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Aare M, Bagde A, Nathani A, Rishi AK, Singh M. Enhanced oral bioavailability and in vitro evaluation of cannabidiol camel milk-derived exosome formulation in resistant MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells. Int J Pharm 2024; 663:124375. [PMID: 38914353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The potential of camel milk-derived exosomes (CMDE) to enhance the bioavailability of Cannabidiol (CBD) was investigated. CBD-CMDE formulation was prepared using an established procedure and its particle size was 138.4 ± 4.37 nm, and CBD entrapment efficiency of 56.56 ± 4.26 %. In-vitro release studies showed release of 78.27 ± 5.37 % and 46.42 ± 4.75 % CBD from CMDE and control CBD formulation respectively in pH 6.8 at 24 hr. The apparent permeability (Papp) of CBD-CMDE was found to be enhanced by 3.95-fold with Papp of 22.9*10-6 ± 0.34 cm/sec as compared to control CBD formulation with Papp of 5.8*10-6 ± 0.65 cm/sec in MDCK cells. CBD-CMDE was found to be more potent than CBD in 2D cytotoxicity assay with IC50 values of 3.6 ± 0.54 µM, 3.88 ± 0.54 µM and 7.53 ± 0.59 µM, 7.53 ± 0.59 µM against Doxorubicin (DOX) resistant MDA-MB-231 and Rapamycin (RM) resistant MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells respectively. Moreover, 3D spheroids assay results demonstrated CBD-CMDE with IC50 values of 14 ± 0.85 µM, 15 ± 0.07 µM as compared to CBD alone with IC50 values of 25 ± 0.93 µM, 34.7 ± 0.08 µM in MDA-MB-231 DOX RT cells and MDA-MB-468 RM RT cells respectively. In-vivo PK studies showed enhanced bioavailability of CBD from CBD-exosomes with AUC(0-24h) of 1350.56 ± 187.50 h.ng/mL as compared to CBD control formulation with AUC(0-24h) of 351.95 ± 39.10 h.ng/mL with a single oral dose of 12 mg/kg. The data indicate that CMDE significantly improved the oral bioavailability of CBD. Overall, CMDE can be used to enhance the oral absorption of poorly bioavailable APIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounika Aare
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Arvind Bagde
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Aakash Nathani
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Arun K Rishi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mandip Singh
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
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2
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Genova C, Marconi S, Chiorino G, Guana F, Ostano P, Santamaria S, Rossi G, Vanni I, Longo L, Tagliamento M, Zullo L, Dal Bello MG, Dellepiane C, Alama A, Rijavec E, Ludovini V, Barletta G, Passiglia F, Metro G, Baglivo S, Chiari R, Rivoltini L, Biello F, Baraibar I, Gil-Bazo I, Novello S, Grossi F, Coco S. Extracellular vesicles miR-574-5p and miR-181a-5p as prognostic markers in NSCLC patients treated with nivolumab. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:182. [PMID: 39105937 PMCID: PMC11303437 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), although patient survival is still unsatisfactory. Accurate predictive markers capable of personalizing the treatment of patients with NSCLC are still lacking. Circulating extracellular vesicles involved in cell-to-cell communications through miRNAs (EV-miRs) transfer are promising markers. Plasma from 245 patients with advanced NSCLC who received nivolumab as second-line therapy was collected and analyzed. EV-miRnome was profiled on 174/245 patients by microarray platform, and selected EV-miRs were validated by qPCR. A prognostic model combining EV-miR and clinical variables was built using stepwise Cox regression analysis and tested on an independent patient cohort (71/245). EV-PD-L1 gene copy number was assessed by digital PCR. For 54 patients with disease control, EV-miR changes at best response versus baseline were investigated by microarray and validated by qPCR. EV-miRNome profiling at baseline identified two EV-miRs (miR-181a-5p and miR-574-5p) that, combined with performance status, are capable of discriminating patients unlikely from those that are likely to benefit from immunotherapy (median overall survival of 4 months or higher than 9 months, respectively). EV-PD-L1 digital evaluation reported higher baseline copy number in patients at increased risk of mortality, without improving the prognostic score. Best response EV-miRNome profiling selected six deregulated EV-miRs (miR19a-3p, miR-20a-5p, miR-142-3p, miR-1260a, miR-1260b, and miR-5100) in responding patients. Their longitudinal monitoring highlighted a significant downmodulation already in the first treatment cycles, which lasted more than 6 months. Our results demonstrate that EV-miRs are promising prognostic markers for NSCLC patients treated with nivolumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Genova
- UOC Clinica Di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Interna E Specialità Mediche (DiMI), Università Degli Studi Di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Marconi
- UOS Tumori Polmonari, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo Ed Elvo Tempia, Via Malta, 3, 13900, Biella, Italy.
| | - Francesca Guana
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo Ed Elvo Tempia, Via Malta, 3, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Paola Ostano
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo Ed Elvo Tempia, Via Malta, 3, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Sara Santamaria
- UOC Clinica Di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Rossi
- UOC Oncologia Medica 2, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Irene Vanni
- Genetica Oncologica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Longo
- UOS Tumori Polmonari, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Tagliamento
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Interna E Specialità Mediche (DiMI), Università Degli Studi Di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lodovica Zullo
- UOS Tumori Polmonari, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Dal Bello
- UOS Tumori Polmonari, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Dellepiane
- UOC Oncologia Medica 2, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Angela Alama
- UOS Tumori Polmonari, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Erika Rijavec
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Vienna Ludovini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 3, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Barletta
- UOC Oncologia Medica 2, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Passiglia
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043, Orbassano, TO, Italy
| | - Giulio Metro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 3, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Baglivo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 3, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rita Chiari
- Azienda Ospedaliera "Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord", Piazzale Cinelli 4, 61126, Pesaro, PU, Italy
| | - Licia Rivoltini
- Unit of Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian, 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Biello
- Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore Della Carità, Largo Bellini, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Iosune Baraibar
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Av. de Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research and Navarra Institute for Health Research, Av. de Pío XII, 55, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Gil-Bazo
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Av. de Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research and Navarra Institute for Health Research, Av. de Pío XII, 55, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Novello
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043, Orbassano, TO, Italy
| | - Francesco Grossi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Ospedale Di Circolo E Fondazione Macchi, ASST Dei Sette Laghi, Via Lazio, 36, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Simona Coco
- UOS Tumori Polmonari, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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3
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Rahmani A, Soleymani A, Almukhtar M, Behzad Moghadam K, Vaziri Z, Hosein Tabar Kashi A, Adabi Firoozjah R, Jafari Tadi M, Zolfaghari Dehkharghani M, Valadi H, Moghadamnia AA, Gasser RB, Rostami A. Exosomes, and the potential for exosome-based interventions against COVID-19. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2562. [PMID: 38924213 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Since late 2019, the world has been devastated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with more than 760 million people affected and ∼seven million deaths reported. Although effective treatments for COVID-19 are currently limited, there has been a strong focus on developing new therapeutic approaches to address the morbidity and mortality linked to this disease. An approach that is currently being investigated is the use of exosome-based therapies. Exosomes are small, extracellular vesicles that play a role in many clinical diseases, including viral infections, infected cells release exosomes that can transmit viral components, such as miRNAs and proteins, and can also include receptors for viruses that facilitate viral entry into recipient cells. SARS-CoV-2 has the ability to impact the formation, secretion, and release of exosomes, thereby potentially facilitating or intensifying the transmission of the virus among cells, tissues and individuals. Therefore, designing synthetic exosomes that carry immunomodulatory cargo and antiviral compounds are proposed to be a promising strategy for the treatment of COVID-19 and other viral diseases. Moreover, exosomes generated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) might be employed as cell-free therapeutic agents, as MSC-derived exosomes can diminish the cytokine storm and reverse the suppression of host anti-viral defences associated with COVID-19, and boost the repair of lung damage linked to mitochondrial activity. The present article discusses the significance and roles of exosomes in COVID-19, and explores potential future applications of exosomes in combating this disease. Despite the challenges posed by COVID-19, exosome-based therapies could represent a promising avenue for improving patient outcomes and reducing the impact of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Rahmani
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Soleymani
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Kimia Behzad Moghadam
- Independent Researcher, Former University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zahra Vaziri
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Hosein Tabar Kashi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Reza Adabi Firoozjah
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Jafari Tadi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Maryam Zolfaghari Dehkharghani
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Hadi Valadi
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ali Rostami
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Gromek P, Senkowska Z, Płuciennik E, Pasieka Z, Zhao LY, Gielecińska A, Kciuk M, Kłosiński K, Kałuzińska-Kołat Ż, Kołat D. Revisiting the standards of cancer detection and therapy alongside their comparison to modern methods. World J Methodol 2024; 14:92982. [PMID: 38983668 PMCID: PMC11229876 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v14.i2.92982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In accordance with the World Health Organization data, cancer remains at the forefront of fatal diseases. An upward trend in cancer incidence and mortality has been observed globally, emphasizing that efforts in developing detection and treatment methods should continue. The diagnostic path typically begins with learning the medical history of a patient; this is followed by basic blood tests and imaging tests to indicate where cancer may be located to schedule a needle biopsy. Prompt initiation of diagnosis is crucial since delayed cancer detection entails higher costs of treatment and hospitalization. Thus, there is a need for novel cancer detection methods such as liquid biopsy, elastography, synthetic biosensors, fluorescence imaging, and reflectance confocal microscopy. Conventional therapeutic methods, although still common in clinical practice, pose many limitations and are unsatisfactory. Nowadays, there is a dynamic advancement of clinical research and the development of more precise and effective methods such as oncolytic virotherapy, exosome-based therapy, nanotechnology, dendritic cells, chimeric antigen receptors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, natural product-based therapy, tumor-treating fields, and photodynamic therapy. The present paper compares available data on conventional and modern methods of cancer detection and therapy to facilitate an understanding of this rapidly advancing field and its future directions. As evidenced, modern methods are not without drawbacks; there is still a need to develop new detection strategies and therapeutic approaches to improve sensitivity, specificity, safety, and efficacy. Nevertheless, an appropriate route has been taken, as confirmed by the approval of some modern methods by the Food and Drug Administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gromek
- Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Senkowska
- Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Płuciennik
- Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Pasieka
- Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Lin-Yong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Adrianna Gielecińska
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Lodzkie, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kciuk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Karol Kłosiński
- Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Żaneta Kałuzińska-Kołat
- Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Lodzkie, Poland
- Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Damian Kołat
- Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Lodzkie, Poland
- Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Lodzkie, Poland
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5
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Wang Z, Zhang Y, Li X. Mitigation of Oxidative Stress in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Through Exosome-Mediated Therapies. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:6161-6176. [PMID: 38911503 PMCID: PMC11193999 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s453739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) poses a formidable clinical challenge, characterized by the thickening of alveolar septa and the onset of pulmonary fibrosis. The pronounced activation of oxidative stress emerges as a pivotal hallmark of inflammation. Traditional application of exogenous antioxidants proves inadequate in addressing oxidative stress, necessitating exploration into strategies to augment their antioxidant efficacy. Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles harboring a diverse array of bioactive factors, present as promising carriers with the potential to meet this challenge. Recent attention has been directed towards the clinical applications of exosomes in IPF, fueling the impetus for this comprehensive review. We have compiled fresh insights into the role of exosomes in modulating oxidative stress in IPF and delved into their potential as carriers for regulating endogenous reactive oxygen species generation. This review endeavors to bridge the divide between exosome research and IPF, traversing from bedside to bench. Through the synthesis of recent findings, we propose exosomes as a novel and promising strategy for improving the outcomes of IPF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiyan Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, People’s Republic of China
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Torres A, Bernardo L, Sánchez C, Morato E, Solana JC, Carrillo E. Comparing the Proteomic Profiles of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated using Different Methods from Long-term Stored Plasma Samples. Biol Proced Online 2024; 26:18. [PMID: 38898416 PMCID: PMC11188224 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-024-00243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of standardized protocols for isolating extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially from biobank-stored blood plasma, translates to limitations for the study of new biomarkers. This study examines whether a combination of current isolation methods could enhance the specificity and purity of isolated EVs for diagnosis and personalized medicine purposes. RESULTS EVs were isolated from healthy human plasma stored for one year by ultracentrifugation (UC), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), or SEC and UC combined (SEC + UC). The EV isolates were then characterized by transmission electron microscopy imaging, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and western blotting. Proteomic procedures were used to analyze protein contents. The presence of EV markers in all isolates was confirmed by western blotting yet this analysis revealed higher albumin expression in EVs-UC, suggesting plasma protein contamination. Proteomic analysis identified 542 proteins, SEC + UC yielding the most complex proteome at 364 proteins. Through gene ontology enrichment, we observed differences in the cellular components of EVs and plasma in that SEC + UC isolates featured higher proportions of EV proteins than those derived from the other two methods. Analysis of proteins unique to each isolation method served to identify 181 unique proteins for the combined approach, including those normally appearing in low concentrations in plasma. This indicates that with this combined method, it is possible to detect less abundant plasma proteins by proteomics in the resultant isolates. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that the SEC + UC approach yields highly pure and diverse EVs suitable for comprehensive proteomic analysis with applications for the detection of new biomarkers in biobank-stored plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Torres
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Bernardo
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Sánchez
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Morato
- Proteomics Facility, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Carlos Solana
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eugenia Carrillo
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Gul R, Bashir H, Sarfraz M, Shaikh AJ, Bin Jardan YA, Hussain Z, Bin Asad MHH, Gulzar F, Guan B, Nazir I, Amirzada MI. Human plasma derived exosomes: Impact of active and passive drug loading approaches on drug delivery. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102096. [PMID: 38757071 PMCID: PMC11097067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to explore the potential of human plasma-derived exosomes as versatile carriers for drug delivery by employing various active and passive loading methods. Exosomes were isolated from human plasma using differential centrifugation and ultrafiltration method. Drug loading was achieved by employing sonication and freeze thaw methods, facilitating effective drug encapsulation within exosomes for delivery. Each approach was examined for its effectiveness, loading efficiency and ability to preserve membrane stability. Methotrexate (MTX), a weak acid model drug was loaded at a concentration of 2.2 µM to exosomes underwent characterization using various techniques such as particle size analysis, transmission electron microscopy and drug loading capacity. Human plasma derived exosomes showed a mean size of 162.15 ± 28.21 nm and zeta potential of -30.6 ± 0.71 mV. These exosomes were successfully loaded with MTX demonstrated a better drug encapsulation of 64.538 ± 1.54 % by freeze thaw method in comparison 55.515 ± 1.907 % by sonication. In-vitro drug release displayed 60 % loaded drug released within 72 h by freeze thaw method that was significantly different from that by sonication method i.e., 99 % within 72 h (p value 0.0045). Moreover, cell viability of exosomes loaded by freeze thaw method was significantly higher than that by sonication method (p value 0.0091) suggested that there was membrane disruption by sonication method. In conclusion, this study offers valuable insights into the potential of human plasma-derived exosomes loaded by freeze thaw method suggest as a promising carrier for improved drug loading and maintenance of exosomal membrane integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Gul
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060 Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Bashir
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- College of Pharmacy, Al-Ain University, 64141 Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahson Jabbar Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060 Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Faisal Gulzar
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Chenab, 50700 Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Bo Guan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, 832000 Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Imran Nazir
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Amirzada
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060 Abbottabad, Pakistan
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8
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Wysor SK, Marcus RK. In-line coupling of capillary-channeled polymer fiber columns with optical absorbance and multi-angle light scattering detection for the isolation and characterization of exosomes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3325-3333. [PMID: 38592443 PMCID: PMC11106132 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered much interest due to their fundamental role in intracellular communication and their potential utility in clinical diagnostics and as biotherapeutic vectors. Of particular relevance is the subset of EVs referred to as exosomes, ranging in size from 30 to 150 nm, which contain incredible amounts of information about their cell of origin, which can be used to track the progress of disease. As a complementary action, exosomes can be engineered with therapeutic cargo to selectively target diseases. At present, the lack of highly efficient methods of isolation/purification of exosomes from diverse biofluids, plants, and cell cultures is a major bottleneck in the fundamental biochemistry, clinical analysis, and therapeutic applications. Equally impactful, the lack of effective in-line means of detection/characterization of isolate populations, including concentration and sizing, is limiting in the applications. The method presented here couples hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) performed on polyester capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fiber columns followed by in-line optical absorbance and multi-angle light scattering (MALS) detection for the isolation and characterization of EVs, in this case present in the supernatant of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell cultures. Excellent correlation was observed between the determined particle concentrations for the two detection methods. C-CP fiber columns provide a low-cost platform (< $5 per column) for the isolation of exosomes in a 15-min workflow, with complementary absorbance and MALS detection providing very high-quality particle concentration and sizing information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Wysor
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634-0973, USA
| | - R Kenneth Marcus
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634-0973, USA.
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9
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Weber B, Ritter A, Han J, Schaible I, Sturm R, Relja B, Huber-Lang M, Hildebrand F, Pallas C, Widera M, Henrich D, Marzi I, Leppik L. Development of a Sampling and Storage Protocol of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs)-Establishment of the First EV Biobank for Polytraumatized Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5645. [PMID: 38891833 PMCID: PMC11172154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, several studies have emphasized the existence of injury-specific EV "barcodes" that could have significant importance for the precise diagnosis of different organ injuries in polytrauma patients. To expand the research potential of the NTF (network trauma research) biobank of polytraumatized patients, the NTF research group decided to further establish a biobank for EVs. However, until now, the protocols for the isolation, characterization, and storage of EVs for biobank purposes have not been conceptualized. Plasma and serum samples from healthy volunteers (n = 10) were used. Three EV isolation methods of high relevance for the work with patients' samples (ultracentrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, and immune magnetic bead-based isolation) were compared. EVs were quantified using nanoparticle tracking analysis, EV proteins, and miRNAs. The effects of different isolation solutions; the long storage of samples (up to 3 years); and the sensibility of EVs to serial freezing-thawing cycles and different storage conditions (RT, 4/-20/-80 °C, dry ice) were evaluated. The SEC isolation method was considered the most suitable for EV biobanking. We did not find any difference in the quantity of EVs between serum and plasma-EVs. The importance of particle-free PBS as an isolation solution was confirmed. Plasma that has been frozen for a long time can also be used as a source of EVs. Serial freezing-thawing cycles were found to affect the mean size of EVs but not their amount. The storage of EV samples for 5 days on dry ice significantly reduced the EV protein concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Weber
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (L.L.)
| | - Aileen Ritter
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (L.L.)
| | - Jiaoyan Han
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (L.L.)
| | - Inna Schaible
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (L.L.)
| | - Ramona Sturm
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (L.L.)
| | - Borna Relja
- Translational and Experimental Trauma Research, Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christiane Pallas
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marek Widera
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dirk Henrich
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (L.L.)
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (L.L.)
| | - Liudmila Leppik
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (L.L.)
