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Ruenkoed S, Nontasan S, Phudkliang J, Phudinsai P, Pongtanalert P, Panprommin D, Mongkolwit K, Wangkahart E. Effect of dietary gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) modulated the growth performance, immune and antioxidant capacity, digestive enzymes, intestinal histology and gene expression of Nile tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109056. [PMID: 37673386 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Dietary GABA plays an important role in a variety of physiological functions in animals, but this has been rarely reported in fish. This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with GABA on growth, serum antioxidant indicators, digestive enzyme activities, intestinal morphology, and the gene expression of Nile tilapia. Diets containing three different GABA concentrations, 0 (control), 200 mg/kg (GABA200), and 500 mg/kg (GABA500), were fed to Nile tilapia (6.97 ± 0.34 g) for 56 days. The present study found that increasing dietary GABA content could increase the fish growth performance including final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, average daily gain, protein efficiency ratio, and feed efficiency compared to the control diet. Interestingly, the feed conversion ratio was improved by dietary GABA supplementation. The antioxidant enzyme activities against ammonia stress of fish fed the GABA diets were significantly higher than the corresponding control group throughout the 96-h ammonia exposure. Moreover, significant increases in digestive enzyme activities including protease, amylase and lipase were found in fish fed the GABA diets. Intestinal morphology analysis revealed increased heights and widths of intestinal villi as well as thickness of the intestinal muscularis in fish fed the GABA diets compared to the control diet. The supplementation of diets with GABA significantly increased the expression level of immune- and growth-related genes. The above results indicate that dietary GABA can modulate the growth, improve their immune response and antioxidant status, gut health and morphology and gene expression of Nile tilapia. Therefore, GABA is a promising feed additive for Nile tilapia aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supranee Ruenkoed
- Research Institute, Pucheng Chia Tai Biochemistry Co., Ltd., Pucheng, Fujian, 353400, China
| | - Supap Nontasan
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Nutrigenomics, Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-district, Kantarawichai, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand; Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management, Mahasarakham University, Talad Sub-district, Muang, Maha Sarakham, 44000, Thailand
| | - Janjira Phudkliang
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Nutrigenomics, Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-district, Kantarawichai, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Piyachat Phudinsai
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Nutrigenomics, Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-district, Kantarawichai, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Piyapong Pongtanalert
- Research Institute, Pucheng Chia Tai Biochemistry Co., Ltd., Pucheng, Fujian, 353400, China
| | - Dutrudi Panprommin
- School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | | | - Eakapol Wangkahart
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Nutrigenomics, Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-district, Kantarawichai, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand.
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Su L, Sha H, Liu J, Yu L, Li H, Wang R. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) exposure induces liver developmental damage and perturbs lipid metabolism and oxygen transport gene expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27843-z. [PMID: 37233937 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
2,4-Dinitrotoluene (2, 4-DNT) is a common environmental pollutant. The toxic effect on mammals of 2,4-DNT has been well studied, but its toxicity on aquatic organisms is little known. In this study, 126 healthy female zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to different concentrations of 2,4-DNT (0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 mg/L) to determine 96-h semi-lethal concentrations (LC50). And then, 90 female zebrafish were exposed to 0, 2, 4 and 8 mg/L 2,4-DNT for 5 days to study liver toxicity. Exposed zebrafish developed hypoxia features, such as floating head and breathing rapidly, and then died. 96-h LC50 of 2,4-DNT in zebrafish was 9.36 mg/L. Histological data revealed that 2,4-DNT severely damaged the liver tissues, following with the round nucleus, dense interstitial tissue, dense arranged hepatocyte cords and more inflammatory cells. Additionally, the further result showed that the lower levels of lipid transport and metabolism (apoα2, mtp, ppar-α and acox) were noticed. But, exposed to 2,4-DNT for 5 days significantly upregulated the expression levels of genes involved in respiration (hif1a, tfa and ho1, p < 0.05). These results indicated that 2,4-DNT exposure disturbed lipid transport and metabolism and oxygen supply in zebrafish, which could contribute to severe damage in liver and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangxia Su
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Hang Sha
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Le Yu
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.
