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Torun E, Yuksel Y. The Relationship Between Craniocervical Morphology and the Presence and Level of Cervical Facet Joint Degeneration. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2024:00004728-990000000-00344. [PMID: 39095063 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000001649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between craniocervical morphology and the presence and level of cervical facet joint degeneration (FJD). METHODS A total of 108 consecutive female patients aged 45-55 years who had undergone neck + brain CT angiography were included in this retrospective sectional study. Only patients of a certain age and of the same gender were included in order to eliminate the differences that create a disposition to the development of spinal degeneration. The presence of facet joint (FJ) arthritis (grade ≥2 degeneration in at least one affected facet joint) and the grade of the facet joint degeneration for each patient were recorded. A total of 20 lengths and 3 angles of craniocervical morphology were measured. The differences between the individuals with and without FJ arthritis were investigated with the independent-sample t test, and the relationship between the FJD grade and craniocervical morphology was investigated using the Spearman correlation test. RESULTS Individuals with FJ arthritis were found to have longer Grabb-Oakes measurement, shorter FM AP length, lower ADI, lower EOP thickness, higher clivus length, higher crista gall-ATS distance, lower CCA angle, lower distance between the C1 vertebra lateral masses, and higher BAI than those without FJ arthritis (P ˂ 0.05). Besides, we found that the FJD grade increased as the Grabb-Oakes measurement increased, ADI distance decreased, FM AP length decreased, EOP thickness decreased, clivus length increased, basal angle increased, distance between the C1 vertebra lateral masses decreased, and BAI increased (P ˂ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Differences in craniocervical morphology are statistically associated with degenerative processes that result in degenerative changes in the facet joint. Therefore, some morphological changes in craniocervical anatomy cause changes in the momentum and distribution of the load on the facet joints, predisposing the patient to facet arthropathy and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Torun
- From the Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey
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Boussaid M, Brahim O, Bouanen I, Kenani M, Limem H, Mahjoub Y, Mesrati MA, Aissaoui A. Sex determination by Ct -scan analysis of the mastoid bone: A cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33712. [PMID: 39050434 PMCID: PMC11268172 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The mastoid bone, situated at the base of the skull and characterized by its compact structure in the petrous portion, being among the slowest-growing bones, has gained recognition as a valuable anthropological tool for sex determination. Thus, we have proposed to assess the reliability of the mastoid process in sex determination in a Tunisian population using CT-scan analysis. A cross-sectional study was conducted. CT scans forming the mastoid triangle were analyzed using a General Electric Bright Speed scanner. Nine measurements were taken by a single observer, ensuring reliability through intra- and inter-observer assessments. Normalization and statistical analyses, including logistic regression, were applied to identify sex-discriminating variables. The model's performance was evaluated using learning curves, cross-validation, and various metrics. The resulting logistic regression equation, coefficients, and intercept provided a predictive tool for sex determination. A total of 256 cranial CT scans (126 males, 130 females) were analyzed. Our study revealed that the mastoid region approach achieved an overall accuracy of 80.8 % in sex identification within the examined population. The method demonstrated a sensitivity of 78.9 % and specificity of 81.8 %. All investigated variables (AP, PM, AM, CMH, TMH, OSDmax, OCDmax, MA) exhibited discriminatory capabilities for sex determination, except for AIA. Notably, the most effective discriminators were AP, CMH, and OSDmax. Utilizing an ROC curve analysis to optimize mastoid variables for maximum sensitivity and specificity, we obtained excellent results, with an area under the curve reaching 91 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Boussaid
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Taher Sfar University Hospital of Mahdia, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
- Technology and Medical Imaging Research Laboratory, LTIM-LR12ES06, Tunisia
| | - Oumeima Brahim
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Taher Sfar University Hospital of Mahdia, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
- Technology and Medical Imaging Research Laboratory, LTIM-LR12ES06, Tunisia
| | - Ines Bouanen
- Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Community Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Kenani
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Taher Sfar University Hospital of Mahdia, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hiba Limem
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Taher Sfar University Hospital of Mahdia, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
- Technology and Medical Imaging Research Laboratory, LTIM-LR12ES06, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Mahjoub
