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You M, Huang Y, Chen Y, Li D, Tang Y, Du YK, Yang H, Liang A, Hu G, Chen Y. ZnO nanoparticles induce melanoma-like lesions via recruiting dermal dendritic cells in barrier-damaged skin in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 193:114948. [PMID: 39197528 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are used in skin treatments and cosmetics, the toxicity of long-term and continuous exposure to ZnO NPs is unknown. Mice with epidermal barrier dysfunction revealed melanoma-like lesions after continuous exposure to ZnO NPs. However, the effects of metallic NPs on the skin microenvironment and immune system remain poorly understood. Mice with epidermal barrier failure were given continuous exposure to ZnO NPs for 7 weeks. The malignant transformation of melanocytes was induced with ZnO NPs 2.5 μg/ml for 72 h exposure. The supernatant of the culture medium from dendritic cells after being exposed to 10 μg/ml ZnO NPs for 24 h was applied to melanocytes to explore the effect of recruitment of DCs. The expressure of ZnO NPs resulted in a tendency of malignant transformation of melanocytes, the recruitment of DCs induces this process by produce inflammatory factors such as TNF-α. These DC-produced inflammatory factors, which were induced by ZnO NP exposure, increased the production of matrix metalloproteinases in melanocytes and expedited the malignant transformation process. Our findings revealed that the disrupted cutaneous microenvironment by ZnO NPs penetrated directly promoted the malignant transformation of melanocytes, which process also indirectly enhanced by the TNF-αsecreted from the recruited DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghan You
- Dongguan People's Hospital Biobank, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523059, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yeda Chen
- Dongguan People's Hospital Biobank, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523059, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523059, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Skin and Immune Diseases, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523059, China
| | - Yaping Tang
- Department of Dermatology, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523059, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Skin and Immune Diseases, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523059, China
| | - Yi Kuan Du
- Dongguan People's Hospital Central Laboratory, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523059, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523059, China
| | - Anfa Liang
- Dongguan People's Hospital Biobank, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523059, China
| | - Guodong Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523059, China.
| | - Yinghua Chen
- Dongguan People's Hospital Biobank, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523059, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Skin and Immune Diseases, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523059, China.
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2
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Demir E, Turna Demir F. Genotoxicity responses of single and mixed exposure to heavy metals (cadmium, silver, and copper) as environmental pollutants in Drosophila melanogaster. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 106:104390. [PMID: 38367919 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals are now persistently present in living things' environments, in addition to their potential toxicity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to utilize D. melanogaster to determine the biological effects induced by different heavy metals including cadmium chloride (CdCl2), copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO 4.5 H2O), and silver nitrate (AgNO3). In vivo experiments were conducted utilizing three low and environmentally relevant concentrations from 0.01 to 0.5 mM under single and combined exposure scenarios on D. melanogaster larvae. The endpoints measured included viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and genotoxic effects using Comet assay and the wing-spot test. Results indicated that tested heavy metals were not toxic in the egg-to adult viability. However, combined exposure (CdCl2+AgNO3 and CdCl2+AgNO3+CuSO 4.5 H2O) resulted in significant genotoxic and unfavorable consequences, as well as antagonistic and/or synergistic effects on oxidative damage and genetic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eşref Demir
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Medical Laboratory Techniques Programme, Vocational School of Health Services, Antalya Bilim University, Dosemealti, Antalya 07190, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Turna Demir
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Medical Laboratory Techniques Programme, Vocational School of Health Services, Antalya Bilim University, Dosemealti, Antalya 07190, Turkey
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3
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Chatterjee N, Alfaro-Moreno E. In Vitro Cell Transformation Assays: A Valuable Approach for Carcinogenic Potentiality Assessment of Nanomaterials. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098219. [PMID: 37175926 PMCID: PMC10178964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review explores the application of in vitro cell transformation assays (CTAs) as a screening platform to assess the carcinogenic potential of nanomaterials (NMs) resulting from continuously growing industrial production and use. The widespread application of NMs in various fields has raised concerns about their potential adverse effects, necessitating safety evaluations, particularly in long-term continuous exposure scenarios. CTAs present a realistic screening platform for known and emerging NMs by examining their resemblance to the hallmark of malignancy, including high proliferation rates, loss of contact inhibition, the gain of anchorage-independent growth, cellular invasion, dysregulation of the cell cycle, apoptosis resistance, and ability to form tumors in experimental animals. Through the deliberate transformation of cells via chronic NM exposure, researchers can investigate the tumorigenic properties of NMs and the underlying mechanisms of cancer development. This article examines NM-induced cell transformation studies, focusing on identifying existing knowledge gaps. Specifically, it explores the physicochemical properties of NMs, experimental models, assays, dose and time requirements for cell transformation, and the underlying mechanisms of malignancy. Our review aims to advance understanding in this field and identify areas for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Chatterjee
- NanoSafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ernesto Alfaro-Moreno
- NanoSafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
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Sathiyaseelan A, Saravanakumar K, Zhang X, Naveen KV, Wang MH. Ampicillin-resistant bacterial pathogens targeted chitosan nano-drug delivery system (CS-AMP-P-ZnO) for combinational antibacterial treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:124129. [PMID: 36958450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Drug-resistant microorganisms are defeated using combinational drug delivery systems based on biopolymer chitosan (CS) and metal nanoparticles. Hence, PEGylated zinc oxide nanoparticles (P-ZnO NPs) decorated chitosan-based nanoparticles (CS NPs) were prepared to deliver ampicillin (AMP) for improved antibacterial activity. In comparison to ZnO NPs, P-ZnO NPs exhibit less aggregation and more stable rod morphologies in TEM. The size of the P-ZnO NPs decreased and was engulfed by the spherical CS-AMP NPs. The zeta potential of the CS-AMP-P-ZnO NPs was determined to be -32.93 mV and the hydrodynamic size to be 210.2 nm. Further, DEE and DLE of CS-AMP (2.0:0.2 w/w) showed 79.60 ± 2.62 % and 15.14 ± 2.11 %, respectively. The cumulative AMP release was observed at >50 % at 48 h at pH 5.4 and 7.4. Additionally, when compared to AMP, CS-AMP-P-ZnO NPs had better antibacterial activity against E. coli, due to the alternation of cell membrane permeability by CS and ZnO NPs. Moreover, the hemolytic properties of ZnO NPs were attenuated because of PEGylation and CS. Furthermore, due to the biocompatible effect of CS, CS-AMP-P-ZnO NPs did not exhibit toxicity on cells and chick embryos. Hence, this study concludes that CS-AMP-P-ZnO NPs could be a promising antibacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbazhagan Sathiyaseelan
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kandasamy Saravanakumar
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kumar Vishven Naveen
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Hyeon Wang
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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Gatou MA, Lagopati N, Vagena IA, Gazouli M, Pavlatou EA. ZnO Nanoparticles from Different Precursors and Their Photocatalytic Potential for Biomedical Use. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:nano13010122. [PMID: 36616030 PMCID: PMC9823729 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor photocatalysts, particularly ZnO nanoparticles, were synthesized via the precipitation method using four different precursors (zinc acetate/zinc nitrate/zinc sulfate/zinc chloride) and compared, according to their optical, structural, photocatalytic, and anticancer properties. The materials were characterized via X-ray Diffraction method (XRD), micro-Raman, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) analysis. Photocatalysis was conducted under UV and visible light irradiation, using Rhodamine B as the organic pollutant. It was observed that the highest photocatalysis efficiency was obtained by the nanoparticles synthesized from the zinc acetate used as precursor material. A cell-dependent anticancer efficiency of the tested ZnO nanoparticles was also observed, that was also attributed to the different precursors and the synthesis method, revealing that the nanoparticles that were synthesized from zinc acetate were more bioactive among the four tested precursors. Overall, the data revealed that both the enhanced photocatalytic and biological activity of ZnO nanoparticles derived from zinc acetate precursor could be attributed to the reduced crystalline size, increased surface area, as well as the observed hexagonal crystalline morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Anna Gatou
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15772 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna-Aglaia Vagena
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, 26335 Patra, Greece
| | - Evangelia A. Pavlatou
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15772 Athens, Greece
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Demir E, Kansız S, Doğan M, Topel Ö, Akkoyunlu G, Kandur MY, Turna Demir F. Hazard Assessment of the Effects of Acute and Chronic Exposure to Permethrin, Copper Hydroxide, Acephate, and Validamycin Nanopesticides on the Physiology of Drosophila: Novel Insights into the Cellular Internalization and Biological Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169121. [PMID: 36012388 PMCID: PMC9408976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
