1
|
Niu Y, Chen L, Wu T. Recent Advances in Bioengineering Bone Revascularization Based on Composite Materials Comprising Hydroxyapatite. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12492. [PMID: 37569875 PMCID: PMC10419613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural healing process of bone is impaired in the presence of tumors, trauma, or inflammation, necessitating external assistance for bone regeneration. The limitations of autologous/allogeneic bone grafting are still being discovered as research progresses. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is now a crucial component of treating bone injuries and actively works to promote vascularization, a crucial stage in bone repair. A biomaterial with hydroxyapatite (HA), which resembles the mineral makeup of invertebrate bones and teeth, has demonstrated high osteoconductivity, bioactivity, and biocompatibility. However, due to its brittleness and porosity, which restrict its application, scientists have been prompted to explore ways to improve its properties by mixing it with other materials, modifying its structural composition, improving fabrication techniques and growth factor loading, and co-cultivating bone regrowth cells to stimulate vascularization. This review scrutinizes the latest five-year research on HA composite studies aimed at amplifying vascularization in bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Tianfu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng Y, Cölfen H, Xiong R. Organized mineralized cellulose nanostructures for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2023. [PMID: 36892529 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02611b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is the most abundant naturally-occurring polymer, and possesses a one-dimensional (1D) anisotropic crystalline nanostructure with outstanding mechanical robustness, biocompatibility, renewability and rich surface chemistry in the form of nanocellulose in nature. Such features make cellulose an ideal bio-template for directing the bio-inspired mineralization of inorganic components into hierarchical nanostructures that are promising in biomedical applications. In this review, we will summarize the chemistry and nanostructure characteristics of cellulose and discuss how these favorable characteristics regulate the bio-inspired mineralization process for manufacturing the desired nanostructured bio-composites. We will focus on uncovering the design and manipulation principles of local chemical compositions/constituents and structural arrangement, distribution, dimensions, nanoconfinement and alignment of bio-inspired mineralization over multiple length-scales. In the end, we will underline how these cellulose biomineralized composites benefit biomedical applications. It is expected that this deep understanding of design and fabrication principles will enable construction of outstanding structural and functional cellulose/inorganic composites for more challenging biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhuizhi Feng
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Rui Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Design Strategies and Biomimetic Approaches for Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Regeneration. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7030112. [PMID: 35997432 PMCID: PMC9397031 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7030112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a complex biologic tissue, which is extremely relevant for various physiological functions, in addition to movement, organ protection, and weight bearing. The repair of critical size bone defects is a still unmet clinical need, and over the past decades, material scientists have been expending efforts to find effective technological solutions, based on the use of scaffolds. In this context, biomimetics which is intended as the ability of a scaffold to reproduce compositional and structural features of the host tissues, is increasingly considered as a guide for this purpose. However, the achievement of implants that mimic the very complex bone composition, multi-scale structure, and mechanics is still an open challenge. Indeed, despite the fact that calcium phosphates are widely recognized as elective biomaterials to fabricate regenerative bone scaffolds, their processing into 3D devices with suitable cell-instructing features is still prevented by insurmountable drawbacks. With respect to biomaterials science, new approaches maybe conceived to gain ground and promise for a substantial leap forward in this field. The present review provides an overview of physicochemical and structural features of bone tissue that are responsible for its biologic behavior. Moreover, relevant and recent technological approaches, also inspired by natural processes and structures, are described, which can be considered as a leverage for future development of next generation bioactive medical devices.