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Taher Sfar University Hospital of Mahdia, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
- Technology and Medical Imaging Research Laboratory, LTIM-LR12ES06, Tunisia
| | - Moahemd Amine Mesrati
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Taher Sfar University Hospital of Mahdia, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
- Technology and Medical Imaging Research Laboratory, LTIM-LR12ES06, Tunisia
| | - Abir Aissaoui
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Taher Sfar University Hospital of Mahdia, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
- Technology and Medical Imaging Research Laboratory, LTIM-LR12ES06, Tunisia
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Sasani H, Etli Y, Tastekin B, Hekimoglu Y, Keskin S, Asirdizer M. Sex Estimation From Measurements of the Mastoid Triangle and Volume of the Mastoid Air Cell System Using Classical and Machine Learning Methods: A Comparative Analysis. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2024; 45:51-62. [PMID: 38039501 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Previous studies on the sexual dimorphism of the mastoid triangle have typically focused on linear and area measurements. No studies in the literature have used mastoid air cell system volume measurements for direct anthropological or forensic sex determination. The aims of this study were to investigate the applicability of mastoid air cell system volume measurements and mastoid triangle measurements separately and combined for sex estimation, and to determine the accuracy of sex estimation rates using machine learning algorithms and discriminant function analysis of these data. On 200 computed tomography images, the distances constituting the edges of the mastoid triangle were measured, and the area was calculated using these measurements. A region-growing algorithm was used to determine the volume of the mastoid air cell system. The univariate sex determination accuracy was calculated for all parameters. Stepwise discriminant function analysis was performed for sex estimation. Multiple machine learning methods have also been used. All measurements of the mastoid triangle and volumes of the mastoid air cell system were higher in males than in females. The accurate sex estimation rate was determined to be 79.5% using stepwise discriminant function analysis and 88.5% using machine learning methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Sasani
- From the Medical Faculty of Namik Kemal University, Istanbul
| | - Yasin Etli
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical Faculty Hospital of Selcuk University, Konya
| | - Burak Tastekin
- Clinic of Forensic Medicine, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, Ankara City Hospital
| | | | - Siddik Keskin
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical School of Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van
| | - Mahmut Asirdizer
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical Faculty, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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Using 3D images of Korean's mastoid process to estimate sex: A metric study. FORENSIC IMAGING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fri.2022.200527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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5
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Meral O, Meydan R, Toklu BB, Kaya A, Karadayi B, Acar T. Estimation of sex from computed tomography images of skull measurements in an adult Turkish population. Acta Radiol 2021; 63:1513-1521. [PMID: 34623180 DOI: 10.1177/02841851211044978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, data on the anthropometric measurements of populations is needed in many areas, especially forensic and legal. Using various methods, researchers obtain various data such as race, sex, and age, and thus provide identification of the material used. Morphological or metric methods are often used for identification. PURPOSE To evaluate the usefulness of the results of skull measurements using computed tomography (CT) to determine sex in a Turkish population. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed 300 male and 300 female CT images of Turkish individuals with an age range of 21-50 years. Maximum cranial length, maximum cranial breadth, bimastoid diameter, bizygomatic diameter, and bigonial breadth were measured by CT tomography. All data were subjected to discriminant function analyses for estimating sex. Intra-observer and inter-observer variances of the measurements were examined using intraclass correlation coefficient analysis. RESULTS Discriminant function analysis indicated that there was a significant difference between male and female with 88% accuracy. Discriminant function for estimation of sex was obtained with satisfactory accuracy rates for the parameters used. CONCLUSION This study confirms that skull measurements show sexual dimorphism in the Turkish population, and also suggests that it may be useful to use CT to assess skull anthropometric measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Meral
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Bakırçay University Çiğli Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Reyhan Meydan
- Department of Radiology, Sağlık Bilimleri University, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Belkıs Betül Toklu
- Department of Radiology, Sağlık Bilimleri University, Behçet Uz Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahsen Kaya