New insights into the interactions between nanopesticides and edible plants are required in order to elucidate their impacts on human health and agriculture. Nanopesticides include formulations consisting of organic/inorganic nanoparticles. Drosophila melanogaster has become a powerful model in genetic research thanks to its genetic similarity to mammals. This project mainly aimed to generate new evidence for the toxic/genotoxic properties of different nanopesticides (a nanoemulsion (permethrin nanopesticides, 20 ± 5 nm), an inorganic nanoparticle as an active ingredient (copper(II) hydroxide [Cu(OH)2] nanopesticides, 15 ± 6 nm), a polymer-based nanopesticide (acephate nanopesticides, 55 ± 25 nm), and an inorganic nanoparticle associated with an organic active ingredient (validamycin nanopesticides, 1177 ± 220 nm)) and their microparticulate forms (i.e., permethrin, copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O), acephate, and validamycin) widely used against agricultural pests, while also showing the merits of using Drosophila—a non-target in vivo eukaryotic model organism—in nanogenotoxicology studies. Significant biological effects were noted at the highest doses of permethrin (0.06 and 0.1 mM), permethrin nanopesticides (1 and 2.5 mM), CuSO4·5H2O (1 and 5 mM), acephate and acephate nanopesticides (1 and 5 mM, respectively), and validamycin and validamycin nanopesticides (1 and 2.5 mM, respectively). The results demonstrating the toxic/genotoxic potential of these nanopesticides through their impact on cellular internalization and gene expression represent significant contributions to future nanogenotoxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eşref Demir
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya 07190, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-242-245-0088; Fax: +90-242-245-0100
| | - Seyithan Kansız
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara 07100, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Doğan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırklareli University, Kırklareli 39100, Turkey
| | - Önder Topel
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Akkoyunlu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Yusuf Kandur
- Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, İstanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Fatma Turna Demir
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya 07190, Turkey
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Kad A, Pundir A, Arya SK, Puri S, Khatri M. Meta-analysis of in-vitro cytotoxicity evaluation studies of zinc oxide nanoparticles: Paving way for safer innovations. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 83:105418. [PMID: 35724836 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nano-based products have shown their daunting presence in several sectors. Among them, Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles wangled the reputation of providing "next-generation solutions" and are being utilized in plethora of products. Their widespread application has led to increased exposure of these particles, raising concerns regarding toxicological repercussions to the human health and environment. The diversity, complexity, and heterogeneity in the available literature, along with correlation of befitting attributes, makes it challenging to develop one systematic framework to predict this toxicity. The present study aims at developing predictive modelling framework to tap the prospective features responsible for causing cytotoxicity in-vitro on exposure to ZnO nanoparticles. Rigorous approach was used to mine the information from complete body of evidence published to date. The attributes, features and experimental conditions were systematically extracted to unmask the effect of varied features. 1240 data points from 76 publications were obtained, containing 14 qualitative and quantitative attributes, including physiochemical properties of nanoparticles, cell culture and experimental parameters to perform meta-analysis. For the first time, the efforts were made to investigate the degree of significance of attributes accountable for causing cytotoxicity on exposure to ZnO nanoparticles. We show that in-vitro cytotoxicity is closely related with dose concentration of nanoparticles, followed by exposure time, disease state of the cell line and size of these nanoparticles among other attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaida Kad
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Archit Pundir
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Shailendra Kumar Arya
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Sanjeev Puri
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Madhu Khatri
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh 160014, India; Wellcome trustTrust/DBT IA Early Career Fellow Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Meng J, Yang J, Pan T, Qu X, Cui S. ZnO nanoparticles promote the malignant transformation of colorectal epithelial cells in APC min/+ mice. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106923. [PMID: 34634619 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As the use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in everyday products grows, so does concern about health risks. However, no findings on the gastrointestinal toxicity of ZnO NPs have been published. We investigated the possible malignant transformation of ZnO NPs in the mice's colonic tissues using the APCmin/+ mouse model with a premalignant lesion in intestinal epithelial cells. Higher doses and long-term oral exposure to ZnO NPs were found to mildly promote colonic inflammation in WT mice, while they moderately or strongly exacerbated the severity of chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis in APCmin/+ mice with intestinal adenomatous polyposis. The ZnO NPs-induced inflammation and tumorigenesis in colonic epithelial cells was linked to the activation of CXCR2/NF-κB/STAT3/ERK and AKT pathways. Analysis of the ZnO NPs-exacerbated intestinal adenomatous polyposis in APCmin/+ mice revealed that ZnO NPs could activate the APC-driven Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, exacerbating intestinal tumorigenesis. In fact, ZnO NPs have been shown to increase intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis in APCmin/+ mice by releasing free Zn2+. In WT mice, a low dose of ZnO NPs (26 mg/kg/day) did not cause intestinal inflammation. In conclusion, higher doses and prolonged exposure to ZnO NPs promote the malignant transformation of precancerous epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai 202162, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xianjun Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shuxiang Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Valdiglesias V, Fernández-Bertólez N, Lema-Arranz C, Rodríguez-Fernández R, Pásaro E, Reis AT, Teixeira JP, Costa C, Laffon B. Salivary Leucocytes as In Vitro Model to Evaluate Nanoparticle-Induced DNA Damage. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1930. [PMID: 34443762 PMCID: PMC8400528 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have a wide variety of applications in many consumer products and biomedical practices. As a result, human exposure to these nanomaterials is highly frequent, becoming an issue of concern to public health. Recently, human salivary leucocytes have been proposed as an adequate non-invasive alternative to peripheral blood leucocytes to evaluate genotoxicity in vitro. The present study focused on proving the suitability of salivary leucocytes as a biomatrix in the comet assay for in vitro nanogenotoxicity studies, by testing some of the metal oxide NPs most frequently present in consumer products, namely, titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and cerium dioxide (CeO2) NPs. Primary and oxidative DNA damage were evaluated by alkaline and hOGG1-modified comet assay, respectively. Any possible interference of the NPs with the methodological procedure or the hOGG1 activity was addressed before performing genotoxicity evaluation. Results obtained showed an increase of both primary and oxidative damage after NPs treatments. These data support the use of salivary leucocytes as a proper and sensitive biological sample for in vitro nanogenotoxicity studies, and contribute to increase the knowledge on the impact of metal oxide NPs on human health, reinforcing the need for a specific regulation of the nanomaterials use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), AE CICA-INIBIC, Oza, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (N.F.-B.); (R.R.-F.); (E.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Natalia Fernández-Bertólez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), AE CICA-INIBIC, Oza, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (N.F.-B.); (R.R.-F.); (E.P.); (B.L.)
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlota Lema-Arranz
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), AE CICA-INIBIC, Oza, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (N.F.-B.); (R.R.-F.); (E.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Raquel Rodríguez-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), AE CICA-INIBIC, Oza, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (N.F.-B.); (R.R.-F.); (E.P.); (B.L.)
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Eduardo Pásaro
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), AE CICA-INIBIC, Oza, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (N.F.-B.); (R.R.-F.); (E.P.); (B.L.)
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ana Teresa Reis
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; (A.T.R.); (J.P.T.); (C.C.)
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; (A.T.R.); (J.P.T.); (C.C.)
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Costa
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; (A.T.R.); (J.P.T.); (C.C.)
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Blanca Laffon
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), AE CICA-INIBIC, Oza, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (N.F.-B.); (R.R.-F.); (E.P.); (B.L.)
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
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10
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Cellular Uptake and Toxicological Effects of Differently Sized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Intestinal Cells. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9050096. [PMID: 33925422 PMCID: PMC8146923 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9050096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Due to their beneficial properties, the use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NP) is constantly increasing, especially in consumer-related areas, such as food packaging and food additives, which is leading to an increased oral uptake of ZnO NP. Consequently, the aim of our study was to investigate the cellular uptake of two differently sized ZnO NP (<50 nm and <100 nm; 12–1229 µmol/L) using two human intestinal cell lines (Caco-2 and LT97) and to examine the possible resulting toxic effects. ZnO NP (<50 nm and <100 nm) were internalized by both cell lines and led to intracellular changes. Both ZnO NP caused time- and dose-dependent cytotoxic effects, especially at concentrations of 614 µmol/L and 1229 µmol/L, which was associated with an increased rate of apoptotic and dead cells. ZnO NP < 100 nm altered the cell cycle of LT97 cells but not that of Caco-2 cells. ZnO NP < 50 nm led to the formation of micronuclei in LT97 cells. The Ames test revealed no mutagenicity for both ZnO NP. Our results indicate the potential toxicity of ZnO NP after oral exposure, which should be considered before application.