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3
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Pavlova E, Maslakova A, Prusakov K, Bagrov D. Optical sensors based on electrospun membranes – principles, applications, and prospects for chemistry and biology. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01821g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrospun membranes are promising substrates for receptor layer immobilization in optical sensors. Either colorimetric, luminescence, or Raman scattering signal can be used to detect the analyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Pavlova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Leninskie Gory 1-12, 119234, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Federal Research Clinical Center of Physical–Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya Street, 119435, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Aitsana Maslakova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Leninskie Gory 1-12, 119234, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill Prusakov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Leninskie Gory 1-12, 119234, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Federal Research Clinical Center of Physical–Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya Street, 119435, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Bagrov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Leninskie Gory 1-12, 119234, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Bagheri M, He X, Oustriere N, Liu W, Shi H, Limmer MA, Burken JG. Investigating plant uptake of organic contaminants through transpiration stream concentration factor and neural network models. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141418. [PMID: 33181989 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Uptake of seven organic contaminants including bisphenol A, estriol, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), carbamazepine, acetaminophen, and lincomycin by tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was measured. The plants were grown in a growth chamber under recommended conditions and dosed by these chemicals for 19 days. The plant samples (stem transpiration stream) and solution in the exposure media were taken to measure transpiration stream concentration factor (TSCF). The plant samples were analyzed by a freeze-thaw centrifugation technique followed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry detection. Measured average TSCF values were used to test a neural network (NN) model previously developed for predicting plant uptake based on physicochemical properties. The results indicated that moderately hydrophobic compounds including carbamazepine and lincomycin have average TSCF values of 0.43 and 0.79, respectively. The average uptake of DEET, estriol, acetaminophen, and bisphenol A was also measured as 0.34, 0.29, 0.22, and 0.1, respectively. The 2,4-dinitrotoluene was not detected in the stem transpiration stream and it was shown to degrade in the root zone. Based on these results together with plant physiology measurements, we concluded that physicochemical properties of the chemicals did predict uptake, however, the role of other factors should be considered in the prediction of TSCF. While NN model could predict TSCF based on physicochemical properties with acceptable accuracies (mean squared error less than 0.25), the results for 2,4-dinitrotoluene and other compounds confirm the needs for considering other parameters related to both chemicals (stability) and plant species (role of lipids, lignin, and cellulose).
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Bagheri
- Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Xiaolong He
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Nadege Oustriere
- Laboratoire Génie Civil Et Géoenvironnement (LGCgE), Yncréa Hauts-De-France, Institut Supérieur Agriculture, 48 Boulevard Vauban, 59046 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Wenyan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Honglan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Matt A Limmer
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Joel G Burken
- Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA.
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Boonnorat J, Kanyatrakul A, Prakhongsak A, Ketbubpha K, Phattarapattamawong S, Treesubsuntorn C, Panichnumsin P. Biotoxicity of landfill leachate effluent treated by two-stage acclimatized sludge AS system and antioxidant enzyme activity in Cyprinus carpio. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128332. [PMID: 33297261 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This research comparatively investigates the biotoxicity of landfill leachate effluent from acclimatized and non-acclimatized sludge two-stage activated sludge (AS) systems. Both AS systems were operated with two leachate influent concentrations: moderate (condition 1) and elevated (condition 2). The biotoxicity of AS effluent of variable concentrations (10, 20, and 30% (v/v)) was assessed by the mortality rates of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzyme activity. The treatment efficiency of the acclimatized sludge AS system for organic and inorganic compounds and nutrients (BOD, COD, TKN, NH4+, PO43-) were 75-96% under condition 1 and 79-93% under condition 2. The non-acclimatized sludge AS system achieved the treatment efficiency of 70-91% under condition 1 and 66-90% under condition 2. The acclimatized sludge AS system also achieved higher biodegradation of trace organic compounds, especially under condition 1. The effluent from acclimatized sludge AS system was less toxic to the common carp, as evidenced by lower mortality rates and higher GST activity. The findings revealed that the acclimatized sludge two-stage AS system could be deployed to effectively treat landfill leachate with moderate concentrations of compounds and trace organic contaminants. The acclimatized sludge AS is an efficient wastewater treatment solution for developing countries with limited technological and financial resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarungwit Boonnorat
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Klong 6, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand.
