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Ito Süffert SC, Mantese CEA, Meira FRDC, Trindade KFRDO, Etges APBDS, Vargas Alves RJ, Bica CG. End-of-Life Costs in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2024:10499091241285890. [PMID: 39313454 DOI: 10.1177/10499091241285890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Identify the costs of an oncology patient at the end of life. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted by screening Embase, PubMed and Lilacs databases, including all studies evaluating end-of-life care costs for cancer patients up to March 2024. The review writing followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Drummond checklist. The protocol is available at PROSPERO CRD42023403186. RESULTS A total of 733 studies were retrieved, and 43 were considered eligible. Among the studies analyzed, 41,86% included all types of neoplasms, 18.60% of lung neoplasm, All articles performed direct cost analysis, and 9.30% also performed indirect cost analysis. No study evaluated intangible costs, and most presented the macrocosting methodology from the payer's perspective. The articles included in this review presented significant heterogeneity related to populations, diagnoses, periods considered for evaluation of end-of-life care, and cost analyses. Most of the studies were from a payer perspective (74,41%) and based on macrocosting methodologies (81,39%), which limit the use of the information to evaluate variabilities in the consumption of resources. CONCLUSIONS Considering the complexity of end-of-life care and the need for consistent data on costs in this period, new studies, mainly in low- and middle-income countries with approaches to indirect and intangible costs, with a societal perspective, are important for public policies of health in accordance with the trend of transforming value-based care, allowing the health care system to create more value for patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Camargo Ito Süffert
- Graduate Program of Pathology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ana Paula Beck da Silva Etges
- Graduation Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- PEV Healthcare Consulting, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael José Vargas Alves
- Hospital Santa Rita, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute for Health Technology Assessment-IATS/CNPq, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Claudia Giuliano Bica
- Graduate Program of Pathology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Algu K, Wales J, Anderson M, Omilabu M, Briggs T, Kurahashi AM. Naming racism as a root cause of inequities in palliative care research: a scoping review. BMC Palliat Care 2024; 23:143. [PMID: 38858646 PMCID: PMC11163751 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-024-01465-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial and ethnic inequities in palliative care are well-established. The way researchers design and interpret studies investigating race- and ethnicity-based disparities has future implications on the interventions aimed to reduce these inequities. If racism is not discussed when contextualizing findings, it is less likely to be addressed and inequities will persist. OBJECTIVE To summarize the characteristics of 12 years of academic literature that investigates race- or ethnicity-based disparities in palliative care access, outcomes and experiences, and determine the extent to which racism is discussed when interpreting findings. METHODS Following Arksey & O'Malley's methodology for scoping reviews, we searched bibliographic databases for primary, peer reviewed studies globally, in all languages, that collected race or ethnicity variables in a palliative care context (January 1, 2011 to October 17, 2023). We recorded study characteristics and categorized citations based on their research focus-whether race or ethnicity were examined as a major focus (analyzed as a primary independent variable or population of interest) or minor focus (analyzed as a secondary variable) of the research purpose, and the interpretation of findings-whether authors directly or indirectly discussed racism when contextualizing the study results. RESULTS We identified 3000 citations and included 181 in our review. Of these, most were from the United States (88.95%) and examined race or ethnicity as a major focus (71.27%). When interpreting findings, authors directly named racism in 7.18% of publications. They were more likely to use words closely associated with racism (20.44%) or describe systemic or individual factors (41.44%). Racism was directly named in 33.33% of articles published since 2021 versus 3.92% in the 10 years prior, suggesting it is becoming more common. CONCLUSION While the focus on race and ethnicity in palliative care research is increasing, there is room for improvement when acknowledging systemic factors - including racism - during data analysis. Researchers must be purposeful when investigating race and ethnicity, and identify how racism shapes palliative care access, outcomes and experiences of racially and ethnically minoritized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Algu
- Temmy Latner Centre for Palliative Care, 60 Murray Street, 4th Floor, Box 13, Toronto, ON, M5T3L9, Canada.
