1
|
Nishimura M, Taniguchi S, Tamaoki S, Fujita T. Inhibition of compound action potentials in the frog sciatic nerve by inchinkoto, a traditional Japanese medicine used for oral mucositis. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:420-429. [PMID: 38490561 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the effects of traditional Japanese (Kampo) medicines used to treat oral mucositis on nerve conduction. METHODS The effects of Kampo medicines, crude drugs, and chemical compounds on compound action potentials (CAPs) were analyzed using extracellular recordings in frog sciatic nerves. RESULTS Among the Kampo medicines, inchinkoto demonstrated the most significant reduction in CAP amplitude, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 5.4 mg/mL. Hangeshashinto, shosaikoto, hochuekkito, and juzentaihoto also showed a significant reduction. Regarding inchinkoto, Artemisiae Capillari Spica (artemisia) was the most effective crude drug, with an IC50 of 4.2 mg/mL for CAP amplitude reduction, whereas Gardeniae Fructus (gardenia) exerted no significant effect. However, the combined use of artemisia and gardenia reduced the CAP amplitude more effectively than artemisia alone, indicating a synergistic interaction. The chemical ingredient eugenol from artemisia administered at 1 and 3 mmol/L reduced CAP amplitude, whereas other chemical ingredients administered at 0.1 and 1 mmol/L had no significant effects. CONCLUSIONS Inchinkoto exhibited the most effective reduction in CAP amplitude in the sciatic nerve of frogs, primarily through the action of artemisia, with potential synergistic interaction between artemisia and gardenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Nishimura
- Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan; Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan.
| | - Suguru Taniguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan.
| | - Sachio Tamaoki
- Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan.
| | - Tsugumi Fujita
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zheng B, Song W, Liu C, Kou X, Yu Y, Wang Y, Ma J, Liu Y, Jiang J, Xue Z. Scoparone from Artemisia capillaris Thunb. induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells via activation of both intracellular and extracellular pathways. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-7. [PMID: 38148156 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2298383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Six separated compounds were identified from Artemisia capillaris Thunb., and they were 7-methoxycoumarin (1), 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin (2), 7-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin (3), quercetin (4), chlorogenic acid (5) and caffeic acid (6). Among them, 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin, as known as scoparone, was the most effective on scavenging ABTS free radicals (IC50 = 0.97 μΜ) and was then tested by cytotoxic activity and pro-apoptotic activity against HepG2 cells. Scoparone dose-dependently and time-dependently inhibited the cell proliferation. Furthermore, scoparone induced the expression of Bax, concurrently suppressing the expression of Bcl-2, resulting in a noteworthy elevation in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio to up-regulate Caspase-3 activity, thus inducing cell apoptosis via the intracellular pathway. Meanwhile, scoparone promoted the expression of Fas, FasL, FADD, Caspase-8 and Caspase-3, indicating that scoparone also triggered apoptosis via the extracellular pathway. In a word, scoparone demonstrated remarkable antitumor capability to induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells through both intracellular and extracellular pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weichen Song
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunlong Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Dynamiker Biotechnology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohong Kou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yazhou Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyu Jiang
- Xizang Institute for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Tibetan Medicine, Lhasa, China
| | - Zhaohui Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yamashita H, Nishiyama M, Ohbuchi K, Kanno H, Tsuchiya K, Yamaguchi J, Mizuno T, Ebata T, Nagino M, Yokoyama Y. Predicting Inchinkoto efficacy, in patients with obstructive jaundice associated with malignant tumors, through pharmacomicrobiomics. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:105981. [PMID: 34798264 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inchinkoto (ICKT) is a popular choleretic and hepatoprotective herbal medicine that is widely used in Japan. Geniposide, a major ingredient of ICKT, is metabolized to genipin by gut microbiota, which exerts a choleretic effect. This study investigates the relationship between stool genipin-producing activity and diversity of the clinical effect of ICKT in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice. Fifty-two patients with malignant obstructive jaundice who underwent external biliary drainage were included. ICKT was administered as three packets per day (7.5 g/day) for three days and 2.5 g on the morning of the fourth day. Stool samples were collected before ICKT administration and bile flow was monitored on a daily basis. The microbiome, genipin-producing activity, and organic acids in stools were analyzed. The Shannon-Wiener (SW) index was calculated to evaluate gut microbiome diversity. The stool genipin-producing activity showed a significant positive correlation with the SW index. Stool genipin-producing activity positively correlated with the order Clostridia (obligate anaerobes), but negatively correlated with the order Lactobacillales (facultative anaerobes). Moreover, stool genipin-producing activity was positively correlated to the concentration valeric acid, but negatively correlated to the concentration of lactic acid and succinic acid. The change of bile flow at 2 and 3 days after ICKT administration showed significant positive correlation with genipin-producing activity (correlation coefficient, 0.40 and 0.29, respectively, P < 0.05). An analysis of stool profile, including stool genipin-producing activity, may predict the efficacy of ICKT. Modification of the microbiome may be a target to enhance the therapeutic effect of ICKT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Yamashita
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsue Nishiyama
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ami-machi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ohbuchi
