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Forján R, Arias-Estévez M, Gallego JLR, Santos E, Arenas-Lago D. Biochar-nanoparticle combinations enhance the biogeochemical recovery of a post-mining soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172451. [PMID: 38641107 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Here we addressed the capacity of distinct amendments to reduce arsenic (As), copper (Cu), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) associated risks and improve the biogeochemical functions of post-mining soil. To this, we examined nanoparticles (NPs) and/or biochar effects, combined with phytostabilization using Lolium perenne L. Soil samples were taken in a former metal mine surroundings. Ryegrass seeds were sown in pots containing different combinations of NPs (zero-valent iron (nZVI) or hydroxyapatite (nH)) (0 and 2 %), and biochar (0, 3 and 5 %). Plants were grown for 45 days and the plant yield and element accumulation were evaluated, also soil properties (element distribution within the soil fractions, fertility, and enzymatic activities associated with microbiota functionality and nutrient cycling) were determined. Results showed biochar-treated soil had a higher pH, and much higher organic carbon (C) content than control soil and NP-treated soils, and it revealed increased labile C, total N, and available P concentrations. Soil treatment with NP-biochar combinations increased exchangeable non-acid cation concentrations and reduced exchangeable Na%, improved soil fertility, reduced sodicity risk, and increased ryegrass biomass. Enzymatic activities, particularly dehydrogenase and glucosidase, increased upon the addition of biochar, and this effect was fostered by NPs. Most treatments led to a significant reduction of metal(loid)s contents in biomass, mitigating contamination risks. The two different NPs had similar effects in many parameters, nH outperformed nZVI in terms of increased nutrients, C content, and enzymatic activities. On the basis of our results, combined biochar-NP amendments use, specially nH, emerges as a potential post-mining soil restoration strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Forján
- INDUROT and Environmental Biogeochemistry and Raw Materials Group, University of Oviedo, Mieres, Spain; Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, Mieres, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Manuel Arias-Estévez
- Department of Plant Biology and -Soil Science, Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA), Campus Auga, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - José Luis R Gallego
- INDUROT and Environmental Biogeochemistry and Raw Materials Group, University of Oviedo, Mieres, Spain
| | - Erika Santos
- Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Associate Laboratory TERRA, LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Centre, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniel Arenas-Lago
- Department of Plant Biology and -Soil Science, Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA), Campus Auga, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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Wang F, Wang H, Dong W, Yu X, Zuo Z, Lu X, Zhao Z, Jiang J, Zhang X. Enhanced multi-metals stabilization: Synergistic insights from hydroxyapatite and peroxide dosing strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172159. [PMID: 38575032 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Sediment contamination by heavy metals is a pressing environmental concern. While in situ metal stabilization techniques have shown promise, a great challenge remains in the simultaneous immobilization of multi-metals co-existing in contaminated sediments. This study aims to address this challenge by developing a practical method for stabilizing multi-metals by hydroxyapatite and calcium peroxide (HAP/CaO2) dosing strategies. Results showed that dosing 15.12 g of HAP/CaO2 at a ratio of 3:1 effectively transformed labile metals into stable fractions, reaching reaction kinetic equilibrium within one month with a pseudo-second-order kinetic (R2 > 0.98). The stable fractions of Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) increased by approximately 16.9 %, 26.7 %, and 21.9 %, respectively, reducing heavy metal mobility and ensuring leachable concentrations complied with the stringent environmental Class I standard. Mechanistic analysis indicated that HAP played a crucial role in Pb stabilization, exhibiting a high rate of 0.0176 d-1, while Cr and Ni stabilization primarily occurred through the formation of hydroxide precipitates, as well as the slowly elevated pH (>8.5). Importantly, the proposed strategy poses a minimal environmental risk to benthic organisms exhibits almost negligible toxicity towards Vibrio fischeri and the Chironomus riparius, and saves about 71 % of costs compared to kaolinite. These advantages suggest the feasibility of HAP/CaO2 dosing strategies in multi-metal stabilization in contaminated sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; School of Economics and Management, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Wenyi Dong
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- School of Economics and Management, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zuo
