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Minato H, Endo R, Kurata Y, Notsu T, Kinugasa Y, Wakimizu T, Tsuneto M, Shirayoshi Y, Ninomiya H, Yamamoto K, Hisatome I, Otsuki A. Azelnidipine protects HL-1 cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury by enhancement of NO production independently of effects on gene expression. Heart Vessels 2024; 39:899-908. [PMID: 38797744 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-024-02415-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
It remains to be elucidated whether Ca2+ antagonists induce pharmacological preconditioning to protect the heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to determine whether and how pretreatment with a Ca2+ antagonist, azelnidipine, could protect cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury in vitro. Using HL-1 cardiomyocytes, we studied effects of azelnidipine on NO synthase (NOS) expression, NO production, cell death and apoptosis during H/R. Action potential durations (APDs) were determined by the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Azelnidipine enhanced endothelial NOS phosphorylation and NO production in HL-1 cells under normoxia, which was abolished by a heat shock protein 90 inhibitor, geldanamycin, and an antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine. Pretreatment with azelnidipine reduced cell death and shortened APDs during H/R. These effects of azelnidipine were diminished by a NOS inhibitor, L-NAME, but were influenced by neither a T-type Ca2+ channel inhibitor, NiCl2, nor a N-type Ca2+ channel inhibitor, ω-conotoxin. The azelnidipine-induced reduction in cell death was not significantly enhanced by either additional azelnidipine treatment during H/R or increasing extracellular Ca2+ concentrations. RNA sequence (RNA-seq) data indicated that azelnidipine-induced attenuation of cell death, which depended on enhanced NO production, did not involve any significant modifications of gene expression responsible for the NO/cGMP/PKG pathway. We conclude that pretreatment with azelnidipine protects HL-1 cardiomyocytes against H/R injury via NO-dependent APD shortening and L-type Ca2+ channel blockade independently of effects on gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Minato
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 86 Nishi-Cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Ryo Endo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 86 Nishi-Cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kurata
- Department of Physiology II, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Notsu
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Regenerative Therapy, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Kinugasa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Takayuki Wakimizu
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Motokazu Tsuneto
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Regenerative Therapy, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Shirayoshi
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Regenerative Therapy, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Haruaki Ninomiya
- Department of Biological Regulation, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Department of Cardiology, NHO Yonago Medical Center, Yonago, 683-0006, Japan
| | - Akihiro Otsuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 86 Nishi-Cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
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Grzeczka A, Graczyk S, Pasławski R, Pasławska U. Genetic Basis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Cats. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:8752-8766. [PMID: 39194734 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common cardiovascular condition in cats, affecting yth males and females of all ages. Some breeds, such as Ragdolls and Maine Coons, can develop HCM at a young age. The disease has a wide range of progression and severity, characterized by various pathological changes in the heart, including arteritis, fibrous tissue deposition, and myocardial cell hypertrophy. Left ventricular hypertrophy, which can restrict blood flow, is a common feature of HCM. The disease may persist into old age and eventually lead to heart failure and increased diastolic pressure. The basis of HCM in cats is thought to be genetic, although the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. Mutations in sarcomeric proteins, in particular myosin-binding protein C (MYBPC3), have been identified in cats with HCM. Two specific mutations, MYBPC3 [R818W] and MYBPC3 [A31P], have been classified as 'pathogenic'. Other variants in genes such as MYBPC3, TNNT2, ALMS1, and MYH7 are also associated with HCM. However, there are cases where cats without known genetic mutations still develop HCM, suggesting the presence of unknown genetic factors contributing to the disease. This work aims to summarise the new knowledge of HCM in cats and the alterations in cardiac tissue as a result of genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Grzeczka
- Department for Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Szymon Graczyk
- Department for Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Robert Pasławski
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Urszula Pasławska
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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Yang Z, Cao Y, Kong L, Xi J, Liu S, Zhang J, Cheng W. Small molecules as modulators of the proteostasis machinery: Implication in cardiovascular diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:116030. [PMID: 38071793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
With the escalating prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, the substantial socioeconomic burden on healthcare systems is intensifying. Accumulating empirical evidence underscores the pivotal role of the proteostasis network in regulating cardiac homeostasis and function. Disruptions in proteostasis may contribute to the loss of protein function or the acquisition of toxic functions, which are intricately linked to the development of cardiovascular ailments such as atrial fibrillation, heart failure, atherosclerosis, and cardiac aging. It is widely acknowledged that the proteostasis network encompasses molecular chaperones, autophagy, and the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). Consequently, the proteostasis network emerges as an appealing target for therapeutic interventions in cardiovascular diseases. Numerous small molecules, acting as modulators of the proteostasis machinery, have exhibited therapeutic efficacy in managing cardiovascular diseases. This review centers on elucidating the role of the proteostasis network in various cardiovascular diseases and explores the potential of small molecules as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Limin Kong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Jianjun Xi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Shourong Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, 310023, China.
| | - Jiankang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
| | - Weiyan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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4
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Wong FL, Bunch TA, Lepak VC, Steedman AL, Colson BA. Cardiac myosin-binding protein C N-terminal interactions with myosin and actin filaments: Opposite effects of phosphorylation and M-domain mutations. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 186:125-137. [PMID: 38008210 PMCID: PMC10872421 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
N-terminal cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C) domains (C0-C2) bind to thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filaments to coordinate contraction and relaxation of the heart. These interactions are regulated by phosphorylation of the M-domain situated between domains C1 and C2. In cardiomyopathies and heart failure, phosphorylation of cMyBP-C is significantly altered. We aimed to investigate how cMyBP-C interacts with myosin and actin. We developed complementary, high-throughput, C0-C2 FRET-based binding assays for myosin and actin to characterize the effects due to 5 HCM-linked variants or functional mutations in unphosphorylated and phosphorylated C0-C2. The assays indicated that phosphorylation decreases binding to both myosin and actin, whereas the HCM mutations in M-domain generally increase binding. The effects of mutations were greatest in phosphorylated C0-C2, and some mutations had a larger effect on actin than myosin binding. Phosphorylation also altered the spatial relationship of the probes on C0-C2 and actin. The magnitude of these structural changes was dependent on C0-C2 probe location (C0, C1, or M-domain). We conclude that binding can differ between myosin and actin due to phosphorylation or mutations. Additionally, these variables can change the mode of binding, affecting which of the interactions in cMyBP-C N-terminal domains with myosin or actin take place. The opposite effects of phosphorylation and M-domain mutations is consistent with the idea that cMyBP-C phosphorylation is critical for normal cardiac function. The precision of these assays is indicative of their usefulness in high-throughput screening of drug libraries for targeting cMyBP-C as therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona L Wong
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Thomas A Bunch
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Victoria C Lepak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Allison L Steedman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Brett A Colson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.