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ami-machi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kanno
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ami-machi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Tsuchiya
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ami-machi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junpei Yamaguchi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Mizuno
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ebata
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masato Nagino
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yokoyama
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Division of Perioperative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao Z, Huang XY, Geng CA, Li TZ, Chen JJ. Artemicapillasins A-N, cytotoxic coumaric acid analogues against hepatic stellate cell LX2 from Artemisia capillaris (Yin-Chen). Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105441. [PMID: 34695731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Under the guidance of bioassay against HSC-LX2, the EtOH extract and the EtOAc fraction of Artemisia capillaris (Yin-Chen) exhibited cytotoxic activity against HSC-LX2 with inhibitory ratios of 39.7% and 68.7% at the concentration of 400.0 μg/mL. Bioassay-guided investigation of Fr. D (the active fraction) yielded 14 new coumaric acid analogues, artemicapillasins A-N (1-14). The structures of the isolates were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses involving UV, IR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra and ECD calculations. Cytotoxic activity against HSC-LX2 cells of these isolates was performed to reveal that 12 compounds demonstrated cytotoxicity with inhibitory ratios more than 50% at 400 μM. The most active artemicapillasin B (2) gave an IC50 value of 24.5 μM, which was about 7 times more toxic than the positive drug silybin (IC50, 162.3 μM). Importantly, artemicapillasin B (2) showed significant inhibition on the deposition of human collagen type I (Col I), human laminin (HL) and human hyaluronic acid (HA) with IC50 values of 11.0, 14.4 and 13.8 μM, which was about 7, 11 and 5 times more active than silybin. Artemicapillasin B (2) as an interesting antihepatic fibrosis candidate is worth in-depth study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-An Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Ze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou Q, Hu H, Zhao G, Liu P, Wang Y, Zhang H. Effect and related mechanism of Yinchenhao decoction on mice with lithogenic diet-induced cholelithiasis. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:316. [PMID: 33717259 PMCID: PMC7885065 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and the underlying mechanisms of Yinchenhao Decoction (YCHD), a traditional Chinese medicine formulation, on C57BL/6 mice with lithogenic diet (LD)-induced cholelithiasis. The condition of cholelithiasis was evaluated using a six-level criteria. Levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the serum and liver tissue were measured using enzyme colorimetry. Concentrations of TC, phospholipids (PL) and total bile acids (TBA) in the bile were measured to calculate the cholesterol saturation index. Liver histopathology was microscopically observed and mRNA expression levels of ABCG5, ABCG8, SRBI, ABCB4, ABCB11 and NPC1L1 involved in cholesterol metabolism were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The results showed that feeding mice the LD induced cholelithiasis, along with abnormal serum biochemical indices and imbalances in biliary cholesterol homeostasis. Increased ALT and ALP levels in the serum and ALT, ALP, TC and LDL-C levels in the serum and liver indicated the existence of hepatocyte injury, which were consistent with the pathological changes. YCHD treatment ameliorated the serum and hepatic biochemical abnormalities and adjusted the biliary imbalance. In addition, elevated expression of ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 5/8, scavenger receptor class B type I and Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 in the liver and small intestine were observed at the onset of cholelithiasis but were reversed by YCHD. Taken together, results from the present study suggest that YCHD ameliorated LD-induced cholelithiasis mice, which may be caused by improvements in biliary cholesterol supersaturation and regulation of cholesterol metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhou
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Clinical Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Hai Hu
- Department of Cholelithiasis, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Cholelithiasis, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Clinical Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yixing Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Clinical Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Summary of Natural Products Ameliorate Concanavalin A-Induced Liver Injury: Structures, Sources, Pharmacological Effects, and Mechanisms of Action. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020228. [PMID: 33503905 PMCID: PMC7910830 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver diseases represent a threat to human health and are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a progressive and chronic hepatic inflammatory disease, which may lead to severe complications. Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced hepatic injury is regarded as an appropriate experimental model for investigating the pathology and mechanisms involved in liver injury mediated by immune cells as well as T cell-related liver disease. Despite the advances in modern medicine, the only available strategies to treat AIH, include the use of steroids either solely or with immunosuppressant drugs. Unfortunately, this currently available treatment is associated with significant side-effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for safe and effective drugs to replace and/or supplement those in current use. Natural products have been utilized for treating liver disorders and have become a promising therapy for various liver disorders. In this review, the natural compounds and herbal formulations as well as extracts and/or fractions with protection against liver injury caused by Con A and the underlying possible mechanism(s) of action are reviewed. A total of 53 compounds from different structural classes are discussed and over 97 references are cited. The goal of this review is to attract the interest of pharmacologists, natural product researchers, and synthetic chemists for discovering novel drug candidates for treating immune-mediated liver injury.
