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Hillen F, Polson S, Yates D, Watkinson R, White K. Robenacoxib versus meloxicam following ovariohysterectomy in cats: A randomised, prospective clinical trial involving owner-based assessment of pain. Vet Rec 2023; 193:e3264. [PMID: 37494365 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injectable non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly prescribed to queens undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OVH), but the requirement for postoperative administration is unclear and practices vary. Existing studies assessing efficacy rely on pain scoring by experienced clinicians. However, following OVH, most cats are discharged within hours of recovery. METHODS Cats undergoing OVH were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: MEL and ROB. Cats in the MEL group (n = 76) received meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg) and those in the ROB group (n = 65) received robenacoxib (2 mg/kg). Owners were contacted by a blinded assessor 3 days postoperatively and asked to identify physical or behavioural changes and to assign pain scores using a numerical rating scale. RESULTS More cats in the ROB group displayed abnormal behaviours than cats in the MEL group (p = 0.03). Most owners assigned a pain score of 0 (72%) (n = 101), but pain scores were significantly higher in the ROB group than in the MEL group (p = 0.005). LIMITATION Methods of owner assessment of pain in cats have not been validated. CONCLUSIONS Both meloxicam and robenacoxib are effective in controlling postoperative pain. Meloxicam may have improved efficacy in certain patient populations. Applying a blanket approach to prescribing NSAIDs to cats undergoing OVH postoperatively may not be necessary. This has safety, environmental and cost implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Hillen
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | | | | | | | - Kate White
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
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Local and Regional Anaesthetic Techniques in Canine Ovariectomy: A Review of the Literature and Technique Description. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151920. [PMID: 35953908 PMCID: PMC9367435 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review stems from a general trend of increasing attention toward surgical nociception in the veterinary field. Indeed, veterinarian anaesthetists are becoming more careful in relieving perioperative nociception, improving the analgesic protocols and therefore optimising surgical outcomes. Canine ovariectomy is a common surgical procedure with a moderate level of pain. Therefore, intraoperative analgesia is very important because pain causes various systemic inflammatory effects that slow patient recovery. This review aims to collect all recent information about local and regional anaesthetic/analgesic techniques in a review of the literature describing the technique utilised. In addition, the present review aims to provide practical guidelines for veterinary practitioners to improve the anaesthetic techniques in canine neutering through an overview of the available literature. In fact, the methods described, considering the relative simplicity of execution, can be used in daily routine practice. Abstract Canine ovariectomy is an elective surgery with a moderate level of pain. Despite its relative simplicity, it requires surgical pain management. This study aimed to collect all recent information about local and regional anaesthetic/analgesic techniques in a review of the literature describing the technique utilised. The various procedures described in this review use local anaesthetics to improve analgesia in the routine systemic anaesthetic protocol. The approach described in this paper is called multimodal analgesia and is used in addition to the normal standard anaesthetic protocol. These techniques proved effective in minimising responses to the surgical stimulus and ensured adequate intraoperative and postoperative analgesia. The routine use of multimodal analgesia is considered a useful alternative for pain management in canine ovariectomy, in that it minimises patient suffering, improves the recovery of rescue analgesia, increases drug savings, and improves animal outcomes. In addition, the use of these local and regional techniques ensures satisfactory analgesic coverage that lasts for the first hours postoperatively.
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Cicirelli V, Lacalandra GM, Cshe S, Mrenoshki D, Lillo E, Bianchi FP, Aiudi GG. Analgesic comparison between topical irrigation (splash block) versus injection of lidocaine on the ovarian pedicle in canine ovariectomy. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1893-1897. [PMID: 35611806 PMCID: PMC9514456 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic efficacy of topical irrigation versus injection of lidocaine on the ovarian pedicle to provide analgesia in bitches ovariectomy. In the current study were monitored: increased blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate to identify an acute intraoperative nociceptive response. These parameters were registered at six times during the surgical procedure: grasping of the ovary (time 1), dissection of the mesosalpinx (time 2), tightening of the first loop ligature (time 3), tightening of the second loop ligature (time 4), transection of the ovarian pedicle (time 5) and release of the ovary (time 6). Material and Methods Forty healthy bitches were randomly assigned in two groups (n = 20) to receive topical irrigation (splash block) of 2% lidocaine (C group) on both ovarian pedicle (2 mg/kg each), or an equal volume of lidocaine was injected at the same sites (R group). Results The results of the present study suggest that splash block may provide intraoperative analgesic effects equivalent to injection in the ovarian pedicle in dogs that have undergone ovariectomy. The lidocaine improved surgical analgesia during canine ovariectomy in both groups, and this action is not affected by the inoculation technique. Clinical significance Pain management in veterinary patients is a crucial component of appropriate patient care. Therefore, the need for achieving safer anaesthesia for surgical intervention is gaining much attention. Ovariectomy is a common surgical procedure in bitches with medium level of pain. This study concluded that considering its relative simplicity, low cost, and safety, both techniques could be used in daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Cicirelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | | | - Sandor Cshe
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Mrenoshki
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Edoardo Lillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Bianchi
- Department and Clinic of Obstetrics and Animal Reproduction, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Giulio Guido Aiudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Enomoto M, Lascelles BDX, Robertson JB, Gruen ME. Refinement of the Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index (FMPI) and development of the short-form FMPI. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:142-151. [PMID: 34002643 PMCID: PMC10812168 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x211011984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and responsiveness of the Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index (FMPI) using the collective results of multiple clinical studies and iteratively refine the FMPI for future use. METHODS Data were compiled from previously conducted studies involving client-owned cats with degenerative joint disease (DJD) and which used the FMPI. The reliability of the FMPI was assessed using the data from the initial visits of those studies. For the assessment of responsiveness of the FMPI, only placebo-controlled studies that used analgesic treatments were included. Treatment groups from each study were combined and categorized as 'placebo' group and 'analgesic' group. Then, the mean change from baseline in score of each FMPI item and across all items within and between these groups were assessed. Based on the results of the reliability and responsiveness of the FMPI, stepwise elimination was used to remove the items that were least able to distinguish between the placebo and analgesic groups. Finally, after the stepwise elimination, a proposed new FMPI-short form (FMPI-sf) was constructed and its reliability was reassessed using the data sets described above. Individual and combined data sets of the studies were also used to compare the responsiveness of the original FMPI and the FMPI-sf. RESULTS The data from 180 cats from four studies were included. The original FMPI had a reasonable reliability, but low/no responsiveness. The elimination process of FMPI items refined the responsiveness of the instrument while maintaining its reliability. When the responsiveness was compared between the original FMPI (17 items) and the FMPI-sf (nine items), the treatment effect between groups was always greater when the FMPI-sf was used. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The proposed FMPI-sf may be able to better distinguish between placebo and analgesic effects in cats with DJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Enomoto
