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Li J, Wei X, Pei Z, Sun J, Xi J, Li X, Shapiro-IIan D, Ruan W. Volatile organic compounds released from entomopathogenic nematode-infected insect cadavers for the biocontrol of Meloidogyne incognita. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38943354 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root-knot nematodes (RKNs), Meloidogyne spp., are one of the most destructive polyphagous plant-parasitic nematodes. They pose a serious threat to global food security and are difficult to control. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) show promise in controlling RKNs. However, it remains unclear whether the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from EPN-infected cadavers can control RKNs. RESULTS We investigated the fumigation activity of VOCs released from cadavers infected by five different species of EPNs on RKNs in Petri dishes, and found that VOCs released from Steinernema feltiae (SN strain) and S. carpocapsae (All strain) infected cadavers had a significant lethal effect on second-stage juveniles (J2s) of Meloidogyne incognita. The VOCs released from the cadavers infected with S. feltiae were analyzed using SPME-GC/MS. Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), tetradecane, pentadecane, and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), were selected for a validation experiment with pure compounds. The DMDS compound had significant nematicidal activity and repelled J2s. DMDS also inhibited egg hatching and the invasion of tomato roots by J2s. In a pot experiment, the addition of S. feltiae-infected cadavers and cadavers wrapped with a 400-mesh nylon net also significantly reduced the population of RKNs in tomato roots after 7 days. The number of root knots and eggs was reduced by 58% and 74.34%, respectively, compared to the control. CONCLUSION These results suggested that the VOCs emitted by the EPN-infected cadavers affected various developmental stages of M. incognita and thus have the potential to be used in controlling RKNs through multiple methods. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Taihu Lake Region of Jiangsu, Suzhou, China
| | - Xianqin Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zixuan Pei
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiale Xi
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingyue Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Weibin Ruan
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Bai PH, Yu JP, Hu RR, Fu QW, Wu HC, Li XY, Zu GH, Liu BS, Zhang Y. Behavioral and molecular response of the insect parasitic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae to plant volatiles. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 203:108067. [PMID: 38278342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) use the chemical cues emitted by insects and insect-damaged plants to locate their hosts. Steinernema carpocapsae, a species of EPN, is an established biocontrol agent used against insect pests. Despite its promising potential, the molecular mechanisms underlying its ability to detect plant volatiles remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the response of S. carpocapsae infective juveniles (IJs) to 8 different plant volatiles. Among these, carvone was found to be the most attractive volatile compound. To understand the molecular basis of the response of IJs to carvone, we used RNA-Seq technology to identify gene expression changes in response to carvone treatment. Transcriptome analysis revealed 721 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between carvone-treated and control groups, with 403 genes being significantly upregulated and 318 genes downregulated. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the responsive DEGs to carvone attraction were mainly involved in locomotion, localization, behavior, response to stimulus, and olfactory transduction. We also identified four upregulated genes of chemoreceptor and response to stimulus that were involved in the response of IJs to carvone attraction. Our results provide insights into the potential transcriptional mechanisms underlying the response of S. carpocapsae to carvone, which can be utilized to develop environmentally friendly strategies for attracting EPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Hua Bai
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Jin-Ping Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Rui-Rui Hu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Qian-Wen Fu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Hai-Chao Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Xing-Yue Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, PR China
| | - Guo-Hao Zu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Bao-Sheng Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300384, PR China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biohazard Monitoring, Green Prevention and Control for Artificial Grassland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010010, PR China.
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Li Y, Ren Q, Bo T, Mo M, Liu Y. AWA and ASH Homologous Sensing Genes of Meloidogyne incognita Contribute to the Tomato Infection Process. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11111322. [PMID: 36365073 PMCID: PMC9693415 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The AWA neurons of Caenorhabditis elegans mainly perceive volatile attractive odors, while the ASH neurons perceive pH, penetration, nociception, odor tropism, etc. The perceptual neurons of Meloidogyne incognita have been little studied. The number of infestations around and within tomato roots was significantly reduced after RNA interference for high-homology genes in AWA and ASH neurons compared between M. incognita and C. elegans. Through in situ hybridization, we further determined the expression and localization of the homologous genes Mi-odr-10 and Mi-gpa-6 in M. incognita. In this study, we found that M. incognita has neuronal sensing pathways similar to AWA and ASH perception of C. elegans for sensing chemical signals from tomato roots. Silencing the homologous genes in these pathways could affect the nematode perception and infestation of tomato root systems. The results contribute to elucidating the process of the plant host perception of M. incognita.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yajun Liu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-871-65031093
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Chang D, Huang M, Zhou X, Yu Y, Wang C, Li C. Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes combined with insecticides against Bradysia odoriphaga larvae. NEMATOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1163/15685411-bja10203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) as an environmentally-friendly biocontrol agent in combination with low toxic insecticides can increase control efficacy against insect pests. In this study, Steinernema carpocapsae All (Sc-All) combined with four common insecticides was used to evaluate the control efficacy against chive root gnat (Bradysia odoriphaga), an important pest of vegetables, e.g., chive, onion or garlic. The compatibility of nematodes with insecticides and host-seeking behaviour were also evaluated by the laboratory bioassay. The results showed three insecticides (matrine, imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos) at the recommended concentrations (RC), 10% RC or 2% RC and insecticide phoxim at 10% RC or 2% RC had no effect on nematodes survival. Sc-All at 50 infective juveniles (IJ) per insect larva in the presence of the four insecticides at 10% RC demonstrated a potentiated, additive or a synergistic effect on the corrected mortality rates of insect up to 100% (imidacloprid) when compared with the corresponding insecticide and Sc-All alone. A synergistic effect resulting in lethal effect was found as early as at 24 h when 200 IJ of Sc-All per insect larva were combined with 10% RC imidacloprid, whilst only 9.4% and 0 corrected mortality were detected, respectively, when exposed to the same amount of imidacloprid and Sc-All alone. For the first time a Pluronic gel system assay revealed that the presence of insecticides significantly improved Sc-All host-seeking ability as early as 30 min post exposure. The results indicated that low doses of Sc-All-imidacloprid combination would be an effective strategy to control chive root gnat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doudou Chang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Minhui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Xianhong Zhou