Collapse
|
7
|
Boudreau A, Richard AJ, Harvey I, Stephens JM. Artemisia scoparia and Metabolic Health: Untapped Potential of an Ancient Remedy for Modern Use. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:727061. [PMID: 35211087 PMCID: PMC8861327 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.727061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Botanicals have a long history of medicinal use for a multitude of ailments, and many modern pharmaceuticals were originally isolated from plants or derived from phytochemicals. Among these, artemisinin, first isolated from Artemisia annua, is the foundation for standard anti-malarial therapies. Plants of the genus Artemisia are among the most common herbal remedies across Asia and Central Europe. The species Artemisia scoparia (SCOPA) is widely used in traditional folk medicine for various liver diseases and inflammatory conditions, as well as for infections, fever, pain, cancer, and diabetes. Modern in vivo and in vitro studies have now investigated SCOPA's effects on these pathologies and its ability to mitigate hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, obesity, diabetes, and other disease states. This review focuses on the effects of SCOPA that are particularly relevant to metabolic health. Indeed, in recent years, an ethanolic extract of SCOPA has been shown to enhance differentiation of cultured adipocytes and to share some properties of thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a class of insulin-sensitizing agonists of the adipogenic transcription factor PPARγ. In a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, SCOPA diet supplementation lowered fasting insulin and glucose levels, while inducing metabolically favorable changes in adipose tissue and liver. These observations are consistent with many lines of evidence from various tissues and cell types known to contribute to metabolic homeostasis, including immune cells, hepatocytes, and pancreatic beta-cells. Compounds belonging to several classes of phytochemicals have been implicated in these effects, and we provide an overview of these bioactives. The ongoing global epidemics of obesity and metabolic disease clearly require novel therapeutic approaches. While the mechanisms involved in SCOPA's effects on metabolic, anti-inflammatory, and oxidative stress pathways are not fully characterized, current data support further investigation of this plant and its bioactives as potential therapeutic agents in obesity-related metabolic dysfunction and many other conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anik Boudreau
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Allison J. Richard
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Innocence Harvey
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jacqueline M. Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jacqueline M. Stephens,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cai Y, Zheng Q, Sun R, Wu J, Li X, Liu R. Recent progress in the study of Artemisiae Scopariae Herba (Yin Chen), a promising medicinal herb for liver diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
9
|
Effects of Long-Term Administration of Gardeniae Fructus on Intra-Abdominal Organs of Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4201508. [PMID: 32595727 PMCID: PMC7301247 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4201508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many recent reports have suggested a possible association between Japanese traditional (Kampo) medicines containing Gardeniae Fructus (GF, the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis) and the mesenteric phlebosclerosis (MP). MP is a chronic orphan disease characterized by venous calcification extending from the colonic wall to the mesentery, usually developing in the proximal colon. In the present study, we administered GF to Wistar/ST female rats as 1% and 2% feed in the diet for 11 months to evaluate any calcification and/or fibrosis of veins in the colonic wall and mesentery. The reversibility of GF's effects was examined by feeding a normal diet for an additional 3 months. A significant decrease in body weight gain and food consumption occurred in the 2% GF group. Pigmentation of the liver, kidney, and spleen in macroscopic or histopathological examination was observed after 11-month administration, which disappeared after the 3-month recovery period. Histopathological findings such as fibrous thickening and calcification of vein walls, characteristic of human MP, were not observed. Fibrosis in the colonic lamina propria was observed in the 2% GF group but not in the 1% GF group during the treatment period, but the incidence as well as grade of this type of fibrosis decreased in the recovery period, suggesting that the effects of GF were reversible. In the present study, chronic GF administration did not result in any venous pathological changes but induced pigmentation in the liver, kidneys, and spleen and moderate fibrosis in the colonic lamina propria, all of which being reversible. Further studies are required to determine the association between GF and MP.
Collapse
|
10
|
Fan X, Lin L, Cui B, Zhao T, Mao L, Song Y, Wang X, Feng H, Qingxiang Y, Zhang J, Jiang K, Cao X, Wang B, Sun C. Therapeutic potential of genipin in various acute liver injury, fulminant hepatitis, NAFLD and other non-cancer liver diseases: More friend than foe. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104945. [PMID: 32454225 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genipin is an aglycone derived from the geniposide, the most abundant iridoid glucoside constituent of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. For decades, genipin is the focus of studies as a versatile compound in the treatment of various pathogenic conditions. In particularly, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of liver disease. Mounting experimental data has proved genipin possesses therapeutic potential for cholestatic, septic, ischemia/reperfusion-triggered acute liver injury, fulminant hepatitis and NAFLD. This critical review is a reflection on the valuable lessons from decades of research regarding pharmacological activities of genipin. Of note, genipin represents choleretic effect by potentiating bilirubin disposal and enhancement of genes in charge of the efflux of a number of organic anions. The anti-inflammatory capability of genipin is mediated by suppression of the production and function of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammasome. Moreover, genipin modulates various transcription factor and signal transduction pathway. Genipin appears to trigger the upregulation of several key genes encoding antioxidant and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Furthermore, the medicinal impact of genipin extends to modulation of regulated cell death, including autophagic cell death, apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis, and modulation of quality of cellular organelle. Another crucial effect of genipin appears to be linked to dual role in targeting uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2). As a typical UCP2-inhibiting compound, genipin could inhibit AMP-activated protein kinase or NF-κB in circumstance. On the contrary, reactive oxygen species production and cellular lipid deposits mediated by genipin through the upregulation of UCP2 is observed in liver steatosis, suggesting the precise role of genipin is disease-specific. Collectively, we comprehensively summarize the mechanisms and pathways associated with the hepatoprotective activity of genipin and discuss potential toxic impact. Notably, our focus is the direct medicinal effect of genipin itself, whereas its utility as a crosslinking agent in tissue engineering is out of scope for the current review. Further studies are therefore required to disentangle these complicated pharmacological properties to confer this natural agent a far greater potency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Hospital, East Street 6, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Binxin Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Hospital, East Street 6, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Tianming Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Lihong Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hongjuan Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Nutriology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Jintang Road 83, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Yu Qingxiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Kui Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiaocang Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Hospital, East Street 6, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Jung KH, Rumman M, Yan H, Cheon MJ, Choi JG, Jin X, Park S, Oh MS, Hong SS. An ethyl acetate fraction of Artemisia capillaris
