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Taghipour A, Karami P, Manikantan Sandhya M, Sadrzadeh M. An Innovative Surface Modification Technique for Antifouling Polyamide Nanofiltration Membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:37197-37211. [PMID: 38959422 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a novel surface coating technique to modify the surface chemistry of thin film composite (TFC) nanofiltration (NF) membranes, aiming to mitigate organic fouling while maintaining the membrane's permselectivity. We formed a spot-like polyester (PE) coating on top of a polyamide (PA) TFC membrane using mist-based interfacial polymerization. This process involved exposing the membrane surface to tiny droplets carrying different concentrations of sulfonated kraft lignin (SKL, 3, 5, and 7 wt %) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC, 0.2 wt %). The main advantages of this surface coating technique are minimal solvent consumption (less than 0.05 mL/cm2) and precise control over interfacial polymerization. Zeta potential measurements of the coated membranes exhibited enhancements in negative charge compared to the control membrane. This enhancement is attributed to the unreacted carboxyl functional groups of the SKL and TMC monomers, as well as the presence of sulfonate groups (SO3) in the structure of SKL. AFM results showed a notable decrease in membrane surface roughness after polyester coating due to the slower diffusion of SKL to the interface and a milder reaction with TMC. In terms of fouling resistance, the membrane coated with a polyester composed of 7 wt % SKL showed a 90% flux recovery ratio (FRR) during Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) filtration, showing a 15% improvement compared to the control membrane (PA). PE-coated membranes provided stable separation performance over 40 h of filtration. The sodium chloride rejection and water flux displayed minimal variations, indicating the robustness of the coating layer. The final section of the presented study focuses on assessing the feasibility of scaling up and the cost-effectiveness of the proposed technique. The demonstrated ease of scalability and a notable reduction in chemical consumption establish this method as a viable, environmentally friendly, and sustainable solution for surface modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Taghipour
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, 10-241 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering, Advanced Water Research Lab (AWRL), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Pooria Karami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, 10-241 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering, Advanced Water Research Lab (AWRL), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Mahesh Manikantan Sandhya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Mohtada Sadrzadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, 10-241 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering, Advanced Water Research Lab (AWRL), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
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Diepenbroek E, Mehta S, Borneman Z, Hempenius MA, Kooij ES, Nijmeijer K, de Beer S. Advances in Membrane Separation for Biomaterial Dewatering. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:4545-4566. [PMID: 38386509 PMCID: PMC10919095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Biomaterials often contain large quantities of water (50-98%), and with the current transition to a more biobased economy, drying these materials will become increasingly important. Contrary to the standard, thermodynamically inefficient chemical and thermal drying methods, dewatering by membrane separation will provide a sustainable and efficient alternative. However, biomaterials can easily foul membrane surfaces, which is detrimental to the performance of current membrane separations. Improving the antifouling properties of such membranes is a key challenge. Other recent research has been dedicated to enhancing the permeate flux and selectivity. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the design requirements for and recent advances in dewatering of biomaterials using membranes. These recent developments offer a viable solution to the challenges of fouling and suboptimal performances. We focus on two emerging development strategies, which are the use of electric-field-assisted dewatering and surface functionalizations, in particular with hydrogels. Our overview concludes with a critical mention of the remaining challenges and possible research directions within these subfields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esli Diepenbroek
- Department
of Molecules & Materials, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Sarthak Mehta
- Membrane
Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Zandrie Borneman
- Membrane
Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A. Hempenius
- Department
of Molecules & Materials, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - E. Stefan Kooij
- Physics
of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7500
AE Enschede, The
Netherlands
| | - Kitty Nijmeijer
- Membrane
Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sissi de Beer
- Department
of Molecules & Materials, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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da Silva LHBR, Paixão RM, Bergamasco R, Vieira AMS, Vieira MF. Layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly of polyethersulphone microfiltration membranes for dye removal and flux recovery improvement. CAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Li S, Meng H, Wang H, Vrouwenvelder JS, Li Z. A sacrificial protective layer as fouling control strategy for nanofiltration in water treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 219:118554. [PMID: 35576758 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-performance nanofiltration (NF) membrane with super antifouling capability as well as reusability is highly desired in water treatment. A new antifouling strategy by a coating-decoating-recoating cycle was investigated for effective removal of fouling and restoring the original membrane performance. The functional membrane surface was fabricated by in-situ coating a 'green' and biodegradable carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) layer as physical barrier. The CMCS layer can be decoated and re-coated by simple procedures. Results showed that (i) the CMCS layer enhanced surface hydrophilicity, surface smoothness and fouling resistance of NF membrane, (ii) both the unfouled and fouled CMCS layer were easily decoated by the strong acid solution, (iii) the CMCS layer was easily re-coated by facile recoating and (iv) the water flux recovery ratio of membrane with coating layer was maintained more than 88.8% during fouling testing by natural organic matter (NOM) after four sequential cycles of coating, decoating and recoating process. The re-coated membrane exhibited stable, improved membrane operational and antifouling performance. The coating-decoating-recoating approach is proven to be low-cost and eco-friendly strategy for NOM fouling control on NF membrane in water treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Huanna Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Haihua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Johannes S Vrouwenvelder