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Demir E. A review on nanotoxicity and nanogenotoxicity of different shapes of nanomaterials. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:118-147. [PMID: 33111384 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) generally display fascinating physical and chemical properties that are not always present in bulk materials; therefore, any modification to their size, shape, or coating tends to cause significant changes in their chemical/physical and biological characteristics. The dramatic increase in efforts to use NMs renders the risk assessment of their toxicity highly crucial due to the possible health perils of this relatively uncharted territory. The different sizes and shapes of the nanoparticles are known to have an impact on organisms and an important place in clinical applications. The shape of nanoparticles, namely, whether they are rods, wires, or spheres, is a particularly critical parameter to affect cell uptake and site-specific drug delivery, representing a significant factor in determining the potency and magnitude of the effect. This review, therefore, intends to offer a picture of research into the toxicity of different shapes (nanorods, nanowires, and nanospheres) of NMs to in vitro and in vivo models, presenting an in-depth analysis of health risks associated with exposure to such nanostructures and benefits achieved by using certain model organisms in genotoxicity testing. Nanotoxicity experiments use various models and tests, such as cell cultures, cores, shells, and coating materials. This review article also attempts to raise awareness about practical applications of NMs in different shapes in biology, to evaluate their potential genotoxicity, and to suggest approaches to explain underlying mechanisms of their toxicity and genotoxicity depending on nanoparticle shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eşref Demir
- Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Medical Laboratory Techniques Programme, Antalya Bilim University, Dosemealti, Antalya, Turkey
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Zhao J, Xie G, Xu Y, Zheng L, Ling J. Accumulation and toxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in Xenopus tropicalis tadpoles. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 257:127205. [PMID: 32502735 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), a common nanomaterial widely used and discharged in environment, might exert toxic effects on aquatic animals. In this paper, filter-feeding tadpole of Xenopus tropicalis was selected as bioindicator to study the exposure effects of MWCNTs suspensions of 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 mg/L for 72 h. The results showed that the tadpoles could remain high survival rate of over 96.7% after 24 h's exposure to MWCNTs, but then decrease considerably, showing a significant time-dependent relationship. The LC50 was 2.53 mg/L for tadpoles exposed to MWCNTs for 72 h, when MWCNTs accumulated in their gills and digestive tracts. Moreover, the enrichment degree of MWCNTs in tadpole was related to exposure density than time. When MWCNTs suspension concentration was not over 1 mg/L, the heart rates increased significantly and then decreased continuously. The survivors from the toxicity test were transferred to fresh filtered water for recovery, but MWCNTs accumulated in the tadpoles' body didn't decrease obviously after 4 days. Although the maximum tadpoles survival rate of 80% was recorded in the exposure group of 0.5 mg/L MWCNTs, only 43.3% of the survivors could recover. Therefore, the final survival rate was negative related to the exposure densities of MWCNTs but positive related to the accumulating degree in tadpoles' body. The results demonstrated that MWCNTs exposure posed potential health risks to filter-feeding organisms by intake and accumulation in organs, which could provide useful information for the reasonable evaluation and scientific management of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guangyan Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanbin Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Analysis and Testing Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Li Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiayin Ling
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Meng J, Zhou X, Yang J, Qu X, Cui S. Exposure to low dose ZnO nanoparticles induces hyperproliferation and malignant transformation through activating the CXCR2/NF-κB/STAT3/ERK and AKT pathways in colonic mucosal cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114578. [PMID: 32325249 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As ZnO nanoparticles have been applied in many fields, their biological risks on human health, of course, are worthy of our attention. Whether ZnO NPs have the risk and how colonic cells respond to the invaded ZnO NPs are still unknown. Herein, we evaluated the biological effects of ZnO NPs on colonic mucosal cells by in vitro and in vivo methods. IMCE cells, with APC mutation but phenotypically normal, demonstrated hyperproliferation through activating the CXCR2/NF-κB/STAT3/ERK and AKT pathways when exposed to ZnO NPs for 24 h. Long-term exposure of ZnO NPs resulted in the malignant transformation of IMCE cells, showing the morphological changes, anchorage-independent cell growth ability. Importantly, IMCE cells exposed to ZnO NPs subcutaneously grew and induced tumorigenesis in nude mice. In conclusion, exposure of ZnO NPs could induce malignant transformation of colonic mucosal cells through the CXCR2/NF-κB/STAT3/ERK and AKT pathways. We suggest that it was necessary to consider using the precautionary principle for gastrointestinal contact nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianjun Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxiang Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Poier N, Hochstöger J, Hackenberg S, Scherzad A, Bregenzer M, Schopper D, Kleinsasser N. Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in HUVEC: Cyto- and Genotoxicity and Functional Impairment After Long-Term and Repetitive Exposure in vitro. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:4441-4452. [PMID: 32606688 PMCID: PMC7319515 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s246797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study focuses on threshold levels for cytotoxicity after long-term and repetitive exposure for HUVEC as a model for the specific microvascular endothelial system. Furthermore, possible genotoxic effects and functional impairment caused by ZnO NPs in HUVEC are elucidated. Methods Thresholds for cytotoxic effects are determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Annexin V assay. To demonstrate DNA damage, single-cell microgel electrophoresis (comet) assay is performed after exposure to sub-cytotoxic concentrations of ZnO NPs. The proliferation assay, dot blot assay and capillary tube formation assay are also carried out to analyze functional impairment. Results NPs showed to be spherical in shape with an average size of 45–55 nm. Long-term exposure as well as repetitive exposure with ZnO NPs exceeding 25 µg/mL lead to decreased viability in HUVEC. In addition, DNA damage was indicated by the comet assay after long-term and repetitive exposure. Twenty-four hours after long-term exposure, the proliferation assay does not show any difference between negative control and exposed cells. Forty-eight hours after exposure, HUVEC show an inverse concentration-related ability to proliferate. The dot blot assay provides evidence that ZnO NPs lead to a decreased release of VEGF, while capillary tube formation assay shows restriction in the ability of HUVEC to build tubes and meshes as a first step in angiogenesis. Conclusion Sub-cytotoxic concentrations of ZnO NPs lead to DNA damage and functional impairment in HUVEC. Based on these data, ZnO NPs may affect neo-angiogenesis. Further investigation based on tissue cultures is required to elucidate the impact of ZnO NPs on human cell systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Poier
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kepler University Hospital, Linz 4021, Austria.,Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Johannes Hochstöger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kepler University Hospital, Linz 4021, Austria.,Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Stephan Hackenberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Agmal Scherzad
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Maximilian Bregenzer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Dominik Schopper
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kepler University Hospital, Linz 4021, Austria.,Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Norbert Kleinsasser
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kepler University Hospital, Linz 4021, Austria.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany
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Efthimiou I, Georgiou Y, Vlastos D, Dailianis S, Deligiannakis Y. Assessing the cyto-genotoxic potential of model zinc oxide nanoparticles in the presence of humic-acid-like-polycondensate (HALP) and the leonardite HA (LHA). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 721:137625. [PMID: 32169638 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the potential cyto-genotoxic effects of model zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on human lymphocytes, with and/or without humic acids (HAs). Two types of HAs were studied, a natural well-characterized leonardite HA (LHA) and its synthetic-model, a humic-acid-like-polycondensate (HALP). The Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus (CBMN) assay was applied in cell cultures treated with different concentrations of ZnO NPs (0.5, 5, 10, 20 μg mL-1) and under different concentrations of either HALP or LHA (ZnO NPs-HALP and ZnO NPs-LHA, at concentrations of 0.5-0.8, 5-8, 10-16, 20-32 and 0.5-2, 5-20, 10-40, 20-80 μg mL-1, respectively). According to the results, ZnO NPs lacked genotoxicity but demonstrated cytotoxic potential. Binary mixtures of ZnO NPs-HAs (ZnO NPs-HALP or ZnO NPs-LHA) showed negligible alterations of micronuclei (MN) formation in challenged cells, with cytotoxic effects revealed only in case of cells treated with ZnO NPs-LHA at the concentration 5-20 μg mL-1. Furthermore, no genotoxic phenomena were exerted neither by the ZnO NPs nor from their mixtures with HAs. These findings indicate [i] the cytotoxic activity of used ZnO NPs on human lymphocytes, and [ii] reveal the protective role of HAs against ZnO NPs mediated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Efthimiou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, GR-30100 Agrinio, Greece
| | - Yiannis Georgiou
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitris Vlastos
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, GR-30100 Agrinio, Greece.