(ACE-63) induced apoptosis and anti-angiogenesis via inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2034-2046. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hee Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Inha University; Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Marufa Rumman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Inha University; Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Honghua Yan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Inha University; Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Cheon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Inha University; Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Gyu Choi
- Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Xing Jin
- Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghouk Park
- Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Inha University; Incheon Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tian J, Yi Y, Zhao Y, Li C, Zhang Y, Wang L, Pan C, Han J, Li G, Li X, Liu J, Deng N, Gao Y, Liang A. Oral chronic toxicity study of geniposide in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 213:166-175. [PMID: 29128573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Geniposide, the major active constituent of Fructus Gardeniae (FG), has been widely used to treat various diseases in China. AIM OF THE STUDY This chronic toxicity study was conducted to investigate the safety of geniposide. MATERIALS AND METHODS Geniposide was administered to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats of both sexes by oral gavage at dosages of 25, 50, or 100mg/kg in a volume of 10mL/kg once daily for 26 weeks. Endpoints included clinical observations, food consumption, body weights, blood biochemistry, haematology, and histomorphological observations. RESULTS The administration of geniposide did not influence animal mortality, the general conditions of the animals, body weights or food consumption. After 4 weeks of administration, significant toxicity was not observed. However, in the 13th week of the toxicity study, a few haematological parameters and some relative organ weights of male rats in the 50 and 100mg/kg geniposide groups were significantly increased. The percentage of reticulocytes (Retic %) was significantly increased in male and female rats administered 100mg/kg geniposide. In addition, two female rats in the 100mg/kg geniposide group showed slight pathological changes in hepatic and renal tissues. Furthermore, in a chronic (26 weeks) toxicity study, differences were detected in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), and haemoglobin (HGB) levels and the relative weights of the liver and spleen in male rats administered 100mg/kg geniposide. In addition, differences were detected in Retic % and the relative weights of the liver, thymus, and kidneys in female rats administered 100mg/kg geniposide. Urinalysis results from male and female rats in the 100mg/kg geniposide group revealed noticeable changes. The histopathological structures of hepatic and renal tissues in the high-dose geniposide group exhibited serious abnormalities and pigment deposition. CONCLUSION Geniposide affected serum biochemistry, urinalysis, and haematological parameters as well as relative organ weights. The treatment also caused noticeable pathological abnormalities in liver and kidney tissues. Therefore, administration of a high dose of geniposide (100mg/kg) for 26 weeks could induced obvious liver and kidney damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhuo Tian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yan Yi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yushi Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lianmei Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chen Pan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jiayin Han
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Guiqin Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Nuo Deng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Aihua Liang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave, Beijing 100700, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abood S, Eichelbaum S, Mustafi S, Veisaga ML, López LA, Barbieri M. Biomedical Properties and Origins of Sesquiterpene Lactones, with a Focus on Dehydroleucodine. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydroleucodine, a sesquiterpene lactone, belongs to the terpenoid class of secondary metabolites. Dehydroleucodine and other Artemisia-derived phytochemicals evolved numerous biodefenses that were first co-opted for human pharmacological use by traditional cultures in the Middle East, Asia, Europe and the Americas. Later, these phytochemicals were modified through the use of medicinal chemical techniques to increase their potency. All sesquiterpene lactones contain an α-methylene-γ-lactone group, which confers thiol reactivity, which is responsible, in part, for their therapeutic effects. A wide range of therapeutic uses of sequiterpene lactones has been found, including anti-adipogenic, cytoprotective, anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-malarial and, anti-migraine effects. Dehydroleucodine significantly inhibits differentiation of murine preadipocytes and also significantly decreases the accumulation of lipid content by a dramatic down regulation of adipogenic-specific transcriptional factors PPARγ and C-EBPα. Dehydroleucodine also inhibits secretion of matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2), which is a known protease involved in migration and invasion of B16 cells. In addition to these anti-adipogenic and anti-cancer effects, dehydroleucodine effectively neutralizes several bacterial species, including Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aueus (MRSA) and S. epidermis (MRSE). The compound also inhibits the growth and secretion of several toxins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, possesses gastro-protective qualities and possesses anti-parasitic properties against Trypanosoma cruzi, responsible for Chagas disease. Other sesquiterpene lactones, such as parthenolide, costunolide, and helanin, also possess significant therapeutic utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Abood
- Department of Biological Sciences; Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Steven Eichelbaum
- Department of Biological Sciences; Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Sushmita Mustafi
- Department of Biological Sciences; Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Maria-Luisa Veisaga
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute; Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Luis A. López
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Cycle, Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Cuyo, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Manuel Barbieri
- Department of Biological Sciences; Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute; Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, 10901 Old Cutler Road, Coral Gables, FL 33156, USA