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhenyu Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Yue Y, Hou K, Chen J, Cheng W, Wu Q, Han J, Jiang J. Ag/AgBr/AgVO 3 Photocatalyst-Embedded Polyacrylonitrile/Polyamide/Chitosan Nanofiltration Membrane for Integrated Filtration and Degradation of RhB. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24708-24719. [PMID: 35594189 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A nanofiltration (NF) membrane containing a NaOH-treated electrospun polyacrylonitrile (HPAN) substrate, an interfacial polymerization (IP) polyamide (PA) layer, a chitosan (CS) coating layer, and an Ag/AgBr/AgVO3 photocatalyst loading layer was prepared. The structural evolution of the membranes was investigated, and their performance was estimated in accordance with the water flux and rejection rate. A probable mechanism for the photocatalytic activity of Ag/AgBr/AgVO3 was proposed. The loading of the Ag/AgBr/AgVO3 heterojunction on the HPAN/PA/CS NF membrane endowed the membrane with excellent self-cleaning properties owing to the photolytic degradation of the dye. The filtration and degradation processes of the Ag/AgBr/AgVO3-loaded membrane constantly promoted each other, and the treatment efficiency achieved with the integrated (filtration + degradation) process was superior to those obtained with the filtration and degradation processes alone. The Ag/AgBr/AgVO3-NF membrane exhibited excellent recyclability and stability when subjected to five integrated filtration-degradation processes. In addition, the Ag/AgBr/AgVO3-NF membrane exhibited an elastic modulus of 65.75 MPa and a toughness of 38.9 kJ/m3 along with a good disinfection effect on Escherichia coli in visible light. The as-prepared photocatalyst-loaded NF membrane with excellent antifouling performance, antimicrobial activity, high strength, and recyclability showed potential for continuous water purification operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Yue
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Kaiyang Hou
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jiayue Chen
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wanli Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qinglin Wu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Jingquan Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jianchun Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China
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Rose II, Kather M, Roth H, Dünkelberg H, Rein L, Klimosch SN, Schmolz M, Wessling M. Single-step chitosan functionalized membranes for heparinization. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Ang MBMY, Marquez JAD, Lin CC, Yang HL, Wang YS, Huang SH, Tsai HA, Lee KR. Modifying the surface of active polyamide layer in thin-film composite tubular membranes with polyethylene glycol for improved separation and antifouling. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wang K, Wang X, Januszewski B, Liu Y, Li D, Fu R, Elimelech M, Huang X. Tailored design of nanofiltration membranes for water treatment based on synthesis-property-performance relationships. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 51:672-719. [PMID: 34932047 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01599g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tailored design of high-performance nanofiltration (NF) membranes is desirable because the requirements for membrane performance, particularly ion/salt rejection and selectivity, differ among the various applications of NF technology ranging from drinking water production to resource mining. However, this customization greatly relies on a comprehensive understanding of the influence of membrane fabrication methods and conditions on membrane properties and the relationships between the membrane structural and physicochemical properties and membrane performance. Since the inception of NF, much progress has been made in forming the foundation of tailored design of NF membranes and the underlying governing principles. This progress includes theories regarding NF mass transfer and solute rejection, further exploitation of the classical interfacial polymerization technique, and development of novel materials and membrane fabrication methods. In this critical review, we first summarize the progress made in controllable design of NF membrane properties in recent years from the perspective of optimizing interfacial polymerization techniques and adopting new manufacturing processes and materials. We then discuss the property-performance relationships based on solvent/solute mass transfer theories and mathematical models, and draw conclusions on membrane structural and physicochemical parameter regulation by modifying the fabrication process to improve membrane separation performance. Next, existing and potential applications of these NF membranes in water treatment processes are systematically discussed according to the different separation requirements. Finally, we point out the prospects and challenges of tailored design of NF membranes for water treatment applications. This review bridges the long-existing gaps between the pressing demand for suitable NF membranes from the industrial community and the surge of publications by the scientific community in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment and International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaomao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment and International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Brielle Januszewski
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8286, USA
| | - Yanling Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment and International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Danyang Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment and International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Ruoyu Fu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment and International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8286, USA
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment and International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.
