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Zhu W, Wang Y, Yao F, Wang X, Zheng H, Ye G, Cheng H, Wu J, Huang H, Ye D. One-pot synthesis of N-doped petroleum coke-based microporous carbon for high-performance CO 2 adsorption and supercapacitors. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 139:93-104. [PMID: 38105081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Waste resource utilization of petroleum coke is crucial for achieving global carbon emission reduction. Herein, a series of N-doped microporous carbons were fabricated from petroleum coke using a one-pot synthesis method. The as-prepared samples had a large specific surface area (up to 2512 m2/g), a moderate-high N content (up to 4.82 at.%), and high population (55%) of ultra-micropores (<0.7 nm). Regulating the N content and ultra-microporosity led to efficient CO2 adsorption and separation. At ambient pressure, the optimal N-doped petroleum coke-based microporous carbon exhibited the highest CO2 uptake of 4.25 mmol/g at 25°C and 6.57 mmol/g at 0°C. These values are comparable or even better than those of numerous previously reported adsorbents prepared by multistep synthesis, primarily due to the existence of ultra-micropores. The sample exhibited excellent CO2/N2 selectivity at 25°C owing to the abundant basic pyridinic and pyrrolic N species; and showed superior CO2 adsorption-desorption cycling performance, which was maintained at 97% after 10 cycles at 25°C. Moreover, petroleum coke-based microporous carbon, with a considerably high specific surface area and hierarchical pore structure, exhibited excellent electrochemical performance over the N-doped sample, maintaining a favorable specific capacitance of 233.25 F/g at 0.5 A/g in 6 mol/L KOH aqueous electrolyte. This study provides insight into the influence of N-doping on the porous properties of petroleum coke-based carbon. Furthermore, the as-prepared carbons were found to be promising adsorbents for CO2 adsorption, CO2/N2 separation and electrochemical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfu Zhu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fan Yao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haoming Zheng
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guangzheng Ye
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hairong Cheng
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junliang Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control (SCUT), Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haomin Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control (SCUT), Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Daiqi Ye
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control (SCUT), Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Karimi M, Shirzad M, Silva JAC, Rodrigues AE. Carbon dioxide separation and capture by adsorption: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2023; 21:1-44. [PMID: 37362013 PMCID: PMC10018639 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-023-01589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Rising adverse impact of climate change caused by anthropogenic activities is calling for advanced methods to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Here, we review adsorption technologies for carbon dioxide capture with focus on materials, techniques, and processes, additive manufacturing, direct air capture, machine learning, life cycle assessment, commercialization and scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karimi
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Mohammad Shirzad
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - José A. C. Silva
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Alírio E. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Adsorptive removal of Cd2+, Pb2+, and Fe2+ from acid mine drainage using a mixture of waste orange and lemon activated carbon (WOLAC): equilibrium study. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-022-02739-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Salawu EY, Adediran AA, Ajayi OO, Inegbenebor AO, Dirisu JO. On the analyses of carbon atom diffused into grey cast iron during carburisation process. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18303. [PMID: 36316528 PMCID: PMC9622907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22136-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The study employed Fick's second law of diffusion to discover some unknown aspect of carbon diffusion in grey cast iron during carburisation process. Emphasis on the experiments and theoretical modelling were established for better accomplishments. Pulverised palm kernel and eggshell additives of 70 (wt.%) and 30 (wt.