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Burkart V, Kowalski K, Disch A, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Lal S, Dos Remedios C, Perrot A, Zeug A, Ponimaskin E, Kosanke M, Dittrich-Breiholz O, Kraft T, Montag J. Nonsense mediated decay factor UPF3B is associated with cMyBP-C haploinsufficiency in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 185:26-37. [PMID: 37797718 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most prevalent inherited cardiac disease. Up to 40% of cases are associated with heterozygous mutations in myosin binding protein C (cMyBP-C, MYBPC3). Most of these mutations lead to premature termination codons (PTC) and patients show reduction of functional cMyBP-C. This so-called haploinsufficiency most likely contributes to disease development. We analyzed mechanisms underlying haploinsufficiency using cardiac tissue from HCM-patients with truncation mutations in MYBPC3 (MYBPC3trunc). We compared transcriptional activity, mRNA and protein expression to donor controls. To differentiate between HCM-specific and general hypertrophy-induced mechanisms we used patients with left ventricular hypertrophy due to aortic stenosis (AS) as an additional control. We show that cMyBP-C haploinsufficiency starts at the mRNA level, despite hypertrophy-induced increased transcriptional activity. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of RNA-sequencing data revealed an increased expression of NMD-components. Among them, Up-frameshift protein UPF3B, a regulator of NMD was upregulated in MYBPC3trunc patients and not in AS-patients. Strikingly, we show that in sarcomeres UPF3B but not UPF1 and UPF2 are localized to the Z-discs, the presumed location of sarcomeric protein translation. Our data suggest that cMyBP-C haploinsufficiency in HCM-patients is established by UPF3B-dependent NMD during the initial translation round at the Z-disc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Burkart
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Kowalski
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alina Disch
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Sean Lal
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cristobal Dos Remedios
- Mechanosensory Biophysics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Andreas Perrot
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Experimental & Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andre Zeug
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Evgeni Ponimaskin
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maike Kosanke
- Research Core Unit Genomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Theresia Kraft
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Judith Montag
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Barefield DY, Alvarez-Arce A, Araujo KN. Mechanisms of Sarcomere Protein Mutation-Induced Cardiomyopathies. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:473-484. [PMID: 37060436 PMCID: PMC11141690 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The pace of identifying cardiomyopathy-associated mutations and advances in our understanding of sarcomere function that underlies many cardiomyopathies has been remarkable. Here, we aim to synthesize how these advances have led to the promising new treatments that are being developed to treat cardiomyopathies. RECENT FINDINGS The genomics era has identified and validated many genetic causes of hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies. Recent advances in our mechanistic understanding of sarcomere pathophysiology include high-resolution molecular models of sarcomere components and the identification of the myosin super-relaxed state. The advances in our understanding of sarcomere function have yielded several therapeutic agents that are now in development and clinical use to correct contractile dysfunction-mediated cardiomyopathy. New genes linked to cardiomyopathy include targets with limited clinical evidence and require additional investigation. Large portions of cardiomyopathy with family history remain genetically undiagnosed and may be due to polygenic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Barefield
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
| | - Alejandro Alvarez-Arce
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Kelly N Araujo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
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7
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Broadway-Stringer S, Jiang H, Wadmore K, Hooper C, Douglas G, Steeples V, Azad AJ, Singer E, Reyat JS, Galatik F, Ehler E, Bennett P, Kalisch-Smith JI, Sparrow DB, Davies B, Djinovic-Carugo K, Gautel M, Watkins H, Gehmlich K. Insights into the Role of a Cardiomyopathy-Causing Genetic Variant in ACTN2. Cells 2023; 12:721. [PMID: 36899856 PMCID: PMC10001372 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in ACTN2, coding for alpha-actinin 2, are known to be rare causes of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. However, little is known about the underlying disease mechanisms. Adult heterozygous mice carrying the Actn2 p.Met228Thr variant were phenotyped by echocardiography. For homozygous mice, viable E15.5 embryonic hearts were analysed by High Resolution Episcopic Microscopy and wholemount staining, complemented by unbiased proteomics, qPCR and Western blotting. Heterozygous Actn2 p.Met228Thr mice have no overt phenotype. Only mature males show molecular parameters indicative of cardiomyopathy. By contrast, the variant is embryonically lethal in the homozygous setting and E15.5 hearts show multiple morphological abnormalities. Molecular analyses, including unbiased proteomics, identified quantitative abnormalities in sarcomeric parameters, cell-cycle defects and mitochondrial dysfunction. The mutant alpha-actinin protein is found to be destabilised, associated with increased activity of the ubiquitin-proteasomal system. This missense variant in alpha-actinin renders the protein less stable. In response, the ubiquitin-proteasomal system is activated; a mechanism that has been implicated in cardiomyopathies previously. In parallel, a lack of functional alpha-actinin is thought to cause energetic defects through mitochondrial dysfunction. This seems, together with cell-cycle defects, the likely cause of the death of the embryos. The defects also have wide-ranging morphological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - He Jiang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Kirsty Wadmore
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Charlotte Hooper
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Gillian Douglas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Violetta Steeples
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Amar J. Azad
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Evie Singer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jasmeet S. Reyat
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Frantisek Galatik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elisabeth Ehler
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Pauline Bennett
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - Duncan B. Sparrow
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Benjamin Davies
- Transgenic Core, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Kristina Djinovic-Carugo
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Gautel
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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8
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Suay-Corredera C, Alegre-Cebollada J. The mechanics of the heart: zooming in on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and cMyBP-C. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:703-746. [PMID: 35224729 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a disease characterized by cardiac muscle hypertrophy and hypercontractility, is the most frequently inherited disorder of the heart. HCM is mainly caused by variants in genes encoding proteins of the sarcomere, the basic contractile unit of cardiomyocytes. The most frequently mutated among them is MYBPC3, which encodes cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C), a key regulator of sarcomere contraction. In this review, we summarize clinical and genetic aspects of HCM and provide updated information on the function of the healthy and HCM sarcomere, as well as on emerging therapeutic options targeting sarcomere mechanical activity. Building on what is known about cMyBP-C activity, we examine different pathogenicity drivers by which MYBPC3 variants can cause disease, focussing on protein haploinsufficiency as a common pathomechanism also in nontruncating variants. Finally, we discuss recent evidence correlating altered cMyBP-C mechanical properties with HCM development.