| | - Joshua Wales
- Temmy Latner Centre for Palliative Care, 60 Murray Street, 4th Floor, Box 13, Toronto, ON, M5T3L9, Canada
| | - Michael Anderson
- Waakebiness-Bryce Institute for Indigenous Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Mariam Omilabu
- Temmy Latner Centre for Palliative Care, 60 Murray Street, 4th Floor, Box 13, Toronto, ON, M5T3L9, Canada
| | - Thandi Briggs
- Home and Community Care Support Services Toronto Central, 250 Dundas St. W, Toronto, ON, M5T 2Z5, Canada
| | - Allison M Kurahashi
- Temmy Latner Centre for Palliative Care, 60 Murray Street, 4th Floor, Box 13, Toronto, ON, M5T3L9, Canada
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Yamamoto C, Minakata D, Yokoyama D, Furuki S, Noguchi A, Koyama S, Oyama T, Murahashi R, Nakashima H, Ikeda T, Kawaguchi SI, Hyodo K, Toda Y, Ito S, Nagayama T, Umino K, Morita K, Ashizawa M, Ueda M, Hatano K, Sato K, Ohmine K, Fujiwara SI, Kanda Y. Cost-Effectiveness of Anti-BCMA Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma. Transplant Cell Ther 2024; 30:118.e1-118.e15. [PMID: 37802181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite its promising outcomes, anti-BCMA chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CAR-T) is the most expensive myeloma treatment developed to date, and its cost-effectiveness is an important issue. This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of anti-BCMA CAR-T compared to standard antimyeloma therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. The model included myeloma patients in Japan and the United States who have received ≥3 prior lines of antimyeloma therapy, including immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors, and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies. A Markov model was constructed to compare the CAR-T strategy, in which patients receive either idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel) or ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel) followed by 3 lines of multiagent chemotherapy after relapse, and the no CAR-T strategy, in which patients receive only chemotherapy. Data from the LocoMMotion, KarMMa, and CARTITUDE-1 trials were extracted. Several assumptions were made regarding long-term progression-free survival (PFS) with CAR-T. Extensive scenario analyses were made regarding regimens for no CAR-T strategies. The outcome was an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) with willingness-to-pay thresholds of ¥7,500,000 in Japan and $150,000 in the United States. When a 5-year PFS of 40% with cilta-cel was assumed, the ICER of the CAR-T strategy versus the no CAR-T strategy was ¥7,603,823 per QALY in Japan and $112,191 per QALY in the United States over a 10-year time horizon. When a 5-year PFS of 15% with ide-cel was assumed, the ICER was ¥20,388,711 per QALY in Japan and $261,678 per QALY in the United States over a 10-year time horizon. The results were highly dependent on the PFS assumption with CAR-T and were robust to changes in most other parameters and scenarios. Although anti-BCMA CAR-T can be cost-effective even under current pricing, a high long-term PFS is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Yamamoto
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Minakata
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Daizo Yokoyama
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shuka Furuki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Atsuto Noguchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Koyama
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takashi Oyama
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Rui Murahashi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Nakashima
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikeda
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kawaguchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hyodo
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yumiko Toda
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shoko Ito
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagayama
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kento Umino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kaoru Morita
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ashizawa
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masuzu Ueda
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kaoru Hatano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazuya Sato
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ken Ohmine
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Fujiwara
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Division of Cell Transplantation and Transfusion, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Kanda
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
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Gasoyan H, Fiala MA, Doering M, Vij R, Halpern M, Colditz GA. Disparities in Multiple Myeloma Treatment Patterns in the United States: A Systematic Review. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2023; 23:e420-e427. [PMID: 37659966 PMCID: PMC10844924 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
We performed a systematic review of the literature investigating the demographic and insurance-related factors linked to disparities in multiple myeloma (MM) care patterns in the United States from 2003 to 2021. Forty-six observational studies were included. Disparities in MM care patterns were reported based on patient race in 76% of studies (34 out of 45 that captured race as a study variable), ethnicity in 60% (12 out of 20), insurance in 77% (17 out of 22), and distance from treating facility, urbanicity, or geographic region in 62% (13 out of 21). A smaller proportion of studies identified disparities in MM care patterns based on other socioeconomic characteristics, with 36% (9 out of 25) identifying disparities based on income estimate or employment status and 43% (6 out of 14) based on language barrier or education-related factors. Sociodemographic characteristics are frequently associated with disparities in care for individuals diagnosed with MM. There is a need for further research regarding modifiable determinants to accessing care such as insurance plan design, patient out-of-pocket costs, preauthorization criteria, as well as social determinants of health. This information can be used to develop actionable strategies for reducing MM health disparities and enhancing timely and high-quality MM care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamlet Gasoyan
- Center for Value-Based Care Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Primary Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
| | - Mark A Fiala
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michelle Doering
- Bernard Becker Medical Library, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ravi Vij
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael Halpern
- Healthcare Delivery Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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Mateos MV, Ailawadhi S, Costa LJ, Grant SJ, Kumar L, Mohty M, Aydin D, Usmani SZ. Global disparities in patients with multiple myeloma: a rapid evidence assessment. Blood Cancer J 2023; 13:109. [PMID: 37460466 PMCID: PMC10352266 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-023-00877-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
