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Hida T, Idogawa M, Ishikawa A, Okura M, Sasaki S, Tokino T, Uhara H. A case of familial progressive hyperpigmentation with or without hypopigmentation presenting with hypopigmented striae along the lines of Blaschko. J Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 39269165 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Familial progressive hyperpigmentation with or without hypopigmentation (FPHH) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by widespread skin hyperpigmentation, café-au-lait spots, and hypopigmented circular macules, resulting from KITLG variants. KITLG, expressed by keratinocytes, binds to KIT on melanocytes, stimulating melanogenesis. Disturbances in the KITLG-KIT interaction result in diffuse hyperpigmentation in FPHH. However, the mechanisms behind hypopigmented macule formation remain unclear. This report presents a unique FPHH case in a patient with a novel KITLG mutation (Ser78Leu). Notably, the patient showed multiple hypopigmented macules and striae along the lines of Blaschko. Digital polymerase chain reaction analysis of the DNA from skin and blood tissues indicated a copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity at the KITLG locus, only in the hypopigmented macule. These findings suggest that the hypopigmented macules might result from revertant mosaicism. Conversely, café-au-lait spots do not follow the lines of Blaschko and can superimpose on the hypopigmented striae, indicating a distinct pathogenesis. This case contributes to the understanding of the genetic mechanisms in FPHH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokimasa Hida
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masashi Idogawa
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Aki Ishikawa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masae Okura
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoru Sasaki
- Center for Vascular Anomalies, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tonan Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Tokino
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Uhara
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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2
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Sevilla A, Grichnik J. Therapeutic modulation of KIT ligand in melanocytic disorders with implications for mast cell diseases. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15091. [PMID: 38711220 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
KIT ligand and its associated receptor KIT serve as a master regulatory system for both melanocytes and mast cells controlling survival, migration, proliferation and activation. Blockade of this pathway results in cell depletion, while overactivation leads to mastocytosis or melanoma. Expression defects are associated with pigmentary and mast cell disorders. KIT ligand regulation is complex but efficient targeting of this system would be of significant benefit to those suffering from melanocytic or mast cell disorders. Herein, we review the known associations of this pathway with cutaneous diseases and the regulators of this system both in skin and in the more well-studied germ cell system. Exogenous agents modulating this pathway will also be presented. Ultimately, we will review potential therapeutic opportunities to help our patients with melanocytic and mast cell disease processes potentially including vitiligo, hair greying, melasma, urticaria, mastocytosis and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Sevilla
- Department of Dermatology, New York Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lakeland Regional Health, Lakeland, Florida, USA
| | - James Grichnik
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
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3
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Wang Y, Chen L, Wang J, Bian Y, Li Q. Reflectance confocal microscopy-assisted diagnosis of lichen planus pigmentosus distributed along multiple unilateral Blaschko's lines in a child: A case report. Australas J Dermatol 2023; 64:e160-e161. [PMID: 36716215 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A boy with a 2-year history of asymptomatic, linear pigmented macules involving the right side of the trunk and right upper limb. RCM revealed the dermal papillary rings were destroyed, and numerous irregular particulate structures with high refractive values were distributed in the superficial dermis. The RCM features implied the possibility of interface dermatitis. RCM was a complementary diagnostic tool for linear pigmented macules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yawei Bian
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinfeng Li
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
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4
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Martínez-Hernández A, Martínez-Anaya D, Durán-McKinster C, Del Castillo-Ruiz V, Navarrete-Meneses P, Córdova EJ, Villegas-Torres BE, Ruiz-Herrera A, Juárez-Velázquez R, Yokoyama-Rebollar E, Cervantes-Barragán D, Pedraza-Meléndez A, Orozco L, Pérez-Vera P, Salas-Labadía C. Pigmentary mosaicism as a recurrent clinical manifestation in three new patients with mosaic trisomy 12 diagnosed postnatally: cases report and literature review. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:224. [PMCID: PMC9620619 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To date, only twenty-one cases diagnosed postnatally with mosaic trisomy 12 have been reported. The most frequent phenotypic manifestations are developmental delay, dysmorphic facial features, congenital heart defects, digital alterations, and pigmentary disorders. In the present report, detailed clinical and genetic profiles of three unrelated new patients with mosaic trisomy 12 are described and compared with previously reported cases. Case presentation In the present report, we include the clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular description of three Mexican patients diagnosed postnatally with mosaic trisomy 12. At phenotypic level, the three patients present with developmental delay, dysmorphic facial features, congenital heart defects and skin pigmentary anomalies. Particularly, patient 1 showed unique eye alterations as bilateral distichiasis, triple rows of upper lashes, and digital abnormalities. In patient 2 redundant skin, severe hearing loss, and hypotonia were observed, and patient 3 presented with hypertelorism and telecanthus. Hyperpigmentation with disseminated pigmentary anomalies is a common trait in all of them. The cytogenetic study was carried out under the strict criteria of analysis, screening 50–100 metaphases from three different tissues, showing trisomy 12 mosaicism in at least one of the three different tissues analyzed. With SNParray, the presence of low-level mosaic copy number variants not previously detected by cytogenetics, and uniparental disomy of chromosome 12, was excluded. STR markers allowed to confirm the absence of uniparental disomy as well as to know the parental origin of supernumerary chromosome 12. Conclusions The detailed clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular description of these three new patients, contributes with relevant information to delineate more accurately a group of patients that show a heterogeneous phenotype, although sharing the same chromosomal alteration. The possibility of detecting mosaic trisomy 12 is directly associated with the sensitivity of the methodology applied to reveal the low-level chromosomal mosaicism, as well as with the possibility to perform the analysis in a suitable tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Martínez-Hernández
- grid.452651.10000 0004 0627 7633Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica SS, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - D. Martínez-Anaya
- grid.419216.90000 0004 1773 4473Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de Mexico, 04530 México
| | - C. Durán-McKinster
- grid.419216.90000 0004 1773 4473Departamento de Dermatología, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - V. Del Castillo-Ruiz
- grid.419216.90000 0004 1773 4473Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - P. Navarrete-Meneses
- grid.419216.90000 0004 1773 4473Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de Mexico, 04530 México
| | - E. J. Córdova
- grid.452651.10000 0004 0627 7633Consorcio de Oncogenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica SS, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - B. E. Villegas-Torres
- grid.452651.10000 0004 0627 7633Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica SS, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - A. Ruiz-Herrera
- grid.414465.6Hospital de Especialidades Pediátrico de León, León, Guanajuato, México
| | - R. Juárez-Velázquez
- grid.419216.90000 0004 1773 4473Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de Mexico, 04530 México
| | - E. Yokoyama-Rebollar
- grid.419216.90000 0004 1773 4473Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - D. Cervantes-Barragán
- grid.502779.e0000 0004 0633 6373Hospital Central Sur de Alta Especialidad, PEMEX, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - A. Pedraza-Meléndez
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - L. Orozco
- grid.452651.10000 0004 0627 7633Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica SS, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - P. Pérez-Vera
- grid.419216.90000 0004 1773 4473Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de Mexico, 04530 México
| | - C. Salas-Labadía
- grid.419216.90000 0004 1773 4473Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de Mexico, 04530 México
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Clinical spectrum of MTOR-related hypomelanosis of Ito with neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Genet Med 2021; 23:1484-1491. [PMID: 33833411 PMCID: PMC8354853 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hypomelanosis of Ito (HI) is a skin marker of somatic mosaicism.
Mosaic MTOR pathogenic variants have been
reported in HI with brain overgrowth. We sought to delineate further the
pigmentary skin phenotype and clinical spectrum of neurodevelopmental
manifestations of MTOR-related HI. Methods From two cohorts totaling 71 patients with pigmentary mosaicism, we
identified 14 patients with Blaschko-linear and one with flag-like pigmentation
abnormalities, psychomotor impairment or seizures, and a postzygotic MTOR variant in skin. Patient records, including
brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) were reviewed. Immunostaining (n = 3) for melanocyte markers and
ultrastructural studies (n = 2) were performed on skin biopsies. Results MTOR variants were present in
skin, but absent from blood in half of cases. In a patient (p.[Glu2419Lys]
variant), phosphorylation of p70S6K was constitutively increased. In
hypopigmented skin of two patients, we found a decrease in stage 4 melanosomes
in melanocytes and keratinocytes. Most patients (80%) had macrocephaly or
(hemi)megalencephaly on MRI. Conclusion MTOR-related HI is a recognizable
neurocutaneous phenotype of patterned dyspigmentation, epilepsy, intellectual
deficiency, and brain overgrowth, and a distinct subtype of hypomelanosis
related to somatic mosaicism. Hypopigmentation may be due to a defect in
melanogenesis, through mTORC1 activation, similar to hypochromic patches in
tuberous sclerosis complex. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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7
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Wang J, Li W, Zhou N, Liu J, Zhang S, Li X, Li Z, Yang Z, Sun M, Li M. Identification of a novel mutation in the KITLG gene in a Chinese family with familial progressive hyper- and hypopigmentation. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:12. [PMID: 33407466 PMCID: PMC7789533 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00851-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial progressive hyper- and hypopigmentation (FPHH, MIM 145250) is a rare hereditary skin disorder that is predominantly characterized by progressive, diffuse, partly blotchy hyperpigmented lesions intermingled with scattered hypopigmented spots, lentigines and sometimes Cafe-au-lait spots (CALs). Heterozygous mutations of the KIT ligand (KITLG, MIM 184745) gene are responsible for FPHH. To date, only eight KITLG mutations have been reported to be associated with FPHH, and no clear genotype-phenotype correlations have been established. This study aimed to identify the causative mutations in the KITLG gene in two Chinese FPHH patients. METHODS Direct sequencing of the coding regions of KITLG was performed. Pathogenicity prediction was performed using bioinformatics tools, including SIFT, Polyphen2, and SWISS-MODEL, and the results were further evaluated according to the 2015 American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines. RESULTS The novel mutation c.104A > T (p.Asn35Ile) and the recurrent mutation c.101C > T (p.Thr34Ile) in KITLG were identified. As shown using SIFT and Polyphen-2 software, both mutations identified in this study were predicted to be detrimental variations. Three-dimensional protein structure modeling indicated that the mutant KITLG proteins might affect the affinity of KITLG for its receptor, c-KIT. According to the 2015 ACMG guidelines, the novel mutation c.104A > T was 'likely pathogenic'. CONCLUSIONS To date, most of the identified KITLG mutations have been clustered within the conserved VTNNV motif (amino acids 33-37) in exon 2. The known mutations are only involved in 33 V, 34 T, 36 N, and 37 V but not 35 N. We have now identified a novel mutation in KITLG, c.104A > T, that was first reported in FPHH within the conserved 35 N motif. These results strengthen our understanding of FPHH and expand the mutational spectrum of the KITLG gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Weisheng Li
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Naihui Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingliu Liu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shoumin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Xueli Li
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Zhenlu Li
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Ziliang Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Min Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, China.
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8
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Bruel A, Vitobello A, Tran Mau‐Them F, Nambot S, Sorlin A, Denommé‐Pichon A, Delanne J, Moutton S, Callier P, Duffourd Y, Philippe C, Faivre L, Thauvin‐Robinet C. Next‐generation
sequencing approaches and challenges in the diagnosis of developmental anomalies and intellectual disability. Clin Genet 2020; 98:433-444. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ange‐Line Bruel
- Inserm UMR1231 GAD Université Bourgogne‐Franche Comté Dijon France
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares FHU‐TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne Dijon France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Déficiences Intellectuelles de causes rares, Centre de Génétique, FHU‐TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne Dijon France
| | - Antonio Vitobello
- Inserm UMR1231 GAD Université Bourgogne‐Franche Comté Dijon France
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares FHU‐TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne Dijon France
| | - Frédéric Tran Mau‐Them
- Inserm UMR1231 GAD Université Bourgogne‐Franche Comté Dijon France
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares FHU‐TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne Dijon France
| | - Sophie Nambot
- Inserm UMR1231 GAD Université Bourgogne‐Franche Comté Dijon France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement et syndromes malformatifs, Centre de Génétique, FHU‐TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne Dijon France
| | - Arthur Sorlin
- Inserm UMR1231 GAD Université Bourgogne‐Franche Comté Dijon France
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares FHU‐TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne Dijon France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement et syndromes malformatifs, Centre de Génétique, FHU‐TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne Dijon France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Maladies dermatologiques en mosaïque Service de dermatologie, CHU Dijon Bourgogne Dijon France
| | - Anne‐Sophie Denommé‐Pichon
- Inserm UMR1231 GAD Université Bourgogne‐Franche Comté Dijon France
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares FHU‐TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne Dijon France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement et syndromes malformatifs, Centre de Génétique, FHU‐TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne Dijon France
| | - Julian Delanne
- Inserm UMR1231 GAD Université Bourgogne‐Franche Comté Dijon France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement et syndromes malformatifs, Centre de Génétique, FHU‐TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne Dijon France
| | - Sébastien Moutton
- Inserm UMR1231 GAD Université Bourgogne‐Franche Comté Dijon France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement et syndromes malformatifs, Centre de Génétique, FHU‐TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne Dijon France
| | - Patrick Callier
- Inserm UMR1231 GAD Université Bourgogne‐Franche Comté Dijon France
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares FHU‐TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne Dijon France
| | - Yannis Duffourd
- Inserm UMR1231 GAD Université Bourgogne‐Franche Comté Dijon France
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares FHU‐TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne Dijon France
| | - Christophe Philippe
- Inserm UMR1231 GAD Université Bourgogne‐Franche Comté Dijon France
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares FHU‐TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne Dijon France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Inserm UMR1231 GAD Université Bourgogne‐Franche Comté Dijon France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement et syndromes malformatifs, Centre de Génétique, FHU‐TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne Dijon France
| | - Christel Thauvin‐Robinet
- Inserm UMR1231 GAD Université Bourgogne‐Franche Comté Dijon France