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Utami SB, Endo R, Hamada T, Notsu T, Minato H, Komatsu K, Nakayama Y, Shirayoshi Y, Yamamoto K, Okada S, Ninomiya H, Otuki A, Hisatome I. Hsp70 promotes maturation of uromodulin mutants that cause familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy and suppresses cellular damage. Clin Exp Nephrol 2022; 26:522-529. [PMID: 35212881 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-022-02196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy (FJHN) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in UMOD. Here we studied effects of genetic expression and pharmacological induction of Hsp70 on the UMOD mutants C112Y and C217G. METHODS We expressed wild type (WT), C112Y and C217G in HEK293 cells and studied their maturation and cellular damage using western blot and flow cytometry. RESULTS Expression of C112Y or C217G increased pro-apoptotic proteins, decreased anti-apoptotic proteins, and induced cellular apoptosis as examined by annexin V staining and flow cytometry. Overexpression of Hsp70 or administration of an Hsp70 inducer geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) promoted maturation of the mutant proteins, increased their secreted forms, normalized the levels of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins and suppressed apoptosis. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that Hsp70 enhanced maturation of C112Y and C217G and reduced cellular apoptosis, suggesting that Hsp70 induction might be of a therapeutic value for treatment of FJHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulistiyati Bayu Utami
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.,Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Ryo Endo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Hamada
- Department of Community-Based Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Notsu
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Minato
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Koji Komatsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Shirayoshi
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Shinichi Okada
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonago Medical Center, Yonago, Japan
| | - Haruaki Ninomiya
- Department of Biological Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Akihiro Otuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yonago Medical Center, Yonago, Japan
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10
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Yang QL, Zuo L, Ma ZL, Lei CH, Zhu XL, Wang XY, Wang B, Zhao XL, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhang YM, Liu LW. Gender- and age-related differences in distinct phenotypes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-associated mutation MYBPC3-E334K. Heart Vessels 2021; 36:1525-1535. [PMID: 33830315 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-021-01834-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The mutation MYBPC3-E334K is a culprit mutation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The pathogenicity of MYBPC3-E334K is conflicting in ClinVar because of the limited segregation data and the relatively high frequency in gnomAD (0.03% overall, with 0.3% in East Asians and 0.8% in Japanese). The main aim is to clarify the clinical importance and phenotype-genotype correlations in subjects with or without MYBPC3-E334K alone. The prevalence of MYBPC3-E334K was sequenced in 1017 HCM unrelated probands. The clinical features, morphology phenotypes, and electrical phenotypes were further analyzed according to the phenotype and genotype status in families with single-mutation MYBPC3-E334K. Nine of 1017 (0.88%) unrelated HCM probands were detected harboring MYBPC3-E334K, and three of them harbored a second variant in sarcomere protein gene. Family study and co-segregation analyses indicated that patients with single-mutation MYBPC3-E334K showed autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with incomplete penetrance. The overall disease penetrance was 52.6%, and the disease penetrance was higher in males than in females (100% in men vs 25% in women, p = 0.003). The mean age at diagnosis of males was approximately 25 years younger than females (36.57 ± 18.65 vs 62.33 ± 12.10, p = 0.062). The variant MYBPC3-E334K was classified as a likely pathogenic variant, and a second sarcomere variant did not reveal obvious cumulative effects. The patients harboring single-mutation MYBPC3-E334K had incomplete penetrance, and males demonstrated higher penetrance and early onset HCM than females. A second sarcomere variant did not reveal obvious cumulative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Li Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127# Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Zuo
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127# Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chang-Hui Lei
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127# Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127# Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuan-Ying Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Central Theater Command Air Force Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Datong, Shanxi, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127# Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue-Li Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127# Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127# Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127# Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan-Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Affiliate Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 69, Xijuyuan land, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Li-Wen Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127# Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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11
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Bunch TA, Lepak VC, Bortz KM, Colson BA. A high-throughput fluorescence lifetime-based assay to detect binding of myosin-binding protein C to F-actin. J Gen Physiol 2021; 153:e202012707. [PMID: 33600558 PMCID: PMC7898471 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding properties of actin-binding proteins are typically evaluated by cosedimentation assays. However, this method is time-consuming, involves multiple steps, and has a limited throughput. These shortcomings preclude its use in screening for drugs that modulate actin-binding proteins relevant to human disease. To develop a simple, quantitative, and scalable F-actin-binding assay, we attached fluorescent probes to actin's Cys-374 and assessed changes in fluorescence lifetime upon binding to the N-terminal region (domains C0-C2) of human cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C). The lifetime of all five probes tested decreased upon incubation with cMyBP-C C0-C2, as measured by time-resolved fluorescence (TR-F), with IAEDANS being the most sensitive probe that yielded the smallest errors. The TR-F assay was compared with cosedimentation to evaluate in vitro changes in binding to actin and actin-tropomyosin arising from cMyBP-C mutations associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and tropomyosin binding. Lifetime changes of labeled actin with added C0-C2 were consistent with cosedimentation results. The HCM mutation L352P was confirmed to enhance actin binding, whereas PKA phosphorylation reduced binding. The HCM mutation R282W, predicted to disrupt a PKA recognition sequence, led to deficits in C0-C2 phosphorylation and altered binding. Lastly, C0-C2 binding was found to be enhanced by tropomyosin and binding capacity to be altered by mutations in a tropomyosin-binding region. These findings suggest that the TR-F assay is suitable for rapidly and accurately determining quantitative binding and for screening physiological conditions and compounds that affect cMyBP-C binding to F-actin for therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brett A. Colson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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12
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Genetic Restrictive Cardiomyopathy: Causes and Consequences-An Integrative Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020558. [PMID: 33429969 PMCID: PMC7827163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The sarcomere as the smallest contractile unit is prone to alterations in its functional, structural and associated proteins. Sarcomeric dysfunction leads to heart failure or cardiomyopathies like hypertrophic (HCM) or restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) etc. Genetic based RCM, a very rare but severe disease with a high mortality rate, might be induced by mutations in genes of non-sarcomeric, sarcomeric and sarcomere associated proteins. In this review, we discuss the functional effects in correlation to the phenotype and present an integrated model for the development of genetic RCM.