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Xi Lu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zilong Zhao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Jiahong Jiang
- New York University, New York, NY 10012, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
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Zhang Y, Liang Z, Li P, Lai J, Kang P, Huang R, Liang Y, Yu G. Piped-slow-release calcium nitrate dosing: A new approach to in-situ sediment odor control in rural areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171993. [PMID: 38547967 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Calcium nitrate addition is economically viable and highly efficient for the in-situ treatment of contaminated sediment and enhancement of surface water quality, particularly in rural areas. However, conventional nitrate addition technologies have disadvantages such as excessive nitrate release, sharp ammonium increase, and weakened sulfide oxidation efficiency owing to rapid nitrate injection into the sediment. To resolve these defects, we propose a piped-slow-release (PSR) calcium nitrate dosing method and investigate its treatment efficiency and underlying mechanisms. The results illustrated that PSR dosing had a longer half-life (t1/2 = 5.08 days) and a lower maximum apparent nitrate escape rate of 1.28 % than conventional nitrate injection and other dosing methods. In addition, the PSR managed the inorganic nitrogen release into the overlying water, and after the treatment, the nitrate, ammonium, and nitrite concentrations of 0 mg/L, 8.60 mg/L, and 0 mg/L on day 28 were close to those of the control group (0 mg/L, 8.76 mg/L, and 0 mg/L, respectively). Moreover, the PSR method maintained a moderate nitrate concentration of approximately 3000 mg/L in sediment interstitial water by its controlled-release design, thus greatly enhancing the sulfide oxidation efficiency by relieving the inhibitory effects of high nitrate concentrations, with 83.0 % sulfide being eradicated within 5 days. Sulfide-ferrous nitrate reduction (denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium) genera (e.g., Sulfurimonas, Thiobacillus, and Thioalkalispira) were successively enhanced and dominated the microbial community, and the related functional genes displayed high relative abundances. These results imply that the PSR dosing method for calcium nitrate, characterized by flexible operation, high efficiency, low cost, and controllable processes, is appropriate for remediating black-odorous sediment in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ziyang Liang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Peiling Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiangtian Lai
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Peilun Kang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuhai Liang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Guangwei Yu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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4
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Li G, Jaisi DP, Wang M, Yan F, Zhang X, Jin Y, Zheng Z, Feng X. Zeolite facilitates sequestration of heavy metals via lagged Fe(II) oxidation during sediment aeration. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133961. [PMID: 38490148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Aeration of sediments could induce the release of endogenous heavy metals (HMs) into overlying water. In this study, experiments involving FeS oxygenation and contaminated sediment aeration were conducted to explore the sequestering role of zeolite in the released HMs during sediment aeration. The results reveal that the dynamic processes of Fe(II) oxidation play a crucial role in regulating HMs migration during both FeS oxygenation and sediment aeration in the absence of zeolite. Based on the release of HMs, Fe(II) oxidation can be delineated into two stages: stage I, where HMs (Mn2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Cu2+) are released from minerals or sediments into suspension, and stage II, released HMs are partially re-sequestered back to mineral phases or sediments due to the generation of Fe-(oxyhydr) oxide. In contrast, the addition of zeolite inhibits the increase of HMs concentration in suspension during stage I. Subsequently, the redistribution of HMs between zeolite and the newly formed Fe-(oxyhydr) oxide occurs during stage II. This redistribution of HMs generates new sorption sites in zeolite, making them available for resorbing a new load of HMs. The outcomes of this study provide potential solutions for sequestering HMs during the sediment aeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Deb P Jaisi
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Meng Wang
- Chang Jiang Water Resources Protection Institute, Wuhan 430051, China
| | - Fengling Yan
- Chang Jiang Water Resources Protection Institute, Wuhan 430051, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yaxuan Jin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xionghan Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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5