| | - Stefanos Dailianis
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26500, Rio, Patra, Greece
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16
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Halder AK, Melo A, Cordeiro MNDS. A unified in silico model based on perturbation theory for assessing the genotoxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125489. [PMID: 31812055 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) are an ever-increasing field of interest, due to their wide range of applications in science and technology. However, despite providing solutions to many societal problems and challenges, NMs are associated with adverse effects with potential severe damages towards biological species and their ecosystems. Particularly, it has been confirmed that NMs may induce serious genotoxic effects on various biological targets. Given the difficulties of experimental assays for estimating the genotoxicity of many NMs on diverse biological targets, development of alternative methodologies is crucial to establish their level of safety. In silico modelling approaches, such as Quantitative Structure-Toxicity Relationships (QSTR), are now considered a promising solution for such purpose. In this work, a perturbation theory machine learning (PTML) based QSTR approach is proposed for predicting the genotoxicity of metal oxide NMs under various experimental assay conditions. The application of such perturbation approach to 6084 NM-NM pair cases, set up from 78 unique NMs, afforded a final PTML-QSTR model with an accuracy better than 96% for both training and test sets. This model was then used to predict the genotoxicity of some NMs not included in the modelling dataset. The results for this independent data set were in excellent agreement with the experimental ones. Overall, that thus suggests that the derived PTML-QSTR model is a reliable in silico tool to rapidly and cost-efficiently assess the genotoxicity of metal oxide NMs. Finally, and most importantly, the model provides important insights regarding the mechanism of the genotoxicity triggered by these NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Halder
- LAQV@REQUIMTE/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - André Melo
- LAQV@REQUIMTE/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Natália D S Cordeiro
- LAQV@REQUIMTE/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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Keerthana S, Kumar A. Potential risks and benefits of zinc oxide nanoparticles: a systematic review. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:47-71. [PMID: 32186437 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1726282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Keerthana
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A. Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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18
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Fadoju O, Ogunsuyi O, Akanni O, Alabi O, Alimba C, Adaramoye O, Cambier S, Eswara S, Gutleb AC, Bakare A. Evaluation of cytogenotoxicity and oxidative stress parameters in male Swiss mice co-exposed to titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 70:103204. [PMID: 31200344 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A number of studies have investigated the adverse toxic effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) or zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs. Information on the potential genotoxic effects of the interactions of TiO2 NPs and ZnO NPs in vivo is lacking. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the cytogenotoxicity of TiO2 NPs or ZnO NPs alone or their mixtures using the bone marrow micronucleus assay, and mechanism of damage through the evaluation of oxidative stress parameters in the liver and kidney tissues of Swiss mice. Intraperitoneal administration of doses between 9.38 and 150.00 mg/kg of TiO2 NPs or ZnO NPs or TiO2 NPs + ZnO NPs was performed for 5 and 10 days, respectively. TiO2 NPs alone induced a significant (P < 0.05) increase in micronucleated (Mn) polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) at the applied doses compared with the negative controls, with a significant difference between 5 and 10 days for TiO2 NPs alone and TiO2 NPs + ZnO NPs. Concurrently, TiO2 NPs alone for 5 days and TiO2 NPs and TiO2 NPs + ZnO NPs for 10 days significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the percentage PCE: normochromatic erythrocyte (NCE) indicating cytotoxicity; with a significant difference between the two periods. Significant (P < 0.001) changes in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in the liver and kidney of mice exposed to TiO2 NPs or ZnO NPs alone or their mixtures. These results suggest that TiO2 NPs alone was genotoxic; TiO2 NPs and TiO2 NPs + ZnO NPs were noticeably cytotoxic while ZnO NPs was not cytogenotoxic. The individual NPs or their mixtures induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeoluwa Fadoju
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun Ogunsuyi
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olubukola Akanni
- Drug metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Okunola Alabi
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Chibuisi Alimba
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin Adaramoye
- Drug metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Sebastien Cambier
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Santhana Eswara
- Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Arno C Gutleb
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Adekunle Bakare
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Elespuru R, Pfuhler S, Aardema MJ, Chen T, Doak SH, Doherty A, Farabaugh CS, Kenny J, Manjanatha M, Mahadevan B, Moore MM, Ouédraogo G, Stankowski LF, Tanir JY. Genotoxicity Assessment of Nanomaterials: Recommendations on Best Practices, Assays, and Methods. Toxicol Sci 2019; 164:391-416. [PMID: 29701824 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) present unique challenges in safety evaluation. An international working group, the Genetic Toxicology Technical Committee of the International Life Sciences Institute's Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, has addressed issues related to the genotoxicity assessment of NMs. A critical review of published data has been followed by recommendations on methods alterations and best practices for the standard genotoxicity assays: bacterial reverse mutation (Ames); in vitro mammalian assays for mutations, chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus induction, or DNA strand breaks (comet); and in vivo assays for genetic damage (micronucleus, comet and transgenic mutation assays). The analysis found a great diversity of tests and systems used for in vitro assays; many did not meet criteria for a valid test, and/or did not use validated cells and methods in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Test Guidelines, and so these results could not be interpreted. In vivo assays were less common but better performed. It was not possible to develop conclusions on test system agreement, NM activity, or mechanism of action. However, the limited responses observed for most NMs were consistent with indirect genotoxic effects, rather than direct interaction of NMs with DNA. We propose a revised genotoxicity test battery for NMs that includes in vitro mammalian cell mutagenicity and clastogenicity assessments; in vivo assessments would be added only if warranted by information on specific organ exposure or sequestration of NMs. The bacterial assays are generally uninformative for NMs due to limited particle uptake and possible lack of mechanistic relevance, and are thus omitted in our recommended test battery for NM assessment. Recommendations include NM characterization in the test medium, verification of uptake into target cells, and limited assay-specific methods alterations to avoid interference with uptake or endpoint analysis. These recommendations are summarized in a Roadmap guideline for testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie Elespuru
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, US Food and Drug Administration, CDRH/OSEL, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Stefan Pfuhler
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason Business Centre, Mason, Ohio 45040
| | | | - Tao Chen
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, US Food and Drug Administration, NCTR, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | - Shareen H Doak
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Ann Doherty
- Discovery Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Genetic Toxicology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | | | - Julia Kenny
- Genetic Toxicology & Photosafety, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP, UK
| | - Mugimane Manjanatha
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, US Food and Drug Administration, NCTR, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | - Brinda Mahadevan
- Global Pre-clinical Development Innovation & Development, Established Pharmaceuticals, Abbott, Mumbai 400072, India
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer Y Tanir
- ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI), Washington, District of Columbia 20005
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Es Ruiz de Arcaute C, Ossana NA, Pérez-Iglesias JM, Soloneski S, Larramendy ML. Auxinic herbicides induce oxidative stress on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Pisces: Poeciliidae). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:20485-20498. [PMID: 31102211 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides might increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Dicamba (DIC) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) are auxinic herbicides commonly applied in agroecosystems to control unwanted weeds. We analysed the oxidative damage exerted on the fish Cnesterodon decemmaculatus by an acute exposure to DIC- and 2,4-D-based herbicides formulations Banvel® and DMA®, respectively. The Endo III- and Fpg-modified alkaline comet assay was employed for detecting DNA damage caused by oxidative stress, whereas enzymatic and non-enzymatic biomarkers such as the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and glutathione content (GSH) were used to assess antioxidant response to these two herbicides. At the DNA level, results demonstrate that both auxinic herbicides induce oxidative damage at purines level. An increase on CAT and GST activities were detected in 48 h- and 96 h-treated specimens with both auxinics. GSH content decreased in fish exposed to DIC during 48 h and to 2,4-D after 96 h of exposure. Additionally, a diminished AChE activity in specimens treated with DIC and 2,4-D was observed only after 96 h. Total protein content decreased in fish exposed to both auxinics during 96 h. These results represent the first evaluation of oxidative damage related to DIC and 2,4-D exposure on a fish species as the Neotropical freshwater teleost C. decemmaculatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Es Ruiz de Arcaute
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nro. 3 (esq. 120), B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia A Ossana
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Programa de Ecofisiología Aplicada, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (PRODEA-INEDES), Universidad Nacional de Lujan, C.C. 221, Luján, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Pérez-Iglesias
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nro. 3 (esq. 120), B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia Soloneski
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nro. 3 (esq. 120), B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo L Larramendy
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nro. 3 (esq. 120), B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Hoyo J, Ivanova K, Guaus E, Tzanov T. Multifunctional ZnO NPs-chitosan-gallic acid hybrid nanocoating to overcome contact lenses associated conditions and discomfort. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 543:114-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Cardozo TR, De Carli RF, Seeber A, Flores WH, da Rosa JAN, Kotzal QSG, Lehmann M, da Silva FR, Dihl RR. Genotoxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles: an in vivo and in silico study. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:277-286. [PMID: 30997027 PMCID: PMC6430083 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00255j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs are being used worldwide in consumer products and industrial applications. Based on predefined pathways, this study synthesized and characterized the nanostructures of ZnO NPs. The genotoxic effects of these nanomaterials were evaluated using a short-term in vivo bioassay, the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster. In addition, a systems biology approach was used to search for known and predicted interaction networks between ZnO and proteins. The results observed in this study after in vivo exposure indicate that ZnO NPs are genotoxic and that homologous recombination (HR) was the main mechanism inducing loss of heterozygosis in the somatic cells of D. melanogaster. The results of in silico analysis indicated that ZnO is associated with the nuclear factor-kappa-beta (NFKB) protein family. In accordance with this model, ZnO exposure decreases the levels of NFKB inhibitory protein in the cell, consequently increasing NFKB dimers in the nucleus and inducing DNA double strand breaks (DSB) repair via HR. This excess level of HR can be observed in the SMART results. Assessing the mutagenic/recombinagenic effect of nanomaterials is essential in the development of strategies to protect human and environmental integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane R Cardozo
