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Wu G, Yang G, Sun X, Li B, Tian Z, Niu X, Cheng J, Feng L. Simultaneous denitrification and organics removal by denitrifying bacteria inoculum in a multistage biofilm process for treating desulfuration and denitration wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 388:129757. [PMID: 37714492 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to treat real wastewater from the desulfuration and denitration process in a petrochemical plant with high-strength nitrogen (TN≈200 mg/L, > 90% nitrate), sulfate (2.7%) and extremely low-strength organics (CODCr < 30 mg/L). Heterotrophic denitrification of multistage anoxic and oxic biofilm (MAOB) process in three tanks using facultative denitrifying bacteria inoculum was developed to simultaneously achieve desirable effluent nitrogen and organics at different hydraulic retention time (HRT) and carbon to nitrogen (C/N) mass ratios. The optimum condition was recommended as a C/N ratio of 1.5 and a HRT of A (24 h)/O (12-24 h) to achieve > 90% of nitrogen and organics removal as well as no significant variation of sulfate. The denitrifying biofilm in various tanks was dominant by Hyphomicrobium (8.9%-25.7%), Methylophaga (18.6%-25.8%) and Azoarcus (3.3%-19.6%), etc., containing > 20% aerobic denitrifiers. This explained that oxic zone in MAOB process also exhibited simultaneous nitrogen and organics removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyang Wu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Guangfeng Yang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Harbor Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Xiaoran Sun
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Bu Li
- Sinopec Luoyang Petrochemical Engineering Corporation, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Zhijuan Tian
- Sinopec Luoyang Petrochemical Engineering Corporation, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Xinzheng Niu
- Sinopec Luoyang Petrochemical Engineering Corporation, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Junmei Cheng
- Sinopec Luoyang Petrochemical Engineering Corporation, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Lijuan Feng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Harbor Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Zhoushan 316022, China.
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Ye Y, Li Z, Ding S, Fu J, Liu H, Zhu W. Synergistic treatment of carbon dioxide and nitrogen-containing wastewater by electrochemical C-N coupling. iScience 2023; 26:107009. [PMID: 37534157 PMCID: PMC10391661 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction technology has been considered a promising approach to alleviate the severe environmental and energy issues caused by the anthropogenic over-emission of CO2. Coupling CO2 reduction with nitrogen (N)-pollutants reduction from wastewater to produce higher valued products (e.g., urea, amide, amine, etc.) could significantly extend the application scenarios and product categories of CO2 reduction technologies. This paper investigates the available CO2 and N-pollutants sources and summarizes the recent progress of electrocatalytic C-N coupling reactions. Based on the fundamental research, technical concerns for scale-up applications of C-N coupling electrocatalysis are thoroughly discussed. Finally, we prospect the opportunities and challenges with an in-depth understanding of the underlying dominant factors in applying C-N coupling electrocatalysis. Further development in recycling CO2 and N pollutants via the electrocatalytic C-N coupling process is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ye
- Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, the Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, School of the Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shichao Ding
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Jiaju Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, the Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, School of the Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Liu
- International Ecological Economy Promotion Association, Beijing 100005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenlei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, the Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, School of the Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Zeng Z, Wang Y, Zhu W, Xie T, Li L. Effect of COD/ NO3−-N ratio on nitrite accumulation and microbial behavior in glucose-driven partial denitrification system. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14920. [PMID: 37123922 PMCID: PMC10130780 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
COD/NO3 --N ratio was considered to be one of the key factors achieving effective nitrite accumulation during partial denitrification. In two parallel reactors incubated with glucose as carbon source at COD/NO3 --N of 3 and 5, respectively, the microbial community structure shift and the nitrite accumulation performance during long-term operation were investigated. The maximum nitrite accumulation ratios at COD/NO3 --N of 3 and 5 were 17.9% and 47.04%, respectively. Thauera was the dominant genus in both reactors on day 220 with the relative abundance of 18.67% and 64.01%, respectively. Batch experiments with different electron acceptors suggested that the distinction in nitrite accumulation at COD/NO3 --N of 3 and 5 might be caused by the differences in the abundance of Thauera.