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Chang X, Duan T, Feng J, Li YX. Contrasting fate and binding behavior of Mn and Cu with dissolved organic matter during in situ remediation using multicomponent capping in malodorous black water. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 253:121288. [PMID: 38359596 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The common use of peroxides in the remediation of malodorous black water may lead to the activation of heavy metals in sediment when eliminating black and odorous substances. The mechanisms of heavy metal interactions with dissolved organic matter (DOM) in response to in situ capping have not been elucidated, but this information could guide the optimization of capping materials. We developed a capping material consisting of hydrothermally carbonized sediment (HCS), hydrated magnesium carbonate (HMC) and sodium percarbonate (SPC) and used microcosm experiments to investigate the dynamics of Mn and Cu at the sediment-water interface in malodorous black water. The results showed that HCS, HMC and SPC contributed multiple functions of mechanical protection, chemical isolation and oxygen provision to the new caps. HMC promoted the conversion of Mn/Cu into carbonate minerals. The optimal mass proportions were 25 % HCS, 60 % HMC and 15 % SPC based on the mixture design. In situ capping altered the fate and transformation of metals in the sediment-overlying water profile in the short term through Mn immobilization and Cu activation. The complexation of Cu(II) ions was significantly stronger than that of Mn(II) ions. In situ capping had a significant effect on the order of complexation of different fluorescent DOM molecules with Mn(II)/Cu(II) ions: microbial byproducts and fulvic acid-like components were preferentially complexed with Cu(II) ions after capping, while phenolic and humic acid-like components preferentially interacted with Mn(II) ions. Humic-like components bound to Cu were affected the most by capping treatment, whereas protein-like components were relatively weakly affected. Our study provides valuable knowledge on the impact of in situ capping on DOM-metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tingting Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jiashen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ying-Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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6
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Proshad R, Li J, Sun G, Zheng X, Yue H, Chen G, Zhang S, Li Z, Zhao Z. Field application of hydroxyapatite and humic acid for remediation of metal-contaminated alkaline soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:13155-13174. [PMID: 38243026 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The quality of soil is essential for ensuring the safety and quality of agricultural products. However, soils contaminated with toxic metals pose a significant threat to agricultural production and human health. Therefore, remediation of contaminated soils is an urgent task, and humic acid (HA) with hydroxyapatite (HAP) materials was applied for this study in contaminated alkaline soils to remediate Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn. Physiochemical properties, improved BCR sequential extraction, microbial community composition in soils with superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and chlorophyll content in plants were determined. Among the studied treatments, application of HAP-HA (2:1) (T7) had the most significant impact on reducing the active forms of toxic metals from soil such as Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn decreased by 18.59%, 9.12%, 11.83%, and 3.33%, respectively, but HAP and HA had a minor impact on metal accumulation in Juncao. HAP (T2) had a beneficial impact on reducing the TCleaf/root of Cd, Cu, and Zn, whereas HAP-HA (T5) showed the best performance for reducing Cd and Cu in EFleaf/soil. HAP-HA (T5 and T7) showed higher biomass (57.3%) and chlorophyll (17.9%), whereas HAP (T4) showed better performance in POD (25.8%) than T0 in Juncao. The bacterial diversity in soil was increased after applying amendments of various treatments and enhancing metal remediation. The combined application of HAP and HA effectively reduced active toxic metals in alkaline soil. HAP-HA mixtures notably improved soil health, plant growth, and microbial diversity, advocating for their use in remediating contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Proshad
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolvement and Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- CCTEG Chongqing Engineering (Group) Co., LTD., Chongqing, 400000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohuai Sun
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zheng
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Yue
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Geng Chen
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangting Zhang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Li