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicity , Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health , Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas , RS , Brazil . ; ; Tel: + 55 51 34779219
- Federal University of Pampa - Research Group on Nanostructured Materials , Campus Bagé , RS , Brazil
| | - Raíne F De Carli
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicity , Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health , Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas , RS , Brazil . ; ; Tel: + 55 51 34779219
| | - Allan Seeber
- Federal University of Pampa - Research Group on Nanostructured Materials , Campus Bagé , RS , Brazil
| | - Wladimir H Flores
- Federal University of Pampa - Research Group on Nanostructured Materials , Campus Bagé , RS , Brazil
| | - Jordana A N da Rosa
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicity , Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health , Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas , RS , Brazil . ; ; Tel: + 55 51 34779219
| | - Queila S G Kotzal
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicity , Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health , Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas , RS , Brazil . ; ; Tel: + 55 51 34779219
| | - Mauricio Lehmann
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicity , Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health , Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas , RS , Brazil . ; ; Tel: + 55 51 34779219
| | - Fernanda R da Silva
- La Salle University , Master's Degree in Environmental Impact Evaluation , Canoas , RS , Brazil
| | - Rafael R Dihl
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicity , Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health , Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas , RS , Brazil . ; ; Tel: + 55 51 34779219
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23
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Singh S. Zinc oxide nanoparticles impacts: cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, developmental toxicity, and neurotoxicity. Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 29:300-311. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2018.1553221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Education, Raebareli, India
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24
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Gabelova A, Kozics K, Kapka-Skrzypczak L, Kruszewski M, Sramkova M. Nephrotoxicity: Topical issue. Mutat Res 2018; 845:402988. [PMID: 31561894 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced kidney injury is one of the most significant adverse events and dose limiting factor in chemotherapy as well a major cause of prospective drug attrition during pharmaceutical development. Moreover, kidney injury can also occur as a consequence of exposures to environmental xenobiotics such as heavy metals, fungal toxins and nanomaterials. The lack of adequate in vitro human kidney models that mimic more realistically the in vivo conditions and the absence of suitable and robust, cost-effective and predictive cell-based in vitro assays contribute to an underestimation of the kidney toxic potential of new drugs and xenobiotics. Therefore, a rapid screening system capable to detect potential nephrotoxicity at early stages of drug discovery is an urgent need. Here we provide an overview of human cell lines currently used as a surrogate in vitro kidney models in nephrotoxicity studies, including their advantages and limitations. In addition, the capacity of the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE)/comet assay as a potential tool in kidney toxicants screening is discussed. Despite a limited number of studies using the comet assay to evaluate the drug-induced kidney damage potential, a considerable variability in SCGE methodology (e.g. lysis, unwinding, and electrophoresis conditions) has been observed. Before the comet assay can be included in nephrotoxicity testing, a basic guideline has to be developed. To test its feasibility, additional in vitro experiments including inter-laboratory validation studies based on this guideline have to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Gabelova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center SAS, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Katarina Kozics
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center SAS, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucyna Kapka-Skrzypczak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; Department of Medical Biology and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; Department of Medical Biology and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszów, Poland; Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Sramkova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center SAS, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
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25
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Salat M, Petkova P, Hoyo J, Perelshtein I, Gedanken A, Tzanov T. Durable antimicrobial cotton textiles coated sonochemically with ZnO nanoparticles embedded in an in-situ enzymatically generated bioadhesive. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 189:198-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Gupta J, Bahadur D. Defect-Mediated Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in Mg-Substituted ZnO Nanoparticles: Efficient Nanomaterials for Bacterial Inhibition and Cancer Therapy. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:2956-2965. [PMID: 30023854 PMCID: PMC6044716 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mg-substituted ZnO nanoparticles (MgZnO NPs) were synthesized by a soft chemical approach and were well-characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The absorption and photoluminescence spectra show that substitution of Mg ions results in the widening of the band gap and a significant enhancement in the concentration of defects in ZnO NPs. A systemic study of generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under dark, daylight, and visible light conditions suggests that the aqueous suspension of MgZnO NPs generates a higher level of ROS because of the surface defects (oxygen vacancies). This capability of MgZnO NPs makes them a more promising candidate for the inhibition of bacterial growth and for killing of cancer cells as compared to pure ZnO NPs, possibly because of the enhanced interaction and accumulation of MgZnO NPs in the cytoplasm or cell membrane in the presence of both Zn2+ and Mg2+ ions. Further, MgZnO NPs exhibit excellent selective killing of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (KB) and cervical cancer cells (HeLa) with minimal toxicity to normal fibroblast cells (L929). The results suggest that the generation of ROS and Zn2+ ions are possibly responsible for the higher activity toward the depolarization of cell membrane potential, the lipid peroxidation in bacterial cells, depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, and cell cycle arrest in the S phase in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D. Bahadur
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering
and Materials Science, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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27
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Ickrath P, Wagner M, Scherzad A, Gehrke T, Burghartz M, Hagen R, Radeloff K, Kleinsasser N, Hackenberg S. Time-Dependent Toxic and Genotoxic Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles after Long-Term and Repetitive Exposure to Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14121590. [PMID: 29258234 PMCID: PMC5751007 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14121590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) are widely spread in consumer products. Data about the toxicological characteristics of ZnO-NP is still under controversial discussion. The human skin is the most important organ concerning ZnO-NP exposure. Intact skin was demonstrated to be a sufficient barrier against NPs; however, defect skin may allow NP contact to proliferating cells. Within these cells, stem cells are the most important toxicological target for NPs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of ZnO-NP at low-dose concentrations after long-term and repetitive exposure to human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). Cytotoxic effects of ZnO-NP were measured by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Furthermore, genotoxicity was evaluated by the comet assay. For long-term observation over 6 weeks, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was applied. The results of the study indicated cytotoxic effects of ZnO-NP beginning at high concentrations of 50 μg/mL and genotoxic effects in hMSC exposed to 1 and 10 μg/mL ZnO-NP. Repetitive exposure enhanced cyto- but not genotoxicity. Intracellular NP accumulation was observed up to 6 weeks. The results suggest cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of ZnO-NP. Even low doses of ZnO-NP may induce toxic effects as a result of repetitive exposure and long-term cellular accumulation. This data should be considered before using ZnO-NP on damaged skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Ickrath
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Wagner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Agmal Scherzad
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Gehrke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Marc Burghartz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Katharinenhospital Stuttgart, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Rudolf Hagen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Katrin Radeloff
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Norbert Kleinsasser
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kepler University Hospital, 4021 Linz, Austria.
| | - Stephan Hackenberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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28
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Scherzad A, Meyer T, Kleinsasser N, Hackenberg S. Molecular Mechanisms of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle-Induced Genotoxicity Short Running Title: Genotoxicity of ZnO NPs. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10121427. [PMID: 29240707 PMCID: PMC5744362 DOI: 10.3390/ma10121427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are among the most frequently applied nanomaterials in consumer products. Evidence exists regarding the cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs in mammalian cells; however, knowledge about the potential genotoxicity of ZnO NPs is rare, and results presented in the current literature are inconsistent. Objectives: The aim of this review is to summarize the existing data regarding the DNA damage that ZnO NPs induce, and focus on the possible molecular mechanisms underlying genotoxic events. Methods: Electronic literature databases were systematically searched for studies that report on the genotoxicity of ZnO NPs. Results: Several methods and different endpoints demonstrate the genotoxic potential of ZnO NPs. Most publications describe in vitro assessments of the oxidative DNA damage triggered by dissoluted Zn2+ ions. Most genotoxicological investigations of ZnO NPs address acute exposure situations. Conclusion: Existing evidence indicates that ZnO NPs possibly have the potential to damage DNA. However, there is a lack of long-term exposure experiments that clarify the intracellular bioaccumulation of ZnO NPs and the possible mechanisms of DNA repair and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agmal Scherzad
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Till Meyer
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Norbert Kleinsasser
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Stephan Hackenberg
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.
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29
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Branica G, Mladinić M, Omanović D, Želježić D. An alternative approach to studying the effects of ZnO nanoparticles in cultured human lymphocytes: combining electrochemistry and genotoxicity tests. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2017; 67:277-288. [PMID: 28033099 DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle use has increased radically raising concern about possible adverse effects in humans. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are among the most common nanomaterials in consumer and medical products. Several studies indicate problems with their safe use. The aim of our study was to see at which levels ZnO NPs start to produce adverse cytogenetic effects in human lymphocytes as an early attempt toward establishing safety limits for ZnO NP exposure in humans. We assessed the genotoxic effects of low ZnO NP concentrations (1.0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 μg mL-1) in lymphocyte cultures over 14 days of exposure. We also tested whether low and high-density lymphocytes differed in their ability to accumulate ZnO NPs in these experimental conditions. Primary DNA damage (measured with the alkaline comet assay) increased with nanoparticle concentration in unseparated and high density lymphocytes. The same happened with the fragmentation of TP53 (measured with the comet-FISH). Nanoparticle accumulation was significant only with the two highest concentrations, regardless of lymphocyte density. High-density lymphocytes had significantly more intracellular Zn2+ than light-density ones. Our results suggest that exposure to ZnO NPs in concentrations above 5 μg mL-1 increases cytogenetic damage and intracellular Zn2+ levels in lymphocytes.