| | - Alongkorn Kanyatrakul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Klong 6, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand
| | - Apichai Prakhongsak
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Klong 6, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Ketbubpha
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Klong 6, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand
| | - Songkeart Phattarapattamawong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Thung Khru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Chairat Treesubsuntorn
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkhuntien, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Pornpan Panichnumsin
- Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management (EcoWaste), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkhuntien, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
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Akkaya Ö. Nicotiana tabacum-associated bioengineered Pseudomonas putida can enhance rhizoremediation of soil containing 2,4-dinitrotoluene. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:398. [PMID: 32864284 PMCID: PMC7438454 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoremediation processes are based on plant-bacteria interactions and can be effectively used for cleaning many pollutants from the environment to overcome the constraints of individual phytoremediation. Here, 1 mM and 1.5 mM concentrations of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) degrading Pseudomonas putida (P. putida) strain KT.DNT and various growth stages of Nicotiana tabacum (N. tabacum) were initially assayed in in vitro tissue culture system and the best conditions for the association of plant-rhizobacterium were ascertained to remediation of the soil contaminated with 2,4-DNT. 5-days old N. tabacum plants inoculated with 2 × 106 cfu/mL bacterial inoculum for 3 weeks were preferred for rhizoremediation experiments as they showed a nearly threefold increase in the fresh and dry biomass in comparison to noninoculated ones. When these seedlings were planted either alone or together with P. putida KT2440 or P. putida KT.DNT in soils contaminated with 1 mM and 1.5 mM of 2,4-DNT, the maximum degradation rate of 98% and ~ 93% were determined at the end of 14 days by KT.DNT inoculated tobacco plants. Our results indicate that it would be advantageous to use the 2,4-DNT-degrading bacterium inoculated with N. tabacum plants to accelerate and enhance the cleanup of soil contaminated with 2,4-DNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Akkaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
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7
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Okozide OE, Adebusoye SA, Obayori OS. Aerobic degradation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene: Effect of raw organic wastes and nitrogen fortification. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2020; 49:835-846. [PMID: 33016493 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
2,4-Dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), a principal derivative generated in the synthesis of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, is widely used as a waterproofer, plasticizer, and gelatinizer in propellants and explosives. This compound has been documented as a priority pollutant because of its toxicity. Therefore, its removal from contaminated systems is a major focus of research and environmental attention. The presence of 2,4-DNT bacterial-degrading strains that could utilize 2,4-DNT as growth substrate in polluted sites in Ibadan, Nigeria, was determined using continual enrichment techniques on nitroaromatic mixtures. Proteus sp. strain OSES2 isolated in this study was characterized by phenotypic typing and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Growth of the strain on 2,4-DNT resulted in an exponential increase in biomass and complete substrate utilization within 72 h, accompanied by NO3 - elimination. Degradation competence was enhanced in the presence of corn steep liquor, molasses, and Tween 80 compared with incubation without amendment. Conversely, amendment with nitrogen sources yielded no significant improvement in degradation. Use of these organic wastes as candidates in a bioremediation strategy should be exploited. This would provide a less-expensive organic source supplement for cleanup purposes, with the ultimate aim of reducing the cost of bioremediation while reducing wastes intended for landfill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osekokhune E Okozide
- Dep. of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Univ. of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, 100213, Nigeria
| | - Sunday A Adebusoye
- Dep. of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Univ. of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, 100213, Nigeria
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Akkaya Ö, Arslan E. Biotransformation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene by the beneficial association of engineered Pseudomonas putida with Arabidopsis thaliana. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:408. [PMID: 31692640 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) is a priority environmental xenobiotic pollutant which has toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic properties. Thus, its biodegradation by applying recent approaches such as taking advantage of plant-bacteria interactions is crucial. In this work, the genes from Burkholderia sp. R34, necessary for 2,4-DNT degradation, were integrated into wild-type Pseudomonas putida (P. putida) KT2440 genome, and this strain, named KT.DNT, was inoculated to soil in in vitro conditions. To estimate the disappearance of 2,4-DNT in contaminated soil, samples were taken from different time intervals, extracted and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Biotransformation of 2,4-DNT increased gradually and the degradation in soil after 14-days of treatment with the bacterium was found to be the 97.1%, indicating that the engineered strain could be a remarkable candidate for in situ bioremediation of 2,4-DNT-contaminated sites. In addition, in vitro interaction of this bacterium with a model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana), enhanced lateral root and root hair formation together with dry root weight. Moreover, the initial 2,4-DNT concentration was decreased to 68% within 2 h with the plant-associated KT.DNT in liquid culture. Hence, the usage of this bacterium with plants could also be a promising application for the 2,4-DNT biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Akkaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ebru Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