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Jashni E, Hosseini SM, Shabanian M, Sadrzadeh M. Silane functionalized graphene oxide-bound polyelectrolyte layers for producing monovalent cation permselective membranes. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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Comprehensive Enhancement of Mechanical, Water-Repellent and Antimicrobial Properties of Regenerated Seaweed and Plant-Based Paper with Chitosan Coating. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11111384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Regenerated papers made from discarded natural sources, such as seaweeds or non-wood plants, are viewed as promising eco-friendly alternatives relative to conventional wood-based paper. However, due to its limited mechanical strength and higher water absorption than compared to traditional wood paper, it often results in premature structural disintegration. In order to overcome this limitation, this research introduces an efficient and comprehensive strategy of coating seaweed and plant papers with varying concentrations and molecular weights of chitosan. Increased concentration and molecular weight resulted in a greater amount of chitosan deposition, while the highest molecular weight also shows increased dissolution of soluble components of the paper. Since plants and seaweeds contain high anionic polysaccharide contents, the cationic chitosan shows high binding affinity towards paper. The resulting chitosan-coated papers demonstrate significant enhancements in water repellency and mechanical properties. In addition, the chitosan-coated papers also show significant bacterial inhibition effects due to the natural anti-microbial activity of chitosan.
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Baig U, Waheed A, Salih HA, Matin A, Alshami A, Aljundi IH. Facile Modification of NF Membrane by Multi-Layer Deposition of Polyelectrolytes for Enhanced Fouling Resistance. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3728. [PMID: 34771283 PMCID: PMC8588481 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fouling not only deteriorates the membrane structure but also compromises the quality of the permeate and has deleterious consequences on the membrane operation. In the current study, a commercial thin film composite nanofiltration membrane (NF90) was modified by sequentially depositing oppositely charged polycation (poly(allylamine hydrochloride)) and polyanion (poly(acrylic acid)) polyelectrolytes using the layer-by-layer assembly method. The water contact angle was decreased by ~10° after the coating process, indicating increased hydrophilicity. The surface roughness of the prepared membranes decreased from 380 nm (M-0) to 306 nm (M-10) and 366 nm (M-20). M-10 membrane showed the highest permeate flux of 120 L m-2 h-1 with a salt rejection of >98% for MgSO4 and NaCl. The fabricated membranes M-20 and M-30 showed 15% improvement in fouling resistance and maintained the initial permeate flux longer than the pristine membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Baig
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (U.B.); (A.W.); (A.M.)
| | - Abdul Waheed
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (U.B.); (A.W.); (A.M.)
| | - Hassan A. Salih
- College of Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Asif Matin
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (U.B.); (A.W.); (A.M.)
| | - Ali Alshami
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA;
| | - Isam H. Aljundi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (U.B.); (A.W.); (A.M.)