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Yi Yu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Congli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Chunjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
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Cheng W, Chen Z, Zeng L, Yang X, Huang D, Zhai Y, Cai M, Zheng L, Thomashow LS, Weller DM, Yu Z, Zhang J. Control of Meloidogyne incognita in Three-Dimensional Model Systems and Pot Experiments by the Attract-and-Kill Effect of Furfural Acetone. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:2169-2176. [PMID: 33258435 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-20-1501-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Meloidogyne incognita causes large-scale losses of agricultural crops worldwide. The natural metabolite furfural acetone has been reported to attract and kill M. incognita, but whether the attractant and nematicidal activities of furfural acetone on M. incognita function simultaneously in the same system, especially in three-dimensional spaces or in soil, is still unknown. Here, we used 23% Pluronic F-127 gel and a soil simulation device to demonstrate that furfural acetone has a significant attract-and-kill effect on M. incognita in both three-dimensional model systems. At 24 h, the chemotaxis index and the corrected mortality of nematodes exposed to 60 mg/ml of furfural acetone in 23% Pluronic F-127 gel were as high as 0.82 and 74.44%, respectively. Soil simulation experiments in moist sand showed that at 48 h, the chemotaxis index and the corrected mortality of the nematode toward furfural acetone reached 0.63 and 82.12%, respectively, and the effect persisted in the presence of tomato plants. In choice experiments, nematodes selected furfural acetone over plant roots and were subsequently killed. In pot studies, furfural acetone had a control rate of 82.80% against M. incognita. Collectively, these results provide compelling evidence for further investigation of furfural acetone as a novel nematode control agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Li Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Dian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yile Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Minmin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Longyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Linda S Thomashow
- Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, U.S.A
| | - David M Weller
- Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, U.S.A
| | - Ziniu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
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Khathwayo Z, Ramakuwela T, Hatting J, Shapiro-Ilan DI, Cochrane N. Quantification of pH tolerance levels among entomopathogenic nematodes. J Nematol 2021; 53:e2021-62. [PMID: 34286284 PMCID: PMC8267405 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2021-062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil pH affects the availability of nutrients, which impacts plant growth and development. Similarly, soil pH may also influence microorganisms in the soil, either beneficial or nonbeneficial. One such group of beneficial microorganisms is entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), parasites of soil-inhabiting insects. Entomopathogenic nematodes have a number of attributes that make them good alternatives to chemical insecticides. The objective of this study was to investigate pH tolerance of 11 steinernematids and six heterorhabditids post exposure to different pH levels. Entomopathogenic nematode populations were exposed to varying pH levels (pH2 to pH11) made up from two different chemical solutions (ammonium-acetate and citrate-phosphate). Entomopathogenic nematode populations are expected to have varying tolerance to different pH levels. The highest infective juvenile survival was obtained from pH3 to pH10 in citrate-phosphate, where all populations displayed >50% survival. Steinernema carpocapsae populations had >90% survival at pH3 to pH11 in citrate-phosphate solutions. Overall, the steinernematids had a higher survival range in ammonium-acetate pH solutions compared with the heterorhabditids. Moreover, Steinernema spp., S. carpocapsae (ScCxrd, ScAll, and ScItalian) and S. riobrave showed consistently higher survival in both acidic and alkaline solutions, when compared to the other steinernematids, suggesting that they may be applied in both acidic and alkaline soils. These findings can be of use when selecting EPNs for biological control purposes in the two countries, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Justin Hatting
- ARC-Small Grain, P/Bag X29, Bethlehem, 9700, South Africa
| | | | - Nicolene Cochrane
- ARC-Biometry, Central Office, P.O. Box 1134, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
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Baiocchi T, Li C, Dillman AR. EPNs Exhibit Repulsion to Prenol in Pluronic Gel Assays. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11080457. [PMID: 32707750 PMCID: PMC7468948 DOI: 10.3390/insects11080457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are lethal parasites of insects that have become valuable in biological control and as a model system for studying host-parasite interactions, behavioral ecology, neurobiology, and genomics, among other fields. Their ability to locate hosts is paramount to successful infection and host seeking has been extensively studied in many species in the lab. Here, we explored the usefulness of pluronic gel as a medium to assess EPN host seeking in the lab by characterizing the response of Steinernema carpocapsae, S. feltiae, S. glaseri, S. riobrave, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, and H. indica to the odor prenol. We found that the infective juveniles (IJs) of these species were repelled by prenol in pluronic gel. We then evaluated how storing the IJs of S. carpocapsae, S. feltiae, and S. glaseri for different amounts of time affected their behavioral responses to prenol. The response of S. carpocapsae was significantly affected by the storage time, while the responses of S. feltiae and S. glaseri were unaffected. Our data support the notion that pluronic gel is a useful medium for studying EPN behavior and that the response of S. carpocapsae to informative odors is significantly affected by long-term storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Baiocchi
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Chunjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China;
| | - Adler R. Dillman
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
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