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13
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Arif M, Nabavizadeh P, Song T, Desai D, Singh R, Bazrafshan S, Kumar M, Wang Y, Gilbert RJ, Dhandapany PS, Becker RC, Kranias EG, Sadayappan S. Genetic, clinical, molecular, and pathogenic aspects of the South Asian-specific polymorphic MYBPC3 Δ25bp variant. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:1065-1084. [PMID: 32656747 PMCID: PMC7429610 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a cardiac genetic disease characterized by ventricular enlargement, diastolic dysfunction, and increased risk for sudden cardiac death. Sarcomeric genetic defects are the predominant known cause of HCM. In particular, mutations in the myosin-binding protein C gene (MYBPC3) are associated with ~ 40% of all HCM cases in which a genetic basis has been established. A decade ago, our group reported a 25-base pair deletion in intron 32 of MYBPC3 (MYBPC3Δ25bp) that is uniquely prevalent in South Asians and is associated with autosomal dominant cardiomyopathy. Although our studies suggest that this deletion results in left ventricular dysfunction, cardiomyopathies, and heart failure, the precise mechanism by which this variant predisposes to heart disease remains unclear. Increasingly appreciated, however, is the contribution of secondary risk factors, additional mutations, and lifestyle choices in augmenting or modifying the HCM phenotype in MYBPC3Δ25bp carriers. Therefore, the goal of this review article is to summarize the current research dedicated to understanding the molecular pathophysiology of HCM in South Asians with the MYBPC3Δ25bp variant. An emphasis is to review the latest techniques currently applied to explore the MYBPC3Δ25bp pathogenesis and to provide a foundation for developing new diagnostic strategies and advances in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Arif
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA.
| | - Pooneh Nabavizadeh
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
| | - Taejeong Song
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
| | - Darshini Desai
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
| | - Rohit Singh
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
| | - Sholeh Bazrafshan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Richard J Gilbert
- Research Service, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, 02908, USA
| | - Perundurai S Dhandapany
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Richard C Becker
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
| | - Evangelia G Kranias
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
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14
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Chung H, Kim Y, Cho SM, Lee HJ, Park CH, Kim JY, Lee SH, Min PK, Yoon YW, Lee BK, Kim WS, Hong BK, Kim TH, Rim SJ, Kwon HM, Choi EY, Lee KA. Differential contributions of sarcomere and mitochondria-related multigene variants to the endophenotype of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Mitochondrion 2020; 53:48-56. [PMID: 32380161 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a multigenic disease that occurs due to various genetic modifiers. We investigated phenotype-based clinical and genetic characteristics of HCM patients using comprehensive genetic tests and rare variant association analysis. METHODS A comprehensive HCM-specific panel, consisting of 82 nuclear DNAs (nDNAs: 33 sarcomere-associated genes, 5 phenocopy genes, and 44 nuclear genes linked to mitochondrial cardiomyopathy) and 37 mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs), was analyzed. Rare variant analysis was performed to determine the association of specific genes with different phenotypes. RESULTS Among the 212 patients, pathogenic variants in sarcomere-associated genes were more prevalent in non-apical HCM (41.4%, 46/111; P = 0.001) than apical HCM (20.8%, 21/101). Apical HCM exhibits mild phenotypes than non-apical HCM, and it showed fewer numbers of sarcomere mutations than non-apical HCM. Interestingly, inverted mutation frequency of TNNI3 (35%) and MYH7 (9%) was observed in apical HCM. In a rare variant analysis, MT-RNR2 positively correlated with apical HCM (OR: 1.37, P = 0.025). And, MYBPC3 (sarcomere gene) negatively contributed to apical HCM (OR: 0.54, P = 0.027). On the other hand, both pathogenic mutation (P < 0.05) and rare variants in sarcomere-associated genes (OR: 2.78-3.47, P < 0.05) were related to diastolic dysfunction and left atrium remodeling, which correlated with poor prognosis in HCM patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a clue towards explaining the difference between the prevalence and phenotype of apical HCM in Asian populations, and a foundation for genetics-based approaches that may enable individualized risk stratification for HCM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemoon Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, the Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yoonjung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, South Korea
| | - Sun-Mi Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Sungnam 13496, South Korea
| | - Ho-Joon Lee
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Chul-Hwan Park
- Department of Radiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, South Korea
| | - Jong-Youn Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hak Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Pil-Ki Min
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, South Korea
| | - Young Won Yoon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, South Korea
| | - Byoung Kwon Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, South Korea
| | - Woo-Shik Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Bum-Kee Hong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, South Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, South Korea
| | - Se-Joong Rim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, South Korea
| | - Hyuck Moon Kwon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, South Korea
| | - Eui-Young Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, South Korea.
| | - Kyung-A Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, South Korea.
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15
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Minato H, Hisatome I, Kurata Y, Notsu T, Nakasone N, Ninomiya H, Hamada T, Tomomori T, Okamura A, Miake J, Tsuneto M, Shirayoshi Y, Endo R, Otsuki A, Okada F, Inagaki Y. Pretreatment with cilnidipine attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in HL-1 cardiomyocytes through enhanced NO production and action potential shortening. Hypertens Res 2020; 43:380-388. [PMID: 31942044 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury worsens in the absence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Cilnidipine, a Ca2+ channel blocker, has been reported to activate endothelial NOS (eNOS) and increases nitric oxide (NO) in vascular endothelial cells. We examined whether pretreatment with cilnidipine could attenuate cardiac cell deaths including apoptosis caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. HL-1 mouse atrial myocytes as well as H9c2 rat ventricular cells were exposed to H/R, and cell viability was evaluated by an autoanalyzer and flow cytometry; eNOS expression, NO production, and electrophysiological properties were also evaluated by western blotting, colorimetry, and patch clamping, respectively, in the absence and presence of cilnidipine. Cilnidipine enhanced phosphorylation of eNOS and NO production in a concentration-dependent manner, which was abolished by siRNAs against eNOS or an Hsp90 inhibitor, geldanamycin. Pretreatment with cilnidipine attenuated cell deaths including apoptosis during H/R; this effect was reproduced by an NO donor and a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. The NOS inhibitor L-NAME abolished the protective action of cilnidipine. Pretreatment with cilnidipine also attenuated H9c2 cell death during H/R. Additional cilnidipine treatment during H/R did not significantly enhance its protective action. There was no significant difference in the protective effect of cilnidipine under normal and high Ca2+ conditions. Action potential duration (APD) of HL-1 cells was shortened by cilnidipine, with this shortening augmented after H/R. L-NAME attenuated the APD shortening caused by cilnidipine. These findings indicate that cilnidipine enhances NO production, shortens APD in part by L-type Ca2+ channel block, and thereby prevents HL-1 cell deaths during H/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Minato
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kurata