- Chemical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Khoo YS, Lau WJ, Liang YY, Yusof N, Fauzi Ismail A. Surface modification of PA layer of TFC membranes: Does it effective for performance Improvement? J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Shafi QI, Ihsan H, Hao Y, Wu X, Ullah N, Younas M, He B, Rezakazemi M. Multi-ionic electrolytes and E.coli removal from wastewater using chitosan-based in-situ mediated thin film composite nanofiltration membrane. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 294:112996. [PMID: 34126538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the experimental investigation of flat sheet composite nanofiltration membrane synthesized with chitosan nanoparticles through interfacial polymerization of piperazine with trimesoyl chloride on polyethersulfone/sulfonated polysulfone substrates. The synthesized membrane was tested in wastewater treatment containing inorganic salts and E.Coli. Single binary electrolyte solution of KCl, MgCl2, MgSO4, and Na2SO4, ternary electrolyte solution, containing a combination of MgCl2 and MgSO4, KCl and MgCl2 and quaternary electrolyte solution of KCl, MgCl2, and MgSO4 as feed were treated in crossflow membrane cell for the water flux and species rejection in the permeate under operating pressure up to 0.5 MPa. The rejection of Na1+, K1+, Mg2+, Cl1-, and SO42- was observed to be 81, 28, 87, 96, and 98%, respectively with an average water flux up to 214 ± 10 L m⁻2.hr⁻1 in the permeate for the binary electrolyte solution. Similarly, the rejection for K1+, Mg2+, Cl1- and SO42- was noted to be 33, 94, 97, and 99%, respectively, for ternary electrolyte solution with an average water flux up to 211 ± 10 L m-2.hr-1. The quaternary ion system in the feed resulted in an average water flux up to 198 ± 12 L m⁻2.hr⁻1 with the rejection of K+, Mg+2, Cl- and SO4-2 as 35, 87, 96, and 99%, respectively. The model feed solution of E. coli after passing through the membrane achieved an E. coli rejection (99%) with water flux up to 220 L m-2.hr-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qazi Iqra Shafi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Haseena Ihsan
- Department of Chemistry, Sharhad University of Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Yufan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Nehar Ullah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Younas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Benqiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Mashallah Rezakazemi
- Faculty of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran.
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S E, G A, A F I, P S G, Y LT. Review on characteristics of biomaterial and nanomaterials based polymeric nanocomposite membranes for seawater treatment application. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111177. [PMID: 33864792 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Membrane technology, especially nanofiltration (NF) has great attention to provide an imperative solution for water issues. The membrane is considered to be the heart in the separation plant. Understanding the membrane characteristics could allow predicting and optimizing the membrane performance namely flux, rejection and reduced fouling. The membrane development using biomaterials and nanomaterials provides a remarkable opportunity in the water application. This review focuses on the membrane characteristics of biomaterials and nanomaterials based nanofiltration. In this review, recent researches based on biomaterials and nanomaterials loaded membrane for salt rejection have been analyzed. Membrane fouling depends on the membrane characteristics and this review defined fouling as a ubiquitous bottleneck challenge that hampers the NF blooming applications. Fouling mitigation strategies via membrane modification using biomaterial (chitosan, curcumin and vanillin) and various other nanomaterials are critically reviewed. This review also highlights the membrane cleaning and focuses on concentrates disposal methods with zero liquid discharge system for resource recovery. Finally, the conclusion and future prospects of membrane technology are discussed. From this current review, it is apparent that the biomaterial and various other nanomaterials acquire exclusive properties that facilitate membrane advancement with improved capability for water treatment. Regardless of membrane material developments, still exist considerable difficulties in membrane commercialization. Thus, additional studies related to this field are needed to produce membranes with better performance for large‒scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elakkiya S
- Membrane Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arthanareeswaran G
- Membrane Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ismail A F
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Goh P S
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Lukka Thuyavan Y