- Translational Research in Pain (TRiP) Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - B Duncan X Lascelles
- Translational Research in Pain (TRiP) Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anaesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James B Robertson
- Biostatistician, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Margaret E Gruen
- Comparative Pain Research and Education Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Behavioral Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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5
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Cicirelli V, Lacalandra GM, Aiudi GG. The effect of splash block on the need for analgesia in dogs subjected to video-assisted ovariectomy. Vet Med Sci 2021; 8:104-109. [PMID: 34647415 PMCID: PMC8788979 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The present study aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of splash block using lidocaine to provide additional analgesia during ovariectomy in bitches. To identify an acute intraoperative nociceptive response, three clinical parameters were used: increased blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate. Material and Methods Forty healthy bitches were randomly assigned to receive 2% lidocaine (L group) topical application (splash block) on both ovaries (2 mg/kg each), or an equal volume of NaCl 0.9% at the same sites (C group). A fentanyl bolus (2 µg/kg) was administered intraoperatively in response to an increase in blood pressure, heart rate or respiratory rate during surgery (> 30% compared with the pre‐incisional values). Results Local lidocaine administration significantly reduced the need for supplementary fentanyl. Dogs in the L group showed greater intraoperative hemodynamic stability and lower surgical pain than those in the C group. In addition to the routine anaesthetic protocol, the local anaesthesia used in the present study was safe and caused no cardiopulmonary suppression. In addition, it significantly reduced the need for mandatory systemic or rescue analgesia. Clinical Significance Ovariectomy is a common surgical procedure in bitches. Analgesia during this procedure is important because intraoperative pain can cause negative effects that prevent patient recovery. This study aimed to demonstrate the analgesic efficacy of lidocaine splash block in video‐assisted ovariectomy in dogs. The results showed that splash block improved surgical analgesia during canine laparoscopic ovariectomy. Considering its relative simplicity, low cost, and safety, splash block could be used in daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Cicirelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | | | - Giulio G Aiudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Bain M. Surgical and Behavioral Relationships With Welfare. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:519. [PMID: 32923471 PMCID: PMC7456887 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Veterinarians perform surgery for a number of reasons, from treating a problem to preventing future problems. There is an inextricable link between the physical and psychological aspects of an animal's health, and surgery is often a conduit to bridge that gap. Some surgical procedures can affect an animal's behavior, such as castration, and some pose an ethical dilemma, such as ear cropping and declawing. Ameliorating pain, decreasing stressful experiences for the animal, and identifying and treating concurrent problem behaviors are hallmarks of improving animal welfare. The purpose of this article is to outline some of these interrelationships and ethical dilemmas, providing evidence-based verification as applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bain
- Clinical Animal Behavior Service, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Enomoto M, Lascelles BDX, Gruen ME. Development of a checklist for the detection of degenerative joint disease-associated pain in cats. J Feline Med Surg 2020; 22:1137-1147. [PMID: 32122226 PMCID: PMC7736399 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x20907424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop an evidence-based, clinically expedient checklist to identify cats likely to have degenerative joint disease (DJD)-associated pain. METHODS Data were compiled from previously conducted studies that employed a standardized subjective outcome measure consisting of a series of questions. These studies included a prevalence study (with DJD non-informed owners) and therapeutic trials (with DJD-informed owners). For each cat, and each question, response scores were converted to 'impaired' and 'unimpaired'. Cats were categorized as 'DJD pain' and 'non-DJD' based on orthopedic pain and radiographic DJD scores. These binary data were compared between cat phenotypes (non-DJD and DJD pain) for each question. Sensitivity and specificity of each question were calculated using the binary data; based on this, potential questions for the checklist were selected. Sensitivity and specificity across this group of questions were calculated, and questions sequentially removed to optimize length, sensitivity and specificity. Finally, the proposed checklist was applied to a novel data set to evaluate its ability to identify cats with DJD pain. RESULTS In total, 249 DJD pain cats and 53 non-DJD cats from five studies were included. Nine questions with adequate sensitivity and specificity were initially identified. Following sequential removal of questions, a checklist with six binary questions was proposed. Based on the data from the cohorts of DJD-informed and DJD non-informed owners, the sensitivity and specificity of the proposed checklist were approximately 99% and 100%, and 55% and 97%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The proposed checklist represents a data-driven approach to construct a screening checklist for DJD pain in cats. This checklist provides a clinically expedient tool likely to increase veterinarians' ability to screen for DJD pain in cats. The identified behaviors comprising the checklist may further provide a foundation for increasing awareness of DJD pain among cat owners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Enomoto
- Translational Research in Pain (TRiP) Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - B Duncan X Lascelles
- Translational Research in Pain (TRiP) Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Margaret E Gruen