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Li Y, Ren L, Li Z, Wang T, Wu Z, Wang Z. Harnessing Nickel Phthalocyanine-Based Electrochemical CNT Sponges for Ammonia Synthesis from Nitrate in Contaminated Water. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:53884-53892. [PMID: 36420862 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia is of great interest in water treatment with regard to the conversion of contaminants to value-added products, which requires the development of advanced electrodes to achieve high selectivity, stability, and Faradaic efficiency (FE). Herein, nickel phthalocyanine was homogeneously doped into the fiber of a carbon nanotube (CNT) sponge, enabling the production of an electrode with high electrochemical double-layer capacitance (CDL) and a large electrochemically active surface area (ECSA). The as-prepared NiPc-CNT sponge could achieve 97.6% nitrate removal, 88.4% ammonia selectivity, and 86.8% FE at a nitrate concentration of 50 mg-N L-1 under an optimized potential of -1.2 V (vs Ag/AgCl). Meanwhile, the ammonia selectivity could be further improved at the high nitrate concentration. Density functional theory calculations showed that the exposure of Ni-N4 active sites could effectively suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction and dinitrogen generation, enhancing the ammonia selectivity and Faradaic efficiency. Overall, this work sheds light on the conversion of nitrate to ammonia on the metal phthalocyanine-based electrode, offering a novel strategy for managing nitrate in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lehui Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhouyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tianlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhichao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, Shanghai 200092, China
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5
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Hang Z, Lu M, Wang H, Gao X, Zhang R. A novel approach to estimate and control denitrification performance in activated sludge systems with respirogram technology. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 121:112-121. [PMID: 35654502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Respirogram technology has been widely applied for aerobic process, however, the response of respirogram to anoxic denitrification is still unclear. To reveal such response may help to design a new method for the evaluation of the performance of denitrification. The size distribution of flocs measured at different denitrification moments demonstrated a clear expansion of flocs triggered by denitrification, during which higher specific endogenous and quasi-endogenous respiration rates (SOURe and SOURq) were also observed. Furthermore, SOURq increases exponentially with the specific denitrification rate (SDNR), suggesting that there should be a maximum SDNR in conventional activated sludge systems. Based on these findings, an index Rq/t, defined as the ratio of quasi-endogenous (OURq) to maximum respiration rate (OURt), is proposed to estimate the denitrification capacity that higher Rq/t indicates higher denitrification potential, which can be readily obtained without complex measurement or analysis, and it offers a novel and promising respirogram-based approach for denitrification estimation and control by taking measures to extend anoxic time to maintain its value at a high level within a certain range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Yali Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Zhenyu Hang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Meng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Haiguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xingdong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Ruina Zhang
- Shanghai Environmental & Sanitary Engineering Design Institute Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200232, China
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Luo J, Miao S, Koju R, Joshi TP, Liu R, Liu H, Qu J. Simultaneous removal of aromatic pollutants and nitrate at high concentrations by hypersaline denitrification:Long-term continuous experiments investigation. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 216:118292. [PMID: 35421667 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
If we can use toxic aromatic compounds as supplementary carbon source, the simultaneous removal of nitrate (NO3-) and aromatic compounds may be achieved at much lower chemical costs. This study uses the expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors to investigate the hypersaline (> 3%) denitrification performance, the removal of aromatic compounds, i.e., aniline, phenol, and their mixture, and the mechanisms involved in. The four reactors exhibit high removal efficiency of NO3- (> 92.8%) and aromatic compounds (> 73.9%) at 0-1200 mg/L of aromatic compounds. The formation of toxic intermediates such as catechol and azo dyes is revealed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with and without N,O-Bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) derivation, and their toxic effects lead to the lower cell survival ratios after exposing to phenol (64.2% ∼ 68.9%) than to aniline and mixture (72.7% ∼ 78.0%). The stable performance is associated with the more secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the adsorption of pollutants on EPS, and this was indicated from the higher fluorescence intensity in three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM). Moreover, the Halomonas and Azoarcus show high abundance and play important roles in the removal of both NO3- and aromatic compounds. Besides, quantitative real time PCR (RT-qPCR) results demonstrate the key role of highly abundant nosZ and nirS genes in denitrification. The toxic organics in industrial wastewaters are potentially feasible carbon sources for denitrification even under high-salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Shiyu Miao
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Rashmi Koju
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Tista Prasai Joshi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Environment and Climate Study Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Ruiping Liu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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7
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Nitrate Water Contamination from Industrial Activities and Complete Denitrification as a Remediation Option. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14050799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater is a scarce resource that continues to be at high risk of pollution from anthropogenic activities, requiring remediation in such cases for its continuous use. The agricultural and mining industries extensively use water and nitrogen (N)-dependent products, mainly in fertilizers and explosives, respectively, with their excess accumulating in different water bodies. Although removal of NO3 from water and soil through the application of chemical, physical, and biological methods has been studied globally, these methods seldom yield N2 gas as a desired byproduct for nitrogen cycling. These methods predominantly cause secondary contamination with deposits of chemical waste such as slurry brine, nitrite (NO2), ammonia (NH3), and nitrous oxide (N2O), which are also harmful and fastidious to remove. This review focuses on complete denitrification facilitated by bacteria as a remedial option aimed at producing nitrogen gas as a terminal byproduct. Synergistic interaction of different nitrogen metabolisms from different bacteria is highlighted, with detailed attention to the optimization of their enzymatic activities. A biotechnological approach to mitigating industrial NO3 contamination using indigenous bacteria from wastewater is proposed, holding the prospect of optimizing to the point of complete denitrification. The approach was reviewed and found to be durable, sustainable, cost effective, and environmentally friendly, as opposed to current chemical and physical water remediation technologies.
