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Zhang J, Zheng T, Helalat SH, Yesibolati MN, Sun Y. Synthesis of eco-friendly multifunctional dextran microbeads for multiplexed assays. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 666:603-614. [PMID: 38613982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
There has been an increasing demand for simultaneous detection of multiple analytes in one sample. Microbead-based platforms have been developed for multiplexed assays. However, most of the microbeads are made of non-biodegradable synthetic polymers, leading to environmental and human health concerns. In this study, we developed an environmentally friendly dextran microbeads as a new type of multi-analyte assay platform. Biodegradable dextran was utilized as the primary material. Highly uniform magnetic dextran microspheres were successfully synthesized using the Shirasu porous glass (SPG) membrane emulsification technique. To enhance the amount of surface functional groups for ligand conjugation, we coated the dextran microbeads with a layer of dendrimers via a simple electrostatic adsorption process. Subsequently, a unique and efficient click chemistry coupling technique was developed for the fluorescence encoding of the microspheres, enabling multiplexed detection. The dextran microbeads were tested for 3-plex cytokine analysis, and exhibited excellent biocompatibility, stable coding signals, low background noise and high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tao Zheng
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Seyed Hossein Helalat
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Murat Nulati Yesibolati
- National Centre for Nanofabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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2
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Wu S, Deng S, Xia F, Han X, Ju T, Xiao H, Xu X, Yang Y, Jiang Y, Xi B. A novel thermosensitive persulfate controlled-release hydrogel based on agarose/silica composite for sustained nitrobenzene degradation from groundwater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130619. [PMID: 37056022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The increasing risk of organic contamination of groundwater poses a serious threat to the environment and human health, causing an urgent need to develop long-lasting and adaptable remediation materials. Controlled-release materials (CRMs) are capable of encapsulating oxidants to achieve long-lasting release properties in aquifers and considered to be effective strategies in groundwater remediation. In this study, novel hydrogels (ASGs) with thermosensitive properties were prepared based on agarose and silica to achieve controlled persulfate (PS) release. By adjusting the composition ratio, the gelation time and internal pore structure of the hydrogels were regulated for groundwater application, which in turn affected the PS encapsulated amount and release properties. The hydrogels exhibited significant temperature responsiveness, with 6.8 times faster gelation rates and 2.8 times longer controlled release ability at 10 ℃ than at 30 ℃. The ASGs were further combined with zero-valent iron to achieve long-lasting degradation of the typical nitrobenzene compound 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), and the degradation performance was maintained at 50 % within 14 PV, which was significantly improved compared with that of the PS/ZVI system. This study provided new concepts for the design of controlled-release materials and theoretical support for the remediation of organic contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Sheng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Fu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Tianyu Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Han Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiangjian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Yonghai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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3
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Zhang Y, Wang T, Guo H, Gao X, Yan Y, Zhou X, Zhao M, Qin H, Liu Y. An ion-coordination hydrogel based sensor array for point-of-care identification and removal of multiple tetracyclines. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 231:115266. [PMID: 37058957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Misuse and overuse of tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) brings serious issues to ecological environment, food safety and human health. It is urgent to develop unique platform for high efficient identification and removal of TCs. In the present investigation, an effective and simple fluorescence sensor array was constructed based on the interaction between metal ions (Eu3+ and Al3+) and antibiotics. Benefiting from the different affinities between the ions and TCs, the sensor array can identify TCs from other antibiotics, which also can further differentiating four kinds of TCs (OTC, CTC, TC and DOX) from each other via linear discriminant analysis (LDA) technique. Meanwhile, the sensor array performed well in quantitative analysis of single TC antibiotic and differentiation of TCs mixtures. More interestingly, Eu3+ and Al3+-doped sodium alginate/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel beads (SA/Eu/PVA and SA/Al/PVA) were further constructed, which can not only identify the TCs but simultaneously remove the antibiotics with high efficiency. The investigation provided an instructive way for rapid detection and environment protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Tianlin Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Hanqiong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Minyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Haijuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yaqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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4
