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Liu J, Chen K, Zou K, He L, Zhao D, Wang Z, Qiu Y, Chen Y. Insights into the roles of membrane pore size and feed foulant concentration in ultrafiltration membrane fouling based on collision-attachment theory. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:516-523. [PMID: 32892420 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Membrane property and feed characteristics play critical roles in membrane fouling. This paper aims to clarify the roles of membrane pore size (φ) and feed foulant concentration (Cb ) in ultrafiltration fouling induced by polysaccharides. The fouling behaviors were expounded by collision-attachment theory, where the rate of membrane fouling is mainly determined by collision frequency (JCb ) and attachment efficiency (γ). At the initial fouling stage, rapid flux decline was observed at large φ or high Cb due to the great JCb and/or γ. At the later fouling stage, there existed a nearly identical maximum stable flux attributing to the same JCb and γ, which was independent of φ and Cb . Moreover, the smaller φ can lead to less foulants passed through the membrane and thus more foulants attaching on the membrane, while the higher Cb can give rise to more foulants on both the membrane surface and in the permeate. The results presented in current study provide fundamental basis in understanding membrane fouling. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Collision-attachment theory was employed to expound the UF fouling behavior. Rapid flux decline occurred at large membrane pore size or high feed foulant concentration in the initial fouling stage. Membranes with different pore size or feed foulant concentration had an identical flux at the latter fouling stage. Lowering membrane pore size or increasing feed foulant concentration can lead to more foulants attaching on the membrane surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Liu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Chen
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangbing Zou
- Guangzhou Water Affairs Engineering Co., LTD., Guangzhou, China
| | - Linjuan He
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhao
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongting Qiu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiliang Chen
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Correlation of chemically irreversible fouling with organic constituents of feed water during membrane filtration. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Sandwich Nylon/stainless-steel/WO3 membrane for the photoelectrocatalytic removal of Reactive Red 120 dye applied in a flow reactor. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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4
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Guo H, Tang X, Ganschow G, Korshin GV. Differential ATR FTIR spectroscopy of membrane fouling: Contributions of the substrate/fouling films and correlations with transmembrane pressure. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 161:27-34. [PMID: 31170670 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the formation of fouling films deposited on the surface of a polyethersulfone (PES) membrane during the filtration of alginate solutions with various ionic strengths. Membrane fouling was characterized by changes of the transmembrane pressure (TMP) and ex situ measured attenuated total reflectance (ATR) Fourier-transform IR (FTIR) spectra at varying stages of filtration runs. The ATR spectra that comprise the vibration bands characteristic of the PES substrate and the deposited film were processed taking into the gradual weakening of the PES substrate-specific bands, whose intensity was shown to depend on the wavenumber of IR radiation and the thickness of the deposited layer. Strongly linear correlations between ratios of first derivatives intensity and wavenumbers of the PES reference lines were established. Calculations of the PES bands' attenuation coefficients allowed determining the apparent thickness and ATR FTIR vibrations of the fouling films per se. Strong correlations between TMP development and ATR-determined apparent thickness of the fouling layers were observed. The intensity of ATR absorbance at 3200 cm-1 was linearly correlated with TMP development for small TMP values before the point of rapidly developing failure of the hydraulic permeability of the system was reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguang Guo
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, WA, United States; Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Xinyu Tang
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Gilbert Ganschow
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Gregory V Korshin
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, WA, United States