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30
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Pérez-Iglesias JM, Ruiz de Arcaute C, Natale GS, Soloneski S, Larramendy ML. Evaluation of imazethapyr-induced DNA oxidative damage by alkaline Endo III- and Fpg-modified single-cell gel electrophoresis assay in Hypsiboas pulchellus tadpoles (Anura, Hylidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 142:503-508. [PMID: 28475923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Imazethapyr (IMZT) is a selective postemergent herbicide with residual action. Available data analyzing its effects in aquatic vertebrates are scarce. In previous studies, we demonstrated that IMZT induces lesions into the DNA of Hypsiboas pulchellus tadpoles using the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay as a biomarker for genotoxicity. Currently, this assay can be modified by including incubation with lesion-specific endonucleases, e.g., endonuclease III (Endo III) and formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg), which detect oxidized pyrimidine and purine bases, respectively. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of oxidative stress in the genotoxic damage in circulating blood cells of H. pulchellus tadpoles exposed to the IMZT-based Pivot H® formulation (10.59% IMZT) at a concentration equivalent to 25% of the LC50 (96h) value (0.39mg/L IMZT) during 48 and 96h. Our results demonstrate that the herbicide induces oxidative DNA damage on H. pulchellus tadpoles at purines bases but not at pyrimidines. Our findings represent the first evidence of oxidative damage caused by IMZT on anuran DNA using the alkaline restriction enzyme-modified SCGE assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Pérez-Iglesias
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 No 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Celeste Ruiz de Arcaute
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 No 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Guillermo S Natale
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - S Soloneski
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 No 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Marcelo L Larramendy
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 No 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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31
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Collins A, El Yamani N, Dusinska M. Sensitive detection of DNA oxidation damage induced by nanomaterials. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 107:69-76. [PMID: 28161308 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
From a toxicological point of view, nanomaterials are of interest; because - on account of their great surface area relative to mass - they tend to be more reactive than the bulk chemicals from which they are derived. They might in some cases have the potential to damage DNA directly, or could act via the induction of oxidative stress. The comet assay (single cell gel electrophoresis) is widely used to measure DNA strand breaks and also oxidised bases, by including in the procedure digestion with lesion-specific enzymes such as formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (which converts oxidised purines to breaks) or endonuclease III (recognising oxidised pyrimidines). We summarise reports in which these enzymes have been used to study a variety of nanomaterials in diverse cell types. We also stress that it is important to carry out tests of cell viability alongside the genotoxicity assay, since cytotoxicity can lead to adventitious DNA damage. Different concentrations of nanomaterials should be investigated, concentrating on a non-cytotoxic range; and incubating for short and longer periods can give valuable information about the mode of damage induction. The use of lesion-specific enzymes can substantially enhance the sensitivity of the comet assay in detecting genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Collins
- University of Oslo, Department of Nutrition, Oslo, Norway; NorGenotech AS, Skreia, Norway.
| | - Naouale El Yamani
- NorGenotech AS, Skreia, Norway; Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Kjeller, Norway
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32
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Anand AS, Prasad DN, Singh SB, Kohli E. Chronic exposure of zinc oxide nanoparticles causes deviant phenotype in Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 327:180-186. [PMID: 28064146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are commonly used nanomaterials (NMs) with versatile applications from high-end technologies to household products. This pervasive utilisation has brought human in the close interface with nanoparticles (NPs), hence questioning their safety prior to usage is a must. In this study, we have assessed the effects of chronic exposure to ZnO NPs (<50nm) on the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. Potential toxic effects were studied by evaluating longevity, climbing ability, oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation. Ensuing exposure, the F0 (parent), F1, F2, F3 and F4 generation flies were screened for the aberrant phenotype. Flies exposed to ZnO NPs showed distinctive phenotypic changes, like deformed segmented thorax and single or deformed wing, which were transmitted to the offspring's in subsequent generations. The unique abnormal phenotype is evident of chronic toxicity induced by ZnO NPs, although appalling, it strongly emphasize the importance to understand NPs toxicity for safer use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avnika Singh Anand
- Neurobiology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Dipti N Prasad
- Neurobiology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Neurobiology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Ekta Kohli
- Neurobiology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, 110054, India.
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33
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Yin Y, Hu Z, Du W, Ai F, Ji R, Gardea-Torresdey JL, Guo H. Elevated CO 2 levels increase the toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles to goldfish (Carassius auratus) in a water-sediment ecosystem. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 327:64-70. [PMID: 28040633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about the environmental safety of metal-based nanoparticles (MNPs) in aquatic ecosystems are increasing. Simultaneously, elevated atmospheric CO2 levels are a serious problem worldwide, making it possible for the combined exposure of MNPs and elevated CO2 to the ecosystem. Here we studied the toxicity of nZnO to goldfish in a water-sediment ecosystem using open-top chambers flushed with ambient (400±10μL/L) or elevated (600±10μL/L) CO2 for 30days. We measured the content of Zn in suspension and fish, and analyzed physiological and biochemical changes in fish tissues. Results showed that elevated CO2 increased the Zn content in suspension by reducing the pH value of water and consequently enhanced the bioavailability and toxicity of nZnO. Elevated CO2 led to higher accumulation of Zn in fish tissues (increased by 43.3%, 86.4% and 22.5% in liver, brain and muscle, respectively) when compared to ambient. Elevated CO2 also intensified the oxidative damage to fish induced by nZnO, resulting in higher ROS intensity, greater contents of MDA and MT and lower GSH content in liver and brain. Our results suggest that more studies in natural ecosystems are needed to better understand the fate and toxicity of nanoparticles in future CO2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Zhengxue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Wenchao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Fuxun Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jorge L Gardea-Torresdey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States; Environmental Science and Engineering PhD program, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Hongyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China.
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34
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Soloneski S, Ruiz de Arcaute C, Nikoloff N, Larramendy ML. Genotoxicity of the herbicide imazethapyr in mammalian cells by oxidative DNA damage evaluation using the Endo III and FPG alkaline comet assays. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:10292-10300. [PMID: 28271350 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the role of oxidative stress in the genotoxic damage induced by imazethapyr (IMZT) and its formulation Pivot® in mammalian CHO-K1 cell line. Using the alkaline comet assay, we observed that a concentration of 0.1 μg/mL of IMZT or Pivot® was able to induce DNA damage by increasing the frequency of damaged nucleoids. To test whether the DNA lesions were caused by oxidative stress, the DNA repair enzymes endonuclease III (Endo III) and formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg), which convert base damage to strand breaks, were used. Our results demonstrate that after treatment of CHO-K1 cells with the pure active ingredient as well as the commercial formulation Pivot®, an increase in DNA strand breaks was observed after incubation of both Endo III and Fpg enzymes, indicating that both compounds induce DNA damage involving both pyrimidine and purine-based oxidations, at least in CHO-K1 cells. Our findings confirm the genotoxic potential of IMZT and suggest that this herbicide formulation must be employed with great caution, especially not only for exposed occupational workers but also for other living species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Soloneski
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nro. 3 (esq. 120), B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celeste Ruiz de Arcaute
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nro. 3 (esq. 120), B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Noelia Nikoloff
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nro. 3 (esq. 120), B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo L Larramendy
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nro. 3 (esq. 120), B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Hackenberg S, Scherzed A, Zapp A, Radeloff K, Ginzkey C, Gehrke T, Ickrath P, Kleinsasser N. Genotoxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles in nasal mucosa cells are antagonized by titanium dioxide nanoparticles. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2017; 816-817:32-37. [PMID: 28464994 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are often used in sunscreens and other consumer products due to their photoprotective properties. However, concern exists regarding them possibly causing cyto- and genotoxic effects. The aim of this study was to assess cyto- and genotoxicity of these nanomaterials after single or combined exposure. For this purpose, a battery of cell culture test systems for human nasal mucosa (monolayer, air-liquid interface and mini organ culture) were exposed to 0.1-20μg/ml of TiO2- and ZnO-NPs alone and in combination. Cytotoxicity was measured by the MTT assay, and DNA damage and repair capacity were investigated using the comet assay. TiO2-NPs did not exhibit any cyto- or genotoxic potential within the tested concentrations. However, results of the study indicated cyto- and genotoxicity resulting from ZnO-NPs. The genotoxicity could be antagonized by TiO2-NPs. Furthermore, the DNA repair capacity after ZnO-NP-induced DNA damage was enhanced by TiO2-NPs. The adsorption of dissolved zinc ions onto TiO2-NPs is discussed as the major antagonistic mechanism. The combination of both metal oxide nanoparticles interferes with the genotoxicity of ZnO-NPs and should be discussed as a reasonable and safe alternative to the sole use of ZnO-NPs in consumer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Hackenberg
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Agmal Scherzed
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Angela Zapp
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Radeloff
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Ginzkey
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery "Otto-Körner" University Medical Center Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Gehrke
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Ickrath
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Kleinsasser
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Germany
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Long-term exposures to low doses of silver nanoparticles enhanced in vitro malignant cell transformation in non-tumorigenic BEAS-2B cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 37:41-49. [PMID: 27596524 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To predict carcinogenic potential of AgNPs on the respiratory system, BEAS-2B cells (human bronchial epithelial cells) were chronically exposed to low- and non-cytotoxic dose (0.13 and 1.33μg/ml) of AgNPs for 4months (#40 passages). To assess malignant cell transformation of chronic exposure to AgNPs, several bioassays including anchorage independent agar colony formation, cell migration/invasion assay, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were performed in BEAS-2B cells. Chronic exposure to AgNPs showed a significant increase of anchorage independent agar colony formation and cell migration/invasion. EMT, which is the loss of epithelial markers (E-Cadherin and Keratin) and the gain of mesenchymal marker (N-cadherin and Vimentin), was induced by chronic exposure to AgNPs. These responses indicated that chronic exposure to AgNPs could acquire characteristics of tumorigenic cells from normal BEAS-2B cells. In addition, caspase-3, p-p53, p-p38, and p-JNK were significantly decreased, while p-ERK1/2 was significantly increased. MMP-9 related to cell migration/invasion was upregulated, while a MMP-9 inhibitor, TIMP-1 was down-regulated. These results indicated that BEAS-2B cells exposed to AgNPs could induce anti-apoptotic response/anoikis resistance, and cell migration/invasion by complex regulation of MAPK kinase (p38, JNK, and ERK) and p53 signaling pathways. Therefore, we suggested that long-term exposure to low-dose of AgNPs could enhance malignant cell transformation in non-tumorigenic BEAS-2B cells. Our findings provide useful information needed to assess the carcinogenic potential of AgNPs.
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37
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UVB irradiation-enhanced zinc oxide nanoparticles-induced DNA damage and cell death in mouse skin. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 807:15-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Carmona ER, Inostroza-Blancheteau C, Rubio L, Marcos R. Genotoxic and oxidative stress potential of nanosized and bulk zinc oxide particles in Drosophila melanogaster. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 32:1987-2001. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233715599472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONP) are manufactured on a large scale and can be found in a variety of consumer products, such as sunscreens, lotions, paints and food additives. Few studies have been carried out on its genotoxic potential and related mechanisms in whole organisms. In the present study, the in vivo genotoxic activity of ZnONP and its bulk form was assayed using the wing-spot test and comet assay in Drosophila melanogaster. Additionally, a lipid peroxidation analysis using the thiobarbituric acid assay was also performed. Results obtained with the wing-spot test showed a lack of genotoxic activity of both ZnO forms. However, when both particle sizes were tested in the comet assay using larvae haemocytes, a significant increase in DNA damage was observed for ZnONP treatments but only at the higher dose applied. In addition, the lipid peroxidation assay showed significant malondialdehyde (MDA) induction for both ZnO forms, but the induction of MDA for ZnONP was higher for the ZnO bulk, suggesting that the observed DNA strand breaks could be induced by mediated oxidative stress. The overall data suggest that the potential genotoxicity of ZnONP in Drosophila can be considered weak according to the lack of mutagenic and recombinogenic effects and the induction of primary DNA damage only at high toxic doses of ZnONP. This study is the first assessing the genotoxic and oxidative stress potential of nano and bulk ZnO particles in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erico R Carmona
- Grupo de Genotoxicología, Núcleo de Investigación en Estudios Ambientales, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela de Agronomía, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Laura Rubio
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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Effect of particle size and dispersion status on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of zinc oxide in human bronchial epithelial cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 805:7-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Ninsontia C, Phiboonchaiyanan PP, Chanvorachote P. Zinc induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human lung cancer H460 cells via superoxide anion-dependent mechanism. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:48. [PMID: 27330411 PMCID: PMC4912812 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been shown to be a crucial enhancing mechanism in the process of cancer metastasis, as it increases cancer cell capabilities to migrate, invade and survive in circulating systems. This study aimed to investigate the effect of essential element zinc on EMT characteristics in lung cancer cells. METHODS The effect of zinc on EMT was evaluated by determining the EMT behaviors using migration, invasion and colony formation assay. EMT markers were examined by western blot analysis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by specific fluorescence dyes and flow cytometry. All results were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by individual comparisons with post hoc test. RESULTS The present study has revealed for the first time that the zinc could induce EMT and related metastatic behaviors in lung cancer cells. Results showed that treatment of the cells with zinc resulted in the significant increase of EMT markers N-cadherin, vimentin, snail and slug and decrease of E-cadherin proteins. Zinc-treated cells exhibited the mesenchymal-like morphology and increased cancer cell motility with significant increase of activated FAK, Rac1, and RhoA. Also, tumorigenic abilities of lung cancer cells could be enhanced by zinc. Importantly, the underlying mechanism was found to be caused by the ability of zinc to generate intracellular superoxide anion. Zinc was shown to induce cellular superoxide anion generation and the up-regulation of EMT markers and the induced cell migration and invasion in zinc-treated cells could be attenuated by the treatment of MnTBAP, a specific superoxide anion inhibitor. CONCLUSION Knowledge gains from this study may highlight the roles of this important element in the regulation of EMT and cancer metastasis and fulfill the understanding in the area of cancer cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanpit Ninsontia
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand ; Cell-based Drug and Health Products Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Preeyaporn Plaimee Phiboonchaiyanan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand ; Cell-based Drug and Health Products Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand ; Cell-based Drug and Health Products Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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García-Hevia L, Valiente R, Martín-Rodríguez R, Renero-Lecuna C, González J, Rodríguez-Fernández L, Aguado F, Villegas JC, Fanarraga ML. Nano-ZnO leads to tubulin macrotube assembly and actin bundling, triggering cytoskeletal catastrophe and cell necrosis. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:10963-10973. [PMID: 27228212 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00391e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is a crucial element in biology that plays chief catalytic, structural and protein regulatory roles. Excess cytoplasmic zinc is toxic to cells so there are cell-entry and intracellular buffering mechanisms that control intracellular zinc availability. Tubulin and actin are two zinc-scavenging proteins that are essential components of the cellular cytoskeleton implicated in cell division, migration and cellular architecture maintenance. Here we demonstrate how exposure to different ZnO nanostructures, namely ZnO commercial nanoparticles and custom-made ZnO nanowires, produce acute cytotoxic effects in human keratinocytes (HaCat) and epithelial cells (HeLa) triggering a dose-dependent cell retraction and collapse. We show how engulfed ZnO nanoparticles dissolve intracellularly, triggering actin filament bundling and structural changes in microtubules, transforming these highly dynamic 25 nm diameter polymers into rigid macrotubes of tubulin, severely affecting cell proliferation and survival. Our results demonstrate that nano-ZnO causes acute cytoskeletal collapse that triggers necrosis, followed by a late reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent apoptotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena García-Hevia
- Grupo de Nanomedicina-IDIVAL, Facultad de Medicina, Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain.
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Nadhman A, Sirajuddin M, Nazir S, Yasinzai M. Photo-induced Leishmania DNA degradation by silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticle: an in-vitro approach. IET Nanobiotechnol 2016; 10:129-133. [PMID: 27256892 PMCID: PMC8676311 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2015.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the authors reported newly synthesised polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated silver (9%)-doped zinc oxide nanoparticle (doped semiconductor nanoparticle (DSN)) which has high potency for killing Leishmania tropica by producing reactive oxygen species on exposure to sunlight. The current report is focused on Leishmania DNA interaction and damage caused by the DSN. Here, we showed that the damage to Leishmania DNA was indirect, as the DSN was unable to interact with the DNA in intact Leishmania cell, indicating the incapability of PEGylated DSN to cross the nucleus barrier. The DNA damage was the result of high production of singlet oxygen on exposure to sunlight. The DNA damage was successfully prevented by singlet oxygen scavenger (sodium azide) confirming involvement of the highly energetic singlet oxygen in the DNA degradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Nadhman
- Nanosciences and Catalysis Division, National Centre for physics, Shahdra Valley Road, Quaid-i-Azam University campus, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Sirajuddin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology, Bannu, Pakistan
| | - Samina Nazir
- Nanosciences and Catalysis Division, National Centre for physics, Shahdra Valley Road, Quaid-i-Azam University campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Masoom Yasinzai
- Center of Interdisciplinary Research, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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43
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Assessment of the genotoxic potential of two zinc oxide sources (amorphous and nanoparticles) using the in vitro micronucleus test and the in vivo wing somatic mutation and recombination test. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 84:55-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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44
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Wang MM, Wang YC, Wang XN, Liu Y, Zhang H, Zhang JW, Huang Q, Chen SP, Hei TK, Wu LJ, Xu A. Mutagenicity of ZnO nanoparticles in mammalian cells: Role of physicochemical transformations under the aging process. Nanotoxicology 2015; 9:972-82. [PMID: 25676621 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.992816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) potentially undergo physicochemical transformation in the environment, which may lead to unexpected environmental and health risks. The "aging" process is essential for better understanding the toxicity and fate of NPs in the environment. However, the mutagenic effects of aged ZnO NPs are still unexplored. The present study focused on investigating the physicochemical transformation during aging process and clarifying the mutagenicity of naturally aged ZnO NPs in human-hamster hybrid (AL) cells. It was found that ZnO NPs underwent sophisticated physicochemical transformations with aging regardless of original morphology or size, such as the microstructural changes, the formation of hydrozincite (Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6) and the release of free zinc ions. Interestingly, the aged ZnO NPs were investigated to be able to result in much lower cytotoxicity while relatively high degree mutation than fresh ZnO NPs. With characterization of the soluble and insoluble fractions of aged ZnO NPs suspension, together with the control measurements using metal chelator (TPEN) and endocytosis inhibitor (Nystatin), it was revealed that the release of zinc ions and nanoparticle uptake made significantly different contributions to the mutagenicity of fresh and aged ZnO NPs. This study clearly demonstrated that the physicochemical transformation of ZnO NPs with aging plays important and comprehensive roles in the ZnO NPs-induced mutagenicity in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei M Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province , Hefei , Anhui , PR China
| | - Yi C Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province , Hefei , Anhui , PR China
| | - Xi N Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province , Hefei , Anhui , PR China
| | - Yun Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province , Hefei , Anhui , PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province , Hefei , Anhui , PR China
| | - Jian W Zhang
- b School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , PR China , and
| | - Qing Huang
- a Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province , Hefei , Anhui , PR China
| | - Shao P Chen