- Department of Physiology II, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0268, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Notsu
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Naoe Nakasone
- Department of Biological Regulation, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Haruaki Ninomiya
- Department of Biological Regulation, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Hamada
- Department of Community-Based Family Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Takuya Tomomori
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Akihiro Okamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Junichiro Miake
- Department of Pharmacology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Motokazu Tsuneto
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Shirayoshi
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Ryo Endo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Akihiro Otsuki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Futoshi Okada
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Inagaki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
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16
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Da'as SI, Yalcin HC, Nasrallah GK, Mohamed IA, Nomikos M, Yacoub MH, Fakhro KA. Functional characterization of human myosin-binding protein C3 variants associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy reveals exon-specific cardiac phenotypes in zebrafish model. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7870-7888. [PMID: 31943169 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Myosin-binding protein C 3 (MYBPC3) variants are the most common cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). HCM is a complex cardiac disorder due to its significant genetic and clinical heterogeneity. MYBPC3 variants genotype-phenotype associations remain poorly understood. We investigated the impact of two novel human MYBPC3 splice-site variants: V1: c.654+2_654+4dupTGG targeting exon 5 using morpholino MOe5i5; and V2: c.772+1G>A targeting exon 6 using MOe6i6; located within C1 domain of cMyBP-C protein, known to be critical in regulating sarcomere structure and contractility. Zebrafish MOe5i5 and MOe6i6 morphants recapitulated typical characteristics of human HCM with cardiac phenotypes of varying severity, including reduced cardiomyocyte count, thickened ventricular myocardial wall, a drastic reduction in heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output. Analysis of all cardiac morphological and functional parameters demonstrated that V2 cardiac phenotype was more severe than V1. Coinjection with synthetic human MYBPC3 messenger RNA (mRNA) partially rescued disparate cardiac phenotypes in each zebrafish morphant. While human MYBPC3 mRNA partially restored the decreased heart rate in V1 morphants and displayed increased percentages of ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and area change, it failed to revert the V1 ventricular myocardial thickness. These results suggest a possible V1 impact on cardiac contractility. In contrast, attempts to rescue V2 morphants only restored the ventricular myocardial wall hypertrophy phenotype but had no significant effect on impaired heart rate, suggesting a potential V2 impact on the cardiac structure. Our study provides evidence of an association between MYBPC3 exon-specific cardiac phenotypes in the zebrafish model providing important insights into how these genetic variants contribute to HCM disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar I Da'as
- Department of Human Genetics, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.,Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Iman A Mohamed
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Egypt
| | - Michail Nomikos
- College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Magdi H Yacoub
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, National Heart & Lung Institute, UK
| | - Khalid A Fakhro
- Department of Human Genetics, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.,Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
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17
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Maejima Y. The critical roles of protein quality control systems in the pathogenesis of heart failure. J Cardiol 2019; 75:219-227. [PMID: 31699567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2019.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a refractory disease with a prevalence that has continuously increased around the world. Over the past decade, we have made remarkable progress in the treatment of heart failure, including drug therapies, device therapies, and regeneration therapies. However, as each of these heart failure therapies does not go much beyond symptomatic therapy, there is a compelling need to establish novel therapeutic strategies for heart failure in a fundamental way. As cardiomyocytes are terminally differentiated cells, protein quality control is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis, optimal performance, and longevity. There are five evolutionarily conserved mechanisms for ensuring protein quality control in cells: the ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy, the unfolded protein response, SUMOylation, and NEDDylation. Recent research has clarified the molecular mechanism underlying how these processes degrade misfolded proteins and damaged organelles in cardiomyocytes. In addition, a growing body of evidence suggests that deviation from appropriate levels of protein quality control causes cellular dysfunction and death, which in turn leads to heart failure. We herein review recent advances in understanding the role of protein quality control systems in heart disease and discuss the therapeutic potential of modulating protein quality control systems in the human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Maejima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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18
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Dorsch LM, Schuldt M, Knežević D, Wiersma M, Kuster DWD, van der Velden J, Brundel BJJM. Untying the knot: protein quality control in inherited cardiomyopathies. Pflugers Arch 2018; 471:795-806. [PMID: 30109411 PMCID: PMC6475634 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins are the most important causes of inherited cardiomyopathies, which are a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although genetic screening procedures for early disease detection have been improved significantly, treatment to prevent or delay mutation-induced cardiac disease onset is lacking. Recent findings indicate that loss of protein quality control (PQC) is a central factor in the disease pathology leading to derailment of cellular protein homeostasis. Loss of PQC includes impairment of heat shock proteins, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and autophagy. This may result in accumulation of misfolded and aggregation-prone mutant proteins, loss of sarcomeric and cytoskeletal proteins, and, ultimately, loss of cardiac function. PQC derailment can be a direct effect of the mutation-induced activation, a compensatory mechanism due to mutation-induced cellular dysfunction or a consequence of the simultaneous occurrence of the mutation and a secondary hit. In this review, we discuss recent mechanistic findings on the role of proteostasis derailment in inherited cardiomyopathies, with special focus on sarcomeric gene mutations and possible therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa M Dorsch
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, O2 building 11W53, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Maike Schuldt
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, O2 building 11W53, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Dora Knežević
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, O2 building 11W53, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marit Wiersma
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, O2 building 11W53, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik W D Kuster
