For anti-inflammation and granulation formation, AR was more effective than RR in inhibiting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide production from RAW 264.7 cells and promoting Hs27 fibroblast proliferation. In the aspect of angiogenesis promotion, only NF3 promoted cell migration of HMEC-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS AR plays a preeminent role in the anti-inflammatory and fibroblast-proliferating activities of NF3. The inclusion of RR, however, is crucial for NF3 to exert its overall wound-healing as well as the underlying angiogenesis-promoting effects. The results of present study justified the combined usage of AR and RR in the ratio of 2:1 as NF3 to treat diabetic foot ulcer and illustrated that AR is the principal herb in this herbal formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit-Man Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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