1
|
Paraskevopoulos E, Plakoutsis G, Papandreou M. A Pilot Test of the Measures of the Greek Version of Upper Extremity Functional Index in Patients with Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy. Med Sci (Basel) 2023; 11:45. [PMID: 37489461 PMCID: PMC10366735 DOI: 10.3390/medsci11030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET) is a common upper limb pathology in people involved in manual occupations. The upper extremity functional index (UEFI) was specifically designed to evaluate functional limitations in patients with upper limb pathology. The UEFI was developed in English and has been translated into several languages, including Greek. However, it has been assessed only in patients with shoulder pathology. Thus, the aim of this study was to pilot-test the Greek version of the UEFI (GV-UEFI) questionnaire and assess its measurement properties in patients with LET. Thirty patients with LET were recruited and asked to fill in the GV-UEFI twice and the disabilities of arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire (DASH) once. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were examined using Cronbach's alpha and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The standard error of measurement (SEM) and the minimum detectable change (MDC) were calculated and possible ground or ceiling effects were also examined. Convergent validity was evaluated with the Greek DASH using Pearson's correlation. Lastly, the unidimensionality of the scale was examined through principal component analysis to verify construct validity. Internal consistency was high for the GV-UEFI (Cronbach's a = 0.98) and test-retest reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.98). The SEM was 2.95 and the MDC was 6.85. Test-retest reliability of each item was good (ICC > 0.87). The correlation analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between the GV-UEFI and the DASH. No floor or ceiling effects were found. Principal component analysis verified the construct validity and the unidimensionality of the scale. The GV-UEFI was successfully tested in patients with LET. It seems that the GV-UEFI can be used reliably in Greek-speaking patients with LET. However, the measurement properties of this scale should be examined in a larger sample of LET patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Paraskevopoulos
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Peloponnese, 23100 Sparta, Greece
| | - George Plakoutsis
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Papandreou
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lucado AM, Day JM, Vincent JI, MacDermid JC, Fedorczyk J, Grewal R, Martin RL. Lateral Elbow Pain and Muscle Function Impairments. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022; 52:CPG1-CPG111. [PMID: 36453071 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2022.0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Although often described as a self-limiting condition and likely to resolve on its own, high recurrence rates and extended sick leave frame a need for effective non-surgical treatment for people with lateral elbow tendinopathy. The interrelationship of histological and structural changes to the tendon, the associated impairments in motor control, and potential changes in pain processing may all drive symptoms. This clinical practice guideline covers the epidemiology, functional anatomy and pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical course, prognosis, differential diagnosis, tests and measures, and interventions for managing lateral elbow tendinopathy in the physical therapy clinic. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(12):CPG1-CPG111. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.0302.
Collapse
|
3
|
Jafarian FS, Barati H, Sadeghi-Demneh E. The Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation Questionnaire was successfully translated to Persian. J Hand Ther 2021; 34:127-130. [PMID: 32156573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) is designed to evaluate pain and disability in subjects with lateral elbow tendinopathy. This questionnaire is available in Swedish, Italian, and some other languages. A Persian language version of the questionnaire is needed for both research and clinical purposes. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the PRTEE questionnaire into the Persian language and to determine its validity and reliability. METHODS The PRTEE was translated and culturally adapted from English into Persian (PRTEE-P) according to the established guidelines. The PRTEE-P was completed by 68 Iranian subjects (44 women, 24 men) diagnosed with chronic lateral elbow tendinopathy. To assess test-retest reliability, all subjects filled out the PRTEE-P on a second admission within one week. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha were measured to report reliability. The validity was determined by correlating the PRTEE-P questionnaire with the Persian version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire. RESULTS The Persian version of the PRTEE showed a high internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.99, demonstrating good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.99). It was well correlated with Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (r = 0.80). CONCLUSION The PRTEE-P is a reliable and valid tool designed for measuring pain and disability in subjects with lateral elbow tendinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassan Barati