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10
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Yin C, Liufu C, Zhu T, Ye S, Jiang J, Wang M, Wang Y, Shi B. Bladder Cancer in Exosomal Perspective: Unraveling New Regulatory Mechanisms. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3677-3695. [PMID: 38681092 PMCID: PMC11048230 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s458397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer, a prevalent malignant neoplasm of the urinary tract, exhibits escalating morbidity and mortality rates. Current diagnosis standards rely on invasive and costly cystoscopy and histopathology, underscoring the urgency for non-invasive, high-throughput, and cost-effective novel diagnostic techniques to ensure timely detection and standardized treatment. Recent years have witnessed the rise of exosome research in bladder cancer studies. Exosomes contain abundant bioactive molecules that can help elucidate the intricate mechanisms underlying bladder cancer pathogenesis and metastasis. Exosomes hold potential as biomarkers for early bladder cancer diagnosis while also serving as targeted drug delivery vehicles to enhance treatment efficacy and mitigate adverse effects. Furthermore, exosome analyses offer insights into the complex molecular signaling networks implicated in bladder cancer progression, revealing novel therapeutic targets. This review provides a comprehensive overview of prevalent exosome isolation techniques and highlights the promising clinical utility of exosomes in both diagnostic and therapeutic applications in bladder cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yin
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cen Liufu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Ye
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Jiang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingxia Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bentao Shi
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Gupta R, Gupta J, Roy S. Exosomes: Key Players for Treatment of Cancer and Their Future Perspectives. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2024; 22:118-147. [PMID: 38407852 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2023.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reena Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Suchismita Roy
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
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12
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Yin W, Ma H, Qu Y, Wang S, Zhao R, Yang Y, Guo ZN. Targeted exosome-based nanoplatform for new-generation therapeutic strategies. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:032002. [PMID: 38471163 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, typically 30-150 nm in size, are lipid-bilayered small-membrane vesicles originating in endosomes. Exosome biogenesis is regulated by the coordination of various mechanisms whereby different cargoes (e.g. proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids) are sorted into exosomes. These components endow exosomes with bioregulatory functions related to signal transmission and intercellular communication. Exosomes exhibit substantial potential as drug-delivery nanoplatforms owing to their excellent biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. Proteins, miRNA, siRNA, mRNA, and drugs have been successfully loaded into exosomes, and these exosome-based delivery systems show satisfactory therapeutic effects in different disease models. To enable targeted drug delivery, genetic engineering and chemical modification of the lipid bilayer of exosomes are performed. Stimuli-responsive delivery nanoplatforms designed with appropriate modifications based on various stimuli allow precise control of on-demand drug delivery and can be utilized in clinical treatment. In this review, we summarize the general properties, isolation methods, characterization, biological functions, and the potential role of exosomes in therapeutic delivery systems. Moreover, the effective combination of the intrinsic advantages of exosomes and advanced bioengineering, materials science, and clinical translational technologies are required to accelerate the development of exosome-based delivery nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yin
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyin Ma
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Qu
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Siji Wang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyu Zhao
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
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13
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Omrani M, Beyrampour-Basmenj H, Jahanban-Esfahlan R, Talebi M, Raeisi M, Serej ZA, Akbar-Gharalari N, Khodakarimi S, Wu J, Ebrahimi-Kalan A. Global trend in exosome isolation and application: an update concept in management of diseases. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:679-691. [PMID: 37166542 PMCID: PMC10173230 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04756-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by various cells offer great potential for use in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. EVs are heterogeneous membranous vesicles. Exosomes are a subtype of EVs, 40-150 nm spherical vesicles with a lipid layer derived from endosomes. Exosomes, which are involved in signal transduction and maintain homeostasis, are released from almost all cells, tissues, and body fluids. Although several methods exist to isolate and characterize EVs and exosomes, each technique has significant drawbacks and limitations that prevent progress in the field. New approaches in the biology of EVs show great potential for isolating and characterizing EVs, which will help us better understand their biological function. The strengths and limitations of conventional strategies and novel methods (microfluidic) for EV isolation are outlined in this review. We also present various exosome isolation techniques and kits that are commercially available and assess the global market demand for exosome assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadhassan Omrani
- Department of Neurosciences and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hanieh Beyrampour-Basmenj
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rana Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Talebi
- Department of Neurosciences and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mortaza Raeisi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Aliyari Serej
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Naeimeh Akbar-Gharalari
- Department of Neurosciences and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sina Khodakarimi
- Department of Neurosciences and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jiaqian Wu
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Abbas Ebrahimi-Kalan
- Department of Neurosciences and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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14
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Lo KJ, Wang MH, Ho CT, Pan MH. Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A New Revolutionization of Modern Healthy Diets and Biomedical Applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2853-2878. [PMID: 38300835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) have recently emerged as a promising area of research due to their potential health benefits and biomedical applications. Produced by various plant species, these EVs contain diverse bioactive molecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Increasing in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that PDEVs have inherent pharmacological activities that affect cellular processes, exerting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities, which can potentially contribute to disease therapy and improve human health. Additionally, PDEVs have shown potential as efficient and biocompatible drug delivery vehicles in treating various diseases. However, while PDEVs serve as a potential rising star in modern healthy diets and biomedical applications, further research is needed to address their underlying knowledge gaps, especially the lack of standardized protocols for their isolation, identification, and large-scale production. Furthermore, the safety and efficacy of PDEVs in clinical applications must be thoroughly evaluated. In this review, we concisely discuss current knowledge in the PDEV field, including their characteristics, biomedical applications, and isolation methods, to provide an overview of the current state of PDEV research. Finally, we discuss the challenges regarding the current and prospective issues for PDEVs. This review is expected to provide new insights into healthy diets and biomedical applications of vegetables and fruits, inspiring new advances in natural food-based science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Jiun Lo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, United States
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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15
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Zhou X, Liu M, Sun L, Cao Y, Tan S, Luo G, Liu T, Yao Y, Xiao W, Wan Z, Tang J. Circulating small extracellular vesicles microRNAs plus CA-125 for treatment stratification in advanced ovarian cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:927. [PMID: 38129848 PMCID: PMC10740240 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No residual disease (R0 resection) after debulking surgery is the most critical independent prognostic factor for advanced ovarian cancer (AOC). There is an unmet clinical need for selecting primary or interval debulking surgery in AOC patients using existing prediction models. METHODS RNA sequencing of circulating small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) was used to discover the differential expression microRNAs (DEMs) profile between any residual disease (R0, n = 17) and no residual disease (non-R0, n = 20) in AOC patients. We further analyzed plasma samples of AOC patients collected before surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy via TaqMan qRT-PCR. The combined risk model of residual disease was developed by logistic regression analysis based on the discovery-validation sets. RESULTS Using a comprehensive plasma small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) microRNAs (miRNAs) profile in AOC, we identified and optimized a risk prediction model consisting of plasma sEVs-derived 4-miRNA and CA-125 with better performance in predicting R0 resection. Based on 360 clinical human samples, this model was constructed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and logistic regression analysis, and it has favorable calibration and discrimination ability (AUC:0.903; sensitivity:0.897; specificity:0.910; PPV:0.926; NPV:0.871). The quantitative evaluation of Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI) and Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI) suggested that the additional predictive power of the combined model was significantly improved contrasted with CA-125 or 4-miRNA alone (NRI = 0.471, IDI = 0.538, p < 0.001; NRI = 0.122, IDI = 0.185, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Overall, we established a reliable, non-invasive, and objective detection method composed of circulating tumor-derived sEVs 4-miRNA plus CA-125 to preoperatively anticipate the high-risk AOC patients of residual disease to optimize clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhou
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Mu Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang, 422000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Cao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang, 422000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanmei Tan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First People's Hospital of Huaihua, The Affiliated Huaihua Hospital of University of South China, Huaihua, 418000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxia Luo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First People's Hospital of Huaihua, The Affiliated Huaihua Hospital of University of South China, Huaihua, 418000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First People's Hospital of Changde, Changde, 415000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First People's Hospital of Yueyang, Yueyang, 414000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangli Xiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First People's Hospital of Yueyang, Yueyang, 414000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqing Wan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Address: 283 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Liao L, Wang H, Wei D, Yi M, Gu Y, Zhang M, Wang L. Exosomal microRNAs: implications in the pathogenesis and clinical applications of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1300864. [PMID: 38143562 PMCID: PMC10748509 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1300864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe acute neurological disorder with a high fatality rate. Early brain injury (EBI) and cerebral vasospasm are two critical complications of SAH that significantly contribute to poor prognosis. Currently, surgical intervention and interventional therapy are the main treatment options for SAH, but their effectiveness is limited. Exosomes, which are a type of extracellular vesicles, play a crucial role in intercellular communication and have been extensively studied in the past decade due to their potential influence on disease progression, diagnosis, and treatment. As one of the most important components of exosomes, miRNA plays both direct and indirect roles in affecting disease progression. Previous research has found that exosomal miRNA is involved in the development of various diseases, such as tumors, chronic hepatitis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and SAH. This review focuses on exploring the impact of exosomal miRNA on SAH, including its influence on neuronal apoptosis, inflammatory response, and immune activation following SAH. Furthermore, this review highlights the potential clinical applications of exosomal miRNA in the treatment of SAH. Although current research on this topic is limited and the clinical application of exosomal miRNA has inherent limitations, we aim to provide a concise summary of existing research progress and offer new insights for future research directions and trends in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishang Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Deli Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People’s Hospital of Fushun County, Zigong, China
| | - Mingliang Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People’s Hospital of Fushun County, Zigong, China
| | - Yingjiang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People’s Hospital of Fushun County, Zigong, China
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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17
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Wysor SK, Marcus RK. Quantitative Recoveries of Exosomes and Monoclonal Antibodies from Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Cultures by Use of a Single, Integrated Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography Method. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17886-17893. [PMID: 37995145 PMCID: PMC11095952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Cultured cell lines are very commonly used for the mass production of therapeutic proteins, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In particular, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines are widely employed due to their high tolerance to variations in experimental conditions and their ability to grow in suspension or serum free media. CHO cell lines are known for their ability to produce high titers of biotherapeutic products such as immunoglobulin G (IgG). An emergent alternative means of treating diseases, such as cancer, is the use of gene therapies, wherein genetic cargo is "packaged" in nanosized vesicular structures, referred to as "vectors". One particularly attractive vector option is extracellular vesicles (EVs), of which exosomes are of greatest interest. While exosomes can be harvested from virtually any human body fluid, bovine milk, or even plants, their production in cell cultures is an attractive commercial approach. In fact, the same CHO cell types employed for mAb production also produce exosomes as a natural byproduct. Here, we describe a single integrated 2D liquid chromatography (2DLC) method for the quantitative recovery of both exosomes and antibodies from a singular sample aliquot. At the heart of the method is the use of polyester capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fibers as the first dimension column, wherein exosomes/EVs are captured from the supernatant sample and subsequently determined by multiangle light scattering (MALS), while the mAbs are captured, eluted, and quantified using a protein A-modified C-CP fiber column in the second dimension, all in a 10 min workflow. These efforts demonstrate the versatility of the C-CP fiber phases with the capacity to harvest both forms of therapeutics from a single bioreactor, suggesting an appreciable potential impact in the field of biotherapeutics production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Wysor