- Comparative Pain Research and Education Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Behavioral Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Hernandez-Avalos I, Mota-Rojas D, Mora-Medina P, Martínez-Burnes J, Casas Alvarado A, Verduzco-Mendoza A, Lezama-García K, Olmos-Hernandez A. Review of different methods used for clinical recognition and assessment of pain in dogs and cats. Int J Vet Sci Med 2019; 7:43-54. [PMID: 31819890 PMCID: PMC6882480 DOI: 10.1080/23144599.2019.1680044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In light of the need to perform surgical techniques and the importance of animal welfare because of acute pain, the objectives of the veterinary anaesthetists are to manage muscle relaxation and adequate analgesia in order to conserve a balance in the autonomic nervous system, enhance the action of the parasympathetic system in the face of the emerging action of the sympathetic portion provoked by the surgeon, and maintain a balance among them. The aim of the present review is to describe different evaluation criteria for acute pain using unidimensional and multidimensional scales, correlating these findings to parasympathetic tone activity (PTA) and bispectral index (BIS) assessment, to conduct an objective evaluation of pain that patients (dog or cat) perceives, in order to administrate an adequate analgesic treatment in each case. In conclusion, this integral, objective evaluation will allow veterinarians – especially anaesthesiologists – to improve the management of pain in the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Mota-Rojas
- Neurophysiology of Pain, Behavior and Assessment of Welfare in Domestic Animals, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Mora-Medina
- Livestock Science Department, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), FESC, Mexico
| | - Julio Martínez-Burnes
- Graduate and Research Department, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Victoria City, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Casas Alvarado
- Neurophysiology of Pain, Behavior and Assessment of Welfare in Domestic Animals, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonio Verduzco-Mendoza
- Departamento Bioterio y Cirugía Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación-Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karina Lezama-García
- Neurophysiology of Pain, Behavior and Assessment of Welfare in Domestic Animals, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Olmos-Hernandez
- Departamento Bioterio y Cirugía Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación-Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City, Mexico
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Leedham R, White KL, Yates D, Brown L. Comparison of two high doses of subcutaneous buprenorphine in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.12968/coan.2019.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the analgesia and recovery effects of two doses (0.12 mg/kg and 0.24 mg/kg) of subcutaneous buprenorphine in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Methods: This was an assessor-blinded, randomised, clinical study. A total of 83 cats were recruited and randomly allocated to receive 0.12 mg/kg buprenorphine or 0.24 mg/kg buprenorphine subcutaneously, followed 30 minutes later by 40 μg/kg medetomidine intramuscularly. Anaesthesia was induced with intravenous alfaxalone to effect and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. All cats received meloxicam before surgery. Temperament score, quality of sedation, induction of anaesthesia, dose of alfaxalone and recovery were scored using simple descriptive scales. Atipamazole was administered following surgery. Physiological variables during anaesthesia were recorded. Cats were assessed postoperatively by the same blinded observer at 2, 4 and 24 hours using a modified Colorado Feline Acute Pain scale. The presence or absence of mydriasis was noted. Results: No significant differences were identified between groups. Three cats in the 0.12 mg/kg group and four in the 0.24 mg/kg group required rescue analgesia. Mydriasis persisting for at least 24 hours was evident in 75 cats. Conclusions and relevance: No differences in analgesia were detected between groups with these protocols; mydriasis was common in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Leedham
- RSPCA Greater Manchester Animal Hospital, 411 Eccles New Rd, Salford M5 5NN, UK
| | - Kate L White
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough UK
| | - David Yates
- RSPCA Greater Manchester Animal Hospital, 411 Eccles New Rd, Salford M5 5NN, UK
| | - Lauren Brown
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough UK
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Sattasathuchana P, Phuwapattanachart P, Thengchaisri N. Comparison of post-operative analgesic efficacy of tolfenamic acid and robenacoxib in ovariohysterectomized cats. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:989-996. [PMID: 29695672 PMCID: PMC6021869 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a non-selective COX inhibitor
(tolfenamic acid) and a selective COX-2 inhibitor (robenacoxib) for post-operative pain
control in cats. Thirty cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy were randomly divided into
three groups: the control (placebo) group, the tolfenamic acid (4 mg/kg/day) group, and
the robenacoxib (1 mg/kg/day) group. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were
administered orally 2 hr before anesthesia induction and 24 and 48 hr post-operation.
Buccal mucosal bleeding times (BMBTs) were assessed prior to anesthesia induction.
Colorado pain scores and composite pain scores were evaluated in a blinded fashion before
induction and 2, 8, 24, 30 and 48 hr post-operation. The Colorado pain scores of cats
receiving robenacoxib were significantly lower than those of cats in the control group at
30 (P=0.0126) and 48 (P=0.0439) hr post-operation. The
composite pain scores of cats from the robenacoxib group were lower than those of cats in
the control group at 30 (P=0.0299) and 48 (P=0.0103) hr
post-operation. The Colorado pain scores of cats receiving tolfenamic acid were
significantly lower than those of cats in the control group at 30 hr
(P=0.0186) post-operation. The composite pain scores in cats in the
tolfenamic acid group were lower than the scores of cats in the control group at 24
(P=0.0403) and 48 (P=0.0413) hr post-operation. BMBTs
remained within normal limits in all groups. Both tolfenamic acid and robenacoxib are
useful for post-operative pain control in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpicha Sattasathuchana
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Prangtip Phuwapattanachart
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Naris Thengchaisri
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Figueiredo NEO, Joaquim JGF, Luna SPL, Cápua MLBD, Santos BPRD. ESTUDO RETROSPECTIVO DE 98 FELINOS SUBMETIDOS À ACUPUNTURA ATENDIDOS EM SERVIÇO DE REABILITAÇÃO E DOR CRÔNICA. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v19e-45513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Este estudo retrospectivo avaliou os casos clínicos de felinos atendidos em Serviço de Reabilitação e Dor Crônica, durante 13 anos, totalizando 98 prontuários. Os objetivos deste estudo foram caracterizar o perfil do paciente atendido e avaliar a eficácia da acupuntura (AP) e dos métodos associados a esta técnica no tratamento de doenças em felinos e respectiva evolução clínica. Constatou-se que 69,7% dos pacientes melhoraram após tratamento com AP, 16,7% não apresentaram resposta significativa e 13,6% vieram a óbito. Não foram registrados casos de piora relacionados ao tratamento com AP, embora, dos nove animais que vieram a óbito, três foram devido à progressão da doença primária tratada exclusivamente com AP. As principais afecções tratadas foram relacionadas ao sistema nervoso - sobretudo trauma medular e encefálico - em que se registrou uma melhora em 53,7% dos animais. O tratamento foi considerado eficaz quando os pacientes recuperaram a capacidade normal de deambulação e em casos de doenças medulares quando o escore neurológico mudou de IV (grave) ou V (muito grave) para I (normal) ou II (leve alteração). A técnica de agulha seca foi a mais utilizada para os tratamentos, com 94,7% de prevalência, seguida da eletroacupuntura (30,6%) e da laserpuntura (21,4%). O número de sessões totais de AP foi em média de 6,97±14,97, sendo as mesmas semanais. Conclui-se que o estímulo de acupontos utilizando diferentes métodos foi eficiente para tratar a maioria dos gatos com diversas condições clínicas, evidenciando que esta espécie provavelmente responde tão bem como os cães após o tratamento de AP.
