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Yang Y, Lai Y, Tong X, Li Z, Cheng Y, Tian LW. Arjunolic acid ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive behavior by inhibiting neuroinflammation via microglial SIRT1/AMPK/Notch1 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118225. [PMID: 38670408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Neuroinflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of depression disorder by activating microglia cells, increasing proinflammatory cytokines, effecting serotonin synthesis and metabolism, and neuronal apoptosis and neurogenesis. Arjunolic acid (ARG) is a triterpenoid derived from the fruits of Akebia trifoliata for treating psychiatric disorders in TCM clinic, which exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. However, its anti-depressive effect and underlying mechanism are unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to explore the effect of arjunolic acid on depression and its possible mechanisms. METHODS Intraperitoneal injection of LPS in mice and LPS stimulated-BV2 microglia were utilized to set up in vivo and in vitro models. Behavioral tests, H&E staining and ELISA were employed to evaluate the effect of arjunolic acid on depression. RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, molecular docking and Western blot were performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Arjunolic acid dramatically ameliorated depressive behavior in LPS-induced mice. The levels of BDNF and 5-HT in the hippocampus of the mice were increased, while the number of iNOS + IBA1+ cells in the brain were decreased and Arg1+IBA1+ positive cells were increased after arjunolic acid treatment. In addition, arjunolic acid promoted the polarization of BV2 microglia from M1 to M2 type. Notably, drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS), cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and molecular docking technologies identified SIRT1 as the target of arjunolic acid. Moreover, after SIRT1 inhibition by using EX-527, the effects of arjunolic acid on ameliorating LPS-induced depressive behavior in mice and promoting M2 Microglia polarization were blocked. In addition, arjunolic acid activated AMPK and decreased Notch1 expression, however, inhibition of AMPK, the effect of arjunolic acid on the downregulation of Notch1 expression were weaken. CONCLUSIONS This study elucidates that arjunolic acid suppressed neuroinflammation through modulating the SIRT1/AMPK/Notch1 signaling pathway. Our study demonstrates that arjunolic acid might serve as a potiential anti-depressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong Key Laboratory for translational Cancer research of Chinese Medicine, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Ying Lai
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong Key Laboratory for translational Cancer research of Chinese Medicine, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Xueli Tong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Zipei Li
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong Key Laboratory for translational Cancer research of Chinese Medicine, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong Key Laboratory for translational Cancer research of Chinese Medicine, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Li-Wen Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Song Y, Sun G, Wang D, Chen J, Lv J, Jiang S, Zhang G, Yu S, Zheng H. Optimization of Composite Enzymatic Extraction, Structural Characterization and Biological Activity of Soluble Dietary Fiber from Akebia trifoliata Peel. Molecules 2024; 29:2085. [PMID: 38731576 PMCID: PMC11085559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to reduce the waste of Akebia trifoliata peel and maximize its utilization, in this study, on the basis of a single-factor experiment and the response surface method, the optimum technological conditions for the extraction of soluble dietary fiber from Akebia trifoliata peel with the compound enzyme method were obtained. The chemical composition, physical and chemical properties, structural characterization and biological activity of the purified soluble dietary fiber (AP-SDF) from the Akebia trifoliata peel were analyzed. We discovered that that the optimum yield was 20.87% under the conditions of cellulase addition 600 U/g, enzymolysis time 100 min, solid-liquid ratio 1:24 g/mL and enzymolysis temperature 51 °C. At the same time, AP-SDF was a porous network structure cellulose type I acidic polysaccharose mainly composed of arabinoxylan (36.03%), galacturonic acid (27.40%) and glucose (19.00%), which possessed the structural characteristic peaks of the infrared spectra of polysaccharides and the average molecular weight (Mw) was 95.52 kDa with good uniformity. In addition, the AP-SDF exhibited high oil-holding capacity (15.11 g/g), good water-holding capacity and swelling capacity, a certain antioxidant capacity in vitro, hypoglycemic activity in vitro for α-glucosidase inhibition and hypolipidemic activity in vitro for the binding ability of bile acids and cholesterol. These results will provide a theoretical basis for the development of functional products with antioxidant, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects, which have certain application value in related industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Song
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564507, China; (Y.S.); (G.S.); (D.W.); (J.C.); (J.L.); (S.J.); (G.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Guoshun Sun
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564507, China; (Y.S.); (G.S.); (D.W.); (J.C.); (J.L.); (S.J.); (G.Z.); (S.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Dian Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564507, China; (Y.S.); (G.S.); (D.W.); (J.C.); (J.L.); (S.J.); (G.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564507, China; (Y.S.); (G.S.); (D.W.); (J.C.); (J.L.); (S.J.); (G.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564507, China; (Y.S.); (G.S.); (D.W.); (J.C.); (J.L.); (S.J.); (G.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Sixia Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564507, China; (Y.S.); (G.S.); (D.W.); (J.C.); (J.L.); (S.J.); (G.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564507, China; (Y.S.); (G.S.); (D.W.); (J.C.); (J.L.); (S.J.); (G.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shirui Yu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564507, China; (Y.S.); (G.S.); (D.W.); (J.C.); (J.L.); (S.J.); (G.Z.); (S.Y.)