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9
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Xiong J, Sha H, Zhou H, Peng L, Wu L, Qiu Y, Wang R, Hu X. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (DNT) Perturbs Yolk Absorption, Liver Development and Lipid Metabolism/Oxygen Transport Gene Expression in Zebrafish Embryos and Larvae. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3632. [PMID: 31349543 PMCID: PMC6695736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) is a common environmental pollutant, and was classified as a group 2B human carcinogenic compound by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. This study determined the toxic effects of 2,4-DNT exposure on zebrafish at the embryo-larvae stage, in terms of organ morphogenesis and the expression pattern of selected target genes related to lipid metabolism and oxygen transportation. The results showed that the 120-h post-fertilization LC50 of 2,4-DNT was 9.59 mg/L with a 95% confidence interval of 8.89-10.44 mg/L. The larvae treated with 2,4-DNT showed toxic symptoms including smaller body, less skin pigment production, yolk malabsorption, and disordered liver development. Further studies on the expression of genes related to lipid transport and metabolism, and respiration indicated that they were significantly affected by 2,4-DNT. It is concluded that 2,4-DNT exposure perturbed liver development and yolk absorption in early-life zebrafish, and disturbed the lipid metabolism /oxygen transport gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglin Xiong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Hang Sha
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Hualin Zhou
- Agricultural College, Xiangyang Vocational and Technical College, Xiangyang 441050, China
| | - Lijuan Peng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Lingying Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Xianqin Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
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Takdastan A, Ravanbakhsh M, Hazrati M, Safapour S. Removal of dinitrotoluene from petrochemical wastewater by Fenton oxidation, kinetics and the optimum experiment conditions. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Kiratitanavit W, Bruno FF, Kumar J, Nagarajan R. Facile enzymatic preparation of fluorescent conjugated polymers of phenols and their application in sensing. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ferdinando F. Bruno
- US Army Natick Soldier Research Development and Engineering Center, RDECOM; Natick Massachusetts 01760
| | - Jayant Kumar
- Center for Advanced Materials and HEROES Initiative, University of Massachusetts; Lowell Massachusetts 01854
- Department of Physics; University of Massachusetts; Lowell Massachusetts 01854
| | - Ramaswamy Nagarajan
- Department of Plastics Engineering; University of Massachusetts; Lowell Massachusetts 01854
- Center for Advanced Materials and HEROES Initiative, University of Massachusetts; Lowell Massachusetts 01854
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12
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Molecularly imprinted polymers labeled with amino-functionalized carbon dots for fluorescent determination of 2,4-dinitrotoluene. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Burkina V, Zamaratskaia G, Oliveira R, Fedorova G, Grabicova K, Schmidt-Posthaus H, Steinbach C, Domingues I, Golovko O, Sakalli S, Grabic R, Randak T, Zlabek V. Sub-lethal effects and bioconcentration of the human pharmaceutical clotrimazole in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 159:10-22. [PMID: 27268790 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize biomarker responses, haematological profiles, structural changes and uptake in juvenile rainbow trout exposed to clotrimazole (CLO) at three concentrations (0.01 - [lowest environmentally relevant concentration], 1.0 [highest environmentally relevant concentration] and 10 μg L(-1)) in a semi-static system over a period of 42 days. Antioxidant defence enzymes, which responded to CLO exposure, changed the oxidative stress status of cells, but no differences were observed in lipid peroxidation. Clotrimazole triggered a biphasic response of CYP3A-like activity in liver microsomes, which may indicate a detoxification process in the liver. Histopathological alterations were most pronounced in kidneys and testes in the group exposed to 10 μg L(-1). Structural changes in the kidney included tubulonephrosis and hyaline droplet degeneration in the tubular epithelial cells. The relative proportions of germ cells in testes were changed: The number of spermatozoa was reduced, and the spermatogonia and spermatocytes were increased. The highest CLO concentration was detected in fish liver (3710 ng per gram wet tissue) and kidney (4280 ng per gram wet tissue). Depuration half-life was estimated to be 72, 159, and 682 h in liver, muscle, and kidney, respectively. Taken together, these results provide valuable toxicological data on the effects of CLO on aquatic non-target organisms, which could be useful for further understanding of the potential risks in the real aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Burkina
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Galia Zamaratskaia
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Food Science, P.O. Box 7051, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Rhaul Oliveira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ganna Fedorova
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Katerina Grabicova
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Heike Schmidt-Posthaus
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Vetsuisse Faculty, Laenggassstrasse 122, Bern 3001, Switzerland.