Collapse
|
4
|
Salerno E, Orlandi G, Ongaro C, d’Adamo A, Ruffini A, Carnevale G, Zardin B, Bertacchini J, Angeli D. Liquid flow in scaffold derived from natural source: experimental observations and biological outcome. Regen Biomater 2022; 9:rbac034. [PMID: 35747746 PMCID: PMC9211004 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the biological effects on a 3D scaffold based on hydroxyapatite cultured with MC3T3 osteoblasts in response to flow-induced shear stress (FSS). The scaffold adopted here (B-HA) derives from the biomorphic transformation of natural wood and its peculiar channel geometry mimics the porous structure of the bone. From the point of view of fluid dynamics, B-HA can be considered a network of micro-channels, intrinsically offering the advantages of a microfluidic system. This work, for the first time, offers a description of the fluid dynamic properties of the B-HA scaffold, which are strongly connected to its morphology. These features are necessary to determine the FSS ranges to be applied during in vitro studies to get physiologically relevant conditions. The selected ranges of FSS promoted the elongation of the attached cells along the flow direction and early osteogenic cell differentiation. These data confirmed the ability of B-HA to promote the differentiation process along osteogenic lineage. Hence, such a bioactive and naturally derived scaffold can be considered as a promising tool for bone regeneration applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Salerno
- CNR-NANO S3 Research Center on nanoStructures and bioSystems at Surfaces , via Campi 213/A, Modena, I-41125, Italy
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, , Via Amendola 2, Reggio Emilia, 42122, Italy
| | - Giulia Orlandi
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, , Via del Pozzo 71, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Claudio Ongaro
- DIEF-Engineering Department “Enzo Ferrari” , Via Pietro Vivarelli 10, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Alessandro d’Adamo
- DIEF-Engineering Department “Enzo Ferrari” , Via Pietro Vivarelli 10, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Andrea Ruffini
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), , Via Granarolo 64, Faenza, 48018, Italy
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, , Via del Pozzo 71, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Barbara Zardin
- DIEF-Engineering Department “Enzo Ferrari” , Via Pietro Vivarelli 10, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Jessika Bertacchini
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, , Via del Pozzo 71, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Diego Angeli
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, , Via Amendola 2, Reggio Emilia, 42122, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Evaluation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) Functions on a Biomorphic Rattan-Wood-Derived Scaffold: A Comparison between Cultured and Uncultured MSCs. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 9:bioengineering9010001. [PMID: 35049710 PMCID: PMC8773042 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The reconstruction of large bone defects requires the use of biocompatible osteoconductive scaffolds. These scaffolds are often loaded with the patient’s own bone marrow (BM) cells to facilitate osteoinductivity and biological potency. Scaffolds that are naturally sourced and fabricated through biomorphic transitions of rattan wood (B-HA scaffolds) offer a unique advantage of higher mechanical strength and bioactivity. In this study, we investigated the ability of a biomorphic B-HA scaffold (B-HA) to support the attachment, survival and gene expression profile of human uncultured BM-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs, n = 6) and culture expanded MSCs (cMSCs, n = 7) in comparison to a sintered, porous HA scaffold (S-HA). B-HA scaffolds supported BMSC attachment (average 98%) and their survival up to 4 weeks in culture. Flow cytometry confirmed the phenotype of cMSCs on the scaffolds. Gene expression indicated clear segregation between cMSCs and BMSCs with MSC osteogenesis- and adipogenesis-related genes including RUNX2, PPARγ, ALP and FABP4 being higher expressed in BMSCs. These data indicated a unique transcriptional signature of BMSCs that was distinct from that of cMSCs regardless of the type of scaffold or time in culture. There was no statistical difference in the expression of osteogenic genes in BMSCs or cMSCs in B-HA compared to S-HA. VEGF release from cMSCs co-cultured with human endothelial cells (n = 4) on B-HA scaffolds suggested significantly higher supernatant concentration with endothelial cells on day 14. This indicated a potential mechanism for providing vasculature to the repair area when such scaffolds are used for treating large bone defects.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kon E, Salamanna F, Filardo G, Di Matteo B, Shabshin N, Shani J, Fini M, Perdisa F, Parrilli A, Sprio S, Ruffini A, Marcacci M, Tampieri A. Bone Regeneration in Load-Bearing Segmental Defects, Guided by Biomorphic, Hierarchically Structured Apatitic Scaffold. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:734486. [PMID: 34646817 PMCID: PMC8503888 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.734486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The regeneration of load-bearing segmental bone defects remains a significant clinical problem in orthopedics, mainly due to the lack of scaffolds with composition and 3D porous structure effective in guiding and sustaining new bone formation and vascularization in large bone defects. In the present study, biomorphic calcium phosphate bone scaffolds (GreenBone™) featuring osteon-mimicking, hierarchically organized, 3D porous structure and lamellar nano-architecture were implanted in a critical cortical defect in sheep and compared with allograft. Two different types of scaffolds were tested: one made of ion-doped hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium-phosphate (GB-1) and other made of undoped hydroxyapatite only (GB-2). X-ray diffraction patterns of GB-1 and GB-2 confirmed that both scaffolds were made of hydroxyapatite, with a minor amount of β-TCP in GB-1. The chemical composition analysis, obtained by ICP-OES spectrometer, highlighted the carbonation extent and the presence of small amounts of Mg and Sr as doping ions in GB-1. SEM micrographs showed the channel-like wide open porosity of the biomorphic