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, United States
| | - R Kenneth Marcus
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, United States
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18
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Hossein F, Angeli P. A review of acoustofluidic separation of bioparticles. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:2005-2025. [PMID: 38192342 PMCID: PMC10771489 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Acoustofluidics is an emerging interdisciplinary research field that involves the integration of acoustics and microfluidics to address challenges in various scientific areas. This technology has proven to be a powerful tool for separating biological targets from complex fluids due to its label-free, biocompatible, and contact-free nature. Considering a careful designing process and tuning the acoustic field particles can be separated with high yield. Recently the advancement of acoustofluidics led to the development of point-of-care devices for separations of micro particles which address many of the limitations of conventional separation tools. This review article discusses the working principles and different approaches of acoustofluidic separation and provides a synopsis of its traditional and emerging applications, including the theory and mechanism of acoustofluidic separation, blood component separation, cell washing, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, circulating tumor cell isolation, and exosome isolation. The technology offers great potential for solving clinical problems and advancing scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fria Hossein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, WC1E 7JE, London, UK
| | - Panagiota Angeli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, WC1E 7JE, London, UK
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19
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Gong L, Zhou H, Zhang Y, Wang C, Fu K, Ma C, Li Y. Preparation of Phillygenin-Hyaluronic acid composite milk-derived exosomes and its anti-hepatic fibrosis effect. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100804. [PMID: 37753374 PMCID: PMC10518489 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis remains a serious problem affecting the health of millions of people worldwide. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the main effector cells in liver fibrosis and their activation could lead to extracellular matrix deposition, which may aggravate the development of liver fibrosis and inflammation. Previous studies have reported the potential of Phillygenin (PHI) as a hepatoprotective agent to inhibit HSCs activation and fibrosis development. However, the poor water solubility of PHI hinders its clinical application as a potential anti-liver fibrosis therapy. Milk-derived exosomes (mEXO) serve as scalable nanocarriers for delivering chemotherapeutic agents due to their excellent biocompatibility. Here, we developed a PHI-Hyaluronic acid (HA) composite mEXO (PHI-HA-mEXO) drug delivery system, in which DSPE-PEG2000-HA was conjugated to the surface of mEXO to prepare HA-mEXO, and PHI was encapsulated into HA-mEXO to form PHI-HA-mEXO. As a specific receptor for HA, CD44 is frequently over-expressed during liver fibrosis and highly expressed on the surface of activated HSCs (aHSCs). PHI-HA-mEXO can bind to CD44 and enter aHSCs through endocytosis and release PHI. PHI-HA-mEXO drug delivery system can significantly induce aHSCs death without affecting quiescent HSCs (qHSCs) and hepatocytes. Furthermore, we carried out in vitro and in vivo experiments and found that PHI-HA-mEXO could alleviate liver fibrosis through aHSCs-targeted mechanism. In conclusion, the favorable biosafety and superior anti-hepatic fibrosis effects suggest a promising potential of PHI-HA-mEXO in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. However, detailed pharmokinetics and dose-responsive experiments of PHI-HA-mEXO and the mechanism of mEXO loading drugs are still required before PHI-HA-mEXO can be applied clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yafang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of StandardizatAion for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of StandardizatAion for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ke Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of StandardizatAion for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of StandardizatAion for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of StandardizatAion for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
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20
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Li M, Zhai P, Mu X, Song J, Zhang H, Su J. Hypoxic BMSC-derived exosomal miR-652-3p promotes proliferation and metastasis of hepatocarcinoma cancer cells via targeting TNRC6A. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:12780-12793. [PMID: 37976119 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer microenvironment plays an important role in the proliferation and metastasis of hepatocarcinoma cancer cells (HCC). Exosomes from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are a component of the cancer microenvironment. In this study, we reveal that miRNA-652-3P from BMSC-derived exosomes promotes proliferation and metastasis in HCC. The ability of cancer proliferation, migration and invasion can be evaluated after co-culture by CCK-8, wound healing and transwell assay. Isolated exosomes were identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the biomarkers of the purified exosomes were showed in West-blotting (WB). MiR-652-3p was detected in the HepG2 and 7721 after co-culturing with exosome derived from BMSCs under different conditions. Target authentication was performed by a luciferase reporter assay to confirm the presumptive target of miR-652-3p. After overexpressing miR-652-3p, the mRNA and protein expression level of TNRC6A in HCC was examined by q-PCR and WB. Further, we observed greater miR-652-3p upregulation in hypoxic BMSCs-exosomes than in normal- exosomes. In addition, a miR-652-3p inhibitor attenuates the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells after co-culturing with BMSCs. Our data demonstrate that hypoxic BMSCs-derived exosomal miR-652-3p promotes proliferation in HCC cells by inhibiting TNRC6A. The BMSCs-derived exosomal miR-652-3p may help find patient-targeted therapies in hepatocarcinoma cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive, Shaanxi Cancer Hospital, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengtao Zhai
- Department of Minimally Invasive, Shaanxi Cancer Hospital, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xudong Mu
- Department of Minimally Invasive, Shaanxi Cancer Hospital, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juanrong Song
- Department of Minimally Invasive, Shaanxi Cancer Hospital, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huilin Zhang
- Digestive Endoscopy Treatment Center, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Gaoxin, Xi’an 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Gaoxin, Xi’an 710100, Shaanxi, China
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21
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Chen L, Xiong XY, Yao TT, Gui LN, Luo F, Du Y, Cheng Y. Blood exosome sensing via neuronal insulin-like growth factor-1 regulates autism-related phenotypes. Pharmacol Res 2023; 197:106965. [PMID: 37852341 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The development and progression of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by multiple complex molecular events, highlighting the importance of the prefrontal brain regions in this process. Exosomes are nanovesicles that play a critical role in intercellular communication. Peripheral systems influence brain function under both physiological and pathological conditions. We investigated whether this influence was mediated by the direct sensing of peripheral blood exosomes by brain cells. Administration of serum exosomes from rats with valproic acid-induced ASD resulted in ASD-related phenotypes in mice, whereas exosomes from normal rats did not exhibit such effects. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis suggested that negative regulation of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) by exosome-derived miR-29b-3p may contribute to these ASD-associated effects. Further evidence showed that miR-29b-3p-enriched exosomes crossed the blood-brain barrier to reach the mPFC, subsequently inducing the suppression of IGF-1 expression in neurons. Optogenetic activation of excitatory neurons in the mPFC improved behavioral abnormalities in exosome-treated mice. The addition of exogenous IGF-1 or inhibition of miR-29b-3p expression in the mPFC also rescued the ASD-related phenotypes in mice. Importantly, administration of miR-29b-3p-enriched serum exosomes from human donors with ASD into the mouse medial prefrontal cortex was sufficient to induce hallmark ASD behaviors. Together, our findings indicate that blood-brain cross-talk is crucial for ASD pathophysiology and that the brain may sense peripheral system changes through exosomes, which could serve as the basis for future neurological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Center on Translational Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Yue Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Tong-Tong Yao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lue-Ning Gui
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Luo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Du
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Center on Translational Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
| | - Yong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Center on Translational Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China; Institute of National Security, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
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22
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Kong F, Upadya M, Wong ASW, Dalan R, Dao M. Isolating Small Extracellular Vesicles from Small Volumes of Blood Plasma using size exclusion chromatography and density gradient ultracentrifugation: A Comparative Study. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.30.564707. [PMID: 37961562 PMCID: PMC10634961 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.30.564707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are heterogeneous biological vesicles released by cells under both physiological and pathological conditions. Due to their potential as valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in human blood, there is a pressing need to develop effective methods for isolating high-purity sEVs from the complex milieu of blood plasma, which contains abundant plasma proteins and lipoproteins. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and density gradient ultracentrifugation (DGUC) are two commonly employed isolation techniques that have shown promise in addressing this challenge. In this study, we aimed to determine the optimal combination and sequence of SEC and DGUC for isolating sEVs from small plasma volumes, in order to enhance both the efficiency and purity of the resulting isolates. To achieve this, we compared sEV isolation using two combinations: SEC-DGUC and DGUC-SEC, from unit volumes of 500 μl plasma. Both protocols successfully isolated high-purity sEVs; however, the SEC-DGUC combination yielded higher sEV protein and RNA content. We further characterized the isolated sEVs obtained from the SEC-DGUC protocol using flow cytometry and mass spectrometry to assess their quality and purity. In conclusion, the optimized SEC-DGUC protocol is efficient, highly reproducible, and well-suited for isolating high-purity sEVs from small blood volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Kong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, SINGAPORE
| | - Megha Upadya
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, SINGAPORE
| | - Andrew See Weng Wong
- Facility for Analysis, Characterisation, Testing and Simulation, Nanyang Technological University, SINGAPORE
| | - Rinkoo Dalan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, SINGAPORE
| | - Ming Dao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, SINGAPORE
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
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23
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Lee Y, Ni J, Wasinger VC, Graham P, Li Y. Comparison Study of Small Extracellular Vesicle Isolation Methods for Profiling Protein Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Liquid Biopsies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15462. [PMID: 37895140 PMCID: PMC10607056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are an important intercellular communicator, participating in all stages of cancer metastasis, immunity, and therapeutic resistance. Therefore, protein cargoes within sEVs are considered as a superior source for breast cancer (BC) biomarker discovery. Our study aimed to optimise the approach for sEV isolation and sEV proteomic analysis to identify potential sEV protein biomarkers for BC diagnosis. sEVs derived from BC cell lines, BC patients' plasma, and non-cancer controls were isolated using ultracentrifugation (UC), a Total Exosome Isolation kit (TEI), and a combined approach named UCT. In BC cell lines, the UC isolates showed a higher sEV purity and marker expression, as well as a higher number of sEV proteins. In BC plasma samples, the UCT isolates showed the highest proportion of sEV-related proteins and the lowest percentage of lipoprotein-related proteins. Our data suggest that the assessment of both the quantity and quality of sEV isolation methods is important in selecting the optimal approach for the specific sEV research purpose, depending on the sample types and downstream analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Lee
- School of Clinical Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.L.); (J.N.); (P.G.)
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Jie Ni
- School of Clinical Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.L.); (J.N.); (P.G.)
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Valerie C. Wasinger
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Peter Graham
- School of Clinical Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.L.); (J.N.); (P.G.)
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Yong Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.L.); (J.N.); (P.G.)
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia
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24
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Wandrey M, Jablonska J, Stauber RH, Gül D. Exosomes in Cancer Progression and Therapy Resistance: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2033. [PMID: 37895415 PMCID: PMC10608050 DOI: 10.3390/life13102033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of therapy resistance still represents a major hurdle in treating cancers, leading to impaired treatment success and increased patient morbidity. The establishment of minimally invasive liquid biopsies is a promising approach to improving the early diagnosis, as well as therapy monitoring, of solid tumors. Because of their manifold functions in the tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated small extracellular vesicles, referred to as exosomes, have become a subject of intense research. Besides their important roles in cancer progression, metastasis, and the immune response, it has been proposed that exosomes also contribute to the acquisition and transfer of therapy resistance, mainly by delivering functional proteins and RNAs, as well as facilitating the export of active drugs or functioning as extracellular decoys. Extensive research has focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the occurrence of resistance and translating these into strategies for early detection. With this review, we want to provide an overview of the current knowledge about the (patho-)biology of exosomes, as well as state-of-the-art methods of isolation and analysis. Furthermore, we highlight the role of exosomes in tumorigenesis and cancer treatment, where they can function as therapeutic agents, biomarkers, and/or targets. By focusing on their roles in therapy resistance, we will reveal new paths of exploiting exosomes for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madita Wandrey
- Nanobiomedicine/ENT Department, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.W.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Jadwiga Jablonska
- Translational Oncology/ENT Department, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Düsseldorf/Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Roland H. Stauber
- Nanobiomedicine/ENT Department, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.W.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Désirée Gül
- Nanobiomedicine/ENT Department, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.W.); (R.H.S.)