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8
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Stein N, Podder A, Lee Weidhaas J, Goel R. Simultaneous reduction of perchlorate and nitrate using fast-settling anoxic sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131788. [PMID: 34375826 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fast-settling, anoxic sludge (FAS) was cultivated and utilized in this study to simultaneously reduce elevated levels of perchlorate and nitrate in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (AnSBR). Average perchlorate and nitrate removal efficiencies of 96.5 ± 8.44 % and 99.8 ± 0.32 %, respectively, were achieved from an average perchlorate and nitrate loading rate of 159 ± 101 g ClO4-/m3·d and 10.8 ± 7.25 g NO3--N/m3·d, respectively, throughout long-term operation (>500-d). Batch activity tests revealed a preferential utilization of nitrate over perchlorate, where significant perchlorate reduction inhibition occurred when nitrate was present as a competing electron acceptor under carbon-limiting conditions. Specific perchlorate and nitrate reduction rates were shown to increase as the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the AnSBR was step-wise decreased and subsequently the perchlorate and nitrate loading rates were step-wise increased. Functional, mRNA-based expression of the nitrite reductase (nirS and nirK), nitrous oxide reductase (nosZ), perchlorate reductase subunit A (pcrA), and the chlorite dismutase (cld) genes illustrated the simultaneous activity of heterotrophic denitrification and perchlorate reduction occurring throughout a complete standard reactor operational cycle, and allowed for expression trends to be documented as the HRT of the AnSBR was reduced from 5-d to 1.25-d. Nitrous oxide (N2O) production was detected as a result of incomplete denitrification, where the largest N2O production occurred at the highest nitrate loading rates investigated in this study. Thauera species were heavily enriched at a longer HRT of 5-d, but were out-competed by Dechloromonas species as the HRT of the AnSBR was step-wise reduced to 1.25-d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Stein
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Aditi Podder
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Jennifer Lee Weidhaas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Ramesh Goel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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Development and tailoring of amino-functionalized activated carbon based Cucumerupsi manni Naudin seed shells for the removal of nitrate ions from aqueous solution. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Cao S, Du R, Zhou Y. Development of a denitrification system using primary sludge as solid carbon source - Potential to couple with anammox process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 737:140315. [PMID: 32783872 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrophic denitrification is a robust and reliable process for nitrogen removal from wastewater. However, wastewater often faces the issue of lacking carbon source. In this study, the feasibility of using primary sludge, a by-product of wastewater treatment plants, to support denitrification of high-strength nitrite wastewater was investigated. Results suggest the desired performance can be achieved with the influent nitrite concentration of 400 to 1200 mg N/L, and the optimal primary sludge dosage for the complete nitrite removal was 3.6 g VSS/g N. Ammonium removal was also detected along with nitrite removal. Microbial analysis reveals various types of denitrifying bacteria and a large number of macromolecular organics degrading bacteria existed in the microbial community. Notably, anammox bacteria, Candidatus Brocadia, was also identified with an abundance of 0.1%. The slow kinetics of carbon source release from primary sludge was likely the reason for the existence of anammox process. This study developed a promising nitrogen removal process using an alternative carbon source for denitrification, and it shows great potential to couple denitrification with anammox to reduce ammonium residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenbin Cao
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Rui Du
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering and Technology Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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11
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Cao S, Du R, Zhang H, Peng Y. Understanding the granulation of partial denitrification sludge for nitrite production. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124389. [PMID: 31344621 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Partial-denitrification (PD) has previously been demonstrated to be another pathway for nitrite production, which provides a cost-effective approach for nitrate (NO3--N) removal through combing with anammox. In this study, the formation of PD granules was firstly investigated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with influent nitrate of 60 mg N/L. The granulation process was explored via the physicochemical and biological characterization. Sludge granulation initiated within the first 20 days with an average size of 93.7 μm in diameter, it experienced a developing, shaping and matured periods, with a maximum size of 709.3 μm obtained. High nitrite production of PD was always maintained during the granulation with a mean nitrate-to-nitrite transformation ratio (NTR) of 88.3%, and in-situ maximum NO3-N reduction rate of 84.9 mg N/h/g VSS was obtained. Mature PD granules hold an excellent settling property with 5-min sludge volume index (SVI5) of 32.0 mL/g MLSS obtained and smooth surface with large amounts of rod bacteria covered. CaCO3 precipitates formed in the PD process played a vital role in the initial granulation, acting as the nucleus for cell attachment. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), mainly the proteins (PN) content, was found to be of supreme importance in granules developing and maintaining its structural stability. Besides, the abundance of Flavobacterium and norank_p__Gracilibacteria were revealed to be in accordance with the change of granules size, seemed to contribute to sludge granulation. The developed granule-based PD integrated with anammox process provides an engineering-feasible and economic-favorable solution for industrial nitrate wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenbin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Rui Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering and Technology Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering and Technology Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering and Technology Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
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12
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New direction in biological nitrogen removal from industrial nitrate wastewater via anammox. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7459-7466. [PMID: 31388729 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is an important scientific discovery in the field of wastewater treatment. This process is a sustainable option in nitrogen removal due to its energy-efficient and cost-effective advantage. Great effort has been made recently to remove ammonium from industrial and municipal wastewater via the anammox process with a preceding partial nitrification (PN) converting part of NH4+ to NO2-. Anammox process is seldom involved in the nitrate removal. Nitrate (NO3-), one of the main nitrogen compounds produced from various industries, is typically converted to nitrogen gas via denitrification process where a large amount of carbon source is consumed. Within this context, we reviewed the current technologies for high-strength nitrate wastewater treatment. It is found that nitrite accumulation often occurs during nitrate reduction, and its accumulating level would be increased at certain conditions (i.e., low C/N ratio and high pH). Hence, this provides a great opportunity to employ the anammox process to further convert nitrite in a more sustainable way. In this review, we highlight a new approach for industrial nitrate wastewater treatment via partial denitrification coupled with anammox process (PD-A). We also discuss the conditions to achieve successful PD-A process, economic and environmental benefits, and potential challenges as well as the future perspectives in practical application.