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Beytullah Karadayi
- Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Department of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Türker Acar
- Department of Radiology, Sağlık Bilimleri University, Bozyaka Training And Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
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6
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Meral O, Belkıs Toklu B, Meydan R, Kaya A, Karadayı B, Acar T. Sex estimation from foramen magnum parameters in adult Turkish population: A computed tomography study. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2020; 47:101775. [PMID: 32791469 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2020.101775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Identification of skeletal relics is crucial for medicolegal purposes. Sex estimation is one of the critical parts providing the identification of skeletal relics. In forensic practice, sex estimation requires multidisciplinary studies of such as forensic medicine, anatomy, dentistry and radiology. Recently, radiological studies on this subject have been increasing with the developing technology. The objective of this study is to examine the usage of radiological dimensions of foramen magnum for sex estimation in human skulls by developing discriminant functions in Turkish population. We analyzed 600 (300 males and 300 females) Computerized Tomography (CT) images of Turkish individuals aged between 21 and 50. Four measurements were obtained from CT images. All measurements in males were significantly greater than in females, and they provided the higher sex classification accuracy. The area of the foramen magnum calculated by Radinsky's formula was the best measurement for sex estimation with a 75% accuracy rate. In conclusion, the CT images of foramen magnum show sexual dimorphism in our population. To use population specific data would be the most appropriate approach for sex estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Meral
- Çiğli Training and Research Hospital, Department of Forensic Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Betül Belkıs Toklu
- Sağlık Bilimleri University, Bozyaka Training And Research Hospital, Department of Radiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Reyhan Meydan
- Sağlık Bilimleri University, Bozyaka Training And Research Hospital, Department of Radiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahsen Kaya
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Beytullah Karadayı
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Department of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Türker Acar
- Sağlık Bilimleri University, Bozyaka Training And Research Hospital, Department of Radiology, Izmir, Turkey
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Sinhorini PA, Costa IAP, Lopez-Capp TT, Biazevic MGH, de Paiva LAS. Comparative analysis of four morphometric methods for sex estimation: A study conducted on human skulls. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2019; 39:29-34. [PMID: 31200148 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The pelvis and skull are the regions of the human skeleton that most clearly show sexual dimorphism, with the pelvis being superior to the skull for sex estimation owing to reproductive and hormonal factors. However, as many skeletons are found incomplete, it is important to be able to determine sex from analyzing the skull as well as the pelvis. This study was aimed at validating and evaluating the effectiveness of four morphometric methods for sex estimation using the human skull. One hundred human Brazilian skulls belonging to identified but unclaimed skeletons were used after all legal and administrative requirements for exhumation were satisfied. Four dimensions were analyzed: the facial triangle; the bimastoid triangle; the mastoid triangle; and finally, the occipital triangle. These dimensions were used to calculate the triangle areas. Descriptive analysis was used to verify the mean, standard deviation, and confidence interval of all variables and discriminant analysis with cross-validation was used to verify the percentage of correctness of the sex estimation methods. Individual analysis of the areas of the facial, right mastoid, left mastoid, bimastoid, and occipital triangles, and sum of the mastoid triangle areas, produced average accuracies of 63.0%, 81.8%, 77.8%, 71.4%, 64.0%, and 80.8%, respectively. Combinations of triangles resulted in higher mean accuracy percentages, with only 75.6% accuracy recorded when the left and right mastoid triangle areas were removed. All average values of analyzed triangles were higher in males than in females. Analyses of the cranial triangles were useful for sex estimation in the population studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Anaya Sinhorini
- Medical School, Sao Camilo University Center, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Teaching and Research in Forensic Sciences, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Igor Arthur Parron Costa
- Medical School, Sao Camilo University Center, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Teaching and Research in Forensic Sciences, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Thais Torralbo Lopez-Capp
- Community Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Teaching and Research in Forensic Sciences, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maria Gabriela Haye Biazevic
