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Xiao YS, He WJ, Jiang HC, Tan L, Ma J, Zhang Z. Clinical and whole exome sequencing findings in children from Yunnan Yi minority ethnic group with retinitis pigmentosa: two case reports. J Med Case Rep 2023; 17:226. [PMID: 37264419 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-03830-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of rare hereditary retinal dystrophy diseases that lead to difficulty seeing at night, progressive loss of peripheral field vision (tunnel vision), and eventual loss of central vision. However, a genetic cause cannot be determined in approximately 60% of cases. CASE PRESENTATION Two non-consanguineous Yi minority ethnic group families who have a 6.4-year-old boy and a 0.5-year-old boy, respectively, were recruited for genetic diagnosis. Here, we used whole-exome sequencing to detect mutations in the genes of the probands of the retinitis pigmentosa families, and Sanger sequencing to confirm the causal mutations identified by whole exome sequencing. In addition, we report two cases with retinitis pigmentosa caused by RDH12 (c.524C > T) and PRPF4 (c.1273G > A) pathogenic mutations. CONCLUSIONS These results might extend the mutation spectrum of known retinitis pigmentosa genes and give these two Yi minority ethnic group families from Yunnan more precise genetic counseling and more specific prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shuang Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650228, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ji He
- Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650228, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Chao Jiang
- Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650228, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Tan
- Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650228, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650228, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650228, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, 650021, Yunnan, China.
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Olthof AM, White AK, Kanadia RN. The emerging significance of splicing in vertebrate development. Development 2022; 149:dev200373. [PMID: 36178052 PMCID: PMC9641660 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Splicing is a crucial regulatory node of gene expression that has been leveraged to expand the proteome from a limited number of genes. Indeed, the vast increase in intron number that accompanied vertebrate emergence might have aided the evolution of developmental and organismal complexity. Here, we review how animal models for core spliceosome components have provided insights into the role of splicing in vertebrate development, with a specific focus on neuronal, neural crest and skeletal development. To this end, we also discuss relevant spliceosomopathies, which are developmental disorders linked to mutations in spliceosome subunits. Finally, we discuss potential mechanisms that could underlie the tissue-specific phenotypes often observed upon spliceosome inhibition and identify gaps in our knowledge that, we hope, will inspire further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk M. Olthof
- Physiology and Neurobiology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Alisa K. White
- Physiology and Neurobiology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Rahul N. Kanadia
- Physiology and Neurobiology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Park S, Han SH, Kim HG, Jeong J, Choi M, Kim HY, Kim MG, Park JK, Han JE, Cho GJ, Kim MO, Ryoo ZY, Choi SK. Suppression of PRPF4 regulates pluripotency, proliferation, and differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 37:608-617. [PMID: 31502671 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) are characterized by their self-renewal and pluripotency and are capable of differentiating into all three germ layers. For this reason, mESCs are considered a very important model for stem cell research and clinical applications in regenerative medicine. The pre-mRNA processing factor 4 (PRPF4) gene is known to have a major effect on pre-mRNA splicing and is also known to affect tissue differentiation during development. In this study, we investigated the effects of PRPF4 knockdown on mESCs. First, we allowed mESCs to differentiate naturally and observed a significant decrease in PRPF4 expression during the differentiation process. We then artificially induced the knockdown of PRPF4 in mESCs and observed the changes in the phenotype. When PRPF4 was knocked down, various genes involved in mESC pluripotency showed significantly decreased expression. In addition, mESC proliferation increased abnormally, accompanied by a significant increase in mESC colony size. The formation of mESC embryoid bodies and teratomas was delayed following PRPF4 knockdown. Based on these results, the reduced expression of PRPF4 affects mESC phenotypes and is a key factor in mESC. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Our results indicate that PRPF4 affects the properties of mESCs. Suppression of PRPF4 resulted in a decrease in pluripotency of mESC and promoted proliferation. In addition, suppression of PRPF4 also resulted in decreased apoptosis. Moreover, the inhibition of PRPF4 reduced the ability to differentiate and formation of teratoma in mESC. Our results demonstrated that PRPF4 is a key factor of controlling mESC abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Park
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hyeon Han
- Department of News-team, SBS (Seoul Broadcasting Station), Yangchungu, Seoul, South Korea.,School of Media Communication, Hanyang University, Seongdonggu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Gyeom Kim
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,School of Life Science, BK21 Plus KNU Creative Bioresearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jain Jeong