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Health Wine Brewing, Renhuai 564507, China
| | - Huayan Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564507, China; (Y.S.); (G.S.); (D.W.); (J.C.); (J.L.); (S.J.); (G.Z.); (S.Y.)
- Talent Cultivation Center of Moutai Institute on Characteristic Food Resource Utilization, Renhuai 564507, China
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Ding Y, Zhao D, Wang T, Xu Z, Fu Y, Tao L. Medicinal patterns of vines used in Chinese herbal medicine: a quantitative study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117184. [PMID: 37827301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The botanical characteristics of twinning, climbing vine plants conceptually take shape to interlink the meridians and collaterals system throughout the human body by expelling climatic evils (e.g., wind, dampness). Thus, vines have displayed great medicinal properties in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). AIM OF THE STUDY Although some popular vine species have been intensively investigated, the comparable features and medicinal specifications among a vast collection of taxonomic groups based on data visualization methods are relatively lacking in attention. Moreover, the translatability of vines from ancient ethnomedical evidence to modern medical system has not been well established. This review tends to quantitatively summarize the strength of vines in healthcare from the perspectives of medicinal part, traditional function, clinical spectrum, phytochemistry divergence, pharmacological attributes, toxicity as well as the progress of proprietary drug development. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medicinal vines were retrieved from databases of drug standards and curated catalogues. Synonyms of plant origin across different datasets were normalized by accepted scientific names in the World Flora Online. The distribution patterns and rank of plant origin, medicinal parts, traditional functions and target conditions, as well as the correlation between phytochemical composition and clinical applications were analyzed and visualized. RESULTS A total of 121 crude drugs from 36 families, 77 genera, 133 species of vines were obtained and analyzed. The Fabaceae, Menispermaceae and Rubiaceae were the highest ranked families of medicinal vines. Not surprisingly, stem was the most dominant medical part. Moreover, "eliminate wind" displayed a hub node in the traditional function co-occurrence network. In addition to joint impediment disorders, these vines particularly displayed a wide range of therapeutic modalities toward conditions from various organ systems. Chemotaxonomic properties-oriented phytochemical analysis was performed and the chemical diversity among medicinal vines complementarily determined a certain group of therapeutic domains. Particularly, the anti-inflammatory effect and antiarthritic effect were highlighted for treating rheumatic diseases. Using integral animal models and cultured cells, modern pharmacological actions of medicinal vines have been largely observed and validated according to their traditional ethnopharmacology. Furthermore, a small proportion of vine species are well-known toxic plants. Successful drug development pipelines in rheumatic, cardiovascular, liver, malignant and infectious diseases have offered the capacity to generate new treatment options that are being sought out from vine plants. CONCLUSIONS Medicinal vines are rich sources of Chinese Material Medica (CMM) and good fit for a variety of clinical manifestations beyond arthritis and rheumatic diseases. In addition to stem, other parts are also popular for both medicines and dietary supplements. Vine plants provide extensive biologically relevant chemical space for developing value-creating drugs. Thus, our analysis can be useful for further motivating and strengthening the preclinical and clinical research of vine-derived remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Ding
- College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; The State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Toxic Pathogens-Based Therapeutic Approaches of Gastric Cancer, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Dingping Zhao
- College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; The State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Toxic Pathogens-Based Therapeutic Approaches of Gastric Cancer, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Tingye Wang
- College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; The State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Toxic Pathogens-Based Therapeutic Approaches of Gastric Cancer, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; The State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Toxic Pathogens-Based Therapeutic Approaches of Gastric Cancer, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Yuxuan Fu
- College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; The State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Toxic Pathogens-Based Therapeutic Approaches of Gastric Cancer, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Li Tao
- College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; The State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Toxic Pathogens-Based Therapeutic Approaches of Gastric Cancer, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
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Chen S, Yang H, Zhang Y, Chen C, Ren T, Tan F, Luo P. Global Analysis of the WOX Transcription Factor Family in Akebia trifoliata. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 46:11-24. [PMID: 38275662 PMCID: PMC10814775 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Akebia trifoliata is an economically important, self-incompatible fruit tree in the Lardizabalaceae family. Asexual propagation is the main strategy used to maintain excellent agronomic traits. However, the generation of adventitious roots during asexual propagation is very difficult. To study the important role of the WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) transcription factor in adventitious root growth and development, we characterized this transcription factor family in the whole genome of A. trifoliata. A total of 10 AktWOXs were identified, with the following characteristics: length (657~11,328 bp), exon number (2~5), isoelectric point (5.65~9.03), amino acid number (176~361 AA) and molecular weight (20.500~40.173 kDa), and their corresponding expression sequence could also be detectable in the public transcriptomic data for A. trifoliata fruit. A total of 10 AktWOXs were classified into modern (6), intermediate (2) and ancient clades (2) and all AktWOXs had undergone strong purifying selection during evolution. The expression profile of AktWOXs during A. trifoliata adventitious root formation indicated that AktWOXs play an important role in the regulation of adventitious root development. Overall, this is the first study to identify and characterize the WOX family in A. trifoliata and will be helpful for further research on A. trifoliata adventitious root formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Peigao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding at Sichuan Agricultural University of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.C.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.); (C.C.); (T.R.); (F.T.)
