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Wang F, Xu B, Yang B, Shi T. The lead removal evolution from hazardous waste cathode ray tube funnel glass under enhancement of red mud melting and synthesizing value-added glass-ceramics via reutilization of silicate resources. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 429:128334. [PMID: 35091191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Waste CRT funnel glass (FG) is a typical hazardous waste produced by the electronics industry that contains toxic lead oxide, red mud (RM) is the first waste produced during alumina production. Both of these are extremely difficult to reuse. Here, we report a method to control FG waste, in which RM was used to enhance the removal of Pb from FG via a vacuum thermal process. The removed residual glass was utilized to create glass-ceramics. The results showed that RM can enhance the lead removal from waste CRT funnel glass by the vacuum thermal process. When 30% RM was added, the removal rate reached 98.54%. A significant mechanism of enhancing delead is investigated by a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the -Pb-O-Si-O- network structure was broken by the free calcium ions of RM. Afterward, valuable glass-ceramics with tetragonal-KAlSi2O6 and triclinic-CaSiO3 crystals were synthesized using the residual glass. The Pb, Ba, Cr, and Cu leaching concentrations of the glass-ceramics were well below the regulatory limit (5 mg/L) of the CA-EPA, as measured by the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test. Overall, the results indicated that RM enhanced the removal of lead during the vacuum thermal process. The synthesis of value-added glass-ceramics reutilized silicate resources from waste cathode ray tube (CRT) funnel glass and RM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengkang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clear Utilization, Kunming 650093, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming 650093, PR China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, PR China; School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Baoqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clear Utilization, Kunming 650093, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming 650093, PR China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, PR China.
| | - Bin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clear Utilization, Kunming 650093, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming 650093, PR China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, PR China
| | - Tengteng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clear Utilization, Kunming 650093, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming 650093, PR China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, PR China
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Lu X, Ning XA, Chen D, Chuang KH, Shih K, Wang F. Lead extraction from Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) funnel glass: Reaction mechanisms in thermal reduction with addition of carbon (C). WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 76:671-678. [PMID: 29650298 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study quantitatively determined the extraction of lead from CRT funnel glass and examined the mechanisms of thermally reducing lead in the products of sintering Pb-glass with carbon in the pre-heated furnace. The experimentally derived results indicate that a 90.3 wt% lead extraction efficiency can be achieved with 20 wt% of C addition at 950 °C for 3 min under air. The formation of viscous semi-liquid glass blocked the oxygen supply between the interaction of C and Pb-glass, and was highly effective for the extraction of metallic Pb. A maximum of 87.3% lead recover was obtained with a C to Na2CO3 ratio of 1/3 at 1200 °C. The decrease of C/Na2CO3 ratio enhanced the metallic lead recovery by increasing the glass viscosity for effective sedimentation of metallic lead in the bottom. However, with the further increase of temperature and treatment time, re-vitrification of lead back to silicate-glass matrix was detected in both Pb-glass/C and Pb-glass/C/Na2CO3 systems. The findings indicated that with proper controls, using C as an inexpensive reagent can effectively reduce treatment time and energy, which is crucial to a waste-to-resource technology for economically recovering lead from the waste CRT glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwen Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering and Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Xun-An Ning
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering and Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Kui-Hao Chuang
- Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 406, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kaimin Shih
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Xing M, Wang J, Fu Z, Zhang D, Wang Y, Zhang Z. Extraction of heavy metal (Ba, Sr) and high silica glass powder synthesis from waste CRT panel glasses by phase separation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 347:8-14. [PMID: 29288919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel process for the extraction of heavy metal Ba and Sr from waste CRT panel glass and synchronous preparation of high silica glass powder was developed by glass phase separation. CRT panel glass was first remelted with B2O3 under air atmosphere to produce alkali borosilicate glass. During the phase separation process, the glass separated into two interconnected phases which were B2O3-rich phase and SiO2-rich phase. Most of BaO, SrO and other metal oxides including Na2O, K2O, Al2O3 and CaO were mainly concentrated in the B2O3-rich phase. The interconnected B2O3-rich phase can be completely leached out by 5mol/L HNO3 at 90 ℃. The remaining SiO2-rich phase was porous glasses consisting almost entirely of silica. The maximum Ba and Sr removal rates were 98.84% and 99.38% and high silica glass powder (SiO2 purity > 90 wt%) was obtained by setting the temperature, B2O3 added amount and holding time at 1000-1100 ℃, 20-30% and 30 min, respectively. Thus this study developed an potential economical process for detoxification and reclamation of waste heavy metal glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Xing
- Henan Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Mine Environmental Protection and Ecological Remediation, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China; Institute of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Institute of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China
| | - Zegang Fu
- Institute of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Jiaozuo Environmental Protection Agency, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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4
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Hu B, Hui W. Lead recovery from waste CRT funnel glass by high-temperature melting process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 343:220-226. [PMID: 28961502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this research, a novel and effective process for waste CRT funnel glass treatment was developed. The key to this process is removal of lead from the CRT funnel glass by high-temperature melting process. Sodium carbonate powder was used as a fusion agent, sodium sulfide serves as a catalytic agent and carbon powder acts as reducing agent. Experimental results showed that lead recovery rate increased with an increase in the amount of added sodium carbonate, sodium sulfide, carbonate, temperature and holding time initially, and then reached a stable value. The maximum lead recovery rate was approximately 94%, when the optimum adding amount of sodium carbonate, sodium sulfide, carbonate, temperature and holding time were 25%, 8%, 3.6%, 1200°C and 120min, respectively. In the high-temperature melting process, lead silicate in the funnel glass was firstly reduced, and then removed. The glass slag can be made into sodium and potassium silicate by hydrolysis process. This study proposed a practical and economical process for recovery of lead and utilization of waste glass slag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Hu
- School of Management, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China; School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenlong Hui
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China.