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13
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Du R, Cao S, Peng Y, Zhang H, Wang S. Combined Partial Denitrification (PD)-Anammox: A method for high nitrate wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:707-716. [PMID: 30878866 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Elimination of nitrogen pollution from wastewater containing high-strength nitrate (NO3--N) is a significant issue to prevent deterioration of water quality and eutrophication of receiving water body. Traditional denitrification process faces several challenges including the huge organic carbon demand, intermediate products accumulation, and long acclimatization period. In this study, an efficient solution was given by a novel two-stage Partial Denitrification (PD)-Anammox process. High NO3--N (1000 mg N/L) wastewater and municipal sewage (COD: 182.5 mg/L, ammonia (NH4+-N): 58.3 mg/L) were simultaneously introduced to the PD reactor for NO3--N converting to NO2--N. The NH4+-N and NO2--N in effluent of PD were removed in subsequent anammox reactor. Results showed that a satisfactory nitrogen removal was achieved by optimizing the volume ratios of influent NO3--N and municipal sewage, as well as the external organic matter dosage. The NO3--N removal efficiency reached up to 95.8% without accommodation period, along with the NH4+-N removal achieving 92.8%. Anammox contributed to 78.9% of TN removal despite the high COD (76.5-98.6 mg/L) in PD effluent was introduced, indicating the significant stability of the integrated process. The microbial analysis suggested that the Candidatus Brocadia, identified as anammox bacteria, cooperated stable with denitrifying bacteria in 215-day operation. The PD-Anammox process offers an economically and technically attractive approach in the high NO3--N wastewater treatment since it has great advantages of much low carbon demand, minimal sludge production, enabling simultaneous treatment of municipal sewage, and avoiding the common issues in traditional denitrification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering and Technology Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Shenbin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering and Technology Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering and Technology Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Shuying Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering and Technology Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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Dong H, Jiang X, Sun S, Fang L, Wang W, Cui K, Yao T, Wang H, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Fu P. A cascade of a denitrification bioreactor and an aerobic biofilm reactor for heavy oil refinery wastewater treatment. RSC Adv 2019; 9:7495-7504. [PMID: 35519961 PMCID: PMC9061216 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10510c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of an efficient denitrification bioreactor–aerobic biofilm reactor cascade for heavy oil refinery wastewater treatment was investigated.
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Chang TJ, Chang YH, Chao WL, Jane WN, Chang YT. Effect of hydraulic retention time on electricity generation using a solid plain-graphite plate microbial fuel cell anoxic/oxic process for treating pharmaceutical sewage. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2018; 53:1185-1197. [PMID: 30596323 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1530338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Treatment efficiency and electricity generation were evaluated using a solid plain-graphite plate microbial fuel cell (MFC) anoxic/oxic (A/O) process that treated pharmaceutical sewage using different hydraulic retention times (HRT). Short HRTs increased the volumetric organic loading rate, thereby reducing the MFC performance due to rapid depletion of the substrate (carbon/nitrogen source). The COD removal efficiency decreased from 96.28% at a HRT of 8 h to 90.67% at a HRT of 5 h. The removal efficiency of total nitrogen was reduced from 74.16% at a HRT of 8 h to 53.42% at a HRT of 5 h. A shorter HRT decreased the efficiency in treatment of the pharmaceutical products (PPs), which included acetaminophen, ibuprofen and sulfamethoxazole in an aerobic reactor because these antibiotic compounds inhibited the microbial activity of the aerobic activated sludge in the MFC A/O system. The average power density and coulombic efficiency values were 162.74 mW m-2 and 7.09% at a HRT of 8 h and 29.12 mW m-2 and 2.23% at a HRT of 5 h, respectively. The dominant bacterial species including Hydrogenophaga spp., Rubrivivax spp. and Leptothrix spp., which seem to be involved in PP biodegradation; these were identified in the MFC A/O system under all HRT conditions for the first time using next generation sequencing. Bacterial nanowires were involved in accelerating the transfer of electrons and served as mediators in the SPGRP biofilm. In conclusion, a SPGRP MFC A/O system at a HRT of 8 h gave better removal of COD, T-N and PPs, as well as generated more electricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-J Chang
- a Department of Microbiology , Soochow University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Yun-H Chang
- a Department of Microbiology , Soochow University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Wei-L Chao
- a Department of Microbiology , Soochow University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Wann-N Jane
- b Academia Sinica , Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Yi-T Chang
- a Department of Microbiology , Soochow University , Taipei , Taiwan