- International Center of Tropical Botany, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim Y, Lee IS, Kim KH, Park J, Lee JH, Bang E, Jang HJ, Na YC. Metabolic Profiling of Liver Tissue in Diabetic Mice Treated with Artemisia Capillaris and Alisma Rhizome Using LC-MS and CE-MS. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:1639-1661. [PMID: 27852124 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Artemisia Capillaris (AC) and Alisma Rhizome (AR) are natural products for the treatment of liver disorders in oriental medicine clinics. Here, we report metabolomic changes in the evaluation of the treatment effects of AC and AR on fatty livers in diabetic mice, along with a proposition of the underlying metabolic pathway. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic metabolites extracted from mouse livers were analyzed using HPLC-QTOF and CE-QTOF, respectively, to generate metabolic profiles. Statistical analysis of the metabolites by PLS-DA and OPLA-DA fairly discriminated between the diabetic, and the AC- and AR-treated mice groups. Various PEs mostly contributed to the discrimination of the diabetic mice from the normal mice, and besides, DG (18:1/16:0), TG (16:1/16:1/20:1), PE (21:0/20:5), and PA (18:0/21:0) were also associated with discrimination by s-plot. Nevertheless, the effects of AC and AR treatment were indistinct with respect to lipid metabolites. Of the 97 polar metabolites extracted from the CE-MS data, 40 compounds related to amino acid, central carbon, lipid, purine, and pyrimidine metabolism, with [Formula: see text] values less than 0.05, were shown to contribute to liver dysregulation. Following treatment with AC and AR, the metabolites belonging to purine metabolism preferentially recovered to the metabolic state of the normal mice. The AMP/ATP ratio of cellular energy homeostasis in AR-treated mice was more apparently increased ([Formula: see text]) than that of AC-treated mice. On the other hand, amino acids, which showed the main alterations in diabetic mice, did not return to the normal levels upon treatment with AR or AC. In terms of metabolomics, AR was a more effective natural product in the treatment of liver dysfunction than AC. These results may provide putative biomarkers for the prognosis of fatty liver disorder following treatment with AC and AR extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Kim
- * Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea.,† Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seung Lee
- † Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hoon Kim
- † Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- † Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- * Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea.,‡ Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Bang
- * Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeung-Jin Jang
- † Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Cheol Na
- * Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea.,‡ Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yi Y, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Lu L, Zhang T, Zhao Y, Xu X, Zhang Y. Simultaneous quantitation of 14 active components inYinchenhaodecoction by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection: Method development and ingredient analysis of different commonly prepared samples. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:4147-4157. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- YaXiong Yi
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Yue Ding
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Lu Lu
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - XiaoJun Xu
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center; Shanghai China
| | - YuXin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Isolation of 4,5-O-Dicaffeoylquinic Acid as a Pigmentation Inhibitor Occurring in Artemisia capillaris Thunberg and Its Validation In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:7823541. [PMID: 27528883 PMCID: PMC4977398 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7823541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
There is a continual need to develop novel and effective melanogenesis inhibitors for the prevention of hyperpigmentation disorders. The plant Artemisia capillaris Thunberg (Oriental Wormwood) was screened for antipigmentation activity using murine cultured cells (B16-F10 malignant melanocytes). Activity-based fractionation using HPLC and NMR analyses identified the compound 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid as an active component in this plant. 4,5-O-Dicaffeoylquinic acid significantly reduced melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner in the melanocytes. In addition, 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid treatment reduced the expression of tyrosinase-related protein-1. Significantly, we could validate the antipigmentation activity of this compound in vivo, using a zebrafish model. Moreover, 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid did not show toxicity in this animal model. Our discovery of 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid as an inhibitor of pigmentation that is active in vivo shows that this compound can be developed as an active component for formulations to treat pigmentation disorders.
Collapse
|
18
|
Rashid MU, Alamzeb M, Ali S, Shah ZA, Naz I, Khan AA, Semaan D, Khan MR. A new irregular monoterpene acetate along with eight known compounds with antifungal potential from the aerial parts of Artemisia incisa Pamp (Asteraceae). Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:428-435. [PMID: 27187805 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1185718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A new compound named as santolinylol-3-acetate (4-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methylhexa-1,5-dien-3-yl acetate) (3), along with seven known compounds; linoleic acid (1), benzoic acid (2), santolinylol (4), ethyl-(E)-p-hydroxy cinnamate (5), scopoletin (6), esculetin (7) isofraxidin (8) and eupatorin (9), were isolated from the aerial parts (ethanolic extract) of endangered species: Artemisia incisa Pamp (Asteraceae). The compounds' structures were determined through modern spectroscopic techniques, and comparison of data (physicochemical constants) with the literature. The relative stereochemistry of santolinylol-3-acetate (3) was determined by comparing its data of NOESY, and specific rotation with its diol analogue; santolinylol (4), isolated from the same plant; A. incisa. The results of the antifungal activity showed that coumarins are as whole less active compounds. Compounds 3 (25 and 300 μg/mL), and 4 (12.5 and 300 μg/mL), showed good activities against Candida albicans, and Aspergillus flavus, respectively, which justifies A. incisa as a traditional medicine for curing the said fungal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoon Ur Rashid
- a Phytopharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Research Laboratories (PNRL), Institute of Chemical Sciences , University of Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Alamzeb
- b Institute of Chemical Sciences , University of Swat , Swat , Pakistan
| | - Saqib Ali
- c Department of Chemistry , Moin Ud Din University Nehrain Sharif , Azad Kashmir , Pakistan
| | - Zafar Ali Shah
- d Department of Agriculture Chemistry , The Agriculture University Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Ishrat Naz
- e Department of Plant Pathology , The Agriculture University Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad Khan
- a Phytopharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Research Laboratories (PNRL), Institute of Chemical Sciences , University of Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Dima Semaan
- f Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS) , University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , Scotland, UK
| | - Mohammad Rafiullah Khan
- a Phytopharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Research Laboratories (PNRL), Institute of Chemical Sciences , University of Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mai HL, Grellier P, Prost E, Lemoine P, Poullain C, Dumontet V, Deguin B, Vo TBH, Michel S, Grougnet R. Triterpenes from the exudate of Gardenia urvillei. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 122:193-202. [PMID: 26608669 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A cycloartane gardurvilleic acid, three 3,4-seco-cycloartanes securvienol, secodienurvilleic acid, securvitriol, a 3,4;9,10-seco-cycloartane gardheptlactone, two dammaranes urvilone, urvilol, along with eight known cycloartanes and 3,4-seco-cycloartanes and four known dammaranes have been isolated from the bud exudate of Gardenia urvillei, an endemic tree to the New Caledonian dry forest. Two other dammarane derivatives have been obtained by semisynthesis. The structures of the original compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods and chemical correlations. In association with previously published data, the description of oxidized side-chains in position 17 are now available for two couples of diastereoisomers. Evaluation of anti-parasite activity and cytotoxicity has shown noticeable results for some of the isolated triterpenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Linh Mai