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Skouropoulou D, Lacitignola L, Centonze P, Simone A, Crovace AM, Staffieri F. Perioperative analgesic effects of an ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block with a mixture of bupivacaine and lidocaine in cats undergoing ovariectomy. Vet Anaesth Analg 2018; 45:374-383. [PMID: 29627201 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the perioperative analgesic effects of a transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block with a mixture of lidocaine and bupivacaine administered to cats undergoing ovariectomy. STUDY DESIGN Controlled, randomized, prospective, blinded clinical study. ANIMALS A group of 20 healthy cats. METHODS Robenacoxib (2 mg kg-1) was administered subcutaneously 0.5 hour before intramuscular (IM) administration of ketamine (5 mg kg-1), methadone (0.1 mg kg-1) and dexmedetomidine (0.01 mg kg-1). General anesthesia was induced with intravenous (IV) propofol and maintained with isoflurane. An ultrasound-guided TAP block was performed by injecting 0.5% bupivacaine (0.2 mL kg-1) diluted in a total volume of 1.5 mL 2% lidocaine bilaterally (TAP group, n = 10) or the same volume of saline solution bilaterally in controls (CTR group, n = 10). During surgery, a 20% increase in heart rate and respiratory frequency was treated with IV fentanyl (0.001 mg kg-1). Before premedication and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 hours after extubation, pain was assessed with a simple descriptive pain scale, that ranged from 0 (no pain) to 4 (intense pain). For pain scores ≥3, IM methadone (0.1 mg kg-1) was administered. Data were analyzed with the Friedman or the analysis of variance (anova) test, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Only two cats in the CTR group were administered one dose of fentanyl during surgery. At 2, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 hours after surgery, the pain score was higher in the CTR group. A mean dose of 0.5 ± 0.2 mg kg-1 methadone was administered to all cats in the CTR groups within 24 hours. Methadone was not administered to the TAP group (pain score < 3). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Ultrasound-guided TAP block can be a reliable adjunctive technique, providing analgesia for up to 24 hours in cats undergoing ovariectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Skouropoulou
- Transplants of Organs and Tissues and Cellular Therapies, D.E.O.T., University of Bari, Italy; Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Luca Lacitignola
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Centonze
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Simone
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Alberto M Crovace
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Staffieri
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
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Prevalence of spondylosis deformans in the feline spine and correlation with owner-perceived behavioural changes. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2017; 25:217-23. [DOI: 10.3415/vcot-11-06-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SummaryObjectives: The primary objective was to determine the prevalence, spinal distribution, and association with the signalment of cats suffering from different grades of feline spondylosis deformans (spondylosis). The secondary objective was to document behavioural changes associated with spondylosis by owner observation.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed to determine the prevalence of feline spondylosis (group 1). A prospective study was performed to determine the association between radiographic abnormalities of the lumbosacral region (L3-S1) and owner perceived behavioural changes based on a completed questionnaire (group 2). The radiographs were reviewed using a grading system (0–3) for spondylosis.Results: The prevalence of spondylosis in group 1 was 39.4% (158/402). Cats with spondylosis were significantly older than cats without spondylosis (p <0.001). The thoracic (T) vertebrae T4-T10 were most often affected by spondylosis, but spondylosis was most severe in the T10-S1 vertebrae. In group 2, spondylosis of the lumbosacral region was significantly correlated with owner-reported behavioural changes, such as a decreased willingness to greet people and to being petted, increased aggressiveness, and a poor perceived quality of life (p = 0.037).Clinical significance: This study found that feline spondylosis is common and that spondylosis of the lumbosacral region may be accompanied by behavioural changes.
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Lebkowska-Wieruszewska B, Kim TW, Chea B, Owen H, Poapolathep A, Giorgi M. Pharmacokinetic profiles of the two major active metabolites of metamizole (dipyrone) in cats following three different routes of administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 41:334-339. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - T. W. Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Chungnam National University; Daejeon South Korea
| | - B. Chea
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Royal University of Agriculture; Phnom Penh Cambodia
| | - H. Owen
- Department of Veterinary Science; University of Queensland; Gatton, Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - A. Poapolathep
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kasetsart University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - M. Giorgi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
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Taylor PM, Luangdilok CH, Sear JW. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of high doses of buprenorphine delivered via high-concentration formulations in cats. J Feline Med Surg 2016; 18:290-302. [PMID: 25944578 PMCID: PMC11112256 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x15581206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the potential benefits of high-dose buprenorphine formulations for analgesia in cats, serial and crossover studies were undertaken to investigate their pharmacokinetics and thermal antinociceptive effects. METHODS Twelve healthy adult domestic shorthair cats (6.0 ± 1.1 kg body weight) were studied. Aqueous solutions of buprenorphine hydrochloride at 0, 0.02, 0.06, 0.12 and 0.24 mg/kg body weight and formulations containing 0, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 mg/ml with and without preservatives were given subcutaneously. Blood samples were taken and thermal threshold (TT) measured prior to and at regular time points up to 72 h after dosing. Descriptive statistics and analyses of variance were applied as appropriate. RESULTS Baseline TT was 47.6 ± 4.1°C, which increased in all groups treated with all buprenorphine dosages and formulations. After doses of 0.12 mg/kg and above, TT was significantly higher than baseline at most time points from 1-30 h post-treatment. The time to maximum effect (Tmax) ranged between 0.25 and 2.00 h; and plasma concentrations associated with maximum antinociceptive effect (Cmax) were 1.01-1.72 ng/ml after the 0.02 mg/kg dose, 1.4-4.9 ng/ml after the 0.06 mg/kg dose, 4.6-51.4 ng/ml after the 0.12 mg/kg dose and 5.3-22.3 ng/ml after the 0.24 mg/kg dose. The range of estimates for the buprenorphine elimination half-life were as follows: 0.02 mg/kg = 1.35-5.33 h; 0.06 mg/kg = 16.1-31.2 h; 0.12 mg/kg = 10.1-34.0 h; and 0.24 = mg/kg 16.1-31.6 h. The mean 'plasma concentration for the offset of analgesia' was 2.3 ± 2.0 ng/ml. No adverse effects were seen. The addition of preservatives to a high-concentration buprenorphine formulation had no impact on antinociception nor any side effects. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Aqueous high-concentration buprenorphine formulations administered at 0.12 or 0.24 mg/kg have potential for clinical use in cats, providing prolonged antinociception in a single subcutaneous injection of minimal dose volume.