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25
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Toledo-Guardiola SM, Luongo C, Abril-Parreño L, Soriano-Úbeda C, Matás C. Different seminal ejaculated fractions in artificial insemination condition the protein cargo of oviductal and uterine extracellular vesicles in pig. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1231755. [PMID: 37868907 PMCID: PMC10587466 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1231755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The seminal plasma (SP) is the liquid component of semen that facilitates sperm transport through the female genital tract. SP modulates the activity of the ovary, oviductal environment and uterine function during the periovulatory and early pregnancy period. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted in the oviduct (oEVs) and uterus (uEVs) have been shown to influence the expression of endometrial genes that regulate fertilization and early embryo development. In some species, semen is composed of well-separated fractions that vary in concentration of spermatozoa and SP composition and volume. This study aimed to investigate the impact of different accumulative fractions of the porcine ejaculate (F1, composed of the sperm-rich fraction, SRF; F2, composed of F1 plus the intermediate fraction; F3, composed of F2 plus the post-SRF) on oEVs and uEVs protein cargo. Six days after the onset of estrus, we determined the oEVs and uEVs size and protein concentration in pregnant sows by artificial insemination (AI-sows) and in non-inseminated sows as control (C-sows). We also identified the main proteins in oEVs and uEVs, in AI-F1, AI-F2, AI-F3, and C-sows. Our results indicated that although the size of EVs is similar between AI- and C-sows, the protein concentration of both oEVs and uEVs was significantly lower in AI-sows (p < 0.05). Proteomic analysis identified 38 unique proteins in oEVs from AI-sows, mainly involved in protein stabilization, glycolytic and carbohydrate processes. The uEVs from AI-sows showed the presence of 43 unique proteins, including already-known fertility-related proteins (EZR, HSPAA901, PDS). We also demonstrated that the protein composition of oEVs and uEVs differed depending on the seminal fraction(s) inseminated (F1, F2, or F3). In conclusion, we found specific protein cargo in oEVs and uEVs according to the type of semen fraction the sow was inseminated with and whose functions these specific EVs proteins are closely associated with reproductive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Toledo-Guardiola
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Excelencia Mare Nostrum Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - C. Luongo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Excelencia Mare Nostrum Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - L. Abril-Parreño
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Excelencia Mare Nostrum Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - C. Soriano-Úbeda
- Departamento de Medicina, Cirugía y Anatomía Veterinaria, Universidad de Léon, León, Spain
| | - C. Matás
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Excelencia Mare Nostrum Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Pascual Parrilla (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
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Sall IM, Flaviu TA. Plant and mammalian-derived extracellular vesicles: a new therapeutic approach for the future. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1215650. [PMID: 37781539 PMCID: PMC10534050 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1215650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In recent years, extracellular vesicles have been recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication through the transfer of active biomolecules (proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) across the plant and animal kingdoms and have considerable roles in several physiological and pathological mechanisms, showing great promise as new therapeutic strategies for a variety of pathologies. Methods: In this study, we carefully reviewed the numerous articles published over the last few decades on the general knowledge of extracellular vesicles, their application in the therapy of various pathologies, and their prospects as an approach for the future. Results: The recent discovery and characterization of extracellular vesicles (EVs) of diverse origins and biogenesis have altered the current paradigm of intercellular communication, opening up new diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives. Research into these EVs released by plant and mammalian cells has revealed their involvement in a number of physiological and pathological mechanisms, such as embryonic development, immune response, tissue regeneration, and cancer. They are also being studied as potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis and vectors for drug delivery. Conclusion: Nanovesicles represent powerful tools for intercellular communication and the transfer of bioactive molecules. Their molecular composition and functions can vary according to their origin (plant and mammalian), so their formation, composition, and biological roles open the way to therapeutic applications in a variety of pathologies, which is arousing growing interest in the scientific community. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03608631.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tabaran Alexandru Flaviu
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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27
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Li Z, Lei Z, Cai Y, Cheng DB, Sun T. MicroRNA therapeutics and nucleic acid nano-delivery systems in bacterial infection: a review. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7804-7833. [PMID: 37539650 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00694h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria that have worked with humans for thousands of years pose a major threat to human health even today, as drug resistance has become a prominent problem. Compared to conventional drug therapy, nucleic acid-based therapies are a promising and potential therapeutic strategy for diseases in which nucleic acids are delivered through a nucleic acid delivery system to regulate gene expression in specific cells, offering the possibility of curing intractable diseases that are difficult to treat at this stage. Among the many nucleic acid therapeutic ideas, microRNA, a class of small nucleic acids with special properties, has made great strides in biology and medicine in just over two decades, showing promise in preclinical drug development. In this review, we introduce recent advances in nucleic acid delivery systems and their clinical applications, highlighting the potential of nucleic acid therapies, especially miRNAs extracted from traditional herbs, in combination with the existing set of nucleic acid therapeutic systems, to potentially open up a new line of thought in the treatment of cancer, viruses, and especially bacterial infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Hospital of Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhixin Lei
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Hospital of Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yilun Cai
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Hospital of Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Dong-Bing Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Hospital of Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Taolei Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Hospital of Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
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28
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Das K, Paul S, Mukherjee T, Ghosh A, Sharma A, Shankar P, Gupta S, Keshava S, Parashar D. Beyond Macromolecules: Extracellular Vesicles as Regulators of Inflammatory Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:1963. [PMID: 37566042 PMCID: PMC10417494 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the defense mechanism of the immune system against harmful stimuli such as pathogens, toxic compounds, damaged cells, radiation, etc., and is characterized by tissue redness, swelling, heat generation, pain, and loss of tissue functions. Inflammation is essential in the recruitment of immune cells at the site of infection, which not only aids in the elimination of the cause, but also initiates the healing process. However, prolonged inflammation often brings about several chronic inflammatory disorders; hence, a balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory responses is essential in order to eliminate the cause while producing the least damage to the host. A growing body of evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a major role in cell-cell communication via the transfer of bioactive molecules in the form of proteins, lipids, DNA, RNAs, miRNAs, etc., between the cells. The present review provides a brief classification of the EVs followed by a detailed description of how EVs contribute to the pathogenesis of various inflammation-associated diseases and their implications as a therapeutic measure. The latter part of the review also highlights how EVs act as a bridging entity in blood coagulation disorders and associated inflammation. The findings illustrated in the present review may open a new therapeutic window to target EV-associated inflammatory responses, thereby minimizing the negative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Das
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Subhojit Paul
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India; (S.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Tanmoy Mukherjee
- School of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA;
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India; (S.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Anshul Sharma
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;
| | - Prem Shankar
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India;
| | - Shiva Keshava
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Deepak Parashar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Shi Y, Zhao Z, He X, Luo J, Chen T, Xi Q, Zhang Y, Sun J. The Characteristic Function of Blood-Derived Exosomes and Exosomal circRNAs Isolated from Dairy Cattle during the Dry Period and Mid-Lactation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12166. [PMID: 37569544 PMCID: PMC10419012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are key mediators of intercellular communication. They are secreted by most cells and contain a cargo of protein-coding genes, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), which modulate recipient cell behavior. Herein, we collected blood samples from Holstein cows at days 30 (mid-lactation) and 250 (dry period) of pregnancy. Prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estrogen, and progesterone levels showed an obvious increase during D250. We then extracted exosomes from bovine blood samples and found that their sizes generally ranged from 100 to 200 nm. Further, Western blotting validated that they contained CD9, CD63, and TSG101, but not calnexin. Blood-derived exosomes significantly promoted the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells, particularly from D250. This change was accompanied by increased expression levels of proliferation marker proteins PCNA, cyclin D, and cyclin E, as detected by EdU assay, cell counting kit-8 assay, and flow cytometric cell cycle analysis. Moreover, we treated mammary epithelial cells with blood-derived exosomes that were isolated from the D30 and D250 periods. And RNA-seq of two groups of cells led to the identification of 839 differentially expressed genes that were significantly enriched in KEGG signaling pathways associated with apoptosis, cell cycle and proliferation. In bovine blood-derived exosomes, we found 12,747 protein-coding genes, 31,181 lncRNAs, 9374 transcripts of uncertain coding potential (TUCP) candidates, and 460 circRNAs, and 32 protein-coding genes, 806 lncRNAs, 515 TUCP candidates, and 45 circRNAs that were differentially expressed between the D30 and D250 groups. We selected six highly expressed and four differentially expressed circRNAs to verify their head-to-tail splicing using PCR and Sanger sequencing. To summarize, our findings improve our understanding of the key roles of blood-derived exosomes and the characterization of exosomal circRNAs in mammary gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yongliang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.S.); (Z.Z.); (X.H.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (Q.X.)
| | - Jiajie Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.S.); (Z.Z.); (X.H.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (Q.X.)
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Kaur S, Nathani A, Singh M. Exosomal delivery of cannabinoids against cancer. Cancer Lett 2023; 566:216243. [PMID: 37257632 PMCID: PMC10426019 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from endosomes that play a role in cellular communication. These vesicles which mimic the parental cells that release them are promising candidates for targeted drug delivery and therapeutic applications against cancer because of their favorable biocompatibility, specific targeting, low toxicity, and immunogenicity. Currently, Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and other cannabinoids (e.g., CBG, THCV, CBC), are being explored for their anticancer and anti-proliferative properties. Several mechanisms, including cell cycle arrest, proliferation inhibition, activation of autophagy and apoptosis, inhibition of adhesion, metastasis, and angiogenesis have been proposed for their anticancer activity. EVs could be engineered as cannabinoid delivery systems for tumor-specificity leading to superior anticancer effects. This review discusses current techniques for EV isolation from various sources, characterization and strategies to load them with cannabinoids. More extensively, we culminate information available on different sources of EVs that have anticancer activity, mechanism of action of cannabinoids against various wild type and resistant tumors and role of CBD in histone modifications and cancer epigenetics. We have also enumerated the role of EVs containing cannabinoids against various tumors and in chemotherapy induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhmandeep Kaur
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Aakash Nathani
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Mandip Singh
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA.