%) according to the Voige law of mixture was considered as a continuous medium without considering the atomic nature of the mixture. Furthermore, a kinetic approach was described where a physical model of the substrate immersed in the carbon mixture was established while diffusion equations were modelled to establish the mechanism of carbon diffusion during carburisation. Initial composition and concentration of diffused atom remained constant which are 2.68 and 6.67% carbon. While the carburizing time used varied from 60 min, 90 min, 120 min, 150 min, 180 min and 210 min respectively at constant carburising temperature of 900° The results revealed varying composition gradient of carbon atom ranging from 5.4%, 5.42%, 5.44%, 5.46%, 5.51%, and 5.65 compared to the initial carbon content of 2.68%. The concentration of carbon atom on the substrate surface at varying time implies that the process was non-steady state diffusion which verified Fick's second law of diffusion. Hence, the composition achieved is a function of boundary conditions such as time position and temperature. This novel study will enhance the understanding of heat treat treatment of metals such that their applications in the industry will be numerous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enesi Y. Salawu
- grid.411932.c0000 0004 1794 8359Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Adeolu A. Adediran
- grid.448923.00000 0004 1767 6410Department of Mechanical Engineering, Landmark University, P.M.B 1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State Nigeria ,grid.412988.e0000 0001 0109 131XDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Oluseyi O. Ajayi
- grid.411932.c0000 0004 1794 8359Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Anthony O. Inegbenebor
- grid.411932.c0000 0004 1794 8359Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Joseph O. Dirisu
- grid.411932.c0000 0004 1794 8359Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria
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Memetova A, Tyagi I, Singh L, Karri RR, Tyagi K, Kumar V, Memetov N, Zelenin A, Tkachev A, Bogoslovskiy V, Shigabaeva G, Galunin E, Mubarak NM, Agarwal S. Nanoporous carbon materials as a sustainable alternative for the remediation of toxic impurities and environmental contaminants: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155943. [PMID: 35577088 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to rapidly deteriorating water resources, the world is looking forward to a sustainable alternative for the remediation of noxious pollutants such as heavy metals and organic and gaseous contaminants. To address this global issue of environmental pollution, nanoporous carbon materials (NPCMs) can be used as a one-stop solution. They are widely applied as adsorbents for many toxic impurities and environmental contaminants. The present review provides a detailed overview of the role of different synthesis factors on the porous characteristics of carbon materials, activating agents, reagent-precursor ratio and their potential application in the remediation. Findings revealed that synthetic parameters result in the formation of microporous NPCMs (SBET: >4000 m3/g; VTotal (cm3/g) ≥ 2; VMicro (cm3/g) ≥ 1), micromesoporous (SBET: >2500 m3/g; VTotal (cm3/g) ≥ 1.5; VMicro (cm3/g) ≥ 0.7) and mesoporous (SBET: >2500 m3/g; VTotal (cm3/g) ≥ 1.5; VMicro (cm3/g) ≥ 0.5) NPCMs. Moreover, it was observed that a narrow pore size distribution (0.5-2.0 nm) yields excellent results in the remediation of noxious contaminants. Further, chemical activating agents such as NaOH, KOH, ZnCl2, and H3PO4 were compared. It was observed that activating agents KОН, H3PO4, and ZnCl2 were generally used and played a significant role in the possible large-scale production and commercialization of NPCMs. Thus, it can be interpreted that with a well-planned strategy for the synthesis, NPCMs with a "tuned" porosity for a specific application, in particular, microporosity for the accumulation and adsorption of energetically important gases (CO2, CH4, H2), micro-mesoporosity and mesoporosity for high adsorption capacity for towards metal ions and a large number of dyes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Memetova
- Department of Technology and Methods of Nanoproducts Manufacturing, Tambov State Technical University, 106 Sovetskaya St., Tambov 392000, Russian Federation
| | - Inderjeet Tyagi
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata 700 053, India.
| | - Lipi Singh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi 110042, India
| | - Rama Rao Karri
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Kaomud Tyagi
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata 700 053, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata 700 053, India
| | - Nariman Memetov
- Department of Technology and Methods of Nanoproducts Manufacturing, Tambov State Technical University, 106 Sovetskaya St., Tambov 392000, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Zelenin
- Department of Technology and Methods of Nanoproducts Manufacturing, Tambov State Technical University, 106 Sovetskaya St., Tambov 392000, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Tkachev