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Université de Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, UMR-CNRS 8638 COMETE, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Grellier
- Unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM, UMR 7245), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, CP52, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Elise Prost
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Université de Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, UMR-CNRS 8638 COMETE, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Pascale Lemoine
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie et RMN biologiques, Université de Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, UMR-CNRS 8015, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Cyril Poullain
- Laboratoire des Plantes Médicinales, UPR2301, CNRS, BP643, 98845 Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia
| | - Vincent Dumontet
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR2301, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Brigitte Deguin
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Université de Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, UMR-CNRS 8638 COMETE, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Thi Bach Hue Vo
- Laboratory of Analytic Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medical science of Ho Chi Minh City, 41 Dinh Tien Hoang st. 1st district, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Sylvie Michel
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Université de Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, UMR-CNRS 8638 COMETE, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Grougnet
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Université de Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, UMR-CNRS 8638 COMETE, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mizutani T, Yokoyama Y, Kokuryo T, Ebata T, Igami T, Sugawara G, Nagino M. Does inchinkoto, a herbal medicine, have hepatoprotective effects in major hepatectomy? A prospective randomized study. HPB (Oxford) 2015; 17:461-9. [PMID: 25581163 PMCID: PMC4402058 DOI: 10.1111/hpb.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This randomized clinical trial was designed to investigate whether inchinkoto has a hepatoprotective effect on postoperative outcome after major hepatectomy. METHODS Sixty-one patients scheduled for major hepatectomy were randomly assigned to one of two groups in which preoperative inchinkoto was (inchinkoto group, n = 30) or was not (non-inchinkoto group, n = 31) administered. Inchinkoto was administered for at least 7 days before surgery. The primary endpoint was the incidence of post-hepatectomy liver damage. The expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and other oxygen stress-related markers in the liver were also determined. RESULTS There was no significant difference in clinical characteristics between the inchinkoto and non-inchinkoto groups. Serum levels in liver function tests and incidences of post-hepatectomy liver failure did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, there was a significantly higher induction of antioxidant factors in the liver, such as Nrf2 protein and heme oxygenase-1 mRNA, after hepatectomy in the inchinkoto group than in the non-inchinkoto group. CONCLUSIONS The preoperative administration of inchinkoto did not have a significant impact on the overall outcome of major hepatectomy. However, inchinkoto induced the expression of Nrf2 during hepatectomy and may have exerted an antioxidative effect on the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsushi Mizutani
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yokoyama
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoya, Japan,Correspondence, Yukihiro Yokoyama, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan. Tel: + 81 52 744 2220. Fax: + 81 52 744 2230. E-mail:
| | - Toshio Kokuryo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ebata
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoya, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Igami
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoya, Japan
| | - Gen Sugawara
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoya, Japan
| | - Masato Nagino
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Potent natural products and herbal medicines for treating liver fibrosis. Chin Med 2015; 10:7. [PMID: 25897319 PMCID: PMC4403904 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-015-0036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing response to chronic liver injury characterized by progressive inflammation and deposition of extracellular matrix components. The pathological condition of liver fibrosis involves secretion of extracellular matrix proteins and formation of scar tissue. The major regulators involved in hepatic fibrogenesis are the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/SMAD and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-initiated myeloid differentiation primary response 88 gene (MyD88)/NF-ĸB cell signaling pathways. This article reviews natural products and herbal medicines that have demonstrated activity against liver fibrosis through different mechanisms of action, including anti-hepatitis B and C virus activity, anti-inflammation, inhibition of cytokine production and nuclear receptor activation, and free radical scavenging.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhou J, Li C, Wang L, Ji H, Zhu T. Hepatoprotective effects of a Chinese herbal formulation, Yingchen decoction, on olaquindox-induced hepatopancreas injury in Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:153-163. [PMID: 25477196 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-0013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to identify effective hepatoprotective herbs for clinical application in fish farming, 200 mg/kg olaquindox (OLA) was added to a basal diet (group 1, control) to form OLA diet (group 2), then 1.35, 2.7 and 5.4 % (w/w) of a Chinese herbal formulation, Yingchen decoction (YCD), were added to the OLA diet to form three additional diets for groups 3, 4 and 5, respectively. A total of 375 juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) (52.12 ± 2.95 g/tail) were divided into five groups (triplicates per group) and fed the five diets mentioned above, respectively, for 6 weeks. At the termination of feeding experiment, serum biochemical indexes, viability of hepatocytes and the hepatopancreas microstructure for each group were detected and observed. The results showed that serum ALT and AST in group 2 were significantly higher than the control (P < 0.05). Plasma membranes hepatocyte nuclei in group 2 were found to be mostly indistinct, compared to group 1, and gradually recovered with the increasing supplementation of YCD in group 3, 4 and 5. The viability of isolated hepatocytes in group 2 was the lowest and gradually recovered with the increasing supplementation of YCD in group 3, 4 and 5. The results suggest that YCD protected the Jian carp hepatopancreas against injury from OLA, and that 5.4 % YCD would be the optimum dosage in a Jian carp diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jishu Zhou
- Department of Fisheries Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hung HY, Kuo SC. Recent Studies and Progression of Yin Chen Hao ( Yīn Chén Hāo), a Long-term Used Traditional Chinese Medicine. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 3:2-6. [PMID: 24716150 PMCID: PMC3924980 DOI: 10.4103/2225-4110.106533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Yin Chen Hao (Artemisia capillaris Thunb; 茵陳蒿 Yīn Chén Hāo) is a traditional Chinese medicine for treating hepatic disorders. This review provides recent pharmacological studies of Yin Chen Hao as well as some chemical constituents isolated from Yin Chen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Hung