- Community Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Teaching and Research in Forensic Sciences, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Airton Saavedra de Paiva
- Medical School, Sao Camilo University Center, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Teaching and Research in Forensic Sciences, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Kramer NA, Lopez-Capp TT, Michel-Crosato E, Biazevic MGH. Sex estimation from the mastoid process using Micro-CT among Brazilians: Discriminant analysis and ROC curve analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jofri.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Bertsatos A, Papageorgopoulou C, Valakos E, Chovalopoulou ME. Investigating the sex-related geometric variation of the human cranium. Int J Legal Med 2018; 132:1505-1514. [PMID: 29380124 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-018-1790-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Accurate sexing methods are of great importance in forensic anthropology since sex assessment is among the principal tasks when examining human skeletal remains. The present study explores a novel approach in assessing the most accurate metric traits of the human cranium for sex estimation based on 80 ectocranial landmarks from 176 modern individuals of known age and sex from the Athens Collection. The purpose of the study is to identify those distance and angle measurements that can be most effectively used in sex assessment. Three-dimensional landmark coordinates were digitized with a Microscribe 3DX and analyzed in GNU Octave. An iterative linear discriminant analysis of all possible combinations of landmarks was performed for each unique set of the 3160 distances and 246,480 angles. Cross-validated correct classification as well as multivariate DFA on top performing variables reported 13 craniometric distances with over 85% classification accuracy, 7 angles over 78%, as well as certain multivariate combinations yielding over 95%. Linear regression of these variables with the centroid size was used to assess their relation to the size of the cranium. In contrast to the use of generalized procrustes analysis (GPA) and principal component analysis (PCA), which constitute the common analytical work flow for such data, our method, although computational intensive, produced easily applicable discriminant functions of high accuracy, while at the same time explored the maximum of cranial variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bertsatos
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 157 81, Athens, GR, Greece
| | - Christina Papageorgopoulou
- Laboratory of Physical Anthropology, Department of History and Ethnology, Democritus University of Thrace, 1 P. Tsaldari Street, 69100, Komotini, Greece
| | - Efstratios Valakos
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 157 81, Athens, GR, Greece
| | - Maria-Eleni Chovalopoulou
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 157 81, Athens, GR, Greece.
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Alper CM, Luntz M, Takahashi H, Ghadiali SN, Swarts JD, Teixeira MS, Csákányi Z, Yehudai N, Kania R, Poe DS. Panel 2: Anatomy (Eustachian Tube, Middle Ear, and Mastoid-Anatomy, Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Pathogenesis). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 156:S22-S40. [PMID: 28372527 DOI: 10.1177/0194599816647959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective In this report, we review the recent literature (ie, past 4 years) to identify advances in our understanding of the middle ear-mastoid-eustachian tube system. We use this review to determine whether the short-term goals elaborated in the last report were achieved, and we propose updated goals to guide future otitis media research. Data Sources PubMed, Web of Science, Medline. Review Methods The panel topic was subdivided, and each contributor performed a literature search within the given time frame. The keywords searched included middle ear, eustachian tube, and mastoid for their intersection with anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, and pathology. Preliminary reports from each panel member were consolidated and discussed when the panel met on June 11, 2015. At that meeting, the progress was evaluated and new short-term goals proposed. Conclusions Progress was made on 13 of the 20 short-term goals proposed in 2011. Significant advances were made in the characterization of middle ear gas exchange pathways, modeling eustachian tube function, and preliminary testing of treatments for eustachian tube dysfunction. Implications for Practice In the future, imaging technologies should be developed to noninvasively assess middle ear/eustachian tube structure and physiology with respect to their role in otitis media pathogenesis. The new data derived from these structure/function experiments should be integrated into computational models that can then be used to develop specific hypotheses concerning otitis media pathogenesis and persistence. Finally, rigorous studies on medical or surgical treatments for eustachian tube dysfunction should be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuneyt M Alper
- 1 Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,2 Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,3 Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michal Luntz
- 4 Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Bnai Zion Medical Center; Technion-The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Haruo Takahashi