- Student Research Committee, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shafiee E, MacDermid JC, Walton D, Vincent JI, Grewal R. Psychometric properties and cross-cultural adaptation of the Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE); a systematic review and meta-analysis. Disabil Rehabil 2021; 44:5402-5417. [PMID: 34196231 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1938248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To synthesize and appraise the evidence on the translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and psychometric properties of the Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE). METHOD Five electronic databases were searched from 1999 to 2021. Two independent reviewers assessed the risk of bias and quality of the included studies using the COSMIN recommended guidelines. The overall quality of the evidence on each psychometric property was provided using the GRADE approach. RESULTS Twenty-one studies met the criteria for inclusion in this review. The PRTEE was translated and cross-culturally adapted to 13 languages and cultures. High quality of evidence supports sufficient pooled results for test-retest reliability (0.96(CI: 0.94-0.97)), construct validity (against Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH): 0.81(CI: 0.76-0.85), against Visual Analogue Scale (VAS): 0.70 (0.62-0.74)), and responsiveness of the PRTEE. The overall rating of the structural validity and internal consistency (0.96(CI: 0.94-0.97)) was indeterminate, and the quality of evidence was low and moderate, respectively. Regarding measurement error, the overall rating of the summarized results (Standard error of measurement (SEM): 3.1 (1.8 to 4.4) and Minimal Detectable Change (MDC95): 8.9 (5.3-12.5)) was sufficient, and the quality of evidence was moderate. CONCLUSION Moderate to high quality evidence supports adequate psychometric properties of the PRTEE in terms of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, measurement error, hypothesis testing for construct validity, and responsiveness.Implications for RehabilitationThe PRTEE can measure the construct of pain and disability at a single time-point and detect changes over time precisely.The PRTEE can be used in clinical setting for patients with acute, subacute, and chronic Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy (LET), athletes who suffer from elbow pain and tennis players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Shafiee
- School of Physical Therapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Joy C MacDermid
- School of Physical Therapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Co-director Clinical Research Lab, Hand and Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph's Health Centre, London, Canada.,School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - David Walton
- School of Physical Therapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Joshua I Vincent
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Clinical Expert, Workers Safety Insurance Board, Toronto, Canada.,Roth-MacFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Ruby Grewal
- Roth-MacFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Koh KH, Lee KW, Cho JH, Park D, Yeom JW, Lee HI. The patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation questionnaire was successfully translated to Korean. J Hand Ther 2021; 35:641-644. [PMID: 34253401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lateral epicondylitis is a common tendinopathy of the elbow. An adequately validated questionnaire is essential to compare the various treatment options, because there is still controversy regarding the best treatment for lateral epicondylitis. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation (PRTEE) was introduced to measure the degree of symptoms and the limitation of function in these patients. This English questionnaire was previously translated into several languages and validated; however, it has not been translated into Korean. The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the PRTEE questionnaire into Korean, and to assess the reliability and validity of the translated questionnaire. METHODS Eighty-three patients were asked to complete the Korean version of the PRTEE and other questionnaires related to the upper extremity or to the general health condition (the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire, Short Form-12, and EQ-5D). The PRTEE responses were recorded twice to evaluate test-retest reliability. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and ceiling and flooring effects were evaluated. RESULTS The Korean version of the PRTEE showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.968). The overall test-retest reliability was good (intra-class correlation score = 0.94). High correlation efficiencies between the PRTEE and other questionnaires were observed, supporting high concurrent validity (Spearman's correlation = 0.83 for the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire; -0.73 for Short Form-12; and -0.57 for EQ-5D). Ceiling and floor effects were not observed on this test. CONCLUSION We successfully translated the PRTEE into the Korean language; this version of the PRTEE showed good reliability and construct validity in Korean-speaking patients with lateral epicondylitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Hwan Koh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Cho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjun Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woong Yeom