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares FHU‐TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne Dijon France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Déficiences Intellectuelles de causes rares, Centre de Génétique, FHU‐TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne Dijon France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement et syndromes malformatifs, Centre de Génétique, FHU‐TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne Dijon France
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Abstract
Genodermatoses are inherited disorders presenting with cutaneous manifestations with or without the involvement of other systems. The majority of these disorders, particularly in cases that present with a cutaneous patterning, may be explained in the context of genetic mosaicism. Despite the barriers to the genetic analysis of mosaic disorders, next-generation sequencing has led to a substantial progress in understanding their pathogenesis, which has significant implications for the clinical management and genetic counseling. Advances in paired and deep sequencing technologies in particular have made the study of mosaic disorders more feasible. In this review, we provide an overview of genetic mosaicism as well as mosaic cutaneous disorders and the techniques required to study them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Cheraghlou
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Young Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Keith A Choate
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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10
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Coleman E, Panse G, Cowper S, Lacy J, Leventhal J. Disappearing pigmentary mosaicism during imatinib treatment for gastrointestinal stromal tumors. JAAD Case Rep 2019; 5:170-172. [PMID: 30740499 PMCID: PMC6357547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Coleman
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gauri Panse
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shawn Cowper
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jill Lacy
- Department of Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jonathan Leventhal
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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11
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Fernandes C, Waddell A, Jean SÉ. Linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis and Joubert syndrome: a novel association: A case report and literature review. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2019; 7:2050313X19876725. [PMID: 35154762 PMCID: PMC8825666 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x19876725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This report discusses a case of linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis associated with cerebellar atrophy, ocular and developmental anomalies compatible with Joubert syndrome. Linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis is a rare disorder of skin pigmentation characterized by swirls and whorls of hyperpigmented macules in a reticulate pattern along Blaschko’s lines. Neurologic, cardiac, skeletal and developmental anomalies have been reported. We present a case of linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis on an 18-year-old woman who also presented with cerebellar atrophy, jerk nystagmus, macrocephaly and developmental delay. Those symptoms were compatible with Joubert syndrome. A complete work-up failed to reveal other systemic or skeletal anomalies. No chromosomal alteration was found on karyotyping carried out on a skin specimen. Much remains to be known about linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis. It is generally a benign condition but association with various congenital anomalies have been reported. Proper work-up is advised in order to exclude congenital anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Fernandes
- Department of Dermatology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Andréanne Waddell
- Department of Dermatology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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12
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Chiaverini C. Quoi de neuf en dermatologie pédiatrique ? Ann Dermatol Venereol 2017; 144 Suppl 4:IVS29-IVS39. [DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(17)31063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Kinsler VA, Larue L. The patterns of birthmarks suggest a novel population of melanocyte precursors arising around the time of gastrulation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2017; 31:95-109. [PMID: 28940934 PMCID: PMC5765478 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Systematic work in the mouse and chicken has mapped out two neural crest-derived pathways of melanocyte precursor migration. With these in mind, this study reappraises the patterns of congenital pigmentary disorders in humans and identifies three recurrent patterns consistent across genetically different diseases. Only two of these are seen in diseases known to be melanocyte cell-autonomous. The segmental pattern correlates well with the classical dorsolateral population from animal studies, demonstrating respect of the midline, cranio-caudal axial mixing, unilateral migration and involvement of key epidermally derived structures. Importantly however, the melanocyte precursors responsible for the non-segmental pattern, which demonstrates circular, bilateral migration centred on the midline, and not involving key epidermally derived structures, have not been identified previously. We propose that this population originates around the time of gastrulation, most likely within the mesoderm, and ultimately resides within the dermis. Whether it contributes to mature melanocytes in non-disease states is not known; however, parallels with the patterns of acquired vitiligo would suggest that it does. The third pattern, hypo- or hyperpigmented fine and whorled Blaschko's lines, is proposed to be non-cell-autonomous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica A Kinsler
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lionel Larue
- Institut Curie, INSERM U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, PSL Research University, Orsay, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, Orsay, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Orsay, France
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