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Yuan Z, Li M, Rahhal O. The effect of Jiaweidaochi powder on Th1/Th2 in rats with recurrent aphthous ulcer. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 156:105828. [PMID: 37890261 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the effect of Jiaweidaochi powder on the Th1/Th2 ratio in rats with recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU). DESIGN 40 Sprague-Dawley rats were included in this study, randomly divided into a control group, a model group, and three treatment groups (0.5 g/ ml, 1 g/ml, 2 g/ml Jiaweidaochi powder). The RAU model of rats was established by autoantigen injection. The effects of Jiaweidaochi powder on the expression of INFG, IL-4, TBX21, and GATA3 mRNA were detected by real-time PCR. The expression of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IFN-γ/IL-4 proteins in oral ulcer tissue and serum of rats were analyzed by Western blot and ELISA, respectively. The proportion of Th1 cells and Th2 cells in RAU rats was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Jiaweidaochi powder reduced the number, diameter, and duration of oral ulcers in RAU rats. Real-time PCR showed that middle and high-dose Jiaweidaochi powder decreased the expression of INFG TBX21 mRNA and increased the expression of IL-4 and GATA3 mRNA in the oral tissue of RAU rats. ELISA and western blot confirmed that the expression of IFN-γ protein was significantly decreased, and the level of IL-4 protein was increased both in oral tissue and serum of RAU rats treated with middle or high doses of Jiaweidaochi powder. Flow cytometry found that the Jiaweidaochi powder decreased the proportion of Th1 cells and increased the proportion of Th2 cells in RAU rats. CONCLUSION This study found that Jiaweidaochi powder promoted the balance of Th1/Th2 in RAU rats, contributing to the healing of RAU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenying Yuan
- Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Ming Li
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China.
| | - Omar Rahhal
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
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Sun Y, Hu Y, Hu D, Xiao Z, Wang H, Huang J, Mao J. Microbiota regulation by different Akebia trifoliata fruit juices upon human fecal fermentation in vitro. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:2093-2104. [PMID: 37860745 PMCID: PMC10581979 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Three different Akebia trifoliata fruit juices were prepared, and their effects on modulation of human fecal microbiota were elucidated through an anaerobic fermentation in vitro. Results indicated that the introduction of inoculatedly-fermented Akebia trifoliata fruit juice promoted short-chain fatty acids productivity. Fecal microbiota analysis demonstrated up-regulations for abundances of Limosilactobacillus, Megamonas, Bifidobacterium, and Escherichia_Shigella, and down-regulations for numbers of Bacteroides, Prevotella_9, Parasutterella, and Sutterella. Correlation analysis confirmed relationships among sample components, short-chain fatty acids productivity, and microbial abundances, suggesting that sugars and organic acids stimulated growth of Actinobacteriota and suppressed proliferation of Proteobacteria, thus uncovering the underlying mechanism for the better ability of inoculatedly-fermented Akebia trifoliata fruit juice to regulate microbiota structure. Besides, clusters of orthologous groups of proteins analysis indicated that metabolite biosynthesis, energy metabolism, homeostasis maintenance and other physiological functions were ameliorated. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01308-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Products, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023 China
| | - Yaru Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Products, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023 China
| | - Danqi Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Products, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023 China
| | - Zhuqian Xiao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Products, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023 China
| | - Hongpeng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Products, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023 China
| | - Jun Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Products, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023 China
| | - Jianwei Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Products, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023 China
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Zou SY, Feng C, Gao PX, Li TJ, Jia TJ, Huang H. Germplasm resources and genetic improvement of Akebia: A new fruit crop in China. PLANT DIVERSITY 2023; 45:712-721. [PMID: 38197008 PMCID: PMC10772107 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Akebia species, belonging to Lardizabalaceae, are widespread from subtropical to temperate environments of China, Japan, and Korea. All known Akebia species have medicinal and dietary value and have been widely cultivated as a new fruit crop in many areas of China. However, compared with other crop species, the breeding improvement and commercial cultivation of Akebia remain in their infancy. This review systematically introduces the present germplasm resources, geographical distribution, biological characteristics, interspecific and intraspecific cross compatibility, molecular biology, and breeding progress in Akebia species. Akebia plants are widely distributed in Shanxi, Henan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, and Fujian provinces of China, and wild Akebia plants exhibit abundant phenotypic and genetic diversity due to their wide range of geographical distribution and high adaptability in different habitats. Interspecific artificial hybridization experiments have been conducted in our Akebia germplasm resources nursery. The results showed that there was no reproductive isolation between Akebia species, and fertile progeny could be produced. The synthesis of knowledge on these species provides insights for the rational development and utilization of these germplasm resources, and can facilitate the development of new breeding lines or varieties for commercial cultivation or production. Finally, perspectives on Akebia breeding research are discussed and conclusions are provided. This review provided breeders with new insights into Akebia domestication and breeding, and we also proposed five basic steps in the domestication of new fruit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Yu Zou
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China
| | - Chen Feng
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China
| | - Pu-Xin Gao
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China
| | - Tong-Jian Li