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Ntshangase NC, Sadare OO, Daramola MO. Effect of Silica Sodalite Functionalization and PVA Coating on Performance of Sodalite Infused PSF Membrane during Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:315. [PMID: 33925776 PMCID: PMC8145470 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11050315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, silica sodalite (SSOD) nanoparticles were synthesized by topotactic conversion and functionalized using HNO3/H2SO4 (1:3). The SSOD and functionalized SSOD (fSSOD) nanoparticles were infused into a Polysulfone (Psf) membrane to produce mixed matrix membranes. The membranes were fabricated via the phase inversion method. The membranes and the nanoparticles were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to check the morphology of the nanoparticles and the membranes and Fourier Transform Infrared to check the surface chemistry of the nanoparticles and the membranes. Thermal stability of the nanoparticles and the membranes was evaluated using Themogravimetry analysis (TGA) and the degree of hydrophilicity of the membranes was checked via contact angle measurements. The mechanical strength of the membranes and their surface nature (roughness) were checked using a nanotensile instrument and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), respectively. The textural property of the nanoparticles were checked by conducting N2 physisorption experiments on the nanoparticles at 77 K. AMD-treatment performance of the fabricated membranes was evaluated in a dead-end filtration cell using a synthetic acid mine drainage (AMD) solution prepared by dissolving a known amount of MgCl2, MnCl2·4H2O, Na2SO4, Al(NO3)3, Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, and Ca2OH2 in deionized water. Results from the N2 physisorption experiments on the nanoparticles at 77 K showed a reduction in surface area and increase in pore diameter of the nanoparticles after functionalization. Performance of the membranes during AMD treatment shows that, at 4 bar, a 10% fSSOD/Psf membrane displayed improved heavy metal rejection >50% for all heavy metals considered, expect the SSOD-loaded membrane that showed a rejection <13% (except for Al3+ 89%). In addition, coating the membranes with a PVA layer improved the antifouling property of the membranes. The effects of multiple PVA coating and behaviour of the membranes during real AMD are not reported in this study, these should be investigated in a future study. Therefore, the newly developed functionalized SSOD infused Psf membranes could find applications in the treatment of AMD or for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhle C. Ntshangase
- Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa;
| | - Olawumi O. Sadare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
| | - Michael O. Daramola
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
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Recovery of saccharides from lignocellulosic hydrolysates using nanofiltration membranes: A review. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Amura IF, Shahid S, Sarihan A, Shen J, Patterson DA, Emanuelsson EAC. Fabrication of self-doped sulfonated polyaniline membranes with enhanced antifouling ability and improved solvent resistance. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Wang Y, Hou DF, Ke K, Huang YH, Yan Y, Yang W, Yin B, Yang MB. Chemical-resistant polyamide 6/polyketone composites with gradient encapsulation structure: An insight into the formation mechanism. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Palika A, Rahimi A, Bolisetty S, Handschin S, Fischer P, Mezzenga R. Amyloid hybrid membranes for bacterial & genetic material removal from water and their anti-biofouling properties. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:4665-4670. [PMID: 36132927 PMCID: PMC9419293 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00189a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity and contamination by biological pollutants are global challenges that significantly affect public health. Reverse osmosis, nanofiltration and ultrafiltration technologies are very effective for the elimination of pathogens and most contaminants but associated with considerable capital and operating costs, high energy consumption and the use of chlorinated chemicals to suppress membrane fouling. Additionally, the pressure needed by these techniques may disrupt the pathogenic microbial cell membranes, causing the release of genetic material (fragments of DNA, RNA and plasmids) into the water. Here, we introduce the simultaneous removal of both bacteria and associated genetic material using amyloid hybrid membranes, via a combined adsorption and size exclusion mechanism. Amyloid hybrid membranes can remove upto and beyond 99% of the genetic material by adsorption, where amyloid fibrils act as the primary adsorbing material. When the same membranes are surface-modified using chitosan, the anti-biofouling performance of the membranes improved significantly, with a bacterial removal efficiency exceeding 6 log.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Palika
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology Schmelzbergstrasse 9 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Akram Rahimi
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology Schmelzbergstrasse 9 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Sreenath Bolisetty
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology Schmelzbergstrasse 9 8092 Zurich Switzerland
- BluAct Technologies GmbH Schmelzbergstrasse 9 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Stephan Handschin
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology Schmelzbergstrasse 9 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Peter Fischer
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology Schmelzbergstrasse 9 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology Schmelzbergstrasse 9 8092 Zurich Switzerland
- ETH Zurich Department of Materials Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10 8093 Zurich Switzerland +41 44 632 9140 +41 44 632 1603
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21
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Nanocomposite membranes embedded with dopamine-melanin nanospheres for enhanced interfacial compatibility and nanofiltration performance. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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22