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Padilha V, Tocheto R, Beier SL, Volpato J, Oleskovicz N. Avaliação da analgesia pós-operatória da metadona, da cetamina ou da sua associação em gatas submetidas a ovariossalpingo-histerectomia. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-6930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A prevenção e o controle da dor são componentes básicos para um procedimento anestésico adequado. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a analgesia pós-operatória da cetamina, em dose subanestésica, da metadona e da associação de ambas pela via intramuscular em felinos. Foram utilizadas 24 gatas, hígidas, submetidas à ovariossalpingo-histerectomia eletiva. No dia anterior ao início do estudo, os animais foram anestesiados para colocação de cateter na veia jugular, para posterior coleta de sangue para mensuração da concentração sérica do cortisol. No dia do experimento, os animais foram alocados aleatoriamente em três grupos (n=oito), os quais receberam cetamina (GC), na dose de 0,5mg/kg; ou metadona (GM), na dose de 0,3mg/kg; ou cetamina e metadona (GCM), nas doses de 0,5mg/kg e 0,3mg/kg, respectivamente, todos pela via intramuscular. Todos os grupos receberam os fármacos 20 minutos antes da indução anestésica, a qual foi realizada com propofol, e a manutenção com isoflurano. Os parâmetros avaliados foram a mensuração do cortisol nos momentos M0 (basal - antes da cirurgia), M1(transoperatório), M2, M3, M4, M8, M12 e M24 (duas, três, quatro, oito, 12 e 24 horas após o término da cirurgia),e a do escore de dor por meio da escala multidimensional de dor aguda em felinos nos momentos M0, M2, M3, M4, M8, M12 e M24. Os valores de cortisol foram maiores no GC em comparação ao GM e ao GCM em M2 e M3. Os escores de dor foram maiores no GC nos momentos M2 e M3 em comparação ao GM e ao GCM, respectivamente. No somatório de pontos, no M2, o GC apresentou valores maiores que o GM e o GCM, e, no M4, o GC obteve valores maiores que o GCM. Em relação ao número de resgates no pós-operatório no GC, 8/8 dos animais necessitaram de resgate, no GM 5/8 e no GCM 3/8. Conclui-se que a associação de metadona e cetamina em gatas submetidas à OSH eletiva promove analgesia pós-operatória adequada e, assim, reduz o requerimento de analgésicos no período pós-operatório.
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Affiliation(s)
- V.S. Padilha
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil
| | - R. Tocheto
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil
| | - S. L. Beier
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - J. Volpato
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil
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YILMAZ ÖT, TOYDEMIR TSF, KIRŞAN İ, DOKUZEYLUL B, GUNAY Z, KARACAM E. Effects of surgical wound infiltration with bupivacaine on postoperative analgesia in cats undergoing bilateral mastectomy. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 76:1595-601. [PMID: 25649941 PMCID: PMC4300374 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The analgesic effect of wound infiltration with bupivacaine was evaluated in cats undergoing bilateral mastectomy. Twenty-one female cats with mammary gland tumors were anesthetized with propofol and oxygen-isoflurane anesthesia following premedication with atropine. In the trial group (Group I; n=11), 30 ml of saline containing 2 mg/kg of bupivacaine was infiltrated topically into the surgical wound right after removal of the mammary glands, whereas only saline solution was infiltrated in the control group (Group II; n=10). At the same time, carprofen (4 mg/kg) was also administered subcutaneously in both groups. Behavioral signs of pain were monitored during the recovery period after general anesthesia. In order to examine the behavioral changes associated with acute pain, a questionnaire was prepared and given to the owners to be completed 4 hr and then 10 hr after the operation. According to the owners' anwers to the questionnaire, a pain score was specified using a "numerical rating scale" for each cat. Although some cats showed mild to moderate pain, the pain score recorded at 4 hr after the operation was significantly lower in Group I (P<0.001). No significant difference was found at 10 hr after the operation between the groups. The incidence of vocalization, aggression and convulsion within 2 hr after the operation was also lower in Group I. In conclusion, wound infiltration with bupivacaine before incisional closure provided reliable analgesia at least 4 hr after bilateral radical mastectomy in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Turna YILMAZ
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcılar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - T. Seval Fatma TOYDEMIR
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcılar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail KIRŞAN
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcılar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Banu DOKUZEYLUL
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcılar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep GUNAY
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcılar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra KARACAM
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcılar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kalchofner Guerrero KS, Reichler IM, Schwarz A, Jud RS, Hässig M, Bettschart-Wolfensberger R. Alfaxalone or ketamine-medetomidine in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy: a comparison of intra-operative parameters and post-operative pain. Vet Anaesth Analg 2014; 41:644-53. [DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zeiler GE, Dzikiti BT, Fosgate GT, Stegmann FG, Venter FJ, Rioja E. Anaesthetic, analgesic and cardiorespiratory effects of intramuscular medetomidine-ketamine combination alone or with morphine or tramadol for orchiectomy in cats. Vet Anaesth Analg 2014; 41:411-20. [DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mathews K, Kronen PW, Lascelles D, Nolan A, Robertson S, Steagall PVM, Wright B, Yamashita K. Guidelines for Recognition, Assessment and Treatment of Pain. J Small Anim Pract 2014; 55:E10-68. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shilo‐Benjamini Y, Pascoe PJ, Maggs DJ, Kass PH, Wisner ER. Retrobulbar and peribulbar regional techniques in cats: a preliminary study in cadavers. Vet Anaesth Analg 2013; 40:623-31. [DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Staffieri F, Centonze P, Gigante G, De Pietro L, Crovace A. Comparison of the analgesic effects of robenacoxib, buprenorphine and their combination in cats after ovariohysterectomy. Vet J 2013; 197:363-7. [PMID: 23434263 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative analgesic effects of robenacoxib and buprenorphine alone or in combination, in cats after ovariohysterectomy. Thirty healthy cats were randomly assigned to receive buprenorphine (0.02 mg/kg, n=10; GB), robenacoxib (2mg/kg, n=10; GR) or their combination at the same dosages (n=10; GBR) SC. After 30 min cats were sedated with an IM administration of medetomidine (0.02 mg/kg) and ketamine (5mg/kg). General anaesthesia was induced with propofol and after intubation was maintained with isoflurane. Before premedication and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24h after extubation, pain and sedation were assessed using a simple descriptive pain scale, ranging from 0 (no pain/no sedation) to 4 (intense pain/ deep sedation). If the pain score was ≥ 3, rescue analgesia was provided using buprenorphine (0.02 mg/kg) administered IM. Pain score was higher in GB at 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8h compared to baseline and compared to GBR at the same study times. Moreover, the pain score was also higher in GB compared to GR at 2, 3, 4 and 6h. Pain score was similar at all study times between GR and GBR. Sedation at 1 and 2h was higher than baseline values in all groups. Cats in GB received rescue analgesia more often than cats assigned to GR or GBR. Robenacoxib was an effective analgesic drug in cats up to 24h after ovariohysterectomy. The addition of buprenorphine did not provide any additional analgesic effects compared to robenacoxib alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Staffieri