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Aguilar MA, Ebanks S, Markus H, Lewis MM, Midya V, Vrana K, Huang X, Hall MA, Kawasawa YI. Neuronally enriched microvesicle RNAs are differentially expressed in the serums of Parkinson's patients. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1145923. [PMID: 37483339 PMCID: PMC10357515 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1145923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating small RNAs (smRNAs) originate from diverse tissues and organs. Previous studies investigating smRNAs as potential biomarkers for Parkinson's disease (PD) have yielded inconsistent results. We investigated whether smRNA profiles from neuronally-enriched serum exosomes and microvesicles are altered in PD patients and discriminate PD subjects from controls. Methods Demographic, clinical, and serum samples were obtained from 60 PD subjects and 40 age- and sex-matched controls. Exosomes and microvesicles were extracted and isolated using a validated neuronal membrane marker (CD171). Sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were used to identify differentially expressed smRNAs in PD and control samples. SmRNAs also were tested for association with clinical metrics. Logistic regression and random forest classification models evaluated the discriminative value of the smRNAs. Results In serum CD171 enriched exosomes and microvesicles, a panel of 29 smRNAs was expressed differentially between PD and controls (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05). Among the smRNAs, 23 were upregulated and 6 were downregulated in PD patients. Pathway analysis revealed links to cellular proliferation regulation and signaling. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator adjusted for the multicollinearity of these smRNAs and association tests to clinical parameters via linear regression did not yield significant results. Univariate logistic regression models showed that four smRNAs achieved an AUC ≥ 0.74 to discriminate PD subjects from controls. The random forest model had an AUC of 0.942 for the 29 smRNA panel. Conclusion CD171-enriched exosomes and microvesicles contain the differential expression of smRNAs between PD and controls. Future studies are warranted to follow up on the findings and understand the scientific and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris A. Aguilar
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Shauna Ebanks
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Havell Markus
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Mechelle M. Lewis
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Vishal Midya
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kent Vrana
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Molly A. Hall
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
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Mohankumar A, Rajan M. Role of hyaluronidase as an adjuvant in local anesthesia for cataract surgery. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:2649-2655. [PMID: 37417102 PMCID: PMC10491076 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2515_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cataract surgery ranks among the commonest procedures performed worldwide. Approximately 51% of blindness worldwide is related to cataracts, affecting about 65.2 million people worldwide and more so in developing countries. Over the years, there has been a significant evolution in the surgical techniques of cataract extraction. The advancement in phacoemulsification machines, phaco-tips, and the availability of ophthalmic viscoelastic devices have played a substantial role in cataract surgery such that they are faster and more controlled than before. Similarly, anesthetic techniques in cataract surgery have advanced significantly from retrobulbar, peribulbar, and sub-Tenon's blocks to topical anesthesia. Though topical anesthesia eliminates the possible complications of injectable anesthesia, it is not suitable for use in uncooperative, anxious patients, pediatric age groups, and patients with cognitive disabilities. Hyaluronidase is an enzyme that breaks down hyaluronic acid in the retrobulbar tissue, facilitating uniform diffusion of the anesthetic drug and hastening the onset of anesthesia and akinesia. Hyaluronidase has been used in the last 80 years successfully as an adjuvant in retrobulbar, peribulbar, and sub-Tenon's blocks. Initially, the hyaluronidase enzyme was animal-derived and of bovine and ovine sources. Recombinant human-derived hyaluronidase, which has lesser allergic reactions, impurities, and toxicity, is now available. There is conflicting evidence regarding the efficacy of hyaluronidase as an adjuvant in retrobulbar and peribulbar blocks. This article summarizes a brief review of the literature on the role of hyaluronidase as an adjuvant in local anesthetic blocks in ophthalmic surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthi Mohankumar
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Rajan Eye Care Hospital Pvt Ltd, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohan Rajan
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Rajan Eye Care Hospital Pvt Ltd, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Agborbesong E, Bissler J, Li X. Liquid Biopsy at the Frontier of Kidney Diseases: Application of Exosomes in Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1367. [PMID: 37510273 PMCID: PMC10379367 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, liquid biopsy techniques, especially the use of urine analysis, represent a paradigm shift in the identification of biomarkers, with considerable implications for clinical practice in the field of nephrology. In kidney diseases, the use of this non-invasive tool to identify specific and sensitive biomarkers other than plasma creatinine and the glomerular filtration rate is becoming crucial for the diagnosis and assessment of a patient's condition. In recent years, studies have drawn attention to the importance of exosomes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in kidney diseases. Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles with a lipid bilayer structure, composed of a variety of biologically active substances. In the context of kidney diseases, studies have demonstrated that exosomes are valuable carriers of information and are delivery vectors, rendering them appealing candidates as biomarkers and drug delivery vehicles with beneficial therapeutic outcomes for kidney diseases. This review summarizes the applications of exosomes in kidney diseases, emphasizing the current biomarkers of renal diseases identified from urinary exosomes and the therapeutic applications of exosomes with reference to drug delivery and immunomodulation. Finally, we discuss the challenges encountered when using exosomes for therapeutic purposes and how these may affect its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewud Agborbesong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - John Bissler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Pediatric Medicine Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Surappa S, Multani P, Parlatan U, Sinawang PD, Kaifi J, Akin D, Demirci U. Integrated "lab-on-a-chip" microfluidic systems for isolation, enrichment, and analysis of cancer biomarkers. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2942-2958. [PMID: 37314731 PMCID: PMC10834032 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01076c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The liquid biopsy has garnered considerable attention as a complementary clinical tool for the early detection, molecular characterization and monitoring of cancer over the past decade. In contrast to traditional solid biopsy techniques, liquid biopsy offers a less invasive and safer alternative for routine cancer screening. Recent advances in microfluidic technologies have enabled handling of liquid biopsy-derived biomarkers with high sensitivity, throughput, and convenience. The integration of these multi-functional microfluidic technologies into a 'lab-on-a-chip' offers a powerful solution for processing and analyzing samples on a single platform, thereby reducing the complexity, bio-analyte loss and cross-contamination associated with multiple handling and transfer steps in more conventional benchtop workflows. This review critically addresses recent developments in integrated microfluidic technologies for cancer detection, highlighting isolation, enrichment, and analysis strategies for three important sub-types of cancer biomarkers: circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA and exosomes. We first discuss the unique characteristics and advantages of the various lab-on-a-chip technologies developed to operate on each biomarker subtype. This is then followed by a discussion on the challenges and opportunities in the field of integrated systems for cancer detection. Ultimately, integrated microfluidic platforms form the core of a new class of point-of-care diagnostic tools by virtue of their ease-of-operation, portability and high sensitivity. Widespread availability of such tools could potentially result in more frequent and convenient screening for early signs of cancer at clinical labs or primary care offices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushruta Surappa
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Priyanka Multani
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Ugur Parlatan
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Prima Dewi Sinawang
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jussuf Kaifi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Demir Akin
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
- Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence for Translational Diagnostics (CCNE-TD), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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Efimova AS, Antipenko ID, Evtushenko EA, Balan PV, Tonevitskaya SA. Effect of IGFBP6 Knockdown on Proteins Regulating Exosome Synthesis and Secretion in MDA-MB-231 Cell Line. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023:10.1007/s10517-023-05828-9. [PMID: 37336811 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
One of the potential causes of cancer recurrence is disruption of the cell-cell communication in the primary tumors that is realized, among other things, through secretion and uptake of exosomes by cells. Low expression of the IGFBP6 gene (insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6) is associated with a high recurrence rate and can serve as a prognostic marker of luminal breast cancer. The knockdown of the IGFBP6 gene leads to significant changes in lipid metabolism. We performed a quantitative analysis of both exosomes and proteins involved in the mechanism of their biogenesis. Changes in the expression profile of mRNAs and their proteins responsible for the synthesis and secretion of exosomes were revealed. We showed a decrease in the expression of the of the VPS28 gene mRNA (vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 28) and the corresponding protein by 2.3 and 5.6 times, respectively. The secretion of exosomes by MDA-MB-231 cells with IGFBP6 knockdown decreased by 2 times. We discussed a mechanism of disruption of cell-cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Efimova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnologies, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.
| | - I D Antipenko
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnologies, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - E A Evtushenko
- Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - P V Balan
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnologies, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - S A Tonevitskaya
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnologies, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
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Viglianisi G, Santonocito S, Polizzi A, Troiano G, Amato M, Zhurakivska K, Pesce P, Isola G. Impact of Circulating Cell-Free DNA (cfDNA) as a Biomarker of the Development and Evolution of Periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9981. [PMID: 37373135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been shown to have an important role in cell apoptosis or necrosis, including in the development and evolution of several tumors and inflammatory diseases in humans. In this regard, periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease that can induce the destruction of supporting components of the teeth, could represent a chronic inflammatory stimulus linked to a various range of systemic inflammatory diseases. Recently, a possible correlation between periodontal disease and cfDNA has been shown, representing new important diagnostic-therapeutic perspectives. During the development of periodontitis, cfDNA is released in biological fluids such as blood, saliva, urine and other body fluids and represents an important index of inflammation. Due to the possibility of withdrawing some of these liquids in a non-invasive way, cfDNA could be used as a possible biomarker for periodontal disease. In addition, discovering a proportional relationship between cfDNA levels and the severity of periodontitis, expressed through the disease extent, could open the prospect of using cfDNA as a possible therapeutic target. The aim of this article is to report what researchers have discovered in recent years about circulating cfDNA in the development, evolution and therapy of periodontitis. The analyzed literature review shows that cfDNA has considerable potential as a diagnostic, therapeutic biomarker and therapeutic target in periodontal disease; however, further studies are needed for cfDNA to be used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Viglianisi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Santonocito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Amato
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Khrystyna Zhurakivska
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Paolo Pesce
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Ospedale S. Martino, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
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Bhatia R, Chang J, Munoz JL, Walker ND. Forging New Therapeutic Targets: Efforts of Tumor Derived Exosomes to Prepare the Pre-Metastatic Niche for Cancer Cell Dissemination and Dormancy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1614. [PMID: 37371709 PMCID: PMC10295689 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes play a multifaceted role in preparing the pre-metastatic niche, promoting cancer dissemination, and regulating cancer cell dormancy. A brief review of three types of cells implicated in metastasis and an overview of other types of extracellular vesicles related to metastasis are described. A central focus of this review is on how exosomes influence cancer progression throughout metastatic disease. Exosomes are crucial mediators of intercellular communication by transferring their cargo to recipient cells, modulating their behavior, and promoting tumor pro-gression. First, their functional role in cancer cell dissemination in the peripheral blood by facilitating the establishment of a pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory niche is described during organotro-pism and in lymphatic-mediated metastasis. Second, tumor-derived exosomes can transfer molecular signals that induce cell cycle arrest, dormancy, and survival pathways in disseminated cells, promoting a dormant state are reviewed. Third, several studies highlight exosome involvement in maintaining cellular dormancy in the bone marrow endosteum. Finally, the clinical implications of exosomes as biomarkers or diagnostic tools for cancer progression are also outlined. Understanding the complex interplay between tumor-derived exosomes and the pre-metastatic niche is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies to target metastasis and prevent cancer recurrence. To that end, several examples of how exosomes or other nanocarriers are used as a drug delivery system to inhibit cancer metastasis are discussed. Strategies are discussed to alter exosome cargo content for better loading capacity or direct cell targeting by integrins. Further, pre-clinical models or Phase I clinical trials implementing exosomes or other nanocarriers to attack metastatic cancer cells are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranvir Bhatia