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuanjun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolvement and Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Jin S, Lin J, Zhan Y. Immobilization of phosphorus in water-sediment system by iron-modified attapulgite, calcite, bentonite and dolomite under feed input condition: Efficiency, mechanism, application mode effect and response of microbial communities and iron mobilization. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 247:120777. [PMID: 37897994 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Four kinds of iron-based materials, i.e., iron-modified attapulgite, calcite, bentonite and dolomite (abbreviated as Fe-ATP, Fe-CA, Fe-BT and Fe-DOL, respectively) were prepared and used to immobilize the phosphorus in the system of overlying water (O-water) and sediment under the feed input condition, and their immobilization efficiencies and mechanisms were investigated. The influence of application mode on the immobilization of phosphorus in the water-sediment system by Fe-ATP, Fe-CA, Fe-BT and Fe-DOL was researched. The effects of Fe-ATP, Fe-CA, Fe-BT and Fe-DOL on the concentration of labile iron in the water-sediment system and the microbial communities in sediment were also studied. The results showed that the Fe-ATP, Fe-CA, Fe-BT and Fe-DOL addition all can effectively immobilize the soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) and diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT)-labile phosphorus in O-water under the feed input condition, and also had the ability to inactivate the DGT-labile phosphorus in the top sediment. Although the change in the application mode from the one-time addition to the multiple addition reduced the inactivation efficiencies of SRP and DTP in O-water in the early period of application, it increased the immobilization efficiencies in the later period of application. Although Fe-ATP, Fe-CA, Fe-BT and Fe-DOL had a certain releasing risk of iron into the pore water, they had negligible risk of iron release into O-water. The addition of Fe-ATP, Fe-CA, Fe-BT or Fe-DOL reshaped the sediment bacterial community structure and can affect the microorganism-driven phosphorus cycle in the sediment. Results of this work suggest that Fe-ATP, Fe-CA, Fe-BT and Fe-DOL are promising phosphorus-inactivation materials to immobilize the phosphorus in the water-sediment system under the feed input condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Jin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jianwei Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Yanhui Zhan
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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Luukkonen T, Heponiemi A. Combination of peracetic acid dosing with diffused aeration in municipal wastewater treatment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 88:1087-1096. [PMID: 37651339 PMCID: wst_2023_262 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater aeration is an important unit operation that provides dissolved oxygen for microorganisms in wastewater treatment. In this study, the impact of peracetic acid (PAA) dosing on wastewater aeration was assessed in terms of oxygen transfer, visual observation of bubble size changes, and evolution of dissolved oxygen from PAA (and H2O2) decomposition. Oxygen transfer coefficients improved with PAA concentrations of up to 7 mg/L, which was probably due to the smaller bubbles being formed from the aeration diffuser and evolution of small bubbles from PAA (and H2O2) decomposition. At a PAA concentration higher than 7 mg/L, the accumulation of acetate molecules to the gas-liquid interface of bubbles likely began to counteract the positive impact of bubble size decrease by increasing the mass transfer resistance of oxygen from bubbles to water. Finally, a continuous bench-scale primary effluent aeration experiment demonstrated that at a continuous PAA dosing of 1 mg/L, the air input by a compressor could be decreased by 54%, while keeping the oxygen level constant at approximately 1.5 mg/L. PAA dosing could be combined, for example, with aerated grit removal to enhance the primary effluent aeration together with additional benefits of partial disinfection and odor formation prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tero Luukkonen
- Fibre and Particle Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland E-mail:
| | - Anne Heponiemi
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
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9
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Bao H, Wang J, Chen Z, Wen Q, Wu Y, Fu Q. Simultaneous passivation of heavy metals and removal of antibiotic resistance genes by calcium peroxide addition during sewage sludge composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129267. [PMID: 37271461 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This research evaluated the effects of calcium peroxide (CP) at 0% (CK, w/w), 5% (T1, w/w), and 10% (T2, w/w), on heavy metals (HMs) mobility and prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during sludge composting. T1 and T2 significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the mobility of Cu (29.34%, and 32.94%, respectively), Ni (24.07%, and 31.48%, respectively) and Zn (33.28%, and 54.11%, respectively) compared to CK after the composting. CP addition resulted in a decrease in mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and ARGs during composting. Together with structural equation model and random forest analysis depicted MGEs had a primary association with total ARGs variations during composting. Microbial analysis indicated CP downregulated the expression of the genes associated with two-component and type IV secretion system, thus reducing the prevalence of ARGs. This study demonstrates that application of CP is a feasible strategy to mitigate both ARGs and HMs hazards during composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Jiuhua Wang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Qinxue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Yiqi Wu