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Minjee Choi
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,School of Life Science, BK21 Plus KNU Creative Bioresearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hee-Yeon Kim
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gi Kim
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jee Eun Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Gil-Jae Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Myoung Ok Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Ecology and Environment Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea
| | - Zae Young Ryoo
- School of Life Science, BK21 Plus KNU Creative Bioresearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seong-Kyoon Choi
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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PRPF4 is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer by influencing growth, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of breast cancer cells via p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Mol Cell Probes 2019; 47:101440. [PMID: 31445970 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2019.101440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Pre-mRNA processing factor 4 (PRPF4), a core protein in U4/U6 snRNP, maintains snRNP structures by interacting with PRPF3 and cyclophilin H. Expression of the PRPF4 gene affects cell survival as well as apoptosis and is responsible for retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Proteomics analysis shows that PRPF4 may be a therapeutic target in human cancers. Nevertheless, the exact function and role of the PRPF4 gene are unclear. In this study, we assessed the expression of PRPF4 gene in human breast cancer cells. First, we confirmed that the PRPF4 gene was overexpressed in various breast cancer cell lines. Next, using breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and MDA-MB-468, we established stable cell lines with PRPF4 gene knockdown. We also performed microarray analysis to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying PRPF4 activity. All cell lines with PRPF4 gene knockdown exhibited reduced cell proliferation, remarkable reduction in anchorage-independent colony formation capacity, and reduction of PCNA protein, which is a marker cell of proliferation. Reduced expression of the PRPF4 gene induced apoptosis and changes in the expression of associated apoptotic markers in breast cancer cell lines. Knockdown of the PRPF4 gene reduced cellular capacity for migration and invasion (the key hallmarks of human cancers) and decreased the expression of genes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Microarray results showed that the expression of PPIP5K1, PPIPK2, and YWHAE genes was reduced at the transcriptional level, leading to reduced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. These findings suggest that knockdown of PRPF4 gene slows down breast cancer progression via suppression of p38 MAPK phosphorylation. In conclusion, the PRPF4 gene plays an important role in the growth of breast cancer cells and is therefore a potential therapeutic target.
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Tu J, Chen J, He M, Tong H, Liu H, Zhou B, Liao Y, Wang Z. Bioinformatics analysis of molecular genetic targets and key pathways for hepatocellular carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:5153-5162. [PMID: 31303768 PMCID: PMC6612290 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s198802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of death among cancers worldwide. In this study, we aimed to identify the molecular target genes and detect the key mechanisms of HCC. Three gene expression profiles (GSE84006, GSE14323, GSE14811) and two miRNA expression profiles (GSE40744, GSE36915) were analyzed to determine the molecular target genes, microRNAs (miRNAs) and the potential molecular mechanisms in HCC. Methods All profiles were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The identification of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was analyzed by the GEO2R method. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis performed database for Integrated Discovery, Visualization and Annotation. The miRNA-gene network and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network were correlated by the Cytoscape software. The key target genes were identified by the CytoHubba plugin, Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) plugin and miRNA-gene network. The identified hub genes were testified for survival curve using the Kaplan–Meier plotter database. Results Expression profiles had 592 overlapped DEGs. The majority of the DEGs were enriched in membrane-bounded organelles and intracellular membrane-bounded organelles. These DEGs were significantly enriched in metabolic, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and thyroid cancer pathways. PPI network analysis showed these genes were mostly involved in the pathogenic Escherichia coli infection and the regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathways. Combining these results, we identified 10 key genes involving in the progression of HCC. Finally, PLK1, PRCC, PRPF4 and PSMA7 exhibited higher expression levels in HCC patients with poor prognosis than those for lower expression via Kaplan–Meier plotter database. Conclusion PLK1, PRCC, PRPF4 and PSMA7 could be potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for HCC. Meanwhile, the metabolic pathway, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and the thyroid cancer pathway may play vital roles in the progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxue Tu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Meimei He
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfei Tong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People's Republic of China
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