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chu Kuo
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. ; Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fu Z, Ling Y, Li Z, Chen M, Sun Z, Huang C. HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS for analysis of major chemical constituents of Yinchen-Zhizi herb pair extract. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:475-85. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Fu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 501 Haike Rd, Zhangjiang Pudong Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Shuguang hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yun Ling
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 501 Haike Rd, Zhangjiang Pudong Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiong Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 501 Haike Rd, Zhangjiang Pudong Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingcang Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 501 Haike Rd, Zhangjiang Pudong Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaolin Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 501 Haike Rd, Zhangjiang Pudong Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Chenggang Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 501 Haike Rd, Zhangjiang Pudong Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shao X, Qian Y, Xu C, Hong B, Xu W, Shen L, Jin C, Wu Z, Tong X, Yao H. The protective effect of intrasplenic transplantation of Ad-IL-18BP/IL-4 gene-modified fetal hepatocytes on ConA-induced hepatitis in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58836. [PMID: 23516562 PMCID: PMC3596329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Concanavalin A (ConA)-induced hepatitis is an experimental murine model mirroring the pathology of human autoimmune hepatitis. Aim To investigate the effects of intrasplenically transplanted fetal hepatocytes (BNL.CL2) transfected with recombinant adenovirus vector expressing the IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) and IL-4 fusion protein on ConA-induced hepatitis in mice. Methods Ad-IL-18BP/IL-4 was used to infect BNL.CL2 cells. IL-4 and IL-18BP fusion protein expression were detected by ELISA and Western blotting. BNL.CL2 cells infected with Ad-IL-18BP/IL-4 were intrasplenically transplanted into mice. After 10 days, mice were injected with ConA (15 mg/kg), and sacrificed 18 hours later. Liver injury was assessed by serum transaminase and liver histology. TNF-α, IL-18, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12p70 and monocyte-chemoattracting protein (MCP)-1 levels in serum and liver homogenates were detected by ELISA. Signaling molecules in liver homogenates were analyzed by Western blotting. Results Ad-IL-18BP/IL-4 effectively expressed the IL-18BP/IL-4 fusion protein for more than 14 days in BNL.CL12 cells. Treatment of mice with Ad-IL-18BP/IL-4-BNL.CL2 before ConA injection significantly reduced the elevated plasma levels of transaminases compared with ConA control groups. TNF-α, IL-18, IL-12p70 and MCP-1 levels in serum and liver homogenates from mice transplanted with Ad-IL-18BP/IL-4-BNL.CL2 were lower and IL-4 and IL-10 levels were higher than control groups. Phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65, AKT, p38 and JNK1/2 in liver homogenates were markedly suppressed by Ad-IL-18BP/IL-4. Conclusions Ad-IL-18BP/IL-4 was effectively transfected into mouse BNL.CL2 cells. Intrasplenic transplantation of Ad-IL-18BP/IL-4-BNL.CL12 cells alleviated the severity of inflammation in ConA-induced experimental hepatitis and provides a useful basis for the targeted gene therapy of liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenhuai Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Hong
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanhong Xu
- Hangzhou High Throughput Drug Screening Center, ACEA Bio, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changzhong Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangmin Tong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hangping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Han JM, Kim HG, Choi MK, Lee JS, Lee JS, Wang JH, Park HJ, Son SW, Hwang SY, Son CG. Artemisia capillaris extract protects against bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:837-44. [PMID: 23298556 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Artemisia capillaris has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine in the treatment of liver diseases. However, no previous study has investigated whether A. capillaries alone is effective in treating pathological conditions associated with cholestatic liver injury. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-hepatofibrotic effects of A. capillaris (aqueous extract, WAC) in a bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced cholestatic fibrosis model. After BDL, rats were given WAC (25 or 50 mg/kg) or urosodeoxycholic acid (UDCA, 25 mg/kg) orally for 2 weeks (once per day). The serum cholestatic markers, malondialdehyde, and liver hydroxyproline levels were drastically increased in the BDL group, while administering WAC significantly reduced these alterations. Administering WAC also restored the BDL-induced depletion of glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase activity. Cholestatic liver injury and collagen deposition were markedly attenuated by WAC treatment, and these changes were paralleled by the significantly suppressed expression of fibrogenic factors, including hepatic alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). The beneficial effects of WAC administration are associated with antifibrotic properties via both upregulation of antioxidant activities and downregulation of ECM protein production in the rat BDL model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Han
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daeheung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu H, Chen YF, Li F, Zhang HY. Fructus Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis) phytochemistry, pharmacology of cardiovascular, and safety with the perspective of new drugs development. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2012; 15:94-110. [PMID: 23211013 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2012.723203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The phytochemistry, cardiovascular pharmacology, toxicology, side effect, and further development prospects of Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis (GJE) and its main constituents crocins and iridoid glycosides were studied. Numerous studies have confirmed that crocins and iridoid glycosides had effects of antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-ischemic brain injuries, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-hyperglycemia, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-hypertension, and so on. Some of them might be related to several attractive pharmacodynamic actions of GJE such as promoting endothelium growth, protecting neurons, and inducing their differentiation. Both of them make it possible for GJE to prevent and cure thromboembolism and cardiovascular diseases well. From our own basic pharmacological research of GJE extract on several rat models, it has been known that GJE extract markedly prolonged bleeding time and inhibited platelet aggregation and thrombosis. It has significant proliferation effect on both endothelial cells and endothelial progenitor cells as well. As the mechanisms of GJE on those diseases were discussed and summarized, questions about its genetoxicity and hepatotoxicity were also discussed during its safety study to make the foundation for long-term medication and clinical research in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Han S, Lee JH, Kim C, Nam D, Chung WS, Lee SG, Ahn KS, Cho SK, Cho M, Ahn KS. Capillarisin inhibits iNOS, COX-2 expression, and proinflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages via the suppression of ERK, JNK, and NF-κB activation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2012; 35:34-42. [PMID: 23131135 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2012.736522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aerial