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, O2 building 11W53, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, O2 building 11W53, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, O2 building 11W53, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Stanczyk PJ, Seidel M, White J, Viero C, George CH, Zissimopoulos S, Lai FA. Association of cardiac myosin-binding protein-C with the ryanodine receptor channel - putative retrograde regulation? J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.210443. [PMID: 29930088 PMCID: PMC6104826 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.210443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac muscle ryanodine receptor-Ca2+ release channel (RyR2) constitutes the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ efflux mechanism that initiates myocyte contraction, while cardiac myosin-binding protein-C (cMyBP-C; also known as MYBPC3) mediates regulation of acto-myosin cross-bridge cycling. In this paper, we provide the first evidence for the presence of direct interaction between these two proteins, forming a RyR2-cMyBP-C complex. The C-terminus of cMyBP-C binds with the RyR2 N-terminus in mammalian cells and the interaction is not mediated by a fibronectin-like domain. Notably, we detected complex formation between both recombinant cMyBP-C and RyR2, as well as between the native proteins in cardiac tissue. Cellular Ca2+ dynamics in HEK293 cells is altered upon co-expression of cMyBP-C and RyR2, with lowered frequency of RyR2-mediated spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations, suggesting that cMyBP-C exerts a potential inhibitory effect on RyR2-dependent Ca2+ release. Discovery of a functional RyR2 association with cMyBP-C provides direct evidence for a putative mechanistic link between cytosolic soluble cMyBP-C and SR-mediated Ca2+ release, via RyR2. Importantly, this interaction may have clinical relevance to the observed cMyBP-C and RyR2 dysfunction in cardiac pathologies, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina J Stanczyk
- Sir Geraint Evans Wales Heart Research Institute, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Monika Seidel
- Sir Geraint Evans Wales Heart Research Institute, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Judith White
- Sir Geraint Evans Wales Heart Research Institute, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Cedric Viero
- Sir Geraint Evans Wales Heart Research Institute, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical School, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christopher H George
- Sir Geraint Evans Wales Heart Research Institute, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Spyros Zissimopoulos
- Sir Geraint Evans Wales Heart Research Institute, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK .,Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - F Anthony Lai
- Sir Geraint Evans Wales Heart Research Institute, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK .,School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.,College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2013, Doha, Qatar
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20
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Ehsan M, Kelly M, Hooper C, Yavari A, Beglov J, Bellahcene M, Ghataorhe K, Poloni G, Goel A, Kyriakou T, Fleischanderl K, Ehler E, Makeyev E, Lange S, Ashrafian H, Redwood C, Davies B, Watkins H, Gehmlich K. Mutant Muscle LIM Protein C58G causes cardiomyopathy through protein depletion. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 121:287-296. [PMID: 30048712 PMCID: PMC6117453 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.07.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine and glycine rich protein 3 (CSRP3) encodes Muscle LIM Protein (MLP), a well-established disease gene for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM). MLP, in contrast to the proteins encoded by the other recognised HCM disease genes, is non-sarcomeric, and has important signalling functions in cardiomyocytes. To gain insight into the disease mechanisms involved, we generated a knock-in mouse (KI) model, carrying the well documented HCM-causing CSRP3 mutation C58G. In vivo phenotyping of homozygous KI/KI mice revealed a robust cardiomyopathy phenotype with diastolic and systolic left ventricular dysfunction, which was supported by increased heart weight measurements. Transcriptome analysis by RNA-seq identified activation of pro-fibrotic signalling, induction of the fetal gene programme and activation of markers of hypertrophic signalling in these hearts. Further ex vivo analyses validated the activation of these pathways at transcript and protein level. Intriguingly, the abundance of MLP decreased in KI/KI mice by 80% and in KI/+ mice by 50%. Protein depletion was also observed in cellular studies for two further HCM-causing CSRP3 mutations (L44P and S54R/E55G). We show that MLP depletion is caused by proteasome action. Moreover, MLP C58G interacts with Bag3 and results in a proteotoxic response in the homozygous knock-in mice, as shown by induction of Bag3 and associated heat shock proteins. In conclusion, the newly generated mouse model provides insights into the underlying disease mechanisms of cardiomyopathy caused by mutations in the non-sarcomeric protein MLP. Furthermore, our cellular experiments suggest that protein depletion and proteasomal overload also play a role in other HCM-causing CSPR3 mutations that we investigated, indicating that reduced levels of functional MLP may be a common mechanism for HCM-causing CSPR3 mutations. We present a mouse model for non-sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Homozygous Muscle LIM Protein (MLP) C58G mice have systolic and diastolic dysfunction. MLP C58G is depleted via proteasomal pathways. Protein depletion is also a hallmark of further HCM causing MLP mutations. MLP C58G interacts with Bag3 and causes a proteotoxic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehroz Ehsan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew Kelly
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charlotte Hooper
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Arash Yavari
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Experimental Therapeutics, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Julia Beglov
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mohamed Bellahcene
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kirandeep Ghataorhe
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Giulia Poloni
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anuj Goel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Theodosios Kyriakou
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Karin Fleischanderl
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
| | - Elisabeth Ehler
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
| | - Eugene Makeyev
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephan Lange
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Houman Ashrafian
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Experimental Therapeutics, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Charles Redwood
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin Davies
- Transgenic Core, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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21
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Point mutations in the tri-helix bundle of the M-domain of cardiac myosin binding protein-C influence systolic duration and delay cardiac relaxation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 119:116-124. [PMID: 29729251 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) is an essential regulatory protein required for proper systolic contraction and diastolic relaxation. We previously showed that N'-terminal domains of cMyBP-C stimulate contraction by binding to actin and activating the thin filament in vitro. In principle, thin filament activating effects of cMyBP-C could influence contraction and relaxation rates, or augment force amplitude in vivo. cMyBP-C binding to actin could also contribute to an internal load that slows muscle shortening velocity as previously hypothesized. However, the functional significance of cMyBP-C binding to actin has not yet been established in vivo. We previously identified an actin binding site in the regulatory M-domain of cMyBP-C and described two missense mutations that either increased (L348P) or decreased (E330K) binding affinity of recombinant cMyBP-C N'-terminal domains for actin in vitro. Here we created transgenic mice with either the L348P or E330K mutations to determine the functional significance of cMyBP-C binding to actin in vivo. Results showed that enhanced binding of cMyBP-C to actin in L348P-Tg mice prolonged the time to end-systole and slowed relaxation rates. Reduced interactions between cMyBP-C and actin in E330K-Tg mice had the opposite effect and significantly shortened the duration of ejection. Neither mouse model displayed overt systolic dysfunction, but L348P-Tg mice showed diastolic dysfunction presumably resulting from delayed relaxation. We conclude that cMyBP-C binding to actin contributes to sustained thin filament activation at the end of systole and during isovolumetric relaxation. These results provide the first functional evidence that cMyBP-C interactions with actin influence cardiac function in vivo.