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Jia
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China
| | - Hongwen Huang
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Wu BX, Ma LN, Xia N, Wang H, Cao GX. Pollinator probing preference and switching mode-mediated self-interference within a monoecious plant significantly reduced reproductive fitness. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1243764. [PMID: 37881614 PMCID: PMC10597638 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1243764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Monoecy is usually interpreted as an important evolutionary route of the plant sexual system from hermaphroditism to dioecy. This floral mechanism can effectively reduce self-interference during the reproductive process, and the services provided by pollinators may play an essential role in monoecious species; however, relevant research is still lacking. Thus, we aimed to determine whether monoecious plants could effectively avoid self-interference and promote the evolution of monoecy under the service of pollinators. Methods Here, we successfully performed manipulation experiments to test self-compatibility, pollinator behavior, and self-interference between male and female functions in Akebia trifoliata, a typical monoecious species. Results We demonstrated that experimental self-pollination did not yield any fruit, and supplemental pollination significantly increased fruit set and fruit weight compared to natural pollination, suggesting that this species is completely self-incompatible and experiences strong pollen limitation. Simultaneous self- and cross-pollination and self-pollination prior to cross-pollination significantly reduced reproductive fitness, but self-pollination after cross-pollination did not, indicating self-interference in this plant. Moreover, both male flower probing preference and switching modes within inflorescences by pollinators successfully reinforced self-interference and were also responsible for decreasing reproductive fitness in A. trifoliata. Discussion In summary, pollinator-mediated self-interference significantly reduced selfing, providing potential dynamics for the maintenance and evolution of monoecy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Xian Wu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Na Ma
- Langzhong Natural Resources and Planning Bureau, Langzhong, China
| | - Nan Xia
- Langzhong Agricultural Bureau, Langzhong, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Life Science, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Guo-Xing Cao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Qiu J, Shi M, Shi S, Wu S. Pharmacognostic standardization and machine learning-based investigations on Akebia quinata and Akebia trifoliata. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5700. [PMID: 37429816 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Currently, Akebiae Caulis is being used in clinical practice, but there are few reseaches on its different varieties. To ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of clinical practice, this study distinguished the Akebia quinata (Thunb.) Decne. and Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz, using organoleptic evaluation, microscopic observation, fluorescence reaction, physicochemical properties, thin-layer chromatography, IR spectroscopy, HPLC, four machine learning models, and in vitro antioxidant methods. Analysis of the powders of these two varieties using optical microscopy revealed the presence of starch granules, cork cells, crystal fibers, scalariform vessels, and wood fibers. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of scalariform vessels, pitted vessels, wood fibers, and calcium oxalate crystals. Several tissues, including the cork layer, fiber population, cortex, phloem, pith, xylem, and ray, were found in the transverse section. In addition, thin-layer chromatography was used to identify two components: oleanolic acid and calceolarioside B; 11 common peaks were identified in 15 batches of SAQ and 5 batches of SAT by using HPLC. Support vector machine, BP neural networks, and GA-bp neural networks were able to predict 100% accurately of the different origins of stem of Akebia quinate (Thunb.) Decne (SAQ) and Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz (SAT). Extreme learning machine achieved a correct rate of 87.5%. Meanwhile, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy fingerprint identified nine characteristic absorption peaks of the secondary metabolites of SAQ and SAT. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-1-picrylhydrazyl experiment revealed that the IC50 values of SAQ and SAT extracts were 155.49 and 128.75 μg/ml, respectively. For the 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assay, the IC50 value of SAT extract was found to be 269.24 μg/ml, which was lower than that of SAQ extract (IC50 = 358.99 μg/ml). This study successfully used different methods to differentiate between A. quinata (Thunb.) Decne. and A. trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz., to help decide on which type to use for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Menglin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Senlin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Suxiang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Li Y, Wang J, Li L, Song W, Li M, Hua X, Wang Y, Yuan J, Xue Z. Natural products of pentacyclic triterpenoids: from discovery to heterologous biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1303-1353. [PMID: 36454108 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00063f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2022Pentacyclic triterpenoids are important natural bioactive substances that are widely present in plants and fungi. They have significant medicinal efficacy, play an important role in reducing blood glucose and protecting the liver, and have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-fatigue, anti-viral, and anti-cancer activities. Pentacyclic triterpenoids are derived from the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway, which generates common precursors of triterpenes and steroids, followed by cyclization with oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs) and decoration via cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP450s) and glycosyltransferases (GTs). Many biosynthetic pathways of triterpenoid saponins have been elucidated by studying their metabolic regulation network through the use of multiomics and identifying their functional genes. Unfortunately, natural resources of pentacyclic triterpenoids are limited due to their low content in plant tissues and the long growth cycle of plants. Based on the understanding of their biosynthetic pathway and transcriptional regulation, plant bioreactors and microbial cell factories are emerging as alternative means for the synthesis of desired triterpenoid saponins. The rapid development of synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, and fermentation technology has broadened channels for the accumulation of pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins. In this review, we summarize the classification, distribution, structural characteristics, and bioactivity of pentacyclic triterpenoids. We further discuss the biosynthetic pathways of pentacyclic triterpenoids and involved transcriptional regulation. Moreover, the recent progress and characteristics of heterologous biosynthesis in plants and microbial cell factories are discussed comparatively. Finally, we propose potential strategies to improve the accumulation of triterpenoid saponins, thereby providing a guide for their future biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Li