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joanna Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Jessian L Munoz
- Division of Perinatal Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nykia D Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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Tengler L, Schütz J, Tiedtke M, Jablonska J, Theodoraki MN, Nitschke K, Weiß C, Seiz E, Affolter A, Jungbauer F, Lammert A, Rotter N, Ludwig S. Plasma-derived small extracellular vesicles unleash the angiogenic potential in head and neck cancer patients. Mol Med 2023; 29:69. [PMID: 37226100 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00659-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Head and neck cancer (HNC) angiogenesis is essential for tumor progression and metastasis. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from HNC cell lines alter endothelial cell (EC) functions towards a pro-angiogenic phenotype. However, the role of plasma sEVs retrieved from HNC patients in this process is not clear so far. METHODS Plasma sEVs were isolated on size exclusion chromatography columns from 32 HNC patients (early-stage UICC I/II: 8, advanced-stage UICC III/IV: 24), 12 patients with no evident disease after therapy (NED) and 16 healthy donors (HD). Briefly, sEVs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), BCA protein assays and Western blots. Levels of angiogenesis-associated proteins were determined using antibody arrays. The interaction of fluorescently-labeled sEVs with human umbilical vein ECs was visualized by confocal microscopy. The functional effect of sEVs on tubulogenesis, migration, proliferation and apoptosis of ECs was assessed. RESULTS The internalization of sEVs by ECs was visualized using confocal microscopy. Based on antibody arrays, all plasma sEVs were enriched in anti-angiogenic proteins. HNC sEVs contained more pro-angiogenic MMP-9 and anti-angiogenic proteins (Serpin F1) than HD sEVs. Interestingly, a strong inhibition of EC function was observed for sEVs from early-stage HNC, NED and HD. In contrast, sEVs from advanced-stage HNC showed a significantly increased tubulogenesis, migration and proliferation and induced less apoptosis in ECs than sEVs from HD. CONCLUSIONS In general, plasma sEVs carry a predominantly anti-angiogenic protein cargo and suppress the angiogenic properties of ECs, while sEVs from (advanced-stage) HNC patients induce angiogenesis compared to HD sEVs. Thus, tumor-derived sEVs within the plasma of HNC patients might shift the angiogenic switch towards angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Tengler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julia Schütz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Moritz Tiedtke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jadwiga Jablonska
- Translational Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marie-Nicole Theodoraki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katja Nitschke
- Department of Urology and Urosurgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christel Weiß
- Department of Medical Statistics and Biomathematics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elena Seiz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Annette Affolter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frederic Jungbauer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne Lammert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nicole Rotter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sonja Ludwig
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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Małys MS, Köller MC, Papp K, Aigner C, Dioso D, Mucher P, Schachner H, Bonelli M, Haslacher H, Rees AJ, Kain R. Small extracellular vesicles are released ex vivo from platelets into serum and from residual blood cells into stored plasma. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e88. [PMID: 38938276 PMCID: PMC11080719 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) purified from blood have great potential clinically as biomarkers for systemic disease; however interpretation is complicated by release of sEV ex vivo after blood taking. To quantify the problem and devise ways to minimise it, we characterised sEV in paired serum, plasma and platelet poor plasma (PPP) samples from healthy donors. Immunoblotting showed twofold greater abundance of CD9 in sEV fractions from fresh serum than from fresh plasma or PPP. MACSPlex confirmed this, and showed that proteins expressed on platelet sEV, either exclusively (CD41b, CD42a and CD62P) or more widely (HLA-ABC, CD24, CD29 and CD31) were also twofold more abundant; by contrast non-platelet proteins (including CD81) were no different. Storage of plasma (but not serum) increased abundance of platelet and selected leukocyte sEV proteins to at least that of serum, and this could be recapitulated by activating cells in fresh plasma by Ca2+, an effect abrogated in PPP. This suggests that a substantial proportion of sEV in serum and stored plasma were generated ex vivo, which is not the case for fresh plasma or PPP. Thus we provide strategies to minimise ex vivo sEV generation and criteria for identifying those that were present in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristin Papp
- Department of PathologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Christof Aigner
- Department of PathologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and DialysisMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Daffodil Dioso
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of RheumatologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Patrick Mucher
- Department of Laboratory MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Helga Schachner
- Department of PathologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Michael Bonelli
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of RheumatologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Helmuth Haslacher
- Department of Laboratory MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Andrew J. Rees
- Department of PathologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Renate Kain
- Department of PathologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
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Zhang Q, Jeppesen DK, Higginbotham JN, Franklin JL, Coffey RJ. Comprehensive isolation of extracellular vesicles and nanoparticles. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:1462-1487. [PMID: 36914899 PMCID: PMC10445291 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing appreciation for the heterogeneous nature of extracellular vesicles (EVs). In addition, two nonvesicular extracellular nanoparticles (NVEPs), exomeres and supermeres, have been discovered recently that are enriched in many cargo previously ascribed to EVs. The EV field has largely focused on EV isolation and characterization, while studies on NVEPs are limited. At this juncture, it is critically important to have robust and reliable methods to separate distinct populations of EVs and NVEPs to assign cargo to their correct carrier. Here, we provide a comprehensive step-by-step protocol for sequential isolation of large and small EVs, nonvesicular fractions, exomeres and supermeres from the same starting material. We describe in detail the use of differential ultracentrifugation, filtration, concentration and high-resolution density-gradient fractionation to obtain purified fractions of distinct populations of EVs and NVEPs. This protocol allows assignment and enrichment of a biomolecule of interest to its specific extracellular compartment. Compared to other isolation methods, our protocol has unique advantages, including high purity and reproducibility, with minimal expertise required. The protocol can be applied to purification of EVs and NVEPs from cell culture medium and human plasma and requires ~72 h to complete. Adoption of this protocol will help translational investigators identify potential circulating biomarkers and therapeutic targets for a host of human diseases and allow basic scientists to better understand EV and NVEP biogenesis and function. Overall, this protocol will allow those interested in isolating EVs and extracellular particles to advance scientific inquiry to answer outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dennis K Jeppesen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James N Higginbotham
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Franklin
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Contreras H, Alarcón-Zapata P, Nova-Lamperti E, Ormazabal V, Varas-Godoy M, Salomon C, Zuniga FA. Comparative study of size exclusion chromatography for isolation of small extracellular vesicle from cell-conditioned media, plasma, urine, and saliva. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2023.1146772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted from all types of cells and are involved in the trafficking of proteins, metabolites, and genetic material from cell to cell. According to their biogenesis and physical properties, EVs are often classified as small EVs (including exosomes) or large EVs, and large oncosomes. A variety of methods are used for isolated EVs; however, they have several limitations, including vesicle deformation, reduced particle yield, and co-isolate protein contaminants. Here we present an optimized fast and low-cost methodology to isolate small EVs (30–150 nm) from biological fluids comparing two SEC stationary phases, G200/120 and G200/140 columns.Methods: The optimization parameters considered were a) the selection of the stationary phase, b) the eluate volume per fraction, and c) the selection of the enriched 30–150 nm EVs-fractions. The efficiency and separation profile of each UF/SEC fraction was evaluated by Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), flow cytometry, total protein quantification, and Western blot.Results: Both columns can isolate predominantly small EVs with low protein contaminants from plasma, urine, saliva, and HEK293-derived EV from collection medium. Column G200/ 40 offers a more homogeneous enrichment of vesicles between 30 and 150 nm than G200/120 [76.1 ± 4.4% with an average size of 85.9 ± 3.6 nm (Mode: 72.8 nm)] in the EV collection medium. The enrichment, estimated as the vesicle-to-protein ratio, was 1.3 × 1010 particles/mg protein for G200/40, obtaining a more significant EVs enrichment compared to G200/120. The optimized method delivers 0.8 ml of an EVs-enriched-outcome, taking only 30 min per sample. Using plasma, the enrichment of small EVs from the optimized method was 70.5 ± 0.18%, with an average size of 119.4 ± 6.9 nm (Mode: 120.3 nm), and the enrichment of the vesicle isolation was 4.8 × 1011 particles/mg protein. The average size of urine and saliva -EVs samples was 147.5 ± 3.4 and 111.9 ± 2.5 nm, respectively. All the small EVs isolated from the samples exhibit the characteristic cup-shaped morphology observed by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Discussion: This study suggests that the combination of methods is a robust, fast, and improved strategy for isolating small EVs.
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Jalaludin I, Lubman DM, Kim J. A guide to mass spectrometric analysis of extracellular vesicle proteins for biomarker discovery. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:844-872. [PMID: 34747512 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes (small extracellular vesicles) in living organisms play an important role in processes such as cell proliferation or intercellular communication. Recently, exosomes have been extensively investigated for biomarker discoveries for various diseases. An important aspect of exosome analysis involves the development of enrichment methods that have been introduced for successful isolation of exosomes. These methods include ultracentrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, polyethylene glycol-based precipitation, immunoaffinity-based enrichment, ultrafiltration, and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation among others. To confirm the presence of exosomes, various characterization methods have been utilized such as Western blot analysis, atomic force microscopy, electron microscopy, optical methods, zeta potential, visual inspection, and mass spectrometry. Recent advances in high-resolution separations, high-performance mass spectrometry and comprehensive proteome databases have all contributed to the successful analysis of exosomes from patient samples. Herein we review various exosome enrichment methods, characterization methods, and recent trends of exosome investigations using mass spectrometry-based approaches for biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Jalaludin
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - David M Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeongkwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Dwivedi M, Ghosh D, Saha A, Hasan S, Jindal D, Yadav H, Yadava A, Dwivedi M. Biochemistry of exosomes and their theranostic potential in human diseases. Life Sci 2023; 315:121369. [PMID: 36639052 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are classified as special extracellular vesicles in the eukaryotic system having diameters ranging from 30 to 120 nm. These vesicles carry various endogenous molecules including DNA, mRNA, microRNA, circular RNA, and proteins, crucial for numerous metabolic reactions and can be proposed as therapeutic or diagnostic targets for several disorders. The donor exosomes release their content to recipient cells and further establish the significant intercellular communication showing biological effects by triggering environmental alterations. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal and dendritic cells have demonstrated their therapeutic potential against organ injury. Yet, various intricacies are involved in exosomal transport and its inclusion in cancer and other disease pathogenesis needs to be explored. The exosomes represent profound potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic carriers in various pathophysiological conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, chronic cancers, infectious diseases, female reproductive diseases and cardiovascular diseases. In the current study, we demonstrate the advancements in the implication of exosomes as one of the irrefutable prognostic biological targets in human health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Dwivedi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226028, India.