- Research Institute of Standards and Norms, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Beijing 100835, PR China
| | - Qiqi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
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Ouradou A, Veillette M, Bélanger Cayouette A, Corbin S, Boulanger C, Dorner S, Duchaine C, Bédard E. Effect of odor treatment systems on bioaerosol microbial concentration and diversity from wastewater treatment plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162419. [PMID: 36858219 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biofiltration, activated carbon and chemical scrubbing are technologies used for odor control in wastewater treatment plants. These systems may also influence the airborne microbial load in treated air. The study objectives were to 1) evaluate the capacity of three odor control system technologies to reduce the airborne concentration of total bacteria, Legionella, L. pneumophila, non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and Cladosporium in winter and summer seasons and 2) to describe the microbial ecology of the biofiltration system and evaluate its impact on treated air microbial diversity. A reduction of the total bacterial concentration up to 25 times was observed after odor treatment. Quantification by qPCR revealed the presence of Legionella spp. in all air samples ranging between 26 and 1140 GC/m3, while L. pneumophila was not detected except for three samples below the limit of quantification. A significant increase of up to 25-fold of Legionella spp. was noticed at the outlet of two of the three treatment systems. NTM were ubiquitously detected before air treatment (up to 2500 GC/m3) and were significantly reduced by all 3 systems (up to 13-fold). Cladosporium was measured at low concentrations for each system (< 190 GC/m3), with 68 % of the air samples below the limit of detection. Biodiversity results revealed that biofiltration system is an active process that adapts to air pollutants over time. Legionella spp. were detected in significant abundance in the air once treated in winter (up to 27 %). Nevertheless, the abundance of protozoan hosts is low and does not explain the multiplication of Legionella spp. The season remains the most influential factor shaping biodiversity. In summer only, air biofiltration caused a significant enrichment of the biodiversity. Although odor control technologies are not designed for bacterial mitigation, findings from this study suggest their potential to reduce the abundance of some genera harboring pathogenic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ouradou
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - M Veillette
- Research Center of the University Institute of Cardiology and Pneumology of Quebec-University Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - A Bélanger Cayouette
- Research Center of the University Institute of Cardiology and Pneumology of Quebec-University Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - S Corbin
- City of Repentigny, Repentigny, QC, Canada.
| | | | - S Dorner
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - C Duchaine
- Research Center of the University Institute of Cardiology and Pneumology of Quebec-University Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Canada Research Chair on Bioaerosols, University Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - E Bédard
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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11
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Lin J, Li Y, Zhan Y, Wu X. Combined amendment and capping of sediment with ferrihydrite and magnetite to control internal phosphorus release. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 235:119899. [PMID: 36989802 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This study developed novel active capping systems with recycling convenience using ferrihydrite (Fh) combined with magnetite (Mag), and investigated the effectiveness and mechanism for the restriction of endogenous phosphorus movement from sediment into overlying water (OW) by the combined use of Fh and Mag. The Fh/Mag combined amendment effectively hindered endogenous phosphorus release from sediment to OW in dissolved oxygen (DO)-deficit environment, and the immobilization of diffusion gradient in thin film-labile phosphorus (LPDGT) and mobile phosphorus in the sediment played a key role in the control of endogenous phosphorus liberation by the Fh/Mag combined amendment. Combined capping sediment with Fh and Mag effectively hindered endogenous phosphorus release from sediment to OW in anoxic environment, and the inactivation of LPDGT in the upper sediment played a key part in the control of sediment phosphorus release by the Fh/Mag mixture capping. The stability of phosphorus immobilized by the Fh/Mag combined covering layer was related to its construction way, and the majority (around 90%) of P immobilized to the Fh/Mag mixture covering layer had low risk of release in common pH (5-9) and DO-deficit environments. The Fh/Mag mixture amendment or capping did not increase the risk of sediment iron release, and it also did not produce a large impact on the diversity and richness of bacterial community in the sediment. The combined utilization of Fh and Mag as a composite amendment or capping material to prevent the internal phosphorus from being moved to OW can make full use of their respective advantages. The Fh/Mag mixture capping wrapped by permeable fabric has high potential to reduce the risk of endogenous phosphorus from sediment into OW due to its advantages of high internal phosphorus release suppression efficiency, environmental friendliness, application convenience and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Yan Li