scaffolds and the typical architecture of internal channel walls, characterized by a cell structure mimicking the natural parenchyma of the rattan wood used as a template for the scaffold fabrication. Both GB-1 and GB-2 scaffolds show very similar porosity extent and 3D organization, as also revealed by mercury intrusion porosimetry. Comparing the two scaffolds, GB-1 showed slightly higher fracture strength, as well as improved stability at the stress plateau. In comparison to allograft, at the follow-up time of 6 months, both GB-1 and GB-2 scaffolds showed higher new bone formation and quality of regenerated bone (trabecular thickness, number, and separation). In addition, higher osteoid surface (OS/BS), osteoid thickness (OS.Th), osteoblast surface (Ob.S/BS), vessels/microvessels numbers, as well as substantial osteoclast-mediated implant resorption were observed. The highest values in OS.Th and Ob. S/BS parameters were found in GB-1 scaffold. Finally, Bone Mineralization Index of new bone within scaffolds, as determined by micro-indentation, showed a significantly higher microhardness for GB-1 scaffold in comparison to GB-2. These findings suggested that the biomorphic calcium phosphate scaffolds were able to promote regeneration of load-bearing segmental bone defects in a clinically relevant scenario, which still represents one of the greatest challenges in orthopedics nowadays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Kon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Francesca Salamanna
- Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies - IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filardo
- Applied and Translational Research Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- First Moscow State Medical University - Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Radiology, Emek Medical Center, Clalit Healthcare Services, Afula, Israel
| | - Berardo Di Matteo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- First Moscow State Medical University - Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nogah Shabshin
- Department of Radiology, Emek Medical Center, Clalit Healthcare Services, Afula, Israel
- Department of Radiology, Pennmedicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jonathan Shani
- Chavat Daat Veterinary Referral Center, Beit Berl, Israel
| | - Milena Fini
- Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies - IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Perdisa
- Hip and Knee Replacement Division, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annapaola Parrilli
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Center for X-ray Analytics, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Simone Sprio
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council, Faenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Ruffini
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council, Faenza, Italy
| | - Maurilio Marcacci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Anna Tampieri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council, Faenza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sprio S, Ruffini A, Tampieri A. Biomorphic Transformations: A Leap Forward in Getting Nanostructured 3-D Bioceramics. Front Chem 2021; 9:728907. [PMID: 34557475 PMCID: PMC8452985 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.728907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obtaining 3-D inorganic devices with designed chemical composition, complex geometry, hierarchic structure and effective mechanical performance is a major scientific goal, still prevented by insurmountable technological limitations. With particular respect to the biomedical field, there is a lack in solutions ensuring the regeneration of long, load-bearing bone segments such as the ones of limbs, due to the still unmet goal of converging, in a unique device, bioactive chemical composition, multi-scale cell-conducive porosity and a hierarchically organized architecture capable of bearing and managing complex mechanical loads in a unique 3D implant. An emerging, but still very poorly explored approach in this respect, is given by biomorphic transformation processes, aimed at converting natural structures into functional 3D inorganic constructs with smart mechanical performance. Recent studies highlighted the use of heterogeneous gas-solid reactions as a valuable approach to obtain effective transformation of natural woods into hierarchically structured apatitic bone scaffolds. In this light, the present review illustrates critical aspects related to the application of such heterogeneous reactions when occurring in the 3D state, showing the relevance of a thorough kinetic control to achieve controlled phase transformations while maintaining the multi-scale architecture and the outstanding mechanical performance of the starting natural structure. These first results encourage the further investigation towards the biologic structures optimized by nature along the ages and then the development of biomorphic transformations as a radically new approach to enable a technological breakthrough in various research fields and opening to still unexplored industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Sprio
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, Italian National Research Council, Faenza, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bioactive Calcium Phosphate-Based Composites for Bone Regeneration. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5090227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphates (CaPs) are widely accepted biomaterials able to promote the regeneration of bone tissue. However, the regeneration of critical-sized bone defects has been considered challenging, and the development of bioceramics exhibiting enhanced bioactivity, bioresorbability and mechanical performance is highly demanded. In this respect, the tuning of their chemical composition, crystal size and morphology have been the matter of intense research in the last decades, including the preparation of composites. The development of effective bioceramic composite scaffolds relies on effective manufacturing techniques able to control the final multi-scale porosity of the devices, relevant to ensure osteointegration and bio-competent mechanical performance. In this context, the present work provides an overview about the reported strategies to develop and optimize bioceramics, while also highlighting future perspectives in the development of bioactive ceramic composites for bone tissue regeneration.