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China.
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Linyong Li
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China.
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Wenhui Song
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China.
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Min Li
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China.
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xin Hua
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China.
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China.
| | - Jifeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Zheyong Xue
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China.
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
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11
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Zhang W, Huang Q, Kang Y, Li H, Tan G. Which Factors Influence Healthy Aging? A Lesson from the Longevity Village of Bama in China. Aging Dis 2023; 14:825-839. [PMID: 37191421 PMCID: PMC10187713 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing aging population is associated with increasing incidences of aging-related diseases and socioeconomic burdens. Hence, research into healthy longevity and aging is urgently needed. Longevity is an important phenomenon in healthy aging. The present review summarizes the characteristics of longevity in the elderly population in Bama, China, where the proportion of centenarians is 5.7-fold greater than the international standard. We examined the impact of genetic and environmental factors on longevity from multiple perspectives. We proposed that the phenomenon of longevity in this region is of high value for future investigations in healthy aging and aging-related disease and may provide guidance for fostering the establishment and maintenance of a healthy aging society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neuroscience and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Brain Function and Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- China-ASEAN Research Center for Innovation and Development in Brain Science, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Qingyun Huang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neuroscience and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Brain Function and Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- China-ASEAN Research Center for Innovation and Development in Brain Science, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yongxin Kang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neuroscience and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Brain Function and Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- China-ASEAN Research Center for Innovation and Development in Brain Science, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neuroscience and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Brain Function and Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- China-ASEAN Research Center for Innovation and Development in Brain Science, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Guohe Tan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neuroscience and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Brain Function and Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- China-ASEAN Research Center for Innovation and Development in Brain Science, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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12
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Kawaguchi K, Watanabe M, Furukawa S, Koga K, Kanamori H, Ikemoto MJ, Takashima S, Maeda M, Oh-Hashi K, Hirata Y, Furuta K, Takemori H. Intermittent inhibition of FYVE finger-containing phosphoinositide kinase induces melanosome degradation in B16F10 melanoma cells. Mol Biol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11033-023-08536-9. [PMID: 37248430 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08536-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanosomes are lysosome-related organelles that contain melanogenic factors and synthesize melanin as they mature. FYVE finger-containing phosphoinositide kinase (PIKfyve) regulates late endosome and lysosome morphology, vesicle trafficking, and autophagy. In melanocytes, PIKfyve inhibition has been reported to induce hypopigmentation due to impairments in the metabolism of early-stage melanosomes. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we report a new type of melanosome metabolism: post-PIKfyve inhibition, which was found during the characterization of the endosome/lysosome fluoroprobe GIF-2250. In B16F10 mouse melanoma cells, GIF-2250 highlighted vesicles positive for lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (lysosome marker) and other endosome/lysosome markers (CD63 and Rab7/9). When cells were continuously treated with PIKfyve inhibitors, intracellular vacuoles formed, while GIF-2250 fluorescence signals diminished and were diffusely distributed in the vacuoles. After removal of the PIKfyve inhibitors, the GIF-2250 signal intensity was restored, and some GIF-2250-positive vesicles wrapped the melanosomes, which spun at high speed. In addition, intermittent PIKfyve inhibition caused melanin diffusion in the vacuoles and possible leakage into the cytoplasmic compartments, and melanosome degradation was detected by a transmission electron microscope. Melanosome degradation was accompanied by decreased levels of melanin synthesis enzymes and increased levels of the autophagosome maker LC3BII, which is also associated with early melanosomes. However, the protein levels of p62, which is degraded during autophagy, were increased, suggesting an impairment in autophagy flux during intermittent PIKfyve inhibition. Moreover, the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine does not affect these protein levels, suggesting that the melanosome degradation by the intermittent inhibition of PIKfyve is not mediated by canonical autophagy. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, disturbance of PIKfyve activity induces melanosome degradation in a canonical autophagy-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoka Kawaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Miyu Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Saho Furukawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kenichi Koga