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yanhui Zhan
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xugan Wu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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12
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Yan Y, Du M, Jing L, Zhang X, Li Q, Yang J. Green synthesized hydroxyapatite for efficient immobilization of cadmium in weakly alkaline environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 223:115445. [PMID: 36758915 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of cost-effective passivators for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils has been a research hotspot and an unsolved challenge. Herein, a novel hydroxyapatite (GSCH) was synthesized by co-precipitating distiller effluent-derived Ca with (NH4)2HPO4 using straw-derived dissolved organic matter (S-DOM) as the dispersant. Batch adsorption experiments and soil incubation tests were performed to assess the immobilization efficiency of GSCH for Cd in weakly alkaline environments. As a result, GSCH showed an excellent adsorption efficiency to Cd with a maximum adsorption amount of ∼222 mg g-1, which was fairly competitive compared to other similar previously materials reported. The kinetic data indicated that the adsorption of Cd on GSCH was a chemical and irreversible process, while the thermodynamic data revealed a spontaneous (ΔG° < 0) and endothermic (ΔH° > 0) adsorption process. Based on mechanism analysis, both physisorption (e.g., electrostatic attraction and pore filling) and chemisorption (e.g., ion exchange and complexation) were responsible for Cd adsorption on GSCH. Particularly, the incorporated S-DOM and hydroxyapatite phase in GSCH acted synergistically in the adsorption process. The incubation results showed that GSCH application could significantly reduce the bioavailability, phytoavailability and bioaccessibility of Cd in soil by 48.4%-57.8%, 20.4%-28.6% and 12.6%-24.0%, respectively. Moreover, GSCH application also improved soil bacterial communities and enhanced soil nutrient availability. Overall, this is the first study to demonstrate the potential application value of GSCH in Cd immobilization, providing promising insights into the development of green and cost-effective hydroxyapatite-based passivators for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Yan
- Institute of Environmental and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Meng Du
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Liquan Jing
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Institute of Environmental and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China.
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Wang F, Dong W, Zhao Z, Wang H, Li W, Zhang L, Ouyang H, Huang X, Li J. Mechanistic insights into Fe(II)-citric acid complex catalyzed CaO 2 Fenton-like process for enhanced benzo[a]pyrene removal from black-odor sediment at circumneutral pH. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119233. [PMID: 36244144 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are found ubiquitously in contaminated aquatic sediments. They are difficult to degrade, particularly the high-molecular-weight PAHs (e.g., benzo[a]pyrene, BaP). In this study, CaO2 assisted with ferrous ion (Fe(II))-citric acid (CA) was applied for the first time in BaP degradation in aquatic sediment. Among the treatment processes we studied, CaO2/Fe(Ⅱ)/CA could effectively degrade BaP at circumneutral pH (7.0 ± 0.3), reaching a maximum of nearly 80% under optimal conditions (0.84 mM CaO2, 0.21 mM Fe(Ⅱ), and 0.35 mM CA in per gram of dry sediment). Contrary to some external environmental factors such as temperature, common metal ions, and natural organic matters, a certain amount of moisture content and inorganic anions (Cl-, SO42-) exhibited a positive effect on BaP degradation, which can probably be contributed to the improved mass transfer rate in the non-homogeneous sediment-water mixture and a higher level of free radicals. The degradation kinetic dominated by hydroxyl radicals included three main stages contribution ∼29.4%, ∼43.1%, and ∼2.4% to BaP degradation, respectively. Based on the theoretical calculations of density functional theory, a pathway for BaP degradation was proposed. For the treatment of actual contaminated sediment, the CaO2/Fe(II)/CA process could realize the elimination of black-odor and effective removal of PAHs from the sediment, as well as negligible ecotoxicity on benthic organisms. This study provides a reference and guidance for the use of CaO2 based Fenton-like systems in treating PAH-contaminated black-odor river sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Wenyi Dong