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Il Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Traumatic stress as a mediator of quality of life and burden in informal caregivers of amputees due to diabetic foot: a longitudinal study. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY REPORT 2021. [DOI: 10.5114/hpr.2020.101495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
7
|
Gallego-Izquierdo T, Ruiz-Vindel J, Ferragut-Garcías A, Martínez-Merinero P, Montañez-Aguilera FJ, Noriega-Matanza C, Achalandabaso-Ochoa A, Pecos-Martín D. Adaptation and transcultural translation into Spanish of the Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation Questionnaire. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:2601-2607. [PMID: 32761913 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to perform the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation Questionnaire to Spanish language and evaluate its reliability and validity. The translation and cultural adaptation into Spanish was done in accordance with the published guidelines. One-hundred fifty Spanish-speaking patients with unilateral chronic lateral epicondylalgia competed the questionnaire. Test-retest reliability was established by the intraclass correlation coefficient. Internal consistency was established with Cronbach's α. To establish convergent validity, we used the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire using the Spearman's correlation coefficient. Error estimation in the measurements was calculated with the standard error of measurement. Our results showed a high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .96) and high test-retest reliability (intraclass coefficient = .9; .89-.94; P < .001). The Spearman's correlation coefficient (r = .765; P < .001) showed a good relationship between the Spanish version of the Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation Questionnaire and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire. The standard error of measurement (11.9%) showed little variability of measurements. In conclusion, the Spanish version of the Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation Questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool that can be used to assess lateral epicondylalgia in Spanish-speaking individuals in order to implement the best treatment and reduce time with pain and disability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Gallego-Izquierdo
- Department of Physical Therapy and Nursing, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.,Physiotherapy and Pain Research Center, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá, Spain
| | - Juan Ruiz-Vindel
- Physiotherapy and Pain Research Center, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá, Spain
| | | | - Patricia Martínez-Merinero
- Physiotherapy and Pain Research Center, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá, Spain.,Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health, Exercise and Sport, European University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Pecos-Martín
- Physiotherapy and Pain Research Center, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá, Spain.,Department of Physical Therapy and Nursing, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Marks M, Rickenbacher D, Audigé L, Glanzmann MC. Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE). ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ORTHOPADIE UND UNFALLCHIRURGIE 2020; 159:391-396. [PMID: 32207123 DOI: 10.1055/a-1107-3313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation questionnaire (PRTEE) is a specific questionnaire available for assessing the health status of patients with lateral epicondylitis. An official German translation does not yet exist. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the English version of the PRTEE into German. MATERIAL AND METHODS The translation and cross-cultural adaptation was completed by an expert committee comprising people of varying professional and linguistic backgrounds. According to international guidelines, the English original was first translated into German, then back-translated and the final version was pre-tested on patients. RESULTS No major difficulties were encountered during the translation process and smaller linguistic discrepancies could be resolved in the expert committee. For the pre-validation testing, 11 patients with extensor repair due to persistent lateral epicondylitis were included. They rated the questionnaire as easy to understand and complete. The final version was approved by the developers of the original questionnaire as the official German translation. CONCLUSIONS Although the measurement properties of the German version were not evaluated in this study, the original shows good reliability, validity and responsiveness. In summary, the PRTEE is a questionnaire quick and easy to complete for patients with lateral epicondylitis. Therefore, it is suitable for the clinical routine assessment of subjective health status or the outcome after an intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Marks
- Teaching, Research and Development, Schulthess Klinik, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Laurent Audigé