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Liao R, Miao Y, Li J, Li Y, Wang Z, Du J, Li Y, Li A, Shen H. Temperature dependence of denitrification microbial communities and functional genes in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor treating nitrate-rich wastewater. RSC Adv 2018; 8:42087-42094. [PMID: 35558806 PMCID: PMC9092073 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08256a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The temperature dependence of denitrification was investigated for high nitrate nitrogen denitrification in an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor. The optimal reaction temperatures were 15-35 °C in which nearly complete denitrification was achieved with the removal of COD maintained over 80%. Nitrite accumulation was observed at 10 °C indicating the incomplete denitrification at low temperature. However, almost complete denitrification was even accomplished as high as 52 °C. High-throughput sequencing detected a total of 84 bacterial genera and 7 phyla, and temperature variation resulted in the shift of microbial community structure and diversity. Proteobacteria thrived while Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were inhibited by temperature stress. The predominance of Halomonas and the significant decrease of Azoarcus at low temperature indicated a more important role of these two genera in denitrification in an EGSB reactor. The results of qPCR indicated that temperature exerted effects on the abundance of denitrification function genes, nirK, nirS, narG, and nosZ, due to the shift of the bacterial community. This study provided a comprehensive understanding of temperature effects on the denitrification process in an EGSB reactor treating high concentration nitrate wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhua Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute Jingdezhen 333403 China
- Department of Mechanical & Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23219 USA
| | - Yu Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China +86-025-89680377
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China +86-025-89680377
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China +86-025-89680377
| | - Zhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China +86-025-89680377
| | - Jie Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute Jingdezhen 333403 China
| | - Yueming Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute Jingdezhen 333403 China
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China +86-025-89680377
| | - Huijuan Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute Jingdezhen 333403 China
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Panja S, Sarkar D, Datta R. Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) is capable of removing insensitive high explosives from munition industry wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 209:920-927. [PMID: 30114741 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic organic explosive compounds in the wastewater stream of industrial munition facilities are subject to regulatory permits and require pretreatment prior to discharge. Munition industries are currently focused on developing insensitive high explosives (IHEs) such as dinitroanisole (DNAN), nitroguanidine (NQ), and 1,2,4-triazol-3-one (NTO), to replace conventional munitions such as trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). IHEs are typically more soluble than conventional explosives, and their production generates waste streams with high nitrate (N) concentrations. Several chemical remediation studies have attempted to degrade the explosive compounds within waste streams with limited success. Phytoremediation is a relatively new application for the remediation of munition industry wastewater, which is both environmentally and economically sustainable. Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides), with its massive and dense root system and ability to grow in harsh environments, has been observed to remove many chemicals from soil and water, including nutrients and TNT. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of vetiver in removing explosive compounds and N from wastewater effluents generated in an industrial munition facility. Results show that the removal efficiency of vetiver was a factor of the initial concentration. Successive batches of vetiver removed DNAN, NQ, and RDX by 96, 79 and 100%, respectively. More than 95% of N was removed by four successive batches of vetiver grass. A major portion of NQ and RDX was translocated from root to shoot. LC-MS analysis showed the presence of transformation products of RDX, HMX (1,3,5,7-Tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane) and DNAN in vetiver root and shoot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumik Panja
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA
| | - Dibyendu Sarkar
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA.
| | - Rupali Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
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18
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Mahdavianpour M, Moussavi G, Farrokhi M. Biodegradation and COD removal of p -Cresol in a denitrification baffled reactor: Performance evaluation and microbial community. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Rajmohan KS, Gopinath M, Chetty R. Bioremediation of Nitrate-Contaminated Wastewater and Soil. ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT, AND SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7485-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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20
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Dong H, Wang W, Song Z, Dong H, Wang J, Sun S, Zhang Z, Ke M, Zhang Z, Wu WM, Zhang G, Ma J. A high-efficiency denitrification bioreactor for the treatment of acrylonitrile wastewater using waterborne polyurethane immobilized activated sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 239:472-481. [PMID: 28544987 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The performance of a laboratory-scale, high-efficiency denitrification bioreactor (15L) using activated sludge immobilized by waterborne polyurethane in treating acrylonitrile wastewater with high concentration of nitrate nitrogen (249mg/L) was investigated. The bioreactor was operated at 30°C for 220days. Batch denitrification experiments showed that the optimal operation parameters were C/NO3--N molar ratio of 2.0 using sodium acetate as electron donor and carrier filling rate of 20% (V/V) in the bioreactor. Stable performance of denitrification was observed with a hydraulic retention time of 30 to 38h. A volumetric removal rate up to 2.1kgN/m3·d was achieved with a total nitrogen removal efficiency of 95%. Pyrosequencing results showed that Rhodocyclaceae and Pseudomonadaceae were the dominant bacterial families in the immobilized carrier and bioreactor effluent. The overall microbial diversity declined as denitrifiers gradually dominated and the relative abundance of other bacteria decreased along with testing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Zhaozheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Hao Dong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Zhongzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China.