- Department of Technology and Methods of Nanoproducts Manufacturing, Tambov State Technical University, 106 Sovetskaya St., Tambov 392000, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Bogoslovskiy
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenina Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Gulnara Shigabaeva
- Department of Organic and Ecological Chemistry, University of Tyumen, 6 Volodarskogo St., Tyumen 625003, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny Galunin
- Department of Organic and Ecological Chemistry, University of Tyumen, 6 Volodarskogo St., Tyumen 625003, Russian Federation
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Shilpi Agarwal
- Center for Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang X, Chen Z, Cheng L, Xu L, Bi X, Liu Q. Valorization of fluid petroleum coke for efficient catalytic destruction of biomass gasification tar. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127297. [PMID: 34601413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Large volumes of waste petroleum coke stockpiled in open yard not only represent a huge loss of valuable material but also pose a significant risk to the environment. This work proposed an innovative strategy for waste petroleum coke valorization by exploring its catalytic performance of biomass gasification tar destruction. Waste petroleum coke was firstly activated by potassium hydroxide (KOH) to obtain high specific surface area as well as low sulfur and ash contents. Petroleum coke derived catalyst showed superior performance than a commercial activated carbon derived catalyst for destruction of naphthalene as the tar model compound. The petroleum coke derived catalyst exhibited 99.1% naphthalene destruction efficiency at 800 °C but deactivated quickly under N2 atmosphere. Under H2 and steam atmospheres, the catalytic activities were 98.6% and 96.5% for 8 h, respectively. To study the correlation between catalytic performance and the structure of carbon catalyst, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) analysis and Raman spectroscopy were performed on both fresh and spent catalysts. Results demonstrated that the hydrogen-rich groups (small rings and amorphous carbon) and oxygen-containing groups may account for the good resistance to coke deposition under H2 and steam atmospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xurui Zhang
- Clean Energy Research Center, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zezhou Chen
- College of Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Clean Energy Research Center, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Linlin Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Xiaotao Bi
- Clean Energy Research Center, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Qingya Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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Wan Mahari WA, Awang S, Zahariman NAZ, Peng W, Man M, Park YK, Lee J, Sonne C, Lam SS. Microwave co-pyrolysis for simultaneous disposal of environmentally hazardous hospital plastic waste, lignocellulosic, and triglyceride biowaste. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127096. [PMID: 34523477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microwave co-pyrolysis was examined as an approach for simultaneous reduction and treatment of environmentally hazardous hospital plastic waste (HPW), lignocellulosic (palm kernel shell, PKS) and triglycerides (waste vegetable oil, WVO) biowaste as co-feedstock. The co-pyrolysis demonstrated faster heating rate (16-43 °C/min) compared to microwave pyrolysis of single feedstock (9-17 °C/min). Microwave co-pyrolysis of HPW/WVO performed at 1:1 ratio produced a higher yield (80.5 wt%) of hydrocarbon liquid fuel compared to HPW/PKS (78.2 wt%). The liquid oil possessed a low nitrogen content (< 4 wt%) and free of sulfur that could reduce the release of hazardous pollutants during its use as fuel in combustion. In particular, the liquid oil obtained from co-pyrolysis of HPW/WVO has low oxygenated compounds (< 16%) leading to reduction in generation of potentially hazardous sludge or problematic acidic tar during oil storage. Insignificant amount of benzene derivatives (< 1%) was also found in the liquid oil, indicating the desirable feature of this pyrolysis approach to suppress the formation of toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Microwave co-pyrolysis of HPW/WVO improved the yield and properties of liquid oil for potential use as a cleaner fuel, whereas the liquid oil from co-pyrolysis of HPW/PKS is applicable in the synthesis of phenolic resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Adibah Wan Mahari
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-Added Products, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Syafikah Awang
- Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nur Alifah Zakirah Zahariman
- Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-Added Products, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China.
