1
|
Liu X, Ren X, Li R, Deng Q, Li X, He Y, Yao J, Zhang F, Liu W, Sun M, Li M, Ma J, Zheng Y, She G. Integrated pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling and metabolomic research on polyphenol-rich fraction of Thymus quinquecostatus Celak. Alleviating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118229. [PMID: 38670403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Thymus quinquecostatus Celak., a member of thymus genus in Lamiaceae family, has been used as a folk medicine for relieving exterior syndrome and alleviating pain in China. The polyphenol-rich fraction (PRF) derived from Thymus quinquecostatus Celak. had been validated that it can protect cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) by activating Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. AIM OF THIS STUDY To explore effective components and their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics as well as possible mechanisms of PRF in treating CIRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Normal treated group (NTG) and tMCAO model treated group (MTG) rats were administrated PRF intragastrically. The prototype components and metabolites of PRF in plasma and brain were analyzed by the UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MSn method. Subsequently, the pharmacokinetics properties of indicative components were performed based on HPLC-QQQ-MS/MS. SOD and LDH activities were determined to study the pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of PRF. The PK-PD relationship of PRF was constructed. In addition, the effect of PRF on endogenous metabolites in plasma and brain was investigated using metabolomic method. RESULTS Salvianic acid A, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, scutellarin, and apigenin-7-O-glucuronide were selected as indicative components based on metabolic analysis. The non-compartmental parameters were calculated for indicative components in plasma and brain of NTG and MTG rats. Furthermore, single-component and multi-component PK-PD modeling involved Emax, Imax PD models for effect indexes were fitted as well as ANN models were established, which indicated that these components can work together to regulate SOD and LDH activities in plasma and SOD activity in brain tissue to improve CIRI. Additionally, PRF may ameliorate CIRI by regulating the disorder of endogenous metabolites in lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and purine metabolism pathways in vivo, among which lipid metabolism and purine metabolism are closely related to oxidative stress. CONCLUSION The PK-PD properties of effect substances and mechanisms of PRF anti-CIRI were further elaborated. The findings provide a convincing foundation for the application of T. quinquecostatus Celak. in the maintenance of human health disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Xueyang Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Ruiwen Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Qingyue Deng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Xianxian Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Yingyu He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Jianling Yao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Mengyu Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Mingxia Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Jiamu Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Yuan Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Gaimei She
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang J, Yu B, Zheng J. Natural herbal extract roles and mechanisms in treating cerebral ischemia: A systematic review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1424146. [PMID: 39156109 PMCID: PMC11327066 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1424146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke has been the focus of medical research due to its serious consequences and sequelae. Among the tens of millions of new stroke patients every year, cerebral ischemia patients account for the vast majority. While cerebral ischemia drug research and development is still ongoing, most drugs are terminated at preclinical stages due to their unacceptable toxic side effects. In recent years, natural herbs have received considerable attention in the pharmaceutical research and development field due to their low toxicity levels. Numerous studies have shown that natural herbs exert actions that cannot be ignored when treating cerebral ischemia. Methods We reviewed and summarized the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of different natural herbal extracts on cerebral ischemia to promote their application in this field. We used keywords such as "natural herbal extract," "herbal medicine," "Chinese herbal medicine" and "cerebral ischemia" to comprehensively search PubMed, ScienceDirect, ScienceNet, CNKI, and Wanfang databases, after which we conducted a detailed screening and review strategy. Results We included 120 high-quality studies up to 10 January 2024. Natural herbal extracts had significant roles in cerebral ischemia treatments via several molecular mechanisms, such as improving regional blood flow disorders, protecting the blood-brain barrier, and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Conclusion Natural herbal extracts are represented by low toxicity and high curative effects, and will become indispensable therapeutic options in the cerebral ischemia treatment field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu L, Yang YM, Huang Y, Xie HK, Luo Y, Li C, Wang W, Chen Y. Shexiang Tongxin dropping pills protect against ischemic stroke-induced cerebral microvascular dysfunction via suppressing TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117567. [PMID: 38122909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Patients with ischemic stroke (IS) often continue to exhibit cerebral microcirculatory dysfunction even after receiving thrombolytic therapy. Enhancing the function of cerebral microvascular endothelia represents a pivotal advancement in the therapeutic strategy for ischemic microcirculatory disturbances. A traditional Chinese medicinal formulation named Shexiang Tongxin Dropping Pills (STDP), has been clinically employed to ameliorate microcirculatory abnormalities. Existing literature attests to the beneficial role of STDP on endothelial cells (ECs). Nevertheless, specific impacts and underlying mechanisms of STDP in rectifying IS-induced cerebral microvascular dysfunction warrant further exploration. AIM OF THE STUDY This investigation seeks to delineate the effects of STDP on cerebral microvascular endothelial damage induced by ischemic stroke and to elucidate the underlying mechanism involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS Middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) technique was employed to established ischemic stroke model in mice. The therapeutic efficacy of STDP on cerebral microvascular function