| | - Ming Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Zhenjia Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Wei-Min Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, William & Cloy Codiga Resource Recovery Research Center, Center for Sustainable Development & Global Competitiveness, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4020, USA
| | - Guangqing Zhang
- School of Mechanical, Materials & Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China
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21
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Jeong Y, Lee S, Hong S, Park C. Preparation, characterization and application of low-cost pyrophyllite-alumina composite ceramic membranes for treating low-strength domestic wastewater. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Ucar D, Zhang Y, Angelidaki I. An Overview of Electron Acceptors in Microbial Fuel Cells. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:643. [PMID: 28469607 PMCID: PMC5395574 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFC) have recently received increasing attention due to their promising potential in sustainable wastewater treatment and contaminant removal. In general, contaminants can be removed either as an electron donor via microbial catalyzed oxidization at the anode or removed at the cathode as electron acceptors through reduction. Some contaminants can also function as electron mediators at the anode or cathode. While previous studies have done a thorough assessment of electron donors, cathodic electron acceptors and mediators have not been as well described. Oxygen is widely used as an electron acceptor due to its high oxidation potential and ready availability. Recent studies, however, have begun to assess the use of different electron acceptors because of the (1) diversity of redox potential, (2) needs of alternative and more efficient cathode reaction, and (3) expanding of MFC based technologies in different areas. The aim of this review was to evaluate the performance and applicability of various electron acceptors and mediators used in MFCs. This review also evaluated the corresponding performance, advantages and disadvantages, and future potential applications of select electron acceptors (e.g., nitrate, iron, copper, perchlorate) and mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Ucar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Harran UniversitySanliurfa, Turkey.,GAP Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Center, Harran UniversitySanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkLyngby, Denmark
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkLyngby, Denmark
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Jafari SJ, Moussavi G, Yaghmaeian K. High-rate biological denitrification in the cyclic rotating-bed biological reactor: Effect of COD/NO3(-), nitrate concentration and salinity and the phylogenetic analysis of denitrifiers. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 197:482-488. [PMID: 26369277 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of COD/NO3(-) ratio, nitrate concentration and salinity was tested on the performance of the CRBR in denitrification with catechol as carbon source. The maximum nitrate reduction attained at COD/NO3(-) ratio of 1. The CRBR operated at optimum COD/NO3(-) ratio could completely denitrify the nitrate at inlet concentration up to 1250mg/L without nitrite accumulation. The maximum denitrification rate in the CRBR was 3.56kgNO3(-)/m(3)d with a nitrate reduction efficiency of 99% when the bioreactor was operated at inlet nitrate loading rate of 3.6kgNO3(-)/m(3)d. The denitrification performance of the CRBR was not affected significantly by NaCl concentrations up to 20g/L. 16S rRNA fragment and phylogenetic analysis identified Pseudomonas resinovorans, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Bacillus cereus as the most abundant denitrifiers in biomass. Accordingly, the CRBR is a high-rate bioreactor and appropriate technology for treatment of nitrate-laden industrial wastewaters containing phenolic compounds and salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Javad Jafari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Moussavi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kamyar Yaghmaeian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Water Quality Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Abdallah R, Amrane A, Djelal H, Taha S, Fourcade F, Labasque T, Geneste F, Floner D. Energetic valorization of ammonium resulting from nitrate electrochemical reduction—Feasibility of biohydrogen production. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Petrovič A, Goršek A, Simonič M. A kinetic study on drinking water denitrification using a membrane bioreactor. OPEN CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2015-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis study determines the basic parameters of Monod kinetics for microbial growth within a membrane bioreactor using the Zenon ZeeWeed 10 MBR system. The influent nitrate concentration was kept at 70 ± 2 mg L
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26
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Cheng KY, Kaksonen AH, Douglas GB. Sequential in situ hydrotalcite precipitation and biological denitrification for the treatment of high-nitrate industrial effluent. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 172:373-381. [PMID: 25280045 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A sequential process using hydrotalcite precipitation and biological denitrification was evaluated for the treatment of a magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO3)2)-rich effluent (17,000mgNO3(-)-N/L, 13,100mgMg/L) generated from an industrial nickel-mining process. The hydrotalcite precipitation removed 41% of the nitrate (7000mgNO3(-)-N/L) as an interlayer anion with an approximate formula of Mg5Al2(OH)14(NO3)2·6H2O. The resultant solute chemistry was a Na-NO3-Cl type with low trace element concentrations. The partially treated effluent was continuously fed (hydraulic retention time of 24h) into a biological fluidised bed reactor (FBR) with sodium acetate as a carbon source for 33days (1:1 v/v dilution). The FBR enabled >70% nitrate removal and a maximal NOx (nitrate+nitrite) removal rate of 97mg NOx-N/Lh under alkaline conditions (pH 9.3). Overall, this sequential process reduced the nitrate concentration of the industrial effluent by >90% and thus represents an efficient method to treat Mg(NO3)2-rich effluents on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Yu Cheng
- CSIRO Land and Water, 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia
| | - Anna H Kaksonen
- CSIRO Land and Water, 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia
| | - Grant B Douglas
- CSIRO Land and Water, 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia.