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Jia XX, Yao ZY, Liu S, Gao ZX. Suspension array for multiplex immunoassay of five common endocrine disrupter chemicals. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:290. [PMID: 34355262 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04905-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A low cost and effective indirect competitive method is reported to detect five EDCs, 17-beta-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), bisphenol A (BPA), diethylstilbestrol (DES), and nonylphenol (NP) simultaneously, based on suspension array technology (SAT). Five kinds of complete antigens (E2-BSA, E3-BSA, BPA-BSA, DES-BPA, NP-BSA) were coupled to different encoding microspheres using purpose-made solutions in our laboratory instead of commercially available amino coupling kits; the method was further optimized for determination and reducing the cost. Encoding and signaling fluorescence of the particles are determined at 635/532 nm emission wavelengths. High-throughput curves of five EDCs were draw and the limit of detection (LOD) were between 0.0010 ng mL-1 ~ 0.0070 ng mL-1. Compared with traditional ELISA methods, the SAT exhibited better specificity and sensitivity. Experiments using spiked milk and tap water samples were also carried out, and the recovery was between 85 and 110%; the results also confirmed good repeatability and reproducibility. It illustrated great potential of the present strategy in the detection of EDCs in actual samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Xia Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, 1 Da Li Road, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Yi Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, 1 Da Li Road, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, 1 Da Li Road, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xian Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, 1 Da Li Road, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Nunes YL, de Menezes FL, de Sousa IG, Cavalcante ALG, Cavalcante FTT, da Silva Moreira K, de Oliveira ALB, Mota GF, da Silva Souza JE, de Aguiar Falcão IR, Rocha TG, Valério RBR, Fechine PBA, de Souza MCM, Dos Santos JCS. Chemical and physical Chitosan modification for designing enzymatic industrial biocatalysts: How to choose the best strategy? Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:1124-1170. [PMID: 33864867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is one of the most abundant natural polymer worldwide, and due to its inherent characteristics, its use in industrial processes has been extensively explored. Because it is biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, hydrophilic, cheap, and has good physical-chemical stability, it is seen as an excellent alternative for the replacement of synthetic materials in the search for more sustainable production methodologies. Thus being, a possible biotechnological application of Chitosan is as a direct support for enzyme immobilization. However, its applicability is quite specific, and to overcome this issue, alternative pretreatments are required, such as chemical and physical modifications to its structure, enabling its use in a wider array of applications. This review aims to present the topic in detail, by exploring and discussing methods of employment of Chitosan in enzymatic immobilization processes with various enzymes, presenting its advantages and disadvantages, as well as listing possible chemical modifications and combinations with other compounds for formulating an ideal support for this purpose. First, we will present Chitosan emphasizing its characteristics that allow its use as enzyme support. Furthermore, we will discuss possible physicochemical modifications that can be made to Chitosan, mentioning the improvements obtained in each process. These discussions will enable a comprehensive comparison between, and an informed choice of, the best technologies concerning enzyme immobilization and the application conditions of the biocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yale Luck Nunes
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Fernando Lima de Menezes
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Isamayra Germano de Sousa
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Antônio Luthierre Gama Cavalcante
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Katerine da Silva Moreira
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza CEP 60455760, CE, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Barros de Oliveira
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza CEP 60455760, CE, Brazil
| | - Gabrielly Ferreira Mota
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - José Erick da Silva Souza
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Italo Rafael de Aguiar Falcão
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Thales Guimaraes Rocha
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Roberta Bussons Rodrigues Valério
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Pierre Basílio Almeida Fechine
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristiane Martins de Souza
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - José C S Dos Santos
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil; Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza CEP 60455760, CE, Brazil.