- Dipartimento delle Emergenze e dei Trapianti d'Organo, Sezione di Chirurgia Veterinaria, Universita' degli Studi di Bari 'Aldo Moro', SP per Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
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Corbee RJ, Barnier MMC, van de Lest CHA, Hazewinkel HAW. The effect of dietary long-chain omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on owner's perception of behaviour and locomotion in cats with naturally occurring osteoarthritis. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2012; 97:846-53. [PMID: 22882740 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2012.01329.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over designed study was to demonstrate the clinical effect, registered by a survey, of a 10-week period of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation of the diet (1.53 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 0.31 g DHA, both per 1000 kcal ME, equivalent to the complete diet) of 16 cats with radiologically documented, naturally occurring osteoarthritis (OA), in comparison with a 10-week period of supplementation with corn oil (0.00 g EPA and 0.00 g DHA, both per 1000 kcal ME). Cats on the fish oil revealed higher activity level (p = 0.07), more walking up and down the stairs (p = 0.07), less stiffness during gait (p = 0.03), more interaction with the owner (p = 0.07) and higher jumps (p = 0.03) compared to those on corn oil supplementation. In conclusion, supplementation of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids changes the owner's perception of some aspects of behaviour and locomotion in cats with naturally occurring OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Corbee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands Applied Biology, High School of Agriculture, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M M C Barnier
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands Applied Biology, High School of Agriculture, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C H A van de Lest
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands Applied Biology, High School of Agriculture, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H A W Hazewinkel
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands Applied Biology, High School of Agriculture, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Sano T, King JN, Seewald W, Sakakibara N, Okumura M. Comparison of oral robenacoxib and ketoprofen for the treatment of acute pain and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal disorders in cats: A randomised clinical trial. Vet J 2012; 193:397-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bortolami E, Slingsby L, Love EJ. Comparison of two formulations of buprenorphine in cats administered by the oral transmucosal route. J Feline Med Surg 2012; 14:534-9. [PMID: 22403414 PMCID: PMC11104194 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x12442038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This randomised, blinded, cross-over study investigated the ease of oral transmucosal administration of two formulations of buprenorphine using glucose as a control in 12 cats. The cats received three treatments: buprenorphine multi-dose, buprenorphine and the equivalent volume of glucose 5%. Ease of treatment administration, observation of swallowing, changes in pupil size, sedation, salivation, vomiting, behaviour and food intake were assessed. The data were analysed using MLwiN and multi-level modelling. Ease of administration of buprenorphine multi-dose was statistically different from glucose (P <0.001), and the administration of all treatments became easier over the study periods. Swallowing was not statistically different between groups (P >0.05). Mydriasis was evident after the administration of both formulations of buprenorphine. Sedation, salivation, vomiting, behavioural changes or in-appetence were not observed after any treatment. Cats tolerated oral transmucosal administration of glucose better than buprenorphine multi-dose, while buprenorphine administration was tolerated as well as glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bortolami
- University of Bristol, School of Veterinary Sciences, Bristol UK.
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Kamata M, King JN, Seewald W, Sakakibara N, Yamashita K, Nishimura R. Comparison of injectable robenacoxib versus meloxicam for peri-operative use in cats: Results of a randomised clinical trial. Vet J 2012; 193:114-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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PELLIGAND L, KING JN, TOUTAIN PL, ELLIOTT J, LEES P. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling of robenacoxib in a feline tissue cage model of inflammation. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2011; 35:19-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01288.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ferreira TH, Rezende ML, Mama KR, Hudachek SF, Aguiar AJA. Plasma concentrations and behavioral, antinociceptive, and physiologic effects of methadone after intravenous and oral transmucosal administration in cats. Am J Vet Res 2011; 72:764-71. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.6.764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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SIAO KT, PYPENDOP BH, STANLEY SD, ILKIW JE. Pharmacokinetics of oxymorphone in cats. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2011; 34:594-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01271.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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SCHMID V, SEEWALD W, LEES P, KING J. In vitro and ex vivo inhibition of COX isoforms by robenacoxib in the cat: a comparative study. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2010; 33:444-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2010.01166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Giraudel JM, Gruet P, Alexander DG, Seewald W, King JN. Evaluation of orally administered robenacoxib versus ketoprofen for treatment of acute pain and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal disorders in cats. Am J Vet Res 2010; 71:710-9. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.71.7.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Taylor PM, Kirby JJ, Robinson C, Watkins EA, Clarke DD, Ford MA, Church KE. A prospective multi-centre clinical trial to compare buprenorphine and butorphanol for postoperative analgesia in cats. J Feline Med Surg 2010; 12:247-55. [PMID: 19836984 PMCID: PMC11135598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2009.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and fifty-three cats undergoing surgery in seven veterinary practices in Great Britain were studied. They were randomly allocated to receive either 10-20 microg/kg buprenorphine or 0.4 mg/kg butorphanol with acepromazine before anaesthesia with propofol, Saffan or thiopentone and isoflurane or halothane. Routine monitoring was undertaken. Pain and sedation were assessed blind using a four point (0-3) simple descriptive scale (SDS) at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24h. Pain and sedation data were compared using non-parametric statistical tests and continuous data using t tests or analysis of variance (ANOVA). Anaesthesia and surgery were uneventful, and cardiorespiratory data were within normal limits. After surgery, overall, more cats had pain score 0 after buprenorphine and more had pain score 3 after butorphanol (P=0.0465). At individual time points, more cats had lower pain scores after buprenorphine at 2 (P=0.040) and 24 (P=0.036)h. At 24h 83% after buprenorphine and 63% after butorphanol had pain score 0 (P<0.04). Buprenorphine provided better and longer lasting postoperative analgesia than butorphanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly M Taylor
- Taylor Monroe, Gravel Head Farm, Downham Common, Little Downham, Nr Ely, Cambs CB6 2TY, UK.
