1
|
Chen Y, Xu L, Lan Y, Liang C, Liu X, Li J, Liu F, Miao J, Chen Y, Cao Y, Liu G. Four novel sleep-promoting peptides screened and identified from bovine casein hydrolysates using a patch-clamp model in vitro and Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo. Food Funct 2023. [PMID: 37334648 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01246h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Bovine casein hydrolysates (CHs) have demonstrated sleep-promoting activities. However, only few peptides were identified from CHs with sleep-promoting effects. In this work, an in vitro model based on the electrophysiology of brain neurons was established for the evaluation of sleep-promoting effects. Based on this model, four novel peptides were systematically separated from CH. Compared with the control group, the action potential (AP) inhibitory rate of four peptides increased by 38.63%, 340.93%, 233.28%, and 900%, respectively, and the membrane potential (MP) change rate of four peptides increased by 319.78%, 503.09%, 381.22%, and 547.10%, respectively. These results suggested that four peptides have sleep-promoting activities. Furthermore, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) sleep behavior results indicated that all the four peptides could significantly increase the total sleep duration, the motionless sleep duration of C. elegans, implying that these four peptides can significantly improve sleep. The LC-MS/MS results showed that the primary structures of these novel peptides were HQGLPQEVLNENLLR (αs1-CN, f8-22), YKVPQLEIVPNSAEER (αs1-CN, f104-119), HPIKHQGLPQEVLNENLLR (αs1-CN, f4-22), and VPQLEIVPNSAEER (αs1-CN, f106-119). Overall, this study revealed that the four novel sleep-promoting peptides identified were strong candidates as potential functional ingredients in the development of sleep-promoting products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Lu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Yaqi Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Caowen Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Fei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Jianyin Miao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Yunjiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Guo Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
The Anxiolytic-like Properties of a Tryptic Hydrolysate of Bovine α s1 Casein Containing α-Casozepine Rely on GABA A Receptor Benzodiazepine Binding Sites but Not the Vagus Nerve. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112212. [PMID: 35684011 PMCID: PMC9182760 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: A tryptic hydrolysate of bovine αs1-casein (CH) exerts anxiolytic-like properties in many species, including humans. This is mainly related to the presence of α-casozepine (α-CZP), which yields these properties in rodents. This study evaluates, in a rat model, the roles of the vagus nerve and the benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA receptors in the mode of action of CH. (2) Methods: The conditioned defensive burying test was used to evaluate anxiety. (3) Results: Participation of the vagus nerve in the mode of action of CH was excluded, as the global anxiety score in vagotomised rats was not significantly different from that of non-vagotomised animals. The blocking of the binding sites of benzodiazepines with flumazenil antagonised CH anxiolytic-like properties. (4) Conclusions: The vagus nerve does not play a role in the anxiolytic-like properties of CH. On the other hand, this anxiolytic-like activity relies on the benzodiazepine binding site of the GABAA receptors. This result is consistent with previous in vitro studies and, more specifically with the discovery of α-CZP, the peptide responsible for the anxiolytic-like properties of CH.