- 5 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Samir N Ghadiali
- 6 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ohio University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,7 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - J Douglas Swarts
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Miriam S Teixeira
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zsuzsanna Csákányi
- 8 Department of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Heim Pal Children's Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Noam Yehudai
- 4 Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Bnai Zion Medical Center; Technion-The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Romain Kania
- 9 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Diderot University, University Paris Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Dennis S Poe
- 10 Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,11 Department of Otolaryngology and Communications Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Akay G, Güngör K, Peker İ. Morphometric analysis of the foramen magnum using cone beam computed tomography. Turk J Med Sci 2017; 47:1715-1722. [PMID: 29306229 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1607-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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12
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Jurda M, Urbanová P. Sex and ancestry assessment of Brazilian crania using semi-automatic mesh processing tools. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2016; 23:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Petaros A, Sholts SB, Slaus M, Bosnar A, Wärmländer SKTS. Evaluating sexual dimorphism in the human mastoid process: A viewpoint on the methodology. Clin Anat 2015; 28:593-601. [PMID: 25865024 DOI: 10.1002/ca.22545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The mastoid process is one of the most sexually dimorphic features in the human skull, and is therefore often used to identify the sex of skeletons. Numerous techniques for assessing variation in the size and shape of the mastoid process have been proposed and implemented in osteological research, but its complex form still presents difficulties for consistent and effective analysis. In this article, we compare the different techniques and variables that have been used to define, measure, and visually score sexual dimorphism in the mastoid process. We argue that the current protocols fail to capture the full morphological range of this bony projection, and suggest ways of improving and standardizing them, regarding both traditional and 3D-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Petaros
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Criminalistics, Rijeka University, School of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Sabrina B Sholts
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Mario Slaus
- Anthropological Center, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alan Bosnar
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Criminalistics, Rijeka University, School of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Sebastian K T S Wärmländer
- Division of Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Commercial and Business Law, IEI, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, UCLA/Getty Conservation Programme, University of California in Los Angeles, California
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14
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Todd NW, Daraei P. Morphologic Variations of Clinically Normal Mallei and Incudes. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2014; 123:461-7. [DOI: 10.1177/0003489414527228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Various features and shapes of malleus and incus are reported. Partially or unaddressed are their bilateral symmetry, correlation with otitis media, and concordance of features and shapes. Such information may contribute to the understanding of malleus and incus ontogeny and the installation and function of implantable middle ear devices. We sought to address the following hypotheses: (1) a cranium’s malleus and incus have bilateral symmetry, with respect to their features and shapes; (2) features and shapes of malleus and incus are unrelated to the mastoid size indicator of childhood otitis media; and (3) an ear’s malleus and incus have concordant features and shapes (ie, the presence or absence of a feature or shape of a malleus or incus is associated with the presence or absence of another feature or shape in that ear’s malleus or incus). Methods: Postmortem material-analysis prevalence study of 41 adult crania without clinical otitis media. Mastoid sizes were assessed radiographically. Results: Most mallei had lateral processes and inflected manubrium tips. Most incudes had concave superior borders of their short processes, non-notched inferior borders of their short processes, and anteriorly curved anterior edges of their long processes. Only 1 feature, absence of the lateral process of the malleus, was suggested to have a relationship to small mastoid size. Concordance was not found for any shape or feature of the malleus or incus. Conclusion: Clinically normal mallei and incudes have feature and shape variations that are mostly bilaterally symmetric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Wendell Todd
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Pedram Daraei
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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