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Al-Saffar F, Ganabadi S, Fakurazi S, Yaakub H, Lip M. Chondroprotective Effect of Zerumbone on Monosodium Iodoacetate Induced Osteoarthritis in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2010.248.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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AL-Saffar F, Ganabadi S, Yaakub H, Fakurazi S. Collagenase and Sodium Iodoacetate-Induced Experimental Osteoarthritis Model in Sprague Dawley Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/ajsr.2009.167.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Benito-de-la-Víbora J, Lascelles BDX, García-Fernández P, Freire M, Gómez de Segura IA. Efficacy of tolfenamic acid and meloxicam in the control of postoperative pain following ovariohysterectomy in the cat. Vet Anaesth Analg 2008; 35:501-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2008.00407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Combining local and general anaesthesia for better pain relief in dogs and cats. Vet J 2008; 178:161-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Slingsby LS, Taylor PM. Thermal antinociception after dexmedetomidine administration in cats: a dose-finding study. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2008; 31:135-42. [PMID: 18307505 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The optimum dose of dexmedetomidine for antinociception to a thermal stimulus was determined in a crossover study of 12 cats. In five treatment groups (n = 10 per group), dexmedetomidine was administered intramuscularly (i.m.) at 2, 5, 10, 20 and 40 microg/kg; positive and negative controls were administered buprenorphine (20 microg/kg, i.m.) and 0.9% saline (0.006 mL/kg, i.m.) respectively. Baseline thermal thresholds and visual analogue scale (VAS) sedation scores were obtained prior to drug treatment and then at regular intervals until 24 h after administration. The summary measures of overall mean thresholds and overall mean VAS scores were investigated using a univariate general linear model for multiple factors with post hoc Tukey's tests (P < 0.05). Only dexmedetomidine at 40 microg/kg displayed an analgesic effect (less than that of buprenorphine). The VAS for sedation did not significantly affect the thresholds obtained and treatment was the only significant factor to influence VAS. Dexmedetomidine resulted in higher VAS for sedation than saline and buprenorphine. Dexmedetomidine at 40 microg/kg significantly increased nociceptive thresholds compared with saline control, but less than buprenorphine. Dexmedetomidine produced dose-dependent sedation, but only the highest dose produced analgesia, suggesting that induction of analgesia requires the highest dose (or an additional analgesic) in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Slingsby
- Division of Companion Animals, School of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Zilberstein LF, Moens YP, Leterrier E. The effect of local anaesthesia on anaesthetic requirements for feline ovariectomy. Vet J 2007; 178:214-8. [PMID: 18036858 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Revised: 10/03/2007] [Accepted: 10/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A dose of supplementary ketamine was used to evaluate the anaesthetic sparing effect of adding local anaesthesia to general anaesthesia in cats undergoing ovariectomy. Fifty-six healthy cats were randomly assigned to receive lidocaine 2% (group L) as skin infiltration (1 mg kg(-1)), topical application (splash block) on both the ovaries (2 mg kg(-1), each) and on abdominal muscular layers (1 mg kg(-1)), or an equal volume of NaCl 0.9% at the same sites (group S). Anaesthesia was induced with a mixture of 20 microg kg(-1) medetomidine and 5 mg kg(-1) ketamine administered intramuscularly. Rectal temperature, ECG, heart rate and respiratory rate were measured continuously. Ketamine supplemental boli (1 mg kg(-1), intravenously) were administered in response to movements during surgery. Local lidocaine significantly reduced the need for supplementary ketamine. All animals were returned to their owners without complications. With this protocol, local anaesthetics reduced the need for injectable anaesthetic during feline ovariectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca F Zilberstein
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité de Chirurgie, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
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Viñuela-Fernández I, Jones E, Welsh EM, Fleetwood-Walker SM. Pain mechanisms and their implication for the management of pain in farm and companion animals. Vet J 2007; 174:227-39. [PMID: 17553712 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2006] [Revised: 02/01/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades there has been a dramatic increase in the literature relating to the mechanisms and management of pain in domestic animals. Understanding the mechanisms of pain is crucial for its effective management. This review highlights the current understanding of the neurophysiology of nociception and the plastic changes involved in chronic pain states. Additionally, we describe a range of novel molecules and pathways that offer opportunities for the development of mechanism-based analgesic therapies. Pain management in animals is limited by pain assessment which remains highly subjective, with clinicians relying on indirect measures of pain, using rating scales and (less frequently) quantifiable physiological and behavioural parameters. The need for a systematic approach which would assess different pain components is well justified. Species-specific issues on pain assessment and management in mammalian companion and farm animals are addressed in the later part of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Viñuela-Fernández
- Division of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Royal School of Veterinary Studies, Summerhall, Edinburgh EH9 1QH, UK
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Correa MDA, Aguiar AJDA, Neto FJT, Mendes GDM, Steagall PVM, Lima AFDM. Effects of remifentanil infusion regimens on cardiovascular function and responses to noxious stimulation in propofol-anesthetized cats. Am J Vet Res 2007; 68:932-40. [PMID: 17764406 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.68.9.932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of 2 remifentanil infusion regimens on cardiovascular function and responses to nociceptive stimulation in propofol-anesthetized cats. ANIMALS 8 adult cats. PROCEDURES On 2 occasions, cats received acepromazine followed by propofol (6 mg/kg then 0.3 mg/kg/min, i.v.) and a constant rate infusion (CRI) of remifentanil (0.2 or 0.3 microg/kg/ min, i.v.) for 90 minutes and underwent mechanical ventilation (phase I). After recording physiologic variables, an electrical stimulus (50 V; 50 Hz; 10 milliseconds) was applied to a forelimb to assess motor responses to nociceptive stimulation. After an interval (> or = 10 days), the same cats were anesthetized via administration of acepromazine and a similar infusion regimen of propofol; the remifentanil infusion rate adjustments that were required to inhibit cardiovascular responses to ovariohysterectomy were recorded (phase II). RESULTS In phase I, heart rate and arterial pressure did not differ between remifentanil-treated groups. From 30 to 90 minutes, cats receiving 0.3 microg of remifentanil/kg/min had no response to noxious stimulation. Purposeful movement was detected more frequently in cats receiving 0.2 microg of remifentanil/kg/min. In phase II, the highest dosage (mean +/- SEM) of remifentanil that prevented cardiovascular responses was 0.23 +/- 0.01 microg/kg/min. For all experiments, mean time from infusion cessation until standing ranged from 115 to 140 minutes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although the lower infusion rate of remifentanil allowed ovariohysterectomy to be performed, a CRI of 0.3 microg/kg/min was necessary to prevent motor response to electrical stimulation in propofol-anesthetized cats. Recovery from anesthesia was prolonged with this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana do A Correa
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, CEP 18618-000