- Teaching, Research and Development, Schulthess Klinik, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shafiee E, Farzad M, Macdermid J, Smaeel Beygi A, Vafaei A, Farhoud A. Cross-cultural adaptation and measurement properties of the Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation for the Persian language. HAND THERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1758998320910177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) questionnaire is a tool designed for self-assessment of forearm pain and disability in patients with tennis elbow. The aims of this study were to translate and cross-culturally adapt the PRTEE questionnaire into Persian and evaluate its reliability and construct validity. Methods The PRTEE questionnaire was translated into and cross-culturally adapted to Persian in 90 consecutive patients with tennis elbow, according to well-established guidelines. Reliability was tested by means of test–retest and internal consistency. The measurement error was measured by calculating the standard error of measurement. Based on the standard error of measurement, the minimum detectable change was calculated. To evaluate construct and convergent validity, correlation with the PRTEE with the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire and Visual analogue scale was used. Results In the process of cross-cultural adaptation, two items (6 and 8) were modified. In item 6, the term “door knob” was changed to “turn a key”, and in the item 8, “cup of coffee” was changed to “cup of milk”. Item-total correlations were greater than 0.55 (ranged from 0.55 to 0.76), internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s alpha, 0.94) and a high intraclass correlation coefficient (0.98) indicated excellent reliability of the P-PRTEE. The standard error of measurement and minimum detectable change were 5.40 and 14.24, respectively. The Persian version of the PRTEE questionnaire (P-PRTEE) shows strong construct and convergent validity ( r values = 0.85, p < 0.05). Conclusions The P-PRTEE is valid and reliable in assessing disability and pain in Persian patients with tennis elbow. The excellent psychometric properties of the P-PRTEE endorse the use of this questionnaire in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Shafiee
- Physical Therapy and Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario
- Occupational therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Farzad
- Physical Therapy and Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario
- Clinical Research Lab, Hand and Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph’s Health Centre, London, Ontario
- Occupational therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Joy Macdermid
- Physical Therapy and Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario
- Clinical Research Lab, Hand and Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph’s Health Centre, London, Ontario
- Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario
| | - Amirreza Smaeel Beygi
- Occupational therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Vafaei
- Occupational therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Farhoud
- Imam Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Joint Reconstruction Center, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Aydın A, Atiç R. Comparison of extracorporeal shock-wave therapy and wrist-extensor splint application in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis: a prospective randomized controlled study. J Pain Res 2018; 11:1459-1467. [PMID: 30122976 PMCID: PMC6080668 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s166679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Extracorporeal shock-wave therapy (ESWT) and wrist-extensor splints (WESs) are two commonly used methods in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis. In this study, the efficacy of these two methods was compared. Methods The study was planned as a prospective randomized controlled study. A total of 67 patients were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 received ESWT (32 patients) and group 2 received WES (35 patients). Patients in group 1 underwent four sessions of ESWT once every week. In each session, an ESWT device at 10–12 Hz, 2,000 pulses, and 1.6–1.8 bar pressure was used. Patients in group 2 used a wrist splint, holding the wrist at 30°–45° extension for 4 weeks. Patients were assessed for handgrip strength, pain at rest, pain while working, and quality of life. Data were collected before and after treatment (at weeks 4, 12, and 24). A visual analog scale was used to evaluate pain at rest and while working, a hand dynamometer for handgrip strength, subscales of the SF36 Health Survey to evaluate quality of life, and the Turkish version of the patient-rated tennis-elbow evaluation was used to evaluate functioning of the affected arm during various daily life activities. Results In both ESWT and WES groups, although there were considerably significant improvements (P<0.001) in the parameters evaluated (pain at rest and while working, handgrip strength, Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation, Nirschl score, and SF36 subscales) were observed at 4, 12, and 24 weeks compared to pretreatment values, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of our evaluation parameters at the three time points (P>0.05). Conclusion Both ESWT and WES applications were found to yield significantly superior results when compared to pretreatment values. In comparison of the two groups, on the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkadir Aydın
- Prosthetics and Orthotics Department, Dicle University Medical School, Diyarbakir, Turkey,
| | - Ramazan Atiç
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Dicle University Medical School, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
French translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire and the Brief Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire. HAND SURGERY & REHABILITATION 2018; 37:86-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hansur.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|