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27
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Thermo-responsive copolymers with ionic group as novel draw solutes for forward osmosis processes. Macromol Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-014-2142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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28
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Sun FY, Wang XM, Li XY. An innovative membrane bioreactor (MBR) system for simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhou J, Gao J, Liu Y, Xiao S, Zhang R, Zhang Z. Contaminant removal performances on domestic sewage using modified anoxic/anaerobic/oxic process and micro-electrolysis. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:2773-2779. [PMID: 24527641 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.788074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to enhance removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) from domestic sewage in a sequencing batch reactor with added new materials. A modified anoxic/anaerobic/oxic (MAAO) process, integrating a micro-electrolysis (ME) bed in an anoxic tank, and complex biological media (CBM) in anoxic, anaerobic and oxic tanks to treat domestic sewage, and their performances were investigated. The MAAO system was operated at controlled hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8 h and mixed liquor recirculation (MLR) at 75%. The results showed that the MAAO system could effectively remove COD, TN and TP with average rates of 93%, 80% and 94%, respectively, in March, and 94%, 76% and 91%, respectively, in August. In this system, TP was primarily removed from the anoxic tank regardless of the operational conditions; removal contribution ratios to TP of the anoxic tank reached 56% both in March and August, indicating that the ME bed can effectively enhance phosphorus removal. TN was primarily removed from the anoxic and anaerobic tanks; removal contribution ratios to TN of anoxic and anaerobic tanks reached 36-38% and 37-38%, respectively. The oxic tank had the highest share of COD removal (56% both in March and August) in the removal of phosphorus. The outflow concentrations of COD, TN and TP were 3-46, 7-14 and 0.3-0.5 mg/L, respectively, in March, and 26-49, 9-15 and 0.04-0.1 mg/L, respectively, in August. COD and TN removal performances indicated that the innovative materials of the ME bed and CBM can effectively enhance COD and TN removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering/Research Institute of Environmental Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jingqing Gao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering/Research Institute of Environmental Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yifan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering/Research Institute of Environmental Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Shuai Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering/Research Institute of Environmental Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering/Research Institute of Environmental Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering/Research Institute of Environmental Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
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30
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Li H, Guo J, Lian J, Zhao L, Xi Z, Du H, Yang J. Effective and characteristics of anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) on denitrification by Paracoccus versutus sp.GW1. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:2563-2570. [PMID: 24527617 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.781198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) on microbial populations and the biocatalysing characteristics of AQDS on denitrifying strain GW1 are discussed. The results showed that microbial population abundances were 30, 6, 12 and 18% during the different periods (1st, 5th, 10th and 20th days). Strain GW1 utilized AQDS as an electron acceptor in the respiration chain and reduced AQDS to hydroquinone (QH2). The nitrate removal efficiency of strain GW1 was increased 1.14-1.63 fold with 0.04-0.32 mmol/L AQDS. A linear correlation was found between the nitrate removal reaction constant k[gNO3(-)- N/(gVSS x d)] (where VSS is volatile suspended solids) and AQDS concentration (CAQDS), which was k = 19.332 C(AQDS) + 11.115 (R2 = 0.9749). The stabilized oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) values with AQDS were lower 22-92 mv than the control during the denitrification process. The concentration of nitrite sequentially accumulated up to around 250 mg/L when nitrate have removed completely. The results suggested that AQDS as redox mediator was capable of biocatalysing the nitrate and nitrite removal rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Jianbo Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Jing Lian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Xi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Haifeng Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Jingliang Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, PR China
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31
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Liao R, Shen K, Li AM, Shi P, Li Y, Shi Q, Wang Z. High-nitrate wastewater treatment in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor and microbial diversity using 454 pyrosequencing analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 134:190-197. [PMID: 23500551 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Denitrification of high concentration of nitrate wastewater was investigated in expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor with sodium acetate as the carbon source. The optimal parameters were achieved with C/N mole ratio of 2.0, liquid up-flow velocity (Vup) of 3.0 m/h and pH of 6.2-8.2. Complete denitrification can be achieved even with nitrate nitrogen concentration as high as 14000 mg/L. Furthermore, 454-pyrosequencing technology was used to analyze bacterial diversity. Results showed that a total of 5573 sequences were obtained which could be affiliated to 6 phylogenetic groups, including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi and unclassified phylum. Proteobacteria (84.53%) was the dominant microbial population, followed by Firmicutes (13.24%) and Actinobacteria (0.38%). The dominate phylum was different from that in other anaerobic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhua Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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32
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Cao X, Qian D, Meng X. Effects of pH on nitrite accumulation during wastewater denitrification. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:45-51. [PMID: 23530314 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2012.679700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of nitrite accumulation during denitrification in mixed liquors with different pH values were studied. The mixed liquors were prepared by adding acclimated denitrifying activated sludge to synthetic wastewater with methanol (CH3OH) as the carbon source (chemical oxygen demand = 600 mg/L) and sodium nitrate (NaNO3) as the nitrogen source (NO3(-)-N = 50 mg/L). The results showed that the pH during denitrification could be kept constant using buffer solutions composed of KH2PO4, Na2HPO4 x 12H2O and Na2B4O7 x 10H2O. Nitrite accumulation was more serious at low pH than at high pH, regardless of whether the pH of the mixed liquor was stabilized during denitrification. The specific rates of nitrate and nitrite reduction were both inhibited by increased pH. The specific rate of nitrate reduction was more vulnerable than that of nitrite reduction to higher pH. Nitrite accumulation during these experiments resulted from different reduction rates for nitrate and nitrite. Nitrite reduction rates were inhibited by the presence of nitrate, which stimulated nitrite accumulation during denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsheng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environmental Restoration Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.