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Yin W, Li X, Suwarno SR, Cornelissen ER, Chong TH. Fouling behavior of isolated dissolved organic fractions from seawater in reverse osmosis (RO) desalination process. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 159:385-396. [PMID: 31121406 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organic fouling is still elusive in seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination process. Classifying organics in seawater will provide an in-depth understanding of the important fraction on RO fouling. In this study, dissolved organic matter (DOM) in seawater was fractionated and concentrated by membrane technique into three major fractions (i.e., biopolymer fraction, humic substance with building block fraction, and low molecular weight fraction) by their molecular weight (MW) according to the definitions in liquid chromatography with organic carbon detection (LC-OCD) method. Overall recovery of >80% was attained. The isolated organic fractions were compared with common model foulants such as sodium alginate (SA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and humic acid (HA), in terms of chemical analyses using fluorescence-excitation emission matrix (FEEM) and LC-OCD, as well as their fouling potentials. SWRO fouling experiments were carried out and fouling mechanism was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) method and extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory. Results showed that initial fouling (i.e., foulant-membrane interaction) was the main driver in SWRO organic fouling with biopolymer fraction as the major contributor followed by low molecular weight fraction. In addition, divalent ions was found to enhance the RO fouling by increasing the adhesion and cohesion forces between foulant-membrane and foulant-foulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Yin
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xin Li
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Stanislaus Raditya Suwarno
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | | | - Tzyy Haur Chong
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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6
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Coupling continuous sand filtration to ultrafiltration for drinking water treatment: Improved performance and membrane fouling control. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Virtanen T, Parkkila P, Koivuniemi A, Lahti J, Viitala T, Kallioinen M, Mänttäri M, Bunker A. Characterization of membrane–foulant interactions with novel combination of Raman spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance and molecular dynamics simulation. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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8
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Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Membrane Bioreactor: Novel Processes and Their Major Drawbacks. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10091165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, different types of alternative technologies have been developed and used for palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment. Specifically, membrane bioreactor (MBR) has been employed to relegate pollutants contained in POME under different operating conditions, and the technology was found to be promising. The major challenge impeding the wider application of this technology is membrane fouling, which usually attracts high operating energy and running cost. In this regard, novel methods of mitigating membrane fouling through the treatment processes have been developed. Therefore, this review article specifically focuses on the recent treatment processes of POME using MBR, with particular emphasis on innovative processes conditions such as aerobic, anaerobic, and hybrid processing as well as their performance in relation to fouling minimization. Furthermore, the effects of sonication and thermophilic and mesophilic conditions on membrane blockage were critically reviewed. The types of foulants and fouling mechanism as influenced by different operating conditions were also analyzed censoriously.
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Liu H, Wang L, Yin B, Fu B, Liu H. Deep exploitation of refractory organics in anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor for volatile fatty acids production from sludge fermentation: Performance and effect of protease catalysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 217:478-485. [PMID: 29631237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production from waste activated sludge fermentation could be improved in anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor (ADMBR) by retaining residual organics within the reactor and prolonging their reaction time. However, the accumulation of refractory organics made it operate unstably. Therefore, protease catalysis was adopted to deeply exploit those refractory organics in sludge. By combining with dynamic membrane retention, protease catalysis indeed presented a good performance. VFAs yield was further enhanced by over 40% in ADMBR. Membrane fouling was slightly relieved due to protein and polysaccharide degradations in the sludge of dynamic membrane. It was also interestingly found that not only protease activity of sludge was improved from 5 to 21 U/ml, but also β-GLC activity was enhanced from 13 to 20 μmoL/L/h. Microbial community analysis showed protease addition could reduce bacterial richness and evenness in sludge, and accelerate the growth of polysaccharides-hydrolyzing bacteria, as well as inhibit some proteolytic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou 215011, PR China
| | - Ling Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bo Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bo Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou 215011, PR China
| | - He Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou 215011, PR China.