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Kanamori
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Mitsushi J Ikemoto
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8566, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, 274-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Shigeo Takashima
- Institute for Glycocore Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences of Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Miwa Maeda
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kentaro Oh-Hashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences of Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yoko Hirata
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences of Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kyoji Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences of Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takemori
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
- The United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences of Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
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Nikolaichuk H, Choma IM, Morlock GE. Effect-Directed Profiling of Akebia quinata and Clitoria ternatea via High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography, Planar Assays and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072893. [PMID: 37049655 PMCID: PMC10096148 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Two herbal plants, Akebia quinata D. leaf/fruit and Clitoria ternatea L. flower, well-known in traditional medicine systems, were investigated using a non-target effect-directed profiling. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) was combined with 11 different effect-directed assays, including two multiplex bioassays, for assessing their bioactivity. Individual active zones were heart-cut eluted for separation via an orthogonal high-performance liquid chromatography column to heated electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HESI-HRMS) for tentative assignment of molecular formulas according to literature data. The obtained effect-directed profiles provided information on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging, antibacterial (against Bacillus subtilis and Aliivibrio fischeri), enzyme inhibition (tyrosinase, α-amylase, β-glucuronidase, butyrylcholinesterase, and acetylcholinesterase), endocrine (agonists and antagonists), and genotoxic (SOS-Umu-C) activities. The main bioactive compound zones in A. quinata leaf were tentatively assigned to be syringin, vanilloloside, salidroside, α-hederin, cuneataside E, botulin, and oleanolic acid, while salidroside and quinatic acids were tentatively identified in the fruit. Taraxerol, kaempherol-3-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-glucoside, quercetin-3-rutinoside, and octadecenoic acid were tentatively found in the C. ternatea flower. This straightforward hyphenated technique made it possible to correlate the biological properties of the herbs with possible compounds. The meaningful bioactivity profiles contribute to a better understanding of the effects and to more efficient food control and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Nikolaichuk
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Department of Chromatography, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20031 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biomedicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego St. 8b, 20090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Irena M Choma
- Department of Chromatography, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Gertrud E Morlock
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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14
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Liu X, Wang K, Cai G, Li H, Guo Y, Gong J. Comparative chemical diversity and antioxidant activities of three species of Akebia herbal medicines. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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15
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Lee SG, Lee E, Chae J, Kim JS, Lee HS, Lim YM, So JH, Hahn D, Nam JO. Bioconverted Fruit Extract of Akebia Quinata Exhibits Anti-Obesity Effects in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214683. [PMID: 36364945 PMCID: PMC9656223 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Akebia quinata, commonly called chocolate vine, has various bioactivities, including antioxidant and anti-obesity properties. However, the anti-obesity effects of bioconverted extracts of A. quinate have not been examined. In this study, A. quinata fruit extracts was bioconverted using the enzyme isolated from the soybean paste fungi Aspergillus kawachii. To determine whether the bioconversion process could influence the anti-obesity effects of A. quinata fruit extracts, we employed 3T3-L1 adipocytes and HFD-induced obese rats. We observed that the bioconverted fruit extract of A. quinata (BFE) afforded anti-obesity effects, which were stronger than that for the non-bioconverted fruit extract (FE) of A. quinata. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, treatment with BFE at concentrations of 20 and 40 μg reduced intracellular lipids by 74.8 (p < 0.05) and 54.9% (p < 0.01), respectively, without inducing cytotoxicity in preadipocytes. Moreover, the oral administration of BFE at the concentration of 300 mg/kg/day significantly reduced body and adipose tissue weights (p < 0.01) in HFD-induced obese rats. Plasma cholesterol values were reduced, whereas HDL was increased in BFE receiving rats. Although FE could exert anti-obesity effects, BFE supplementation induced more robust effects than FE. These results could be attributed to the bioconversion-induced alteration of bioactive compound content within the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Gi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Eunbi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jongbeom Chae
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jin Soo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Han-Saem Lee
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan-si 38540, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Lim
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan-si 38540, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
| | - Jai-Hyun So
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan-si 38540, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
| | - Dongyup Hahn