| | - Christoph Steinbach
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Inês Domingues
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Oksana Golovko
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Sidika Sakalli
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomas Randak
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimir Zlabek
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
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14
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Berntssen MHG, Ørnsrud R, Rasinger J, Søfteland L, Lock EJ, Kolås K, Moren M, Hylland K, Silva J, Johansen J, Lie K. Dietary vitamin A supplementation ameliorates the effects of poly-aromatic hydrocarbons in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 175:171-183. [PMID: 27060237 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported on the interaction between vitamin A (VA) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-binding toxicants, including poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In aquaculture, the use of plant oils in novel aquafeeds can increase PAH levels while simultaneously lowering natural VA background levels, causing the need to supplement plant oil-based feeds with synthetic VA. To study dietary VA-PAH interactions, Atlantic salmon (initial weight 195±0.15g) were fed four identical plant-based diets that were supplemented with PAHs (100 and 10mgkg(-1) benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and phenanthrene (Phe), respectively) or VA (retinyl acetate 8721IUkg(-1)) separately or combined for 2.5 months in a 2×2 factorial design, with triplicate net-pens per diet. Dietary PAH significantly reduced hepatic VA storage, and VA-enriched diets restored hepatic VA. There was a significant PAH-VA interaction effect on hepatic BaP, but not Phe, accumulation, with reduced hepatic BaP concentrations in fish fed VA+PAH compared to fish fed PAH alone. Concurrently, PAH and VA significantly interacted in their effects on CYP1A phase I biotransformation as observed from increased ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, increased CYP1A protein concentration, and elevated transcription (cyp1a1 gene expression) in fish fed PAH+VA compared to PAH alone. Dietary VA supplementation alone had no significant effect on CYP1A phase I biotransformation. Metabolomic assessment showed that dietary VA caused a restoration of metabolic intermediates involved in energy metabolism that were affected by dietary PAH. Moreover, a PAH-induced growth inhibition was partially ameliorated by dietary VA supplementation. In conclusion, dietary VA interacted with PAH toxicity on the level of CYP1A-mediated detoxification, hepatic PAH accumulation, energy allocation, and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ketil Hylland
- University of Oslo, Department of Bioscience, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
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15
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Podlipná R, Pospíšilová B, Vaněk T. Biodegradation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene by different plant species. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 112:54-59. [PMID: 25463853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the past century, rapid growth of population, mining and industrialization significantly contributed to extensive soil, air and water contamination. The 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), used mostly as explosive, belongs to the hazardous xenobiotics. Soils and waters contaminated with 2,4-DNT may be cleaned by phytoremediation using suitable plant species. The ability of crop plants (hemp, flax, sunflower and mustard) to germinate and grow on soils contaminated with 2,4-DNT was compared. Stimulation of their growth was found at 0.252 mg/g 2,4-DNT. The lethal concentration for the growth for these species was around 1 mg/g. In hydropony, the above mentioned species were able to survive 200 mg/l 2,4-DNT, the concentration close to maximal solubility of 2,4-DNT in water. Metabolism of 2,4-DNT was tested using suspension culture of soapwort and reed. The degradation products 2-aminonitrotoluene and 4-aminonitrotoluene were found both in the medium and in the acetone extract of plant cells. The test showed that the toxicity of these metabolites was higher than the toxicity of the parent compound, but 2,4-diaminotoluene, the product of next reduction step, was less toxic in the concentration range tested (0-200 mg/l).
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Podlipná
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Pospíšilová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Vaněk
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha 6, Czech Republic.