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Dias P, Oliveira ED, Veit H. Lead hazard evaluation for cathode ray tube monitors in Brazil. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20180351s20160367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Dias
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | | | - Hugo Veit
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
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Jani Y, Hogland W. Reduction-melting extraction of trace elements from hazardous waste glass from an old glasswork's dump in the southeastern part of Sweden. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:26341-26349. [PMID: 28944435 PMCID: PMC5719799 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
At the southeastern part of Sweden, old art and crystal waste glass has been identified as a hazardous waste due to high weight concentrations of Pb (32.398%), Cd (0.085%), and As (1.976%). The reduction-melting technique was used to investigate the extraction of these trace elements from powder waste glass of particle size < 1 mm. Following a factorial design technique, the experimental results of the reduction-melting method showed that 99.9% of Pb, 100% of Cd, and 99% of As could be extracted. For a batch of 10 g powder waste glass, the found experimental and theoretical optimum operating conditions were 1100 °C of melting temperature, 5 g of Na2CO3, 2 g of carbon, and 120 min of melting time. The reduction-melting method displayed promising results which might help in recycling the extracted trace elements and glass compared to the current used solution of landfilling as hazardous wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Jani
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University (LNU), Landgången 3, SE-392 31, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - William Hogland
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University (LNU), Landgången 3, SE-392 31, Kalmar, Sweden
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Bursi E, Barbieri L, Lancellotti I, Saccani A, Bignozzi M. Lead waste glasses management: Chemical pretreatment for use in cementitious composites. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2017; 35:958-966. [PMID: 28681661 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x17715098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This article investigates the effect of a low-impact chemical treatment based on a nitrilotriacetic acid chelating agent on the reactivity of funnel glass derived from discarded cathode ray tubes. Treated and untreated glass has been recycled either as a supplementary cementing material or as a fine aggregate in cementitious mortars. The effect of the treatment on the chemical and morphological properties of cullets, as well as on the solubility in an alkaline environment has been evaluated. Data so far collected underline a change in glass cullets characteristics that consequently affects their behaviour in cementitious mortars, reducing the pozzolanic activity as supplementary cementing material, but strongly decreasing the tendency towards alkali silica reactions when added as a fine aggregate. The leaching behaviour of lead on treated and untreated glass and on derived composites has been determined to verify the sustainability of the prepared materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bursi
- 1 Dipartimento di Ingegneria "Enzo Ferrari" Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luisa Barbieri
- 1 Dipartimento di Ingegneria "Enzo Ferrari" Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Isabella Lancellotti
- 1 Dipartimento di Ingegneria "Enzo Ferrari" Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Saccani
- 2 Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Bignozzi
- 2 Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Wojciechowska A, Wieszczycka K, Wojciechowska I, Olszanowski A. Lead(II) extraction from aqueous solutions by pyridine extractants. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Okada T. Water-soluble lead in cathode ray tube funnel glass melted in a reductive atmosphere. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 316:43-51. [PMID: 27209518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the reduction-melting process, lead can be recovered from cathode ray tube funnel glass (PbO=25wt%); however, resulting glass residues still contain approximately 1-2wt% of unrecovered lead. For environmental protection in the residue disposal or recycling, it is important to evaluate the quantities of water-soluble species among the unrecovered lead. This study examined water-soluble lead species generated in the reduction-melting process of the funnel glass and factors determining their generation. In the reduction-melting, metallic lead was generated by reducing lead oxides in the glass, and a part of the metallic lead remained in the glass residue. Such unrecovered metallic lead can dissolve in water depending on its pH level and was regarded as water-soluble lead. When 10g Na2CO3 was added to 20g funnel glass during reduction-melting, the resulting glass contained high concentrations of sodium. In a water leaching of the glass, the obtained leachate was alkalized by the sodium-rich glass (pH=12.7-13.0). The unrecovered metallic lead in the glass was extracted in the alkalized leachate. The quantity of the unrecovered metallic lead (water-soluble lead) in the glass decreased when the melting time, melting temperature, and carbon dosage were controlled during reduction-melting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Okada
- Laboratory of Mineral Processing and Resources Recycling, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628 Japan.
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Mingfei X, Yaping W, Jun L, Hua X. Lead recovery and glass microspheres synthesis from waste CRT funnel glasses through carbon thermal reduction enhanced acid leaching process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 305:51-58. [PMID: 26642446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel process for detoxification and reutilization of waste cathode ray tube (CRT) funnel glass was developed by carbon thermal reduction enhanced acid leaching process. The key to this process is removal of lead from the CRT funnel glass and synchronous preparation of glass microspheres. Carbon powder was used as an isolation agent and a reducing agent. Under the isolation of the carbon powder, the funnel glass powder was sintered into glass microspheres. In thermal reduction, PbO in the funnel glass was first reduced to elemental Pb by carbon monoxide and then located on the surface of glass microspheres which can be removed easily by acid leaching. Experimental results showed that temperature, carbon adding amount and holding time were the major parameters that controlled lead removal rate. The maximum lead removal rate was 94.80% and glass microspheres that measured 0.73-14.74μm were obtained successfully by setting the temperature, carbon adding amount and holding time at 1200°C, 10% and 30min, respectively. The prepared glass microspheres may be used as fillers in polymer materials and abrasive materials, among others. Accordingly, this study proposed a practical and economical process for detoxification and recycling of waste lead-containing glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Mingfei
- Henan Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Mine Environmental Protection and Ecological Remediation, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China; Institute of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China.
| | - Wang Yaping
- School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China
| | - Li Jun
- Institute of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China
| | - Xu Hua
- Mengzhou talents exchange center, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China
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