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41404, Korea
| | - Ju-Ock Nam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Research Institute of Tailored Food Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-7760
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16
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Chen W, Yang H, Zhong S, Zhu J, Zhang Q, Li Z, Ren T, Tan F, Shen J, Li Q, Luo P. Expression Profiles of Microsatellites in Fruit Tissues of Akebia trifoliata and Development of Efficient EST-SSR Markers. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081451. [PMID: 36011362 PMCID: PMC9408125 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Akebia trifoliata, a member of the family Lardizabalaceae, has high exploitation potential for multiple economic purposes, so genetic improvements to meet requirements for commercial demand are needed. However, this progress is largely impeded by a lack of effective selection markers. In this study, we obtained 271.49 Gb of clean transcriptomic data from 12 samples (three tissues at four developmental stages) of A. trifoliata fruit. We identified 175,604, 194,370, and 207,906 SSRs from the de novo assembled 416,363, 463,756, and 491,680 unigene sequences obtained from the flesh, seed, and rind tissues, respectively. The profile and proportion of SSR motifs expressed in each fruit tissue and developmental stage were remarkably similar, but many trinucleotide repeats had differential expression levels among different tissues or at different developmental stages. In addition, we successfully designed 16,869 functional EST-SSR primers according to the annotated unigenes. Finally, 94 and 72 primer pairs out of 100 randomly selected primer pairs produced clear bands and polymorphic bands, respectively. These results were also used to elucidate the expression profiles of different tissues at various stages. Additionally, we provided a set of effective, polymorphic, and reliable EST-SSR markers sufficient for accelerating the discovery of metabolic and pathway-specific functional genes for genetic improvement and increased commercial productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shengfu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiuyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tianheng Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Feiquan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jinliang Shen
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Chongqing Industry and Trade Polytechnic, Chongqing 408000, China
| | - Peigao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence:
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Huang P, Zang F, Li C, Lin F, Zang D, Li B, Zheng Y. The Akebia Genus as a Novel Forest Crop: A Review of Its Genetic Resources, Nutritional Components, Biosynthesis, and Biological Studies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:936571. [PMID: 35958221 PMCID: PMC9360799 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.936571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The genus Akebia belongs to the Lardizabalaceae family and comprises five species that are primarily distributed in East Asia. Plants of the Akebia genus comprise deciduous and semi-evergreen perennial twining vines that have been used in Chinese herbal medicine for at least 2000 years. The plants of this genus have the potential to form a novel forest crop with high nutritional and economic value because their fruit has a delicious sweet taste and rich nutrient components. In this study, we organized, analyzed, and evaluated the available published scientific literature on the botanical, ecological, and phytochemical characteristics of Akebia plants. Based on these studies, we briefly introduced botanical and ecological characteristics and focused on reviewing the development and utilization of wild genetic resources in the genus Akebia. We further explored the genus' rich nutritional components, such as triterpenes, flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, and fatty acids, and their potential use in food and health improvement applications. In addition, several papers describing advances in biotechnological research focusing on micropropagation, nutrient biosynthesis, and fruit ripeness were also included. This review provides comprehensive knowledge of the Akebia genus as a new forest crop for food and fruit utilization, and we also discuss future breeding and research prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Tree Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqi Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Tree Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Changhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Tree Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Furong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Tree Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Dekui Zang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Tree Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Tree Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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Phenolic Profile and Fingerprint Analysis of Akebia quinata Leaves Extract with Endothelial Protective Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144636. [PMID: 35889504 PMCID: PMC9316754 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the stem and fruit of Akebia quinata, A. quinata leaves as a source rich in phenolic compounds with potentially beneficial pharmacological activities have been largely overlooked. To develop and use A. quinata leaves as a resource, we evaluated its potential as a cardiovascular-protective agent. Herein, we investigated the effects and potential mechanisms of A. quinata leaves extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We found that A. quinata leaves extract pretreatment of 10 μg/mL significantly attenuated LPS-induced protein expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Furthermore, this extract also suppressed LPS-induced phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB p65. In order to elucidate the chemical profiles of the samples, the HPLC fingerprint was established, and prominent peaks were identified via HPLC–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry. Multivariate statistical analyses, including hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and partial least-squares discriminant analysis, were performed to evaluate the clustering of the samples. It was found that isochlorogenic acid C was a key marker for the classification of A. quinata leaves from the Gongju and Muju city in Korea. Collectively, this study not only suggested the potential of A. quinata leaves as a novel therapeutic candidate for inflammatory cardiovascular disease but also developed a quality control method for A. quinata leaves, which could help to expand the application of A. quinata.