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Kacprzyńska-Gołacka J, Kowalik-Klimczak A, Woskowicz E, Wieciński P, Łożyńska M, Sowa S, Barszcz W, Kaźmierczak B. Microfiltration Membranes Modified with Silver Oxide by Plasma Treatment. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10060133. [PMID: 32604751 PMCID: PMC7345900 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10060133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Microfiltration (MF) membranes have been widely used for the separation and concentration of various components in food processing, biotechnology and wastewater treatment. The deposition of components from the feed solution and accumulation of bacteria on the surface and in the membrane matrix greatly reduce the effectiveness of MF. This is due to a decrease in the separation efficiency of the membrane, which contributes to a significant increase in operating costs and the cost of exploitative parts. In recent years, significant interest has arisen in the field of membrane modifications to make their surfaces resistant to the deposition of components from the feed solution and the accumulation of bacteria. The aim of this work was to develop appropriate process parameters for the plasma surface deposition of silver oxide (AgO) on MF polyamide membranes, which enables the fabrication of filtration materials with high permeability and antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kacprzyńska-Gołacka
- Łukasiewicz Research Networks—Institute for Sustainable Technology, 6/10 Pułaskiego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland; (A.K.-K.); (E.W.); (M.Ł.); (S.S.); (W.B.); (B.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-48-364-93-32
| | - Anna Kowalik-Klimczak
- Łukasiewicz Research Networks—Institute for Sustainable Technology, 6/10 Pułaskiego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland; (A.K.-K.); (E.W.); (M.Ł.); (S.S.); (W.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Ewa Woskowicz
- Łukasiewicz Research Networks—Institute for Sustainable Technology, 6/10 Pułaskiego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland; (A.K.-K.); (E.W.); (M.Ł.); (S.S.); (W.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Piotr Wieciński
- Faculty of Materials, Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska St., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Monika Łożyńska
- Łukasiewicz Research Networks—Institute for Sustainable Technology, 6/10 Pułaskiego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland; (A.K.-K.); (E.W.); (M.Ł.); (S.S.); (W.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Sylwia Sowa
- Łukasiewicz Research Networks—Institute for Sustainable Technology, 6/10 Pułaskiego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland; (A.K.-K.); (E.W.); (M.Ł.); (S.S.); (W.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Wioletta Barszcz
- Łukasiewicz Research Networks—Institute for Sustainable Technology, 6/10 Pułaskiego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland; (A.K.-K.); (E.W.); (M.Ł.); (S.S.); (W.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Bernadetta Kaźmierczak
- Łukasiewicz Research Networks—Institute for Sustainable Technology, 6/10 Pułaskiego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland; (A.K.-K.); (E.W.); (M.Ł.); (S.S.); (W.B.); (B.K.)
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Effect of Chitosan's Degree of Deacetylation on the Performance of PES Membrane Infused with Chitosan during AMD Treatment. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10030052. [PMID: 32213825 PMCID: PMC7142423 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10030052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acid mine drainage is an environmental problem associated with mining operations and activities. Its treatment is essential to achieving environmental sustainability. In this study, a polyethersulphone (PES) membrane infused with chitosan is proposed as a point-of-use material for treating acid mine drainage (AMD). The composite material explored the synergetic effect between chitosan and polymer, particularly considering the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of chitosan on the performance of membrane. Chitosan was produced from chitin under various synthesis process conditions and infused within polyethersulphone membrane. The results obtained show that chitosan with the highest degree of deacetylation was achieved with a temperature of 100 °C and NaOH concentration of 40 wt%. Increasing the temperature above 100 °C started degrading already formed or exposed amine groups, thus, reducing the DD of the chitosan sample. The contact angle and porosity analysis indicated that the hydrophilic nature of the membrane was enhanced with increasing DD of the chitosan. The performance of the membranes was conducted on a Dead-end filtration cell using synthetic acid mine drainage. The results showed that the flux and rejection of the membrane was enhanced with increasing degree of deacetylation. PES 5 and PES 1 were blended with chitosan having the highest (95.97%) and lowest (33.93%) degree of deacetylation, respectively. PES 5 reported pure water flux of 123 L/m2·h and PES 1 was recorded as 104 L/m2·h. Similarly, the rejection of the membrane was improved with increasing chitosan’s degree of deacetylation. PES 5 had higher rejection and PES 1 had the least rejection. Maximum rejection for the contaminants was determined as 98.05, 97.39, 96.25, 95.24 and 80.34% for Mn2+, Fe2+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ and SO42−, respectively. The results obtained show that chitosan’s degree of deacetylation has a positive effect on the performance of polyethersulphone membrane during the treatment of acid mine drainage.