Collapse
|
3
|
Manna SSS. Possible influence of neurosteroids in the anxiolytic effects of alpha-casozepine. Med Hypotheses 2021; 155:110655. [PMID: 34392107 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-casozepine (α CZP), a tryptic hydrolysate of milk casein is a decapeptide shown to promote sleep and produce anxiolytic or anticonvulsant activity. Intriguingly, studies indicate structural similarities to benzodiazepine (BZD)-like molecules (e.g., diazepam), resulting in positive modulation of γ-aminobutyric acid A type (GABAA) receptors. However, some unexplained anomalous behaviour of α-CZP includes 1) 1000 times less affinity for BZD site on GABAA receptor in vitro conditions, whereas in vivo it showed 10-fold increased affinity when compared to diazepam; 2) anxiolytic effects were observed only in stressed conditions and 3) unlike diazepam, it failed to exhibit dependence or habituation. Interestingly, neurosteroids like allopregnanolone or its analogues that are synthesized de novo have both genomic and non-genomic actions. The rapid nongenomic neuronal inhibition of these compounds is mediated by GABAA receptors through autocrine and paracrine actions. Studies have shown that changes in the levels of neurosteroids during acute (rise) and chronic stress (decreased), consequently, altering the senetivity of GABAA receptor subunits. Neurosteroids even at low concentration (nanomolar range) potentiate the response of GABA indirectly, while at higher concentrations they directly activate the receptor-channel complex. Interestingly, coadministration of neurosteroids and BZPs has shown not only to prevent the development of tolerance of BZP and augmented recovery from BZP withdrawal anxiety and hyperactivity in mice. The combination also produced synergetic anxiolytic effects. Taken together, the evidence suggests possible implications of neurosteroids in the actions of CZP via BZD receptors. The present hypothesis brings out the possible role of neurosteroids and the various factors that might participate in CZP-induce anxiolytic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyamshree S S Manna
- Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy Allied Health Sciences, Dr Meghnad Saha Sarani, Bidhannagar, Durgapur 713206, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hafeez Z, Benoit S, Cakir-Kiefer C, Dary A, Miclo L. Food protein-derived anxiolytic peptides: their potential role in anxiety management. Food Funct 2021; 12:1415-1431. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02432e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Could bioactive peptides from food proteins be used as prophylactic in the management of anxiety disorders?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Benoit
- Université de Lorraine
- CALBINOTOX
- F-54000 Nancy
- France
| | | | - Annie Dary
- Université de Lorraine
- CALBINOTOX
- F-54000 Nancy
- France
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Benoit S, Chaumontet C, Schwarz J, Cakir-Kiefer C, Boulier A, Tomé D, Miclo L. Anxiolytic Activity and Brain Modulation Pattern of the α-Casozepine-Derived Pentapeptide YLGYL in Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051497. [PMID: 32455588 PMCID: PMC7285003 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Casozepine (α-CZP) is an anxiolytic-like bioactive decapeptide derived from bovine αs1-casein. The N-terminal peptide YLGYL was previously identified after proteolysis of the original peptide in an in vitro digestion model. Its putative anxiolytic-like properties were evaluated in a Swiss mice model using a light/dark box (LDB) after an intraperitoneal injection (0.5 mg/kg). The effect of YLGYL on c-Fos expression in brain regions linked to anxiety regulation was afterwards evaluated via immunofluorescence and compared to those of α-CZP and diazepam, a reference anxiolytic benzodiazepine. YLGYL elicited some anxiolytic-like properties in the LDB, similar to α-CZP and diazepam. The two peptides displayed some strong differences compared with diazepam in terms of c-Fos expression modulation in the prefontal cortex, the amygdala, the nucleus of the tractus solitarius, the periaqueductal grey, and the raphe magnus nucleus, implying a potentially different mode of action. Additionally, YLGYL modulated c-Fos expression in the amygdala and in one of the raphe nuclei, displaying a somewhat similar pattern of activation as α-CZP. Nevertheless, some differences were also spotted between the two peptides, making it possible to formulate the hypothesis that these peptides could act differently on anxiety regulation. Taken together, these results showed that YLGYL could contribute to the in vivo overall action of α-CZP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Benoit
- INRAE, URAFPA, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (C.C.-K.); (L.M.)
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, Inrae, Université Paris-Saclay, F-75231 Paris, France; (C.C.); (D.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-0-1223-769048
| | - Catherine Chaumontet
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, Inrae, Université Paris-Saclay, F-75231 Paris, France; (C.C.); (D.T.)
| | | | - Céline Cakir-Kiefer
- INRAE, URAFPA, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (C.C.-K.); (L.M.)
| | | | - Daniel Tomé
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, Inrae, Université Paris-Saclay, F-75231 Paris, France; (C.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Laurent Miclo
- INRAE, URAFPA, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (C.C.-K.); (L.M.)
- CALBINOTOX, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Unwin SL, Saunders RA, Blackwell EJ, Rooney NJ. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigating the value of Pet Remedy in ameliorating fear of handling of companion rabbits. J Vet Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|