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Metabolomic Profile and Antibacterial Bioactivity of Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz Pericarp Extract. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10071394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Akebia trifoliata (A. trifoliata) is a significant medicinal and edible fruit crop and has some important bioactivities. However, there are few studies on the bacteriostatic activity of A. trifoliata, and the underlying mechanism of A. trifoliata for antibacterial activity is still unknown. Therefore, the bacteriostatic activity and antibacterial mechanism of A. trifoliata were investigated by a combination of chemical assays, using the UHPLC-TOF-MS/MS technique. The results indicated that alkaloids, triterpenoids, and flavonoids are the major secondary bioactive compounds in A. trifoliata that play a crucial role in antibacterial activity. We found that EEPA exhibited both bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects against all Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested, with IZDs ranging from 13.80 ± 0.79 to 17.00 ± 0.58 mm. Significant differences in terms of sensitivity between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were not observed. In contrast, both antibiotics (kanamycin sulfate and ampicillin sodium salt) exhibited much better antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, the primary antimicrobial mechanism was that EEPA increased cellular content leakage, altered the cell morphology, and destroyed the internal cell structure. Meanwhile, MA, UA, and OA, as the common triterpenoid components existing in plants, were used to analyze the relationships between the structures and the antimicrobial activities among homologous compounds, to determine the key functional group that plays an antibacterial role in MA, UA, and OA. As result, it was found that both the hydroxide and methyl groups present are important for their antibacterial activity. These findings suggested that EEPA exerted significant antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis, and P. aeruginosa and might be a potential natural antibacterial.
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Mining Therapeutic Efficacy from Treasure Chest of Biodiversity and Chemodiversity: Pharmacophylogeny of Ranunculales Medicinal Plants. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 28:1111-1126. [PMID: 35809180 PMCID: PMC9282152 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ranunculales, comprising of 7 families that are rich in medicinal species frequently utilized by traditional medicine and ethnomedicine, represents a treasure chest of biodiversity and chemodiversity. The phylogenetically related species often have similar chemical profile, which makes them often possess similar therapeutic spectrum. This has been validated by both ethnomedicinal experiences and pharmacological investigations. This paper summarizes molecular phylogeny, chemical constituents, and therapeutic applications of Ranunculales, i.e., a pharmacophylogeny study of this representative medicinal order. The phytochemistry/metabolome, ethnomedicine and bioactivity/pharmacology data are incorporated within the phylogenetic framework of Ranunculales. The most studied compounds of this order include benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, saponin and lignan, etc. Bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids are especially abundant in Berberidaceae and Menispermaceae. The most frequent ethnomedicinal uses are arthritis, heat-clearing and detoxification, carbuncle-abscess and sore-toxin. The most studied bioactivities are anticancer/cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities, etc. The pharmacophylogeny analysis, integrated with both traditional and modern medicinal uses, agrees with the molecular phylogeny based on chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences, in which Ranunculales is divided into Ranunculaceae, Berberidaceae, Menispermaceae, Lardizabalaceae, Circaeasteraceae, Papaveraceae, and Eupteleaceae families. Chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of each taxonomic group are reviewed and the underlying connection between phylogeny, chemodiversity and clinical uses is revealed, which facilitate the conservation and sustainable utilization of Ranunculales pharmaceutical resources, as well as developing novel plant-based pharmacotherapy.
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