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6
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Carretero DS, Huang CP, Tzeng JH, Huang CP. The recovery of sulfuric acid from spent piranha solution over a dimensionally stable anode (DSA) Ti-RuO 2 electrode. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124658. [PMID: 33321314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Piranha solution is a highly acidic mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The present study aimed at developing a dimensionally stable anode (DSA), made of titanium metal foil coated with Ruthenium Dioxide (RuO2), for the electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of strong sulfuric acid under ambient conditions. Results showed that hydrogen peroxide in the piranha solution was fully degraded in 5 h under a constant current of 2 A (or current density of 0.32 A-cm-2). The oxidation kinetics of hydrogen peroxide followed the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The observed rate constant was a function of applied current. The initial current efficiency was 17.5% at 0.5 A (or 0.08 A-cm-2) and slightly decreased to about 13.5% at applied current between 1.3 and 1.5 A (or current density of 0.208 and 0.24 A-cm-2). Results showed the capability and feasibility of the electrochemical oxidation process for the recovery of sulfuric acid from the spent piranha solution in semiconductor industrial installations or general laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sanchez Carretero
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Chih-Pin Huang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Hua Tzeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Chin-Pao Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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7
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Jia XX, Yao ZY, Gao ZX, Fan ZC. The Role of Suspension Array Technology in Rapid Detection of Foodborne Pollutants: Applications and Future Challenges. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1408-1421. [PMID: 33611988 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1882833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Food safety is an important livelihood issue, which has always been focused attention by countries and governments all over the world. As food supply chains are becoming global, food quality control is essential for consumer protection as well as for the food industry. In recent years, a great part of food analysis is carried out using new techniques for rapid detection. As the first biochip technology that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), there is an increasing interest in suspension array technology (SAT) for food and environmental analysis with advantages of rapidity, high accuracy, sensitivity, and throughput. Therefore, it is important for researchers to understand the development and application of this technology in food industry. Herein, we summarized the principle and composition of SAT and its application in food safety monitoring. The utility of SAT in detection of foodborne microorganisms, residues of agricultural and veterinary drugs, genetically modified food and allergens in recent years is elaborated, and the further development direction of SAT is envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Xia Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, China International Scientific & Technological Cooperation Base for Health Biotechnology, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yi Yao
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Xian Gao
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Chuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, China International Scientific & Technological Cooperation Base for Health Biotechnology, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
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8
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Li S, Zhang Q, Chen M, Zhang X, Liu P. Determination of veterinary drug residues in food of animal origin: Sample preparation methods and analytical techniques. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2020.1798247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Li
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiongyao Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengdi Chen
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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9
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Liu J, Sun L, Zhan H, Fan LJ. Preparation of Fluorescence-Encoded Microspheres Based on Hydrophobic Conjugated Polymer-Dye Combination and the Immunoassay. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:3009-3018. [PMID: 35030793 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent microspheres are greatly demanded in many applications based on high-throughput suspension array technology. To realize the multiplexed assay, microspheres should be encoded to identify the interaction between analytes and spheres. This study advanced a strategy for preparing fluorescence-encoded microspheres, employing two hydrophobic fluorophores, poly(p-phenyleneethylene) (PPE), and Nile Red (NR), as well as the monodisperse amino-modified porous substrate polymeric spheres, poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres (APGMA). Loading the fluorophores sequentially onto the substrate spheres via adsorption by immersing the spheres in the dipping solution of fluorophores resulted in the APGMA-PPE-NR spheres. By varying the concentration and combination of fluorophores in the solution, an array of 64-code APGMA-PPE-NR spheres was obtained and could be easily individually decoded via flow cytometry. A 2D dot plot from the flow cytometry of a set of mixed spheres with four different codes could also be differentiated, coincident with the overlaid plots of the spheres' corresponding codes but measured individually. These spheres were found to have good stability against washing, photobleaching, and thermal treatment. In addition, a sandwich immunoassay for the detection of goat IgG was performed, and the capability of the encoded spheres to be used in suspension array technology was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxin Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Hao Zhan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Li-Juan Fan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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