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22
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Smelter DF, de Lange WJ, Cai W, Ge Y, Ralphe JC. The HCM-linked W792R mutation in cardiac myosin-binding protein C reduces C6 FnIII domain stability. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H1179-H1191. [PMID: 29451820 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00686.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C) is a functional sarcomeric protein that regulates contractility in response to contractile demand, and many mutations in cMyBP-C lead to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). To gain insight into the effects of disease-causing cMyBP-C missense mutations on contractile function, we expressed the pathogenic W792R mutation (substitution of a highly conserved tryptophan residue by an arginine residue at position 792) in mouse cardiomyocytes lacking endogenous cMyBP-C and studied the functional effects using three-dimensional engineered cardiac tissue constructs (mECTs). Based on complete conservation of tryptophan at this location in fibronectin type II (FnIII) domains, we hypothesized that the W792R mutation affects folding of the C6 FnIII domain, destabilizing the mutant protein. Adenoviral transduction of wild-type (WT) and W792R cDNA achieved equivalent mRNA transcript abundance, but not equivalent protein levels, with W792R compared with WT controls. mECTs expressing W792R demonstrated abnormal contractile kinetics compared with WT mECTs that were nearly identical to cMyBP-C-deficient mECTs. We studied whether common pathways of protein degradation were responsible for the rapid degradation of W792R cMyBP-C. Inhibition of both ubiquitin-proteasome and lysosomal degradation pathways failed to increase full-length mutant protein abundance to WT equivalence, suggesting rapid cytosolic degradation. Bacterial expression of WT and W792R protein fragments demonstrated decreased mutant stability with altered thermal denaturation and increased susceptibility to trypsin digestion. These data suggest that the W792R mutation destabilizes the C6 FnIII domain of cMyBP-C, resulting in decreased full-length protein expression. This study highlights the vulnerability of FnIII-like domains to mutations that alter domain stability and further indicates that missense mutations in cMyBP-C can cause disease through a mechanism of haploinsufficiency. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is one of the first to describe a disease mechanism for a missense mutation in cardiac myosin-binding protein C linked to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The mutation decreases stability of the fibronectin type III domain and results in substantially reduced mutant protein expression dissonant to transcript abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan F Smelter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Willem J de Lange
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Wenxuan Cai
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin.,Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin.,Human Proteomics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - J Carter Ralphe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin
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23
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Barefield DY, Puckelwartz MJ, Kim EY, Wilsbacher LD, Vo AH, Waters EA, Earley JU, Hadhazy M, Dellefave-Castillo L, Pesce LL, McNally EM. Experimental Modeling Supports a Role for MyBP-HL as a Novel Myofilament Component in Arrhythmia and Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2017; 136:1477-1491. [PMID: 28778945 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.028585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias are under significant genetic influence. Here, we studied a family with dilated cardiomyopathy and associated conduction system disease in whom prior clinical cardiac gene panel testing was unrevealing. METHODS Whole-genome sequencing and induced pluripotent stem cells were used to examine a family with dilated cardiomyopathy and atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. We also characterized a mouse model with heterozygous and homozygous deletion of Mybphl. RESULTS Whole-genome sequencing identified a premature stop codon, R255X, in the MYBPHL gene encoding MyBP-HL (myosin-binding protein-H like), a novel member of the myosin-binding protein family. MYBPHL was found to have high atrial expression with low ventricular expression. We determined that MyBP-HL protein was myofilament associated in the atria, and truncated MyBP-HL protein failed to incorporate into the myofilament. Human cell modeling demonstrated reduced expression from the mutant MYBPHL allele. Echocardiography of Mybphl heterozygous and null mouse hearts exhibited a 36% reduction in fractional shortening and an increased diastolic ventricular chamber size. Atria weight normalized to total heart weight was significantly increased in Mybphl heterozygous and null mice. Using a reporter system, we detected robust expression of Mybphl in the atria, and in discrete puncta throughout the right ventricular wall and septum, as well. Telemetric electrocardiogram recordings in Mybphl mice revealed cardiac conduction system abnormalities with aberrant atrioventricular conduction and an increased rate of arrhythmia in heterozygous and null mice. CONCLUSIONS The findings of reduced ventricular function and conduction system defects in Mybphl mice support that MYBPHL truncations may increase risk for human arrhythmias and cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Barefield
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (D.Y.B., M.J.P., J.U.E., M.H., L.D.-C., E.M.M.); Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (E.Y.K.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.D.W.); Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL (A.H.V.); Northwestern University Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Evanston, IL (E.A.W.); and Computation Institute, University of Chicago, IL (L.L.P.)
| | - Megan J Puckelwartz
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (D.Y.B., M.J.P., J.U.E., M.H., L.D.-C., E.M.M.); Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (E.Y.K.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.D.W.); Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL (A.H.V.); Northwestern University Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Evanston, IL (E.A.W.); and Computation Institute, University of Chicago, IL (L.L.P.)
| | - Ellis Y Kim
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (D.Y.B., M.J.P., J.U.E., M.H., L.D.-C., E.M.M.); Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (E.Y.K.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.D.W.); Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL (A.H.V.); Northwestern University Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Evanston, IL (E.A.W.); and Computation Institute, University of Chicago, IL (L.L.P.)
| | - Lisa D Wilsbacher
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (D.Y.B., M.J.P., J.U.E., M.H., L.D.-C., E.M.M.); Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (E.Y.K.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.D.W.); Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL (A.H.V.); Northwestern University Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Evanston, IL (E.A.W.); and Computation Institute, University of Chicago, IL (L.L.P.)
| | - Andy H Vo
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (D.Y.B., M.J.P., J.U.E., M.H., L.D.-C., E.M.M.); Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (E.Y.K.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.D.W.); Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL (A.H.V.); Northwestern University Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Evanston, IL (E.A.W.); and Computation Institute, University of Chicago, IL (L.L.P.)
| | - Emily A Waters
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (D.Y.B., M.J.P., J.U.E., M.H., L.D.-C., E.M.M.); Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (E.Y.K.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.D.W.); Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL (A.H.V.); Northwestern University Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Evanston, IL (E.A.W.); and Computation Institute, University of Chicago, IL (L.L.P.)
| | - Judy U Earley
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (D.Y.B., M.J.P., J.U.E., M.H., L.D.-C., E.M.M.); Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (E.Y.K.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.D.W.); Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL (A.H.V.); Northwestern University Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Evanston, IL (E.A.W.); and Computation Institute, University of Chicago, IL (L.L.P.)
| | - Michele Hadhazy
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (D.Y.B., M.J.P., J.U.E., M.H., L.D.-C., E.M.M.); Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (E.Y.K.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.D.W.); Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL (A.H.V.); Northwestern University Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Evanston, IL (E.A.W.); and Computation Institute, University of Chicago, IL (L.L.P.)
| | - Lisa Dellefave-Castillo
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (D.Y.B., M.J.P., J.U.E., M.H., L.D.-C., E.M.M.); Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (E.Y.K.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.D.W.); Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL (A.H.V.); Northwestern University Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Evanston, IL (E.A.W.); and Computation Institute, University of Chicago, IL (L.L.P.)
| | - Lorenzo L Pesce
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (D.Y.B., M.J.P., J.U.E., M.H., L.D.-C., E.M.M.); Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (E.Y.K.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.D.W.); Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL (A.H.V.); Northwestern University Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Evanston, IL (E.A.W.); and Computation Institute, University of Chicago, IL (L.L.P.)
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (D.Y.B., M.J.P., J.U.E., M.H., L.D.-C., E.M.M.); Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (E.Y.K.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.D.W.); Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL (A.H.V.); Northwestern University Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Evanston, IL (E.A.W.); and Computation Institute, University of Chicago, IL (L.L.P.).