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Steagall PVM, Taylor PM, Brondani JT, Luna SPL, Dixon MJ, Ferreira TH. Effects of buprenorphine, carprofen and saline on thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds in cats. Vet Anaesth Analg 2007; 34:344-50. [PMID: 17490466 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2006.00331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a prototype pressure stimulus device for use in the cat and to compare with a known thermal threshold device. ANIMALS Eight healthy adult cats weighing between 3.0 and 4.9 kg. METHODS Pressure stimulation was given via a plastic bracelet taped around the forearm. Three 2.4 mm diameter ball bearings, in a 10-mm triangle, were advanced against the craniolateral surface of the antebrachium by manual inflation of a modified blood pressure bladder. Pressure in the cuff was recorded at the end point (leg shake and head turn). Thermal threshold was also tested. Stimuli were stopped if they reached 55 degrees C or 450 mmHg without response. After four pressure and thermal threshold baselines, each cat received SC buprenorphine 0.01 mg kg(-1), carprofen 4 mg kg(-1) or saline 0.3 mL in a three period cross-over study with a 1-week interval. The investigator was blinded to the treatment. Measurements were made at 0.25. 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours after injection. Data were analyzed by using ANOVA. RESULTS There were no significant changes in thermal or pressure threshold after administration of saline or carprofen, but thermal threshold increased from 60 minutes until 8 hours after administration of buprenorphine (p < 0.05). The maximum increase in threshold from baseline (DeltaT(max)) was 3.5 +/- 3.1 degrees C at 2 hours. Pressure threshold increased 2 hours after administration of buprenorphine (p < 0.05) when the increase in threshold above baseline (DeltaP(max)) was 162 +/- 189 mmHg. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This pressure device resulted in thresholds that were affected by analgesic treatment in a similar manner but to a lesser degree than the thermal method. Pressure stimulation may be a useful additional method for analgesic studies in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo V M Steagall
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Carroll GL, Simonson SM. Recent developments in nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2007; 41:347-54. [PMID: 16267058 DOI: 10.5326/0410347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pain, particularly chronic pain, is an underestimated ailment in cats. Veterinarians tend to under-diagnose and under-treat pain in this aloof and stoic species. Until recently, there was only one analgesic (i.e., butorphanol) approved in the United States for use in cats; but many analgesics, particularly opioids, have been used extra-label for this purpose. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been used sparingly in cats because of safety concerns, which are less of an issue with the newer agents. Meloxicam is the only NSAID labeled for use in cats in the United States, but other agents are available in this country and are labeled for use in cats in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn L Carroll
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Taylor PM, Robertson SA, Dixon MJ. Evaluation of the use of thermal thresholds to investigate NSAID analgesia in a model of inflammatory pain in cats. J Feline Med Surg 2007; 9:313-8. [PMID: 17658436 PMCID: PMC10822634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2007.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated thermal threshold (TT) testing for investigation into NSAID analgesia in cats. Seven cats participated in two crossover studies. TTs were measured on thoracic skin using a device developed specifically for cats. Skin temperature was recorded, then the heater activated. At the behavioural end point heating was stopped and temperature (=TT) recorded. In part 1, TTs were measured following subcutaneous (SC) ketoprofen or saline. In part 2, the process was repeated after intradermal kaolin induced mild inflammation at the test site. TTs were measured before treatment and two hourly for 24 h. In part 1, skin temperature did not change but in part 2 it increased more after saline than ketoprofen. TT did not change significantly after any treatment. However, after ketoprofen TT fell below the 95% confidence interval (CI) in part 1 and increased above it in part 2. The method detected some NSAID effects but is unlikely to be sufficiently sensitive for study of NSAID analgesia.
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Väisänen MAM, Tuomikoski SK, Vainio OM. Behavioral alterations and severity of pain in cats recovering at home following elective ovariohysterectomy or castration. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2007; 231:236-42. [PMID: 17630889 DOI: 10.2460/javma.231.2.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify behavioral alterations in client-owned cats recovering at home following elective ovariohysterectomy or castration and determine owner perceptions regarding severity of postoperative pain. DESIGN Cohort study. Animals-145 cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy (n = 80) or castration (65) at 4 veterinary clinics in Finland. PROCEDURES Owners were asked to complete a questionnaire on their cats' behavior during the 3 days after surgery. Owners were also asked to indicate their perceptions of the severity of postoperative pain during these days by use of a 100-mm visual analog scale. RESULTS Owners consistently indicated that there were changes in their cats' behavior, with the most commonly reported alterations being a decrease in overall activity level, an increase in the amount of time spent sleeping, a decrease in playfulness, and altered way of movement. Changes (ie, either an increase or decrease) in aggressive behavior were rare. Median pain score the day of surgery was 15.0 mm for male cats and 25.0 mm for female cats. Behavior score was significantly associated with day of observation, type of surgery (ovariohysterectomy vs castration), owner-assigned pain score, and veterinary clinic. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that behavioral alterations can be detected for several days after surgery in cats recovering at home following ovariohysterectomy or castration and emphasized owner concerns about the existence of postoperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misse A-M Väisänen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 57, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Dixon MJ, Taylor PM, Steagall PVM, Brondani JT, Luna SPL. Development of a pressure nociceptive threshold testing device for evaluation of analgesics in cats. Res Vet Sci 2007; 82:85-92. [PMID: 16765390 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2006.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2006] [Revised: 03/27/2006] [Accepted: 03/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A pressure analgesiometric device was developed for unrestrained cats. Eleven cats were studied. Stimulation was via three rounded pins within a bracelet on the forearm. The pins were advanced by manual bladder inflation. Bladder pressure was measured using a strain gauge pressure transducer. The threshold was recorded at the behavioural end point. Thresholds were measured at 5 and 15min intervals for 2-4h, after removal/replacement of the cuff, for 120min after SC butorphanol (0.4mg/kg), and with mild skin inflammation at the testing site. Data were analysed using ANOVA. Pressure thresholds in untreated cats were around 150mmHg. The minimum interval for testing was established as 15min. Data were reproducible over 4h and beyond 24h. Thresholds in 5 cats increased (P<0.05) above baseline for 45min after butorphanol with a maximum increase of 270+/-182mmHg at 10min. Thresholds decreased with inflammation. The method appears suitable for feline analgesia investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Dixon
- Taylor Monroe, Gravel Head Farm, Downham Common, Little Downham, Ely, Cambs CB6 2TY, UK
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Lopez S, Pertuy S, Horspool L, van Laar P, Rutten A. Vedaprofen therapy in cats with upper respiratory tract infection or following ovariohysterectomy. J Small Anim Pract 2007; 48:70-5. [PMID: 17286658 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2006.00211.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The antipyretic and analgesic efficacy of vedaprofen (at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg) was evaluated after repeated once-daily administration (for three or five days) to 80 cats with upper respiratory tract disease or 302 cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. METHODS Both clinical trials were randomised, double blinded and placebo controlled. RESULTS In the upper respiratory tract disease trial, vedaprofen produced a significant reduction in rectal temperature when compared with cats administered antimicrobial treatment only. This antipyretic activity lasted at least four hours after administration on the first day of treatment (day 0) and at least eight hours on day 1 and day 2. Significantly more cats in the treatment group were classified as having returned to normal on day 5, day 6 and day 7 compared with the placebo group. In the ovariohysterectomy trial, scores for behaviour (on day 1, day 2 and day 3) and appetite (on day 1 and day 2) were significantly better in the vedaprofen group than in the placebo-treated cats. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Vedaprofen produced a clinically relevant reduction in body temperature and a more rapid return to normality in cats with upper respiratory tract disease. Vedaprofen treatment also resulted in more rapid recovery, presumably through the relief of pain and inflammation, in cats that had undergone soft tissue surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lopez
- Intervet Pharma R&D, Rue Olivier de Serres - BP 67131, 49071 Beaucouzé Cedex, France
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