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Ao L, Liu W, Zhang M, Wang X. Analysis of effect of particles on cake layer compressibility during ultrafiltration of upflow biological activated carbon effluent. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:232-238. [PMID: 29149747 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Three different hollow-fibre ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were applied to treat upflow biological activated carbon (UBAC) effluent to determine the characteristics of membrane biofouling by microorganisms and particles. At the beginning of filtration, the cake layer formed on the membrane was loose and highly compressible, and the trans-membrane pressure (TMP) rapidly increased. When compressed to a certain extent, cake layer with low compressibility was formed by the accumulated particles and resulted in slower TMP increment. Thus, the decreased compressibility of the cake layer formed on the UF membrane during filtration of UBAC effluent led to the rapid increase in TMP at the beginning and slow increment in subsequently. The results were confirmed by filtering Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and kaolinite mixed suspensions with flat-sheet UF membrane. Our findings provide a new insight into membrane biofouling control and may facilitate better membrane application in drinking water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ao
- Department of National Defence Architecture Planning & Environmental Engineering, Logistic Engineering University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Minglu Zhang
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaomao Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Kong FX, Sun GD, Chen JF, Han JD, Guo CM, Tong-Zhang, Lin XF, Xie YF. Desalination and fouling of NF/low pressure RO membrane for shale gas fracturing flowback water treatment. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Ma B, Ding Y, Li W, Hu C, Yang M, Liu H, Qu J. Ultrafiltration membrane fouling induced by humic acid with typical inorganic salts. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 197:793-802. [PMID: 29407843 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe ultrafiltration (UF) membrane fouling is always induced by humic acid (HA). However, little attention has been paid to the influence of inorganic salts, and even the studies related have been limited to only a single kind of salt. In addition, the concentration of the inorganic salts reported in previous studies is much high. Herein, the effect of HA on UF membrane performance was investigated in the presence of typical inorganic salts, with concentrations similar to those in natural waters or actually used in most current water plants. The results showed that membrane performance was influenced little by monovalent inorganic salts (NaCl and KCl), while divalent inorganic salts (CaCl2 and MgCl2) could exacerbate the membrane fouling. For trivalent inorganic salts (AlCl3·6H2O and FeCl3·6H2O), floc adsorption was the dominant HA removing mechanism, and AlCl3·6H2O behaved better than FeCl3·6H2O. Relating to the floc properties, severe membrane fouling occurred with low dosage, while it was mitigated with high dosage. Compared with the trivalent inorganic salts, more severe membrane fouling was caused by divalent inorganic salts. Additionally, little synergistic or inhibitory effect occurred with mixtures of divalent inorganic salts and trivalent inorganic salts. Furthermore, analysis with the classical fouling models showed that cake filtration was the main fouling mechanism with/without inorganic salts. Based on the findings, we believe these different HA behaviors exhibited during coagulation process with inorganic salts will have a large potential application in UF membrane fouling alleviation in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiwen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yanyan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenjiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Shanxi, 710055, China
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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13
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Chen XD, Wang Z, Liu DY, Xiao K, Guan J, Xie YF, Wang XM, Waite TD. Role of adsorption in combined membrane fouling by biopolymers coexisting with inorganic particles. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 191:226-234. [PMID: 29035794 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted in order to obtain a better understanding of the combined fouling by biopolymers coexisting with inorganic particles from the aspects of fouling index, fouling layer structure and biopolymer-particle interactions. Calcium alginate was used as the model biopolymer and Fe2O3, Al2O3, kaolin, and SiO2 were used as model inorganic particles. Results showed that the combined fouling differed greatly among the four types of inorganic particles. The differences were attributed particularly to the different adsorption capacities for calcium alginate by the particles with this capacity decreasing in the order of Fe2O3, Al2O3, kaolin and SiO2. Particle size measurement and electron microscopic observation indicated the formation of agglomerates between calcium alginate and those inorganic particles exhibiting strong adsorption capacity. A structure was proposed for the combined fouling layer comprised of a backbone cake layer of alginate-inorganic particle agglomerates with the pores partially filled with discontinuous calcium alginate gels. The filterability of the fouling layer was primarily determined by the abundance of the gels. The strength of physical interaction between calcium alginate and each type of inorganic particle was calculated from the respective surface energies and zeta potentials. Calculation results showed that the extent of physical interaction increased in the order of Al2O3, Fe2O3, kaolin and SiO2, with this order differing from that of adsorption capacity. Chemical interactions may also play an important role in the adsorption of alginate and the consequent combined fouling. High-resolution XPS scans revealed a slight shift of electron binding energies when alginate was adsorbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-di Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dan-Yang Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Guan
- Beijing Origin Water Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuefeng F Xie
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Mao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - T David Waite
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Recycling of activated carbon filter backwash water using ultrafiltration: Membrane fouling caused by different dominant interfacial forces. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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