was assessed through laser speckle contrast imaging, behavioral assays, and histological evaluations. Biochemical markers in the brain tissue, including GSH, SOD, MDA, and ROS, were quantified using specific assay kits. In vitro study, oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) was performed in bEnd.3 cells. The cytoprotective potential of STDP was then evaluated by measuring cell viability, LDH activity, endothelial permeability, and oxidative stress parameters. Important targets in critical pathway were verified by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence both in mice brain slices and bEnd.3 cells. RESULTS STDP decrease brain infarct size, repaired microvascular cerebral blood flow and attenuated neurological deficiency in MCAO/R mice. Moreover, STDP abolished MCAO/R-induced oxidative stress which was reflected by rescuing GSH content, restoration of SOD activity and T-AOC, reduction of MDA and ROS. Ex vivo, STDP increased cerebral microvascular endothelial cells viability, abolished oxidative stress and decreased their permeability after ODG/R. Mechanistically, STDP significantly suppressed endothelial ROS-TXNIP mediated the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION STDP improves ischemic stroke-induced cerebral microcirculatory deficits by regulating cerebral microvascular endothelial ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, School of Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51006, Guangdong, China; Institute of Formula and Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Ming Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, School of Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, The School of Dental Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hong-Kai Xie
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, School of Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Luo
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, School of Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51006, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, School of Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yang Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, School of Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51006, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen C, Feng D, Lu F, Qin J, Dun L, Liao Z, Tao J, Zhou Z. Neuroprotective effects of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells treated by Musk Ketone on ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107628. [PMID: 38342273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ischemic stroke (IS) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. This study aimed to investigate the role of exosomes (Exo) derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) treated with Musk Ketone (Mus treated-Exo) in the development of IS injury. METHODS BMSCs were pretreated with 10 μM Mus for 36 h, and Exo derived from these Mus-treated BMSCs (Mus-treated Exo) were extracted. Rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were administered either 2 mg/kg of control Exo (Ctrl-Exo), 2 mg/kg of Mus treated-Exo, or 10 μM Mus. Neurological deficit and cerebral infarction in the MCAO rats were assessed utilizing neurological scores and TTC staining. Neuronal apoptosis, activation of microglia/macrophages, and inflammation were evaluated through TUNEL staining, immunofluorescence staining, and western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS Our findings revealed that Mus-treated Exo possessed a more pronounced neuroprotective effect on MCAO rats when compared to Ctrl-Exo and Mus treatment alone. Specifically, Mus treated-Exo effectively ameliorated neurological function, reduced the volume of cerebral infarction, and diminished hemispheric swelling in MCAO rats. Moreover, it inhibited neuronal apoptosis and activation of microglia/macrophages, promoted the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 while decreasing the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax, Cleaved-caspase 3, and pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and COX-2. CONCLUSIONS The findings imply that Mus treated-Exo could confer neuroprotection in rats affected by IS, potentially by attenuating apoptosis and neuroinflammation. The underlying mechanisms, however, warrant further investigation. Mus treated-Exo shows potential as a new therapeutic strategy for IS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuilan Chen
- Department of Neurology Laboratory, Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China; Department of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China
| | - Dongshan Feng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China; Department of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China
| | - Jin Qin
- Department of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China
| | - Linglu Dun
- Department of Neurology Laboratory, Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China
| | - Zhongling Liao
- Department of Neurology Laboratory, Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China
| | - Jingrui Tao
- Department of Neurology Laboratory, Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China
| | - Zheyi Zhou
- Department of Neurology Laboratory, Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu Y, Zhang F, Xu P, Li P. Brucine Inhibits Proliferation of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma through PI3K/AKT Pathway-induced Mitochondrial Apoptosis. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:749-759. [PMID: 38310464 DOI: 10.2174/0115680096274284231116104554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this research was to settle the role of brucine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and the mechanisms involved. METHODS The findings of this study suggest that brucine exerts inhibitory effects on cell growth, clonogenicity, and invasive potential of Panc02 and Mia Paca-2 cells. These effects may be linked to an increase in apoptotic-prone cell population. RESULTS Gene sequencing data suggests that these effects are mediated through the induction of apoptosis. Experimental evidence further supports the notion that brucine reduces mitochondrial membrane potential and upregulates Bax expression while downregulating Bcl-2 expression. These effects are believed to be a result of brucine-mediated suppression of PI3K/Akt activity, which serves as a regulatory factor of mTOR, Bax, and Bcl-2. Suppression of PI3K activity enhances the tumor-suppressing effects of brucine. CONCLUSION Overall, these findings suggest that brucine has therapeutic potential as a remedy option for PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You Wu
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fenglin Zhang
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Panling Xu
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ping Li
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|