| | - Diya Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anwesha Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Saba Hasan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226028, India
| | - Divya Jindal
- Center for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Hitendra Yadav
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226028, India
| | - Anuradha Yadava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226028, India
| | - Medha Dwivedi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226028, India
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Cano A, Esteban-de-Antonio E, Bernuz M, Puerta R, García-González P, de Rojas I, Olivé C, Pérez-Cordón A, Montrreal L, Núñez-Llaves R, Sotolongo-Grau Ó, Alarcón-Martín E, Valero S, Alegret M, Martín E, Martino-Adami PV, Ettcheto M, Camins A, Vivas A, Gomez-Chiari M, Tejero MÁ, Orellana A, Tárraga L, Marquié M, Ramírez A, Martí M, Pividori MI, Boada M, Ruíz A. Plasma extracellular vesicles reveal early molecular differences in amyloid positive patients with early-onset mild cognitive impairment. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:54. [PMID: 36788617 PMCID: PMC9930227 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01793-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the clinical course of Alzheimer's disease (AD) development, the dementia phase is commonly preceded by a prodromal AD phase, which is mainly characterized by reaching the highest levels of Aβ and p-tau-mediated neuronal injury and a mild cognitive impairment (MCI) clinical status. Because of that, most AD cases are diagnosed when neuronal damage is already established and irreversible. Therefore, a differential diagnosis of MCI causes in these prodromal stages is one of the greatest challenges for clinicians. Blood biomarkers are emerging as desirable tools for pre-screening purposes, but the current results are still being analyzed and much more data is needed to be implemented in clinical practice. Because of that, plasma extracellular vesicles (pEVs) are gaining popularity as a new source of biomarkers for the early stages of AD development. To identify an exosome proteomics signature linked to prodromal AD, we performed a cross-sectional study in a cohort of early-onset MCI (EOMCI) patients in which 184 biomarkers were measured in pEVs, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and plasma samples using multiplex PEA technology of Olink© proteomics. The obtained results showed that proteins measured in pEVs from EOMCI patients with established amyloidosis correlated with CSF p-tau181 levels, brain ventricle volume changes, brain hyperintensities, and MMSE scores. In addition, the correlations of pEVs proteins with different parameters distinguished between EOMCI Aβ( +) and Aβ(-) patients, whereas the CSF or plasma proteome did not. In conclusion, our findings suggest that pEVs may be able to provide information regarding the initial amyloidotic changes of AD. Circulating exosomes may acquire a pathological protein signature of AD before raw plasma, becoming potential biomarkers for identifying subjects at the earliest stages of AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Cano
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - International University of Catalunya (UIC), C/Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029, Barcelona, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ester Esteban-de-Antonio
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - International University of Catalunya (UIC), C/Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Bernuz
- Grup de Sensors I Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Raquel Puerta
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - International University of Catalunya (UIC), C/Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo García-González
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - International University of Catalunya (UIC), C/Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar de Rojas
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - International University of Catalunya (UIC), C/Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Olivé
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - International University of Catalunya (UIC), C/Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Pérez-Cordón
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - International University of Catalunya (UIC), C/Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Montrreal
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - International University of Catalunya (UIC), C/Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Núñez-Llaves
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - International University of Catalunya (UIC), C/Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Óscar Sotolongo-Grau
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - International University of Catalunya (UIC), C/Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Alarcón-Martín
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - International University of Catalunya (UIC), C/Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Valero
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - International University of Catalunya (UIC), C/Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Alegret
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - International University of Catalunya (UIC), C/Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elvira Martín
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - International University of Catalunya (UIC), C/Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pamela V Martino-Adami
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Camins
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Assumpta Vivas
- Departament de Diagnòstic Per La Imatge, Clínica Corachan, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Gomez-Chiari
- Departament de Diagnòstic Per La Imatge, Clínica Corachan, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Adelina Orellana
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - International University of Catalunya (UIC), C/Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluís Tárraga
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - International University of Catalunya (UIC), C/Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Marquié
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - International University of Catalunya (UIC), C/Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Ramírez
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Glenn, Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mercè Martí
- Grup de Sensors I Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - María Isabel Pividori
- Grup de Sensors I Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Biosensing and Bioanalysis Group, Institut de Biotecnologia I de Biomedicina (IBB-UAB), Mòdul B Parc de Recerca UAB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - International University of Catalunya (UIC), C/Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín Ruíz
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - International University of Catalunya (UIC), C/Marquès de Sentmenat, 57, 08029, Barcelona, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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45
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Panero AJ, Everts PA, Nakagawa H, Sussman W, Qin X. Basic Science of Allograft Orthobiologics. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2023; 34:49-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Goss DM, Vasilescu SA, Sacks G, Gardner DK, Warkiani ME. Microfluidics facilitating the use of small extracellular vesicles in innovative approaches to male infertility. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:66-95. [PMID: 36348030 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00660-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sperm are transcriptionally and translationally quiescent and, therefore, rely on the seminal plasma microenvironment for function, survival and fertilization of the oocyte in the oviduct. The male reproductive system influences sperm function via the binding and fusion of secreted epididymal (epididymosomes) and prostatic (prostasomes) small extracellular vesicles (S-EVs) that facilitate the transfer of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids to sperm. Seminal plasma S-EVs have important roles in sperm maturation, immune and oxidative stress protection, capacitation, fertilization and endometrial implantation and receptivity. Supplementing asthenozoospermic samples with normospermic-derived S-EVs can improve sperm motility and S-EV microRNAs can be used to predict non-obstructive azoospermia. Thus, S-EV influence on sperm physiology might have both therapeutic and diagnostic potential; however, the isolation of pure populations of S-EVs from bodily fluids with current conventional methods presents a substantial hurdle. Many conventional techniques lack accuracy, effectiveness, and practicality; yet microfluidic technology has the potential to simplify and improve S-EV isolation and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale M Goss
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- IVF Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven A Vasilescu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NeoGenix Biosciences pty ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gavin Sacks
- IVF Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David K Gardner
- Melbourne IVF, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Majid E Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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47
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Piening LM, Wachs RA. Matrix-Bound Nanovesicles: What Are They and What Do They Do? Cells Tissues Organs 2023; 212:111-123. [PMID: 35168230 DOI: 10.1159/000522575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 50 years, several different types of extracellular vesicles have been discovered including exosomes, microvesicles, and matrix vesicles. These vesicles are secreted by cells for specific purposes and contain cargo such as microRNA, cytokines, and lipids. A novel extracellular vesicle, the matrix-bound nanovesicle (MBV), has been recently discovered. The MBV is similar to the microvesicle, however, it is attached to the extracellular matrix, instead of being secreted. This review compares MBVs to other types of extracellular vesicles to try and better understand their origin and function. Further, this review will explain various extracellular vesicle isolation methods and how these can be used for MBVs and summarize characterization of MBV cargo such as microRNA, proteins, and lipids. Lastly, we will summarize the effects of MBVs on cells. MBVs are a novel class of extracellular vesicles that hold great promise as a platform for delivery of targeted gene and drug therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan M Piening
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Rebecca A Wachs
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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48
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Espejo C, Lyons B, Woods GM, Wilson R. Early Cancer Biomarker Discovery Using DIA-MS Proteomic Analysis of EVs from Peripheral Blood. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2628:127-152. [PMID: 36781783 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2978-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
One of the cornerstones of effective cancer treatment is early diagnosis. In this context, the identification of proteins that can serve as cancer biomarkers in bodily fluids ("liquid biopsies") has gained attention over the last decade. Plasma and serum fractions of blood are the most commonly investigated sources of potential cancer liquid biopsy biomarkers. However, the high complexity and dynamic range typical of these fluids hinders the sensitivity of protein detection by the most commonly used mass spectrometry technology (data-dependent acquisition mass spectrometry (DDA-MS)). Recently, data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) techniques have overcome the limitations of DDA-MS, increasing sensitivity and proteome coverage. In addition to DIA-MS, isolating extracellular vesicles (EVs) can help to increase the depth of serum/plasma proteome coverage by improving the identification of low-abundance proteins which are a potential treasure trove of diagnostic molecules. EVs, the nano-sized membrane-enclosed vesicles present in most bodily fluids, contain proteins which may serve as potential biomarkers for various cancers. Here, we describe a detailed protocol that combines DIA-MS and EV methodologies for discovering and validating early cancer biomarkers using blood serum. The pipeline includes size exclusion chromatography methods to isolate serum-derived extracellular vesicles and subsequent EV sample preparation for liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis. Procedures for spectral library generation by DDA-MS incorporate methods for off-line peptide separation by microflow HPLC with automated fraction concatenation. Analysis of the samples by DIA-MS includes recommended protocols for data processing and statistical methods. This pipeline will provide a guide to discovering and validating EV-associated proteins that can serve as sensitive and specific biomarkers for early cancer detection and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Espejo
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Bruce Lyons
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Gregory M Woods
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Richard Wilson
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
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Williams S, Jalal AR, Lewis MP, Davies OG. A survey to evaluate parameters governing the selection and application of extracellular vesicle isolation methods. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231155114. [PMID: 36911574 PMCID: PMC9996742 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231155114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) continue to gain interest across the scientific community for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. As EV applications diversify, it is essential that researchers are aware of challenges, in particular the compatibility of EV isolation methods with downstream applications and their clinical translation. We report outcomes of the first cross-comparison study looking to determine parameters (EV source, starting volume, operator experience, application and implementation parameters such as cost and scalability) governing the selection of popular EV isolation methods across disciplines. Our findings highlighted an increased clinical focus, with 36% of respondents applying EVs in therapeutics and diagnostics. Data indicated preferential selection of ultracentrifugation for therapeutic applications, precipitation reagents in clinical settings and size exclusion chromatography for diagnostic applications utilising biofluids. Method selection was influenced by operator experience, with increased method diversity when EV research was not the respondents primary focus. Application and implementation criteria were indicated to be major influencers in method selection, with UC and SEC chosen for their abilities to process large and small volumes, respectively. Overall, we identified parameters influencing method selection across the breadth of EV science, providing a valuable overview of practical considerations for the effective translation of research outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Williams
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Aveen R Jalal
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Mark P Lewis
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Owen G Davies
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Musatova OE, Rubtsov YP. Effects of glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles on the functions of immune cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1060000. [PMID: 36960410 PMCID: PMC10028257 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1060000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive variant of glioma, the tumor of glial origin which accounts for 80% of brain tumors. Glioblastoma is characterized by astoundingly poor prognosis for patients; a combination of surgery, chemo- and radiotherapy used for clinical treatment of glioblastoma almost inevitably results in rapid relapse and development of more aggressive and therapy resistant tumor. Recently, it was demonstrated that extracellular vesicles produced by glioblastoma (GBM-EVs) during apoptotic cell death can bind to surrounding cells and change their phenotype to more aggressive. GBM-EVs participate also in establishment of immune suppressive microenvironment that protects glioblastoma from antigen-specific recognition and killing by T cells. In this review, we collected present data concerning characterization of GBM-EVs and study of their effects on different populations of the immune cells (T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells). We aimed at critical analysis of experimental evidence in order to conclude whether glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles are a major factor in immune evasion of this deadly tumor. We summarized data concerning potential use of GBM-EVs for non-invasive diagnostics of glioblastoma. Finally, the applicability of approaches aimed at blocking of GBM-EVs production or their fusion with target cells for treatment of glioblastoma was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana E. Musatova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury P. Rubtsov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, RAS, Moscow, Russia
- N.N.Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Yury P. Rubtsov,
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