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16
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Schwarzenberg A, Tabet JC, Cole RB, Machuron-Mandard X, Dossmann H. New insights into dissociation of deprotonated 2,4-dinitrotoluene by combined high-resolution mass spectrometry and density functional theory calculations. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:29-34. [PMID: 25462360 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) is a nitroaromatic explosive which is commonly found in environmental samples close to training points, firing places, and manufacturers. Mass spectrometry analysis of this compound shows one main product ion that distinguishes it from the other isomers of DNT. We present here a detailed mechanistic study on the formation of this ion. METHODS 2,4-DNT was analyzed using negative electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (ESI-HRMS) using a linear ion trap quadrupole LTQ-Orbitrap XL mass spectrometer. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments were performed on the [M-H](-) ion obtained. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to support experimental observations. RESULTS Fragmentation of deprotonated 2,4-DNT [M-H](-) (m/z 181) yields a main product ion at m/z 116. The mechanism of formation of this diagnostic product ion is not obvious and it has never been rationalized. Calculations were performed to probe different mechanistic variants, which are discussed in this work. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of possible pathways to form the m/z 116 ion from the m/z 181 precursor shows that its formation is likely to proceed first via NO(•) loss, followed by eliminations of H2 O and then HO(•) .
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Schwarzenberg
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CSOB/IPCM UMR 8232, 4, Place Jussieu BP 45, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
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17
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Kundu D, Hazra C, Chaudhari A. Biodegradation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene with Rhodococcus pyridinivorans NT2: characteristics, kinetic modeling, physiological responses and metabolic pathway. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02450a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological responses ofRhodococcus pyridinivoransNT2 and elucidation of metabolic intermediates formed during biodegradation of 2,4-DNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasree Kundu
- School of Life Sciences
- North Maharashtra University
- Jalgaon 425 001
- India
| | - Chinmay Hazra
- School of Life Sciences
- North Maharashtra University
- Jalgaon 425 001
- India
| | - Ambalal Chaudhari
- School of Life Sciences
- North Maharashtra University
- Jalgaon 425 001
- India
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18
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Lin CH, Chou PH, Chen PJ. Two azole fungicides (carcinogenic triadimefon and non-carcinogenic myclobutanil) exhibit different hepatic cytochrome P450 activities in medaka fish. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 277:150-158. [PMID: 24962053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Conazoles are a class of imidazole- or triazole-containing drugs commonly used as fungicides in agriculture and medicine. The broad application of azole drugs has led to the contamination of surface aquifers receiving the effluent of municipal or hospital wastewater or agricultural runoff. Several triazoles are rodent carcinogens; azole pollution is a concern to environmental safety and human health. However, the carcinogenic mechanisms associated with cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) of conazoles remain unclear. We exposed adult medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) to continuous aqueous solutions of carcinogenic triadimefon and non-carcinogenic myclobutanil for 7 to 20 days at sub-lethal or environmentally relevant concentrations and assessed hepatic CYP activity and gene expression associated with CYP-mediated toxicity. Both triadimefon and myclobutanil induced hepatic CYP3A activity, but only triadimefon enhanced CYP1A activity. The gene expression of cyp3a38, cyp3a40, pregnane x receptor (pxr), cyp26b, retinoid acid receptor γ1 (rarγ1) and p53 was higher with triadimefon than myclobutanil. As well, yeast-based reporter gene assay revealed that 4 tested conazoles were weak agonists of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). We reveal differential CYP gene expression with carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic conazoles in a lower vertebrate, medaka fish. Liver CYP-enzyme induction may be a key event in conazole-induced tumorigenesis. This information is essential to evaluate the potential threat of conazoles to human health and fish populations in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hung Lin
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsin Chou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jen Chen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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19
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Wilbanks MS, Gust KA, Atwa S, Sunesara I, Johnson D, Ang CY, Meyer SA, Perkins EJ. Validation of a genomics-based hypothetical adverse outcome pathway: 2,4-dinitrotoluene perturbs PPAR signaling thus impairing energy metabolism and exercise endurance. Toxicol Sci 2014; 141:44-58. [PMID: 24893713 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) is a nitroaromatic used in industrial dyes and explosives manufacturing processes that is found as a contaminant in the environment. Previous studies have implicated antagonism of PPARα signaling as a principal process affected by 2,4-DNT. Here, we test the hypothesis that 2,4-DNT-induced perturbations in PPARα signaling and resultant downstream deficits in energy metabolism, especially from lipids, cause organism-level impacts on exercise endurance. PPAR nuclear activation bioassays demonstrated inhibition of PPARα signaling by 2,4-DNT whereas PPARγ signaling increased. PPARα (-/-) and wild-type (WT) female mice were exposed for 14 days to vehicle or 2,4-DNT (134 mg/kg/day) and performed a forced swim to exhaustion 1 day after the last dose. 2,4-DNT significantly decreased body weights and swim times in WTs, but effects were significantly mitigated in PPARα (-/-) mice. 2,4-DNT decreased transcript expression for genes downstream in the PPARα signaling pathway, principally genes involved in fatty acid transport. Results indicate that PPARγ signaling increased resulting in enhanced cycling of lipid and carbohydrate substrates into glycolytic/gluconeogenic pathways favoring energy production versus storage in 2,4-DNT-exposed WT and PPARα (-/-) mice. PPARα (-/-) mice appear to have compensated for the loss of PPARα by shifting energy metabolism to PPARα-independent pathways resulting in lower sensitivity to 2,4-DNT when compared with WT mice. Our results validate 2,4-DNT-induced perturbation of PPARα signaling as the molecular initiating event for impaired energy metabolism, weight loss, and decreased exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kurt A Gust
- Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180
| | - Sahar Atwa
- University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana 71201
| | - Imran Sunesara
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | - David Johnson
- Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180 Conestoga-Rovers & Associates, Dallas, Texas 75234
| | - Choo Yaw Ang
- Badger Technical Services, San Antonio, Texas 71286
| | - Sharon A Meyer
- University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana 71201
| | - Edward J Perkins
- Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180
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20
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Matviishyn TM, Kubrak OI, Husak VV, Storey KB, Lushchak VI. Tissue-specific induction of oxidative stress in goldfish by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid: mild in brain and moderate in liver and kidney. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:861-869. [PMID: 24657358 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on free radical-related processes in tissues of goldfish given 96 h exposures to 1, 10 or 100 mg/L of 2,4-D as well as 96 h recovery from the 100 mg/L treatment. In liver, 2,4-D exposure increased levels of protein carbonyls and lipid peroxides by 36-53% and 24-43%, respectively, but both parameters reverted during recovery, whereas in brain glutathione status improved in response to 2,4-D. Lipid peroxide content in kidney was enhanced by 40-43% after exposure to 2,4-D with a decrease during recovery. Exposure to 2,4-D also reduced liver acetylcholinesterase activity by 31-41%. The treatment increased catalase activity in brain, but returned it to initial levels after recovery. In kidney, exposure to 100 mg/L of 2,4-D caused a 33% decrease of superoxide dismutase activity. Thus, goldfish exposure to 2,4-D induced moderate oxidative stress in liver and kidney and mild oxidative stress in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana M Matviishyn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Precarpathian National University named after Vassyl Stefanyk, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine
| | - Olga I Kubrak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Precarpathian National University named after Vassyl Stefanyk, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine
| | - Viktor V Husak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Precarpathian National University named after Vassyl Stefanyk, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Volodymyr I Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Precarpathian National University named after Vassyl Stefanyk, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine.
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21
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Davidson ME, Harbaugh SV, Chushak YG, Stone MO, Kelley-Loughnane N. Development of a 2,4-dinitrotoluene-responsive synthetic riboswitch in E. coli cells. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:234-41. [PMID: 23092157 DOI: 10.1021/cb300274g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Riboswitches are RNA sequences that regulate expression of associated downstream genes in response to the presence or absence of specific small molecules. A novel riboswitch that activates protein translation in E. coli cells in response to 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) has been engineered. A plasmid library was constructed by incorporation of 30 degenerate bases between a previously described trinitrotoluene aptamer and the ribosome binding site. Screening was performed by placing the riboswitch library upstream of the Tobacco Etch Virus (TEV) protease coding sequence in one plasmid; a second plasmid encoded a FRET-based construct linked with a peptide containing the TEV protease cleavage site. Addition of DNT to bacterial culture activated the riboswitch, initiating translation of TEV protease. In turn, the protease cleaved the linker in the FRET-based fusion protein, causing a change in fluorescence. This new riboswitch exhibited a 10-fold increase in fluorescence in the presence of 0.5 mM DNT compared to the system without target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E. Davidson
- 711th Human
Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate,
Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Svetlana V. Harbaugh
- 711th Human
Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate,
Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Yaroslav G. Chushak
- 711th Human
Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate,
Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Morley O. Stone
- 711th Human
Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate,
Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Nancy Kelley-Loughnane
- 711th Human
Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate,
Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
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