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Machodi MJ, Daramola MO. Synthesis and performance evaluation of PES/chitosan membranes coated with polyamide for acid mine drainage treatment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17657. [PMID: 31776358 PMCID: PMC6881372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, performance evaluation of PES membrane infused with chitosan and coated with polyamide layer for treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) is reported. PES/chitosan membranes were fabricated by varying chitosan concentration (0, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 wt%) using phase inversion method. PES/chitosan membranes were coated with polyamide (PA) via co-solvent assisted interfacial polymerization technique (CAIP). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle analysis show that chitosan and polyamide could enhance permeability without affecting rejection of the membrane. The permeability was improved with increasing chitosan content. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was used to quantitatively determine cations in the permeate and the sulphate ions were analysed using ultraviolet and visible (UV-VIS) spectrophotometer. Pure water flux of PES/PA membrane was significantly improved from 56 to 93 l/m2.hr with 1 wt% chitosan addition. Cation rejection (90.4, 88.3, 89.3 and 75.7% for Mn2+,Fe2+, Mg2+ and Ca2+, respectively) was observed to be higher than anion rejection (56.33% for SO42−), when chitosan content was 0.75 wt%. These results indicate that the positively charged membranes under acidic condition had strong repulsive forces with the cations than attractions forces with anions. Polyethersulphone membrane modified with chitosan and coated with polyamide layer displayed potential for application in treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathaba J Machodi
- School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Wits, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Michael O Daramola
- School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Wits, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Sandoval-Olvera IG, González-Muñoz P, Palacio L, Hernández A, Ávila-Rodríguez M, Prádanos P. Ultrafiltration membranes modified by PSS deposition and plasma treatment for Cr(VI) removal. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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26
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Chen LY, Zhang P, Gai JG. Dendritic molecules give excellent long-lasting desalination fouling resistance to reverse osmosis membrane by generating an amine-rich layer. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Pan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Jing-Gang Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 China
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Chrzanowska E, Gierszewska M, Kujawa J, Raszkowska-Kaczor A, Kujawski W. Development and Characterization of Polyamide-Supported Chitosan Nanocomposite Membranes for Hydrophilic Pervaporation. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10080868. [PMID: 30960793 PMCID: PMC6403665 DOI: 10.3390/polym10080868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An experimental protocol of preparation of homogeneous and nanocomposite chitosan (Ch) based membranes supported on polyamide-6 (PA6) films was developed and described in detail. Montmorillonite (MMT) and Cloisite 30B (C30B) nanoclays were used as nanofillers to improve mechanical properties of chitosan films. The surface, mechanical, and transport properties of PA6 supported Ch, Ch/MMT and Ch/C30B membranes were studied and compared with a pristine, non-supported chitosan membrane. Implementation of advanced analytical techniques e.g., SEM reveal the clays nanoparticles are well dispersed in the chitosan matrix. According to AFM images, composite chitosan/nanoclay membranes possess higher roughness compared with unfilled ones. On the other hand, an incorporation of clay particles insignificantly changed the mechanical and thermal properties of the membranes. It was also found that all membranes are hydrophilic and water is preferentially removed from EtOH/H₂O and iPrOH/H₂O mixtures by pervaporation. Supporting of chitosan and chitosan/nanoclay thin films onto PA6 porous substrate enhanced permeate flux and pervaporation separation index, in comparison to the pristine Ch membrane. Concerning separation factor (β), the highest value equal to 4500 has been found for a chitosan composite membrane containing Cloisite 30B contacting 85/15 wt % iPrOH/H₂O mixture. The mentioned membrane was characterized by the normalized flux of 0.5 μm·kg·m-2·h-1. Based on the established data, it was possible to conclude that chitosan membranes are meaningful material in dehydration of azeotropic mixtures. Nevertheless, to boost up the membrane efficiency, the further modification process is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Chrzanowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Gierszewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Joanna Kujawa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Aneta Raszkowska-Kaczor
- Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes, 55 Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Kujawski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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Novel chitosan-piperazine composite nanofiltration membranes for the desalination of brackish water and seawater. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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30
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Li D, Yan Y, Wang H. Recent advances in polymer and polymer composite membranes for reverse and forward osmosis processes. Prog Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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31
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Ayyavoo J, Nguyen TPN, Jun BM, Kim IC, Kwon YN. Protection of polymeric membranes with antifouling surfacing via surface modifications. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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32
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Akbari A, Homayoonfal M. Sulfonation and mixing with TiO2 nanoparticles as two simultaneous solutions for reducing fouling of polysulfone loose nanofiltration membrane. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-016-0107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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33
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Improved performance of poly(piperazine amide) composite nanofiltration membranes by adding aluminum hydroxide nanospheres. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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