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ruffini A, Sandri M, Dapporto M, Campodoni E, Tampieri A, Sprio S. Nature-Inspired Unconventional Approaches to Develop 3D Bioceramic Scaffolds with Enhanced Regenerative Ability. Biomedicines 2021; 9:916. [PMID: 34440120 PMCID: PMC8389705 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Material science is a relevant discipline in support of regenerative medicine. Indeed, tissue regeneration requires the use of scaffolds able to guide and sustain the natural cell metabolism towards tissue regrowth. This need is particularly important in musculoskeletal regeneration, such as in the case of diseased bone or osteocartilaginous regions for which calcium phosphate-based scaffolds are considered as the golden solution. However, various technological barriers related to conventional ceramic processing have thus far hampered the achievement of biomimetic and bioactive scaffolds as effective solutions for still unmet clinical needs in orthopaedics. Driven by such highly impacting socioeconomic needs, new nature-inspired approaches promise to make a technological leap forward in the development of advanced biomaterials. The present review illustrates ion-doped apatites as biomimetic materials whose bioactivity resides in their unstable chemical composition and nanocrystallinity, both of which are, however, destroyed by the classical sintering treatment. In the following, recent nature-inspired methods preventing the use of high-temperature treatments, based on (i) chemically hardening bioceramics, (ii) biomineralisation process, and (iii) biomorphic transformations, are illustrated. These methods can generate products with advanced biofunctional properties, particularly biomorphic transformations represent an emerging approach that could pave the way to a technological leap forward in medicine and also in various other application fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anna Tampieri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council, 48018 Faenza, Italy; (A.R.); (M.S.); (M.D.); (E.C.)
| | - Simone Sprio
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council, 48018 Faenza, Italy; (A.R.); (M.S.); (M.D.); (E.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mercadelli E, Galassi C. How to Make Porous Piezoelectrics? Review on Processing Strategies. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2021; 68:217-228. [PMID: 32746199 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2020.3006248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric ceramics are a technologically important class of materials that are currently exploited in actuators, sensors, transducers, and memory devices. The introduction of porosity into these materials has been proved to be an effective tool for tuning functional properties for specific applications, such as piezoelectric and pyroelectric devices and energy harvesters. In this review, a comprehensive description of the most widely used processing techniques able to produce porous ferroelectric ceramics is reported. In particular, the state-of-the-art production strategies including replica technique, direct foaming, sacrificial template method, and additive manufacturing used up to now for the realization of porous piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-based structures are critically reviewed and rationalized. Moreover, this work aims to give concrete indications on the more effective and actual production strategies that should be exploited for the development of porous PZT-based materials for the specific applications. Finally, two case studies are reported to remark the critical importance of material-processing-microstructure correlations on the functional properties of the designed devices.
Collapse
|
11
|
Guerrieri AN, Montesi M, Sprio S, Laranga R, Mercatali L, Tampieri A, Donati DM, Lucarelli E. Innovative Options for Bone Metastasis Treatment: An Extensive Analysis on Biomaterials-Based Strategies for Orthopedic Surgeons. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:589964. [PMID: 33123519 PMCID: PMC7573123 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.589964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is the third most frequent site of metastasis, with a particular incidence in breast and prostate cancer patients. For example, almost 70% of breast cancer patients develop several bone metastases in the late stage of the disease. Bone metastases are a challenge for clinicians and a burden for patients because they frequently cause pain and can lead to fractures. Unfortunately, current therapeutic options are in most cases only palliative and, although not curative, surgery remains the gold standard for bone metastasis treatment. Surgical intervention mostly provides the replacement of the affected bone with a bioimplant, which can be made by materials of different origins and designed through several techniques that have evolved throughout the years simultaneously with clinical needs. Several scientists and clinicians have worked to develop biomaterials with potentially successful biological and mechanical features, however, only a few of them have actually reached the scope. In this review, we extensively analyze currently available biomaterials-based strategies focusing on the newest and most innovative ideas while aiming to highlight what should be considered both a reliable choice for orthopedic surgeons and a future definitive and curative option for bone metastasis and cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ania Naila Guerrieri
- Unit of Orthopaedic Pathology and Osteoarticular Tissue Regeneration, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Montesi
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council, Faenza, Italy
| | - Simone Sprio
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council, Faenza, Italy
| | - Roberta Laranga
- Unit of Orthopaedic Pathology and Osteoarticular Tissue Regeneration, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Mercatali
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Anna Tampieri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council, Faenza, Italy
| | - Davide Maria Donati
- Third Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic Prevalently Oncologic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Lucarelli
- Unit of Orthopaedic Pathology and Osteoarticular Tissue Regeneration, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|