- a Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province , Hefei , Anhui , PR China
| | - Tom K Hei
- c Department of Radiation Oncology , Center for Radiological Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University , NY , USA
| | - Li J Wu
- a Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province , Hefei , Anhui , PR China
| | - An Xu
- a Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province , Hefei , Anhui , PR China
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Saptarshi SR, Duschl A, Lopata AL. Biological reactivity of zinc oxide nanoparticles with mammalian test systems: an overview. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:2075-92. [PMID: 26135328 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have useful physicochemical advantages, and are used extensively. This has raised concerns regarding their potential toxicity. ZnO NP attributes that contribute to cytotoxicity and immune reactivity, however, seem to vary across literature considerably. Largely, dissolution and generation of reactive oxygen species appear to be the most commonly reported paradigms. Moreover, ZnO NP size and shape may also contribute toward their overall nano-bio interactions. Analysis is further complicated by factors such as adsorption of proteins on the NP surface, which may influence their bioreactivity. The main aim of this review is to give a systematic overview of the postulates explaining cytotoxic, inflammatory and genotoxic effects of ZnO NPs when exposed to different types of cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti R Saptarshi
- Molecular Immunology Group, Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery & Molecular Development of Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Albert Duschl
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andreas L Lopata
- Molecular Immunology Group, Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery & Molecular Development of Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Zijno A, De Angelis I, De Berardis B, Andreoli C, Russo MT, Pietraforte D, Scorza G, Degan P, Ponti J, Rossi F, Barone F. Different mechanisms are involved in oxidative DNA damage and genotoxicity induction by ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles in human colon carcinoma cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1503-12. [PMID: 26079941 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work we investigated the genotoxicity of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs; TiO2 NPs) induced by oxidative stress on human colon carcinoma cells (Caco-2 cells). We measured free radical production in acellular conditions by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance technique and genotoxicity by micronucleus and Comet assays. Oxidative DNA damage was assessed by modified Comet assay and by measuring 8-oxodG steady state levels. The repair kinetics of DNA oxidation as well as the expression levels of hOGG1 were also analyzed. Even if both NPs were able to produce ROS in acellular conditions and to increase 8-oxodG levels in Caco-2 cells, only ZnO NPs resulted genotoxic inducing micronuclei and DNA damage. Furthermore, Caco-2 cells exposed to ZnO NPs were not able to repair the oxidative DNA damage that was efficiently repaired after TiO2 NPs treatment, through OGG1 involvement. These results indicate that the high oxidant environment caused by ZnO NPs in our cellular model can induce DNA damage and affect the repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zijno
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Roma, Italy
| | - Isabella De Angelis
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Roma, Italy
| | - Barbara De Berardis
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Roma, Italy
| | - Cristina Andreoli
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Russo
- National Center for Chemicals, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Roma, Italy
| | - Donatella Pietraforte
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Scorza
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Degan
- S.C. Mutagenesis, IRCCS AOU San Martino, IST (Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro), CBA Torre A2, L.go R. Benzi 10, Genova, Italy
| | - Jessica Ponti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Francois Rossi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Flavia Barone
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Roma, Italy.
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Wang D, Zhu L, Chen JF, Dai L. Can graphene quantum dots cause DNA damage in cells? NANOSCALE 2015; 7:9894-901. [PMID: 25967921 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01734c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have attracted tremendous attention for biological applications. We report the first study on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of GQDs to fibroblast cell lines (NIH-3T3 cells). The NIH-3T3 cells treated with GQDs at dosages over 50 μg mL(-1) showed no significant cytotoxicity. However, the GQD-treated NIH-3T3 cells exhibited an increased expression of proteins (p53, Rad 51, and OGG1) related to DNA damage compared with untreated cells, indicating the DNA damage caused by GQDs. The GQD-induced release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was demonstrated to be responsible for the observed DNA damage. These findings should have important implications for future applications of GQDs in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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Karlsson HL, Di Bucchianico S, Collins AR, Dusinska M. Can the comet assay be used reliably to detect nanoparticle-induced genotoxicity? ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2015; 56:82-96. [PMID: 25488706 DOI: 10.1002/em.21933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The comet assay is a sensitive method to detect DNA strand breaks as well as oxidatively damaged DNA at the level of single cells. Today the assay is commonly used in nano-genotoxicology. In this review we critically discuss possible interactions between nanoparticles (NPs) and the comet assay. Concerns for such interactions have arisen from the occasional observation of NPs in the "comet head", which implies that NPs may be present while the assay is being performed. This could give rise to false positive or false negative results, depending on the type of comet assay endpoint and NP. For most NPs, an interaction that substantially impacts the comet assay results is unlikely. For photocatalytically active NPs such as TiO2 , on the other hand, exposure to light containing UV can lead to increased DNA damage. Samples should therefore not be exposed to such light. By comparing studies in which both the comet assay and the micronucleus assay have been used, a good consistency between the assays was found in general (69%); consistency was even higher when excluding studies on TiO2 NPs (81%). The strong consistency between the comet and micronucleus assays for a range of different NPs-even though the two tests measure different endpoints-implies that both can be trusted in assessing the genotoxicity of NPs, and that both could be useful in a standard battery of test methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna L Karlsson
- Nanosafety and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Golbamaki N, Rasulev B, Cassano A, Marchese Robinson RL, Benfenati E, Leszczynski J, Cronin MTD. Genotoxicity of metal oxide nanomaterials: review of recent data and discussion of possible mechanisms. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:2154-98. [PMID: 25580680 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06670g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has rapidly entered into human society, revolutionized many areas, including technology, medicine and cosmetics. This progress is due to the many valuable and unique properties that nanomaterials possess. In turn, these properties might become an issue of concern when considering potentially uncontrolled release to the environment. The rapid development of new nanomaterials thus raises questions about their impact on the environment and human health. This review focuses on the potential of nanomaterials to cause genotoxicity and summarizes recent genotoxicity studies on metal oxide/silica nanomaterials. Though the number of genotoxicity studies on metal oxide/silica nanomaterials is still limited, this endpoint has recently received more attention for nanomaterials, and the number of related publications has increased. An analysis of these peer reviewed publications over nearly two decades shows that the test most employed to evaluate the genotoxicity of these nanomaterials is the comet assay, followed by micronucleus, Ames and chromosome aberration tests. Based on the data studied, we concluded that in the majority of the publications analysed in this review, the metal oxide (or silica) nanoparticles of the same core chemical composition did not show different genotoxicity study calls (i.e. positive or negative) in the same test, although some results are inconsistent and need to be confirmed by additional experiments. Where the results are conflicting, it may be due to the following reasons: (1) variation in size of the nanoparticles; (2) variations in size distribution; (3) various purities of nanomaterials; (4) variation in surface areas for nanomaterials with the same average size; (5) differences in coatings; (6) differences in crystal structures of the same types of nanomaterials; (7) differences in size of aggregates in solution/media; (8) differences in assays; (9) different concentrations of nanomaterials in assay tests. Indeed, due to the observed inconsistencies in the recent literature and the lack of adherence to appropriate, standardized test methods, reliable genotoxicity assessment of nanomaterials is still challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Golbamaki
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology at the Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
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Demir E, Aksakal S, Turna F, Kaya B, Marcos R. In vivo genotoxic effects of four different nano-sizes forms of silica nanoparticles in Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 283:260-266. [PMID: 25282178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Although the use of synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) is steady increasing, scarce information exists on its potential health risk. In particular few and conflictive data exist on its genotoxicity. To fill in this gap we have used Drosophila melanogaster as in vivo model test organism to detect the genotoxic activity of different SAS with different primary sizes (6, 15, 30 and 55 nm). The wing-spot assay and the comet assay in larvae haemocytes were used, and the obtained results were compared with those obtained with the microparticulated form (silicon dioxide). All compounds were administered to third instar larvae at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10mM. No significant increases in the frequencies of mutant spots were observed in the wing-spot assay with any of the tested compounds. On the other hand, significant dose-dependent increases in the levels of primary DNA damage, measured by the comet assay, were observed for all the SAS evaluated but mainly when high doses (5 and 10mM) were used. These in vivo results contribute to increase the database dealing with the potential genotoxic risk associated to SAS nanoparticles exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eşref Demir
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, 07058-Campus Antalya, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Aksakal
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, 07058-Campus Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Turna
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, 07058-Campus Antalya, Turkey
| | - Bülent Kaya
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, 07058-Campus Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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