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Hongjie Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Wenting Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Shenzhen Wanmu Water Services Co., Shenzhen 518000, PR China
| | - Heng Ouyang
- Water Authority of Baoan District, Shenzhen 518133, PR China
| | - Xiao Huang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China
| | - Ji Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
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14
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Geng Y, Peng C, Zhou W, Huang S, Zhou P, Wang Z, Qin H, Li D. Gradient rise in seepage pollution levels in tailings ponds shapes closer linkages between phytoplankton and bacteria. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 437:129432. [PMID: 35753300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A large number of tailings ponds formed by slag accumulation have become serious environmental hazards. Spatially high potential energy and long-term accumulation may result in gradient-changing seepage pollution. The assemblages of phytoplankton and bacteria are widely used as assessment indicators. In this study, we investigate the changes in phytoplankton and bacterial assemblages in tailing pollution. The results showed that there are temporal and spatial variabilities in seepage pollution. The abundance and diversity of phytoplankton and bacteria decreased with increasing pollution. However, Synedra acus (diatom) and Polynucleobacter (bacteria) were positively correlated with pollution levels (r = 0.37, P < 0.05; r = 0.24, P < 0.05). Heavy metals are the main contributors to bacterial changes (16.46%), while nutrients are for algae (13.24%). Tailings pond pollution reduced the number of phytoplankton and bacterial linkages. However, more pollution broke the originally independent modules of phytoplankton and bacteria, and they produced more positive correlations (79.39%; 87.68%). Microcystis sp. and Limnobacter were the key nodes of the co-occurrence network in the polluted areas. Exploring the interactions between bacteria and phytoplankton within different pollution levels could provide insights into biological interaction patterns and the bioremediation of tailings ponds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Geng
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chengrong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Weicheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Panpan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhicong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hongjie Qin
- Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Lab of Comprehensive Innovative Utilization of Ornamental Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dunhai Li
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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15
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Dong Z, Wang Y, Fu J, Liu X, Pei Y, Chen Z. Benthic ecological restoration under the combined action of slow-release oxygen material and benthic organisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134658. [PMID: 35483661 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen level is key benthic ecosystem health. In this study, a new kind of slow-release oxygen material (SROM) was developed and evaluated in a simulation experiment. The effects of SROM dose and dosing method on the pH and DO, the release of nitrogen and phosphorus, and greenhouse gas emissions were studied. The restoration of typical benthic species (Ceratophyllum represented submerged plants and Cipangopaludina cahayensis represented benthic animals) was also evaluated based on the analysis of catalase and peroxidase activities, survival rate, and biomass. The result shows that dosing SROM on mud surfaces had a better effect than dosing in mud. When dosing SROM on the surface of mud at a suitable dose, the DO of water increased from 0.5 mg/L to higher than 4 mg/L, and the pH was below 9, which would be suitable for the survival of benthos. Dosing SROM could also cause the concentrations of nutrient elements (NH4+-N, TN, TP, and PO43-) in overlying water and the emission flux of CH4 and CO2 to decrease. In addition, the growth of Ceratophyllum and Cipangopaludina cahayensis was accelerated, which benefited the restoration of benthic ecosystems. For microbial community structure, various of bacteria for nitrogen and the phosphorus cycle were found in the sediment (including aerobic denitrifying bacteria). Dosing SROM could increase the Simpson index of the bacterial community, means an increase in bacterial diversity. The results show that the dosing of SROM could be an effective method in the early stage of benthic habitat restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
| | - Jun Fu
- Sino-Japan Friendship Certre for Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Xianjing Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Yuansheng Pei
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Zehao Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
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