parts of Artemisia capillaris (Compositae) have been used in traditional Korean medicine as a cholagogic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and diuretic purposes. In our previous study, ethanolic extracts of the plant demonstrated a marked anti-inflammatory effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells (J. Korean Soc. Appl. Biol. Chem., 2010, 53, 275-282). In the present study, capillarisin (CPS), a flavone, main constituent of A. capillaris, was examined for its anti-inflammatory activity in the cells. We found that CPS highly suppressed LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) without exerting cytotoxic effects on RAW 264.7 cells. CPS inhibited the expression of LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein and their mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. Also, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) secretion were decreased by CPS in LPS-stimulated macrophages. As a result, CPS inhibited proinflammatory cytokines, iNOS, and COX-2, which is attributed to the suppression of LPS-induced ERK, JNK, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation. Therefore, we demonstrate here that CPS potentially inhibits the biomarkers related to inflammation through the abrogation of ERK, JNK, and NF-κB p65 activation, and it may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suckbae Han
- College of Oriental Medicine and Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Genipin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced acute systemic inflammation in mice as evidenced by nuclear factor-κB bioluminescent imaging-guided transcriptomic analysis. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2978-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
30
|
Wang JB, Zhao HP, Zhao YL, Jin C, Liu DJ, Kong WJ, Fang F, Zhang L, Wang HJ, Xiao XH. Hepatotoxicity or hepatoprotection? Pattern recognition for the paradoxical effect of the Chinese herb Rheum palmatum L. in treating rat liver injury. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24498. [PMID: 21915343 PMCID: PMC3167848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatotoxicity of some Chinese herbs has been a cause for concern in recent years. However, some herbs, such as rhubarb, have been documented as having both therapeutic and toxic effects on the liver, leading to the complex problem of distinguishing the benefits from the risks of using this herb. To comparatively analyze the dose-response relationship between rhubarb and hepatic health, we administrated total rhubarb extract(RE) to normal and carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)-treated rats for 12 weeks at 4 dosage levels(2.00, 5.40, 14.69 and 40.00 g·kg−1, measured as the quantity of crude material), followed by biochemical and histopathological tests of the rats' livers. A composite pattern was extracted by factor analysis, using all the biochemical indices as variables, into a visual representation of two mathematically obtained factors, which could be interpreted as the fibrosis factor and the cellular injury factor, according to the values of the variable loadings. The curative effect of administering the two lowest dosages of RE to CCl4-treated rats was mainly expressed as a decrease in the extent of cellular injury. The hepatoprotective mechanism of RE might be related to its antioxidant effect, the antagonism of the free radical damage to hepatocytes caused by CCl4. By contrast, the RE-induced liver damage was mainly expressed as a significant increase in the amount of fibrosis in both normal rats at all dosage levels and CCl4-treated rats at the two highest dosage levels. Therefore, the hepatotoxic potential of RE could be attributable to the liver cell fibrosis induced by high doses of the herb. This study illustrates the bidirectional potential of rhubarb and demonstrates the feasibility of using factor analysis to study the dose-response relationships between herbal medicines and hepatotoxicity or the healing effects of these herbs by extracting the underlying interrelationships among a number of functional bio-indices in a holistic manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-bo Wang
- Integrative Medicine Center, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang A, Sun H, Yuan Y, Sun W, Jiao G, Wang X. An in vivo analysis of the therapeutic and synergistic properties of Chinese medicinal formula Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang based on its active constituents. Fitoterapia 2011; 82:1160-8. [PMID: 21835230 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
6,7-Dimethylesculetin (D), geniposide (G) and rhein (R) are the three major active ingredients of Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang (YCHT), a famous Chinese herbal formula, which has been shown to be clinically effective for treating hepatic injury (HI) syndrome. The present study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic and synergistic effects of COC (combination of D, G and R) on HI rats by combining pharmacokinetic with biochemical analysis strategy. Plasma was analyzed by using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were built to evaluate the therapeutic and synergistic effects of COC at the biochemical level. Here, we report that the COC combination could increase the plasma level, slow elimination rate, exert a more robust therapeutic effect than any one or two of the three individual compounds by hitting multiple targets in a rat model of HI. Overall, this beneficially accounts for the popular view that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula usually takes multi-component to exert their therapeutic effects. We suggest that dissecting the mode of action of clinically effective formula to be capable of producing a sufficient effect at low doses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Zhang
- National TCM Key Lab of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ra J, Chung JH, Lee H, Kim J. Reduction of interleukin-1β induced matrix metalloproteinase-3 release by extracts of six plants: inhibitory screening of 35 traditional medicinal plants. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2011; 33:461-5. [PMID: 21247370 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2010.537663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease associated with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, leading to destruction of the cartilage. The objective of this study was to investigate and discuss the suitability of the 35 medicinal plants as therapeutic candidates to treat RA. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), derived from patients with RA, were adjusted to 2 × 10(6) cells/mL in a 24-well plate and pretreated with the distilled water extracts of the 35 plants (1, 10, and 100 µg/mL) for 1 h followed by interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (1 ng/mL) for 24 h. The concentration of MMP-3 was then determined using a Duoset ELISA Kit. The six plants (Artemisiae Capillaris Herba, AC; Bambusae Caulis In Taeniam, BC; Cassiae Semen, CS; Corni Fructus, CF; Leonuri Herba, LH; Schizonepetae Spica, SS) showed no toxicity, including MMP-3. The MMP-3 level was increased by 3.38-fold (212.23 μg/mL) in IL-1β-stimulated FLSs. The IL-1β-induced MMP-3 level was significantly and dose-dependently reduced by >50% by the six plants (P < 0.01: at 100 μg/ mL of CS and LH, P < 0.001: at 10 μg/mL of all plants, and at 100 μg/mL of AC, BC, CF, and SS). This is the first study on the MMP-3 inhibitory effect of the examined plants in FLSs isolated from RA patients. From our original research, the six candidate plants were identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jehyeon Ra
- Department of Oriental Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang X, Sun H, Zhang A, Jiao G, Sun W, Yuan Y. Pharmacokinetics screening for multi-components absorbed in the rat plasma after oral administration traditional Chinese medicine formula Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang by ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with pattern recognition methods. Analyst 2011; 136:5068-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15752c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|