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Wu B, Lan X, Gao M, Wei W, Wang Y, Yang Y, Yu Z, Huang M, Wu Q. Elucidation of the molecular mechanism of type 2 diabetes mellitus affecting the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis using bioinformatics and network pharmacology: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39731. [PMID: 39287256 PMCID: PMC11404948 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that patients with diabetes are at increased risk of developing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but the underlying mechanisms that affect the progression of NASH remain unclear. In this study, we used bioinformatics and network pharmacology methods to explore the differentially expressed genes of NASH and the related genes of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and a total of 46 common targets were obtained. Gene ontology showed that the common targets were mainly involved in biological processes such as glucocorticoid, hormone, and bacterium responses. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis signal pathways were mainly in colorectal cancer, amphetamine addition, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway, and the toll-like receptor signaling pathway. The protein-protein interaction network identified 8 hub genes, and the co-expression network was analyzed to obtain 7 related functions and mutual proportions of hub genes. A total of 120 transcription factors were predicted for hub genes. Hub genes were closely related to immune cells, including neutropils and eosinophils. In addition, we identified 15 potential candidate drugs based on hub genes that are promising for the treatment of NASH. Type 2 diabetes mellitus can affect the progression of NASH by changing hormone levels and inflammatory responses through multiple targets and signaling pathways. Eight hub genes are expected to be potential targets for subsequent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohong Lan
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuekun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyang Yu
- The fourth was assigned to the outpatient department, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinyan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Wei S, Wang L, Evans PC, Xu S. NAFLD and NASH: etiology, targets and emerging therapies. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103910. [PMID: 38301798 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) pose a significant threat to human health and cause a tremendous socioeconomic burden. Currently, the molecular mechanisms of NAFLD and NASH remain incompletely understood, and no effective pharmacotherapies have been approved. In the past five years, significant advances have been achieved in our understanding of the pathomechanisms and potential pharmacotherapies of NAFLD and NASH. Research advances include the investigation of the effects of the fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) analog pegozafermin and the thyroid hormone receptor-β (THRβ) agonist resmetriom on hepatic fat content, NASH resolution and/or fibrosis regression. Future directions of NAFLD and NASH research (including combination therapy, organoids and humanized mouse models) are also discussed in this state-of-the-art review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul C Evans
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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