There are disparities in outcomes for patients with multiple myeloma (MM). We evaluated the influence of sociodemographic factors on global disparities in outcomes for patients with MM. This rapid evidence assessment (PROSPERO, CRD42021248461) followed PRISMA-P guidelines and used the PICOS framework. PubMed and Embase® were searched for articles in English from 2011 to 2021. The title, abstract, and full text of articles were screened according to inclusion/exclusion criteria. The sociodemographic factors assessed were age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geographic location. Outcomes were diagnosis, access to treatment, and patient outcomes. Of 84 articles included, 48 were US-based. Worldwide, increasing age and low socioeconomic status were associated with worse patient outcomes. In the US, men typically had worse outcomes than women, although women had poorer access to treatment, as did Black, Asian, and Hispanic patients. No consistent disparities due to sex were seen outside the US, and for most factors and outcomes, no consistent disparities could be identified globally. Too few studies examined disparities in diagnosis to draw firm conclusions. This first systematic analysis of health disparities in patients with MM identified specific populations affected, highlighting a need for additional research focused on assessing patterns, trends, and underlying drivers of disparities in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sikander Ailawadhi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jackson, FL, USA
| | - Luciano J Costa
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shakira J Grant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohamad Mohty
- Sorbonne University, Department of Hematology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Saad Z Usmani
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Application of interdisciplinary collaborative hospice care for terminal geriatric cancer patients: a prospective randomized controlled study. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:3553-3561. [PMID: 35022886 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-06816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospice care (HC) is specialized medical care for terminal patients who are nearing the end of life. Interdisciplinary collaborative hospice care (ICHC) is where experts from different disciplines and patients/caregivers form a treatment team to establish shared patient care goals. However, the ICHC efficacy has not been frequently studied in the terminal geriatric cancer patient (TGCP) population. This study aimed to gain insight into ICHC provided to TGCPs by an ICHC team and identify factors to ameliorate multidimensional HC. METHODS 166 TGCPs were randomized by a computer-generated random number table using an allocation ratio of 1:1. The patients were divided into the ICHC group and life-sustaining treatment (LST) group. The scores of these questionnaires, such as EORTC, QLQ-C30, Hamilton anxiety scale, the median survival time (MST), symptoms improvement, the median average daily cost of drugs (MADDC), the median total cost of drugs (MTDC) in the last 2 days, and medical care satisfaction were observed in both groups. RESULTS After treatment, the improvement of emotional function and symptoms in the ICHC group were statistically higher than those in the LST group (P < 0.05). The MADDC and the MTDC in the last 2 days were statistically lower in the ICHC group than those in the LSTs group (P < 0.01). In addition, the overall satisfaction situation and the cooperation ability in the ICHC group were statistically higher than those in the LST group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The ICHC could provide TGCPs with coordinated, comfortable, high-quality, and humanistic care.
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Patel KK, Parker T, Di M, Bar N, Huntington SF, Giri S. Cost-effectiveness of once-weekly selinexor, bortezomib, and dexamethasone in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 62:2777-2784. [PMID: 34151696 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1933477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The BOSTON trial showed that use of once-weekly selinexor, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (SVd) prolonged progression-free survival compared to twice-weekly bortezomib and dexamethasone (Vd) in patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) multiple myeloma (MM). In this study, we constructed a Markov model to assess the cost-effectiveness of SVd versus Vd in R/R MM. We calculated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of each treatment strategy from a US payer perspective, using a lifetime horizon and a willingness-to-pay threshold of $150,000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). Use of SVd was associated with an incremental cost of $170,002 compared to Vd alone ($1,015,120 vs. $845,118, respectively), an incremental effectiveness of 0.35 QALYs (3.43 vs. 3.08 QALYs, respectively), and an ICER of $487,361/QALY. These data suggest that use of once-weekly SVd for R/R M/M is unlikely to be cost-effective compared to twice-weekly Vd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishan K Patel
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Terri Parker
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mengyang Di
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Noffar Bar
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Scott F Huntington
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Smith Giri
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Patel KK, Giri S, Parker TL, Bar N, Neparidze N, Huntington SF. Cost-Effectiveness of First-Line Versus Second-Line Use of Daratumumab in Older, Transplant-Ineligible Patients With Multiple Myeloma. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:1119-1128. [PMID: 33411586 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.01849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The MAIA trial found that addition of daratumumab to lenalidomide and dexamethasone (DRd) significantly prolonged progression-free survival in transplant-ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, compared with lenalidomide and dexamethasone alone (Rd). However, daratumumab is a costly treatment and is administered indefinitely until disease progression. Therefore, it is unclear whether it is cost-effective to use daratumumab in the first-line setting compared with reserving its use until later lines of therapy. METHODS We created a Markov model to compare healthcare costs and clinical outcomes of transplant-ineligible patients treated with daratumumab in the first-line setting compared with a strategy of reserving daratumumab until the second-line. We estimated transition probabilities from randomized trials using parametric survival modeling. Lifetime direct healthcare costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for first-line daratumumab versus second-line daratumumab from a US payer perspective. RESULTS First-line daratumumab was associated with an improvement of 0.52 QALYs and 0.66 discounted life-years compared with second-line daratumumab. While both treatment strategies were associated with considerable lifetime expenditures ($1,434,937 v $1,112,101 in US dollars), an incremental cost of $322,836 for first-line daratumumab led to an ICER of $618,018 per QALY. The cost of daratumumab would need to be decreased by 67% for first-line daratumumab to be cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $150,000 per QALY. CONCLUSION Using daratumumab in the first-line setting for transplant-ineligible patients may not be cost-effective under current pricing. Delaying daratumumab until subsequent lines of therapy may be a reasonable strategy to limit healthcare costs without significantly compromising clinical outcomes. Mature overall survival data are necessary to more fully evaluate cost-effectiveness in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishan K Patel
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Smith Giri
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Terri L Parker
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Noffar Bar
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Natalia Neparidze
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Scott F Huntington
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Yale Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, New Haven, CT
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