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33
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Bowden KS, Achilli A, Childress AE. Organic ionic salt draw solutions for osmotic membrane bioreactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 122:207-216. [PMID: 22771022 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Revised: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This investigation evaluates the use of organic ionic salt solutions as draw solutions for specific use in osmotic membrane bioreactors. Also, this investigation presents a simple method for determining the diffusion coefficient of ionic salt solutions using only a characterized membrane. A selection of organic ionic draw solutions underwent a desktop screening process before being tested in the laboratory and evaluated for performance using specific salt flux (reverse salt flux per unit water flux), biodegradation potential, and replenishment cost. Two of the salts were found to have specific salt fluxes three to six times lower than two commonly used inorganic draw solutions, NaCl and MgCl(2). All of the salts tested have organic anions with the potential to degrade in the bioreactor as a carbon source and aid in nutrient removal. Results demonstrate the potential benefits of organic ionic salt draw solutions over currently implemented inorganics in osmotic membrane bioreactor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie S Bowden
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno/M.S. 258, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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34
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Liu H, Guo J, Qu J, Lian J, Guo Y, Jefferson W, Yang J. Biological catalyzed denitrification by a functional electropolymerization biocarrier modified by redox mediator. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 107:144-150. [PMID: 22257858 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Electropolymerization biocarriers were prepared by the electropolymerization of polypyrrole (PPy) on an active carbon felt (ACF) electrode using doping anions anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS) or Na(2)SO(4). The functional electropolymerization biocarrier (ACF/PPy/AQS) with AQS was used as an immobilized redox mediator for the denitrification process. The characteristics of the electropolymerization biocarriers were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, elemental analyses, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The results suggested that the denitrification efficiency increased nearly 1.5-fold with ACF/PPy/AQS (0.04 mmol L(-1) AQS) compared to the control. A linear correlation was found for the k value and the AQS concentration (C(AQS)), which was k=624.71C(AQS)+83.87 (R(2)=0.9893). The ORP value stabilized around -200 mV for the denitrification process with ACF/PPy/AQS, which was -25 mV lower than that with ACF/PPy/Na(2)SO(4). Repeated-batch operations indicated that the denitrification efficiency with ACF/PPy/AQS maintained over 90% of the original value and exhibited better catalytic activity and durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
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35
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Qian J, Wang Z, Jin S, Liu Y, Chen T, Fallgren PH. Nitrate removal from groundwater in columns packed with reed and rice stalks. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2011; 32:1589-1595. [PMID: 22329150 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2010.545080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate leaching contaminates groundwater. The objective of this study was to determine if reed and rice stalks could enhance denitrification and reduce nitrate leaching into groundwater. Artificial groundwater spiked with nitrate and field groundwater samples were tested in the columns in sand reactors packed with either reed or rice stalks. The maximum nitrate removal rates were determined to be 1.93 and 1.97 mg nitrate-N l(-1) h(-1), respectively, in the reed and rice stalk-packed columns. The maximum nitrate-nitrogen removal rate in reactors packed with reed stalk was 1.33 mg nitrate-N l(-1) h(-1) when experimented with natural groundwater. Chemical oxygen demand consumption was higher when rice stalk (176.1 mg l(-1)) was used as the substrate, compared to reed stalk (35.2 mg l(-1)) at the same substrate dosage. No nitrite accumulation was detected during the test. The results demonstrate that agricultural byproducts, such as reed and rice stalks, may be used as substrate amendments for enhanced denitrification in natural settings, such as lakeside lagoons, ditches or wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhong Qian
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
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36
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An S, Stone H, Nemati M. Biological removal of nitrate by an oil reservoir culture capable of autotrophic and heterotrophic activities: kinetic evaluation and modeling of heterotrophic process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 190:686-693. [PMID: 21514047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.03.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Kinetics of heterotrophic denitrification was investigated using an oil reservoir culture with the ability to function under both autotrophic and heterotrophic conditions. In the batch system nitrate at concentrations up to 30 mM did not influence the kinetics but with 50mM slower growth and removal rates were observed. A kinetic model, representing the denitrification as reduction of nitrate to nitrite, and subsequent reduction of nitrite to nitrous oxides and nitrogen gas was developed. The value of various kinetic coefficients, including maximum specific growth rate, saturation constant, yield and activation energy for nitrate and nitrite reductions were determined by fitting the experimental data into the developed model. In continuous bioreactors operated with 10 or 30 mM nitrate, complete removal of nitrate (no residual nitrite) and linear dependency between nitrate loading and removal rates were observed for loading rates up to 0.21 and 0.58 mM h(-1), respectively. The highest removal rates of 0.31 and 0.94 mM h(-1) observed at loading rates of 0.42 mM h(-1) and 1.26 mM h(-1), with corresponding removal percentages of nitrate and total nitrogen being 75.4, 54.4%, and 74.4 and 17.9%, respectively. Developed kinetic model predicted the performance of the continuous bioreactors with accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie An
- Division of Environmental Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Canada
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37
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Huang X, Xiao K, Shen Y. Recent advances in membrane bioreactor technology for wastewater treatment in China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11783-010-0240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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