| | - Mustafa Man
- Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering & Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O. Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-Added Products, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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Singh RK, Patil T, Pandey D, Tekade SP, Sawarkar AN. Co-pyrolysis of petroleum coke and banana leaves biomass: Kinetics, reaction mechanism, and thermodynamic analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 301:113854. [PMID: 34607141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Insights into thermal degradation behaviour, kinetics, reaction mechanism, possible synergism, and thermodynamic analysis of co-pyrolysis of carbonaceous materials are crucial for efficient design of co-pyrolysis reactor systems. Present study deals with comprehensive kinetics and thermodynamic investigation of co-pyrolysis of petroleum coke (PC) and banana leaves biomass (BLB) for realizing the co-pyrolysis potential. Thermogravimetric non-isothermal studies have been performed at 10, 20, and 30 °C/min heating rates. Synergistic effect between PC and BLB was determined by Devolatilization index (Di) and mass loss method. Kinetic parameters were estimated using seven model-free methods. Standard activation energy for PC + BLB blend from FWO, KAS, Starink, and Vyazovkin methods was ≈165 kJ/mol and that from Friedman and Vyazovkin advanced isoconversional methods was ≈171 kJ/mol. The frequency factor calculated for the blend from Kissinger method was found to be in the range of 106-1016s-1. Devolatilization index (Di) showed synergistic effect of blending. The data pertaining to co-pyrolysis was found to fit well with R2 (second order) and D3 (three dimensional) from Z(α) master plot. Thermodynamic parameters, viz. ΔH ≈ 163 kJ/mol and ΔG ≈ 151 kJ/mol were calculated to determine the feasibility and reactivity of the co-pyrolysis process. The results are expected to be useful in the design of petcoke and banana leaves biomass co-pyrolysis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Trilok Patil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deeksha Pandey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shyam P Tekade
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Gharda Institute of Technology, Lavel, 415708, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashish N Sawarkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Bionanocarbon Functional Material Characterisation and Enhancement Properties in Nonwoven Kenaf Fibre Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142303. [PMID: 34301059 PMCID: PMC8309270 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bionanocarbon as a properties enhancement material in fibre reinforced nanobiocomposite was investigated for sustainable material applications. Currently, an extensive study using the micro size of biocarbon as filler or reinforcement materials has been done. However, poor fibre-matrix interface results in poor mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of the composite. Hence in this study, the nanoparticle of biocarbon was synthesised and applied as a functional material and properties enhancement in composite material. The bionanocarbon was prepared from an oil palm shell, an agriculture waste precursor, via a single-step activation technique. The nanocarbon filler loading was varied from 0, 1, 3, and 5% as nanoparticle properties enhancement in nonwoven kenaf fibre reinforcement in vinyl ester composite using resin transfer moulding technique. The functional properties were evaluated using TEM, particle size, zeta potential, and energy dispersion X-ray (EDX) elemental analysis. While the composite properties enhancement was evaluated using physical, mechanical, morphological, thermal, and wettability properties. The result indicated excellent nanofiller enhancement of fibre-matrix bonding that significantly improved the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the bionanocomposite. The SEM morphology study confirmed the uniform dispersion of the nanoparticle enhanced the fibre-matrix interaction. In this present work, the functional properties of bionanocarbon from oil palm shells (oil palm industrial waste) was incorporated in nanaobiocomposite, which significantly enhance its properties. The optimum enhancement of the bionanocomposite functional properties was obtained at 3% bionanocarbon loading. The improvement can be attributed to homogeneity and improved interfacial interaction between nanoparticles, kenaf fibre, and matrix.
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A Modification of Palm Waste Lignocellulosic Materials into Biographite Using Iron and Nickel Catalyst. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9061079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents an alternative way to maximize the utilization of palm waste by implementing a green approach to modify lignocellulosic materials into a highly crystalline biographite. A bio-graphite structure was successfully synthesized by converting lignocellulosic materials via a simple method using palm kernel shell (PKS) as a carbon precursor. This involved the direct impregnation of a catalyst into raw material followed by a thermal treatment. The structural transformation of the carbon was observed to be significantly altered by employing different types of catalysts and varying thermal treatment temperatures. Both XRD and Raman spectroscopy confirmed that the microstructural alteration occurred in the carbon structure of the sample prepared at 800 and 1000 °C using iron, nickel or the hybrid of iron-nickel catalysts. The XRD pattern revealed a high degree of graphitization for the sample prepared at 1000 °C, and it was evident that iron was the most active graphitization catalyst. The presence of an intensified peak was observed at 2θ = 26.5°, reflecting the formation of a highly ordered graphitic structure as a result of the interaction between the iron catalyst and the thermal treatment process at 1000 °C. The XRD observation was further supported by the Raman spectrum in which PKS-Fe1000 showed a lower defect structure associated with the presence of a significant amount of graphitic structure, as a low value of (Id/Ig) ratio was reported. An HRTEM image showed a well-defined lattice fringe seen on the structure for PKS-Fe1000; meanwhile, a disordered microstructure was observed for the control sample, indicating that successful structural modification was achieved with the aid of the catalyst. Further analysis from BET found that the PKS-Fe1000 developed a surface area of 202.932 m2/g with a pore volume of 0.208 cm3/g. An overall successful modification from palm waste into graphitic material was achieved. Thus, this study will help those involved in waste management to evaluate the possibility of a sustainable process for the generation of graphite material from palm waste. It can be concluded that palm waste is a potential source of production for graphite material through the adoption of the proposed waste management process.
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