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Wang L, Lai G, Chu G, Liang X, Zhao Y. cMyBP-C was decreased via KLHL3-mediated proteasomal degradation in congenital heart diseases. Exp Cell Res 2017; 355:18-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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25
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Gilda JE, Gomes AV. Proteasome dysfunction in cardiomyopathies. J Physiol 2017; 595:4051-4071. [PMID: 28181243 DOI: 10.1113/jp273607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a critical role in removing unwanted intracellular proteins and is involved in protein quality control, signalling and cell death. Because the heart is subject to continuous metabolic and mechanical stress, the proteasome plays a particularly important role in the heart, and proteasome dysfunction has been suggested as a causative factor in cardiac dysfunction. Proteasome impairment has been detected in cardiomyopathies, heart failure, myocardial ischaemia, and hypertrophy. Proteasome inhibition is also sufficient to cause cardiac dysfunction in healthy pigs, and patients using a proteasome inhibitor for cancer therapy have a higher incidence of heart failure. In this Topical Review we discuss the experimental data which suggest UPS dysfunction is a common feature of cardiomyopathies, with an emphasis on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by sarcomeric mutations. We also propose potential mechanisms by which cardiomyopathy-causing mutations may lead to proteasome impairment, such as altered calcium handling and increased oxidative stress due to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Gilda
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behaviour, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Aldrin V Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behaviour, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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26
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Ntusi NA, Shaboodien G, Badri M, Gumedze F, Mayosi BM. Clinical features, spectrum of causal genetic mutations and outcome of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in South Africans. Cardiovasc J Afr 2017; 27:152-158. [PMID: 27841901 PMCID: PMC5101433 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2015-075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the clinical characteristics, spectrum of causal genetic mutations and outcome of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in Africans. The objective of this study was to delineate the clinical and genetic features and outcome of HCM in African patients. METHODS Information on clinical presentation, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings, and outcome of cases with HCM was collected from the Cardiac Clinic at Groote Schuur Hospital over a mean duration of follow up of 9.1 ± 3.4 years. Genomic DNA was screened for mutations in 15 genes that cause HCM, i.e. cardiac myosin-binding protein C (MYBPC3), cardiac β-myosin heavy chain (MYH7), cardiac troponin T2 (TNNT2), cardiac troponin I (TNNI3), regulatory light chain of myosin (MYL2), essential light chain of myosin (MYL3), tropomyosin 1 (TPM1), phospholamban (PLN), α-actin (ACTC1), cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3 (CSRP3), AMP-activated protein kinase (PRKAG2), α-galactosidase (GLA), four-and-a-half LIM domains 1 (FHL1), lamin A/C (LMNA) and lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2). Survival and its predictors were analysed using the Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression methods, respectively. RESULTS Forty-three consecutive patients [mean age 38.5 ± 14.3 years; 25 (58.1%) male; and 13 (30.2%) black African] were prospectively enrolled in the study from January 1996 to December 2012. Clinical presentation was similar to that reported in other studies. The South African founder mutations that cause HCM were not found in the 42 probands. Ten of 35 index cases (28.6%) tested for mutations in 15 genes had disease-causing mutations in MYH7 (six cases or 60%) and MYBPC3 (four cases or 40%). No disease-causing mutation was found in the other 13 genes screened. The annual mortality rate was 2.9% per annum and overall survival was 74% at 10 years, which was similar to the general South African population. Cox's proportional hazards regression showed that survival was predicted by New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class at last visit (p equals; 0.026), but not by the presence of a disease-causing mutation (p = 0.474). CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive genetic screening was associated with a 29% yield of causal genetic mutations in South African HCM cases, all in MYH7 and MBPC3 genes. A quarter of the patients had died after a decade of follow up, with NYHA functional class serving as a predictor of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntobeko A Ntusi
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and The Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. ntobeko.ntusi@ gmail.com
| | - Gasnat Shaboodien
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and The Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Motasim Badri
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and The Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Medical Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Freedom Gumedze
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bongani M Mayosi
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and The Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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27
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Mohamed IA, Krishnamoorthy NT, Nasrallah GK, Da'as SI. The Role of Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein C3 in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy-Progress and Novel Therapeutic Opportunities. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:1650-1659. [PMID: 27731493 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common autosomal dominant genetic cardiovascular disorder marked by genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Mutations in the gene encodes the cardiac myosin-binding protein C, cMYBPC3 is amongst the various sarcomeric genes that are associated with HCM. These mutations produce mutated mRNAs and truncated cMyBP-C proteins. In this review, we will discuss the implications and molecular mechanisms involved in MYBPC3 different mutations. Further, we will highlight the novel targets that can be developed into potential therapeutics for the treatment of HMC. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1650-1659, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman A Mohamed
- Department of Biomedical Science, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Navaneethakrishnan T Krishnamoorthy
- Division of Experimental Genetics, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar.,Heart Science Centre, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sahar I Da'as
- Division of Experimental Genetics, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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Lee H, Park J, Kim EE, Yoo YS, Song EJ. Proteasome inhibitors attenuated cholesterol-induced cardiac hypertrophy in H9c2 cells. BMB Rep 2017; 49:270-5. [PMID: 26592933 PMCID: PMC5070706 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2016.49.5.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) plays roles in protein degradation, cell
cycle control, and growth and inflammatory cell signaling. Dysfunction of UPS in
cardiac diseases has been seen in many studies. Cholesterol acts as an inducer
of cardiac hypertrophy. In this study, the effect of proteasome inhibitors on
the cholesterol-induced hypertrophic growth in H9c2 cells is examined in order
to observe whether UPS is involved in cardiac hypertrophy. The treatment of
proteasome inhibitors MG132 and Bortezomib markedly reduced cellular surface
area and mRNA expression of β-MHC in cholesterol-induced cardiac
hypertrophy. In addition, activated AKT and ERK were significantly attenuated by
MG132 and Bortezomib in cholesterol-induced cardiac hypertrophy. We demonstrated
that cholesterol-induced cardiac hypertrophy was suppressed by proteasome
inhibitors. Thus, regulatory mechanism of cholesterol-induced cardiac
hypertrophy by proteasome inhibitors may provide a new therapeutic strategy to
prevent the progression of heart failure. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(5): 270-275]
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjung Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Jinyoung Park
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Eunice EunKyeong Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Young Sook Yoo
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Song
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
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29
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The genetic basis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats and humans. J Vet Cardiol 2016; 17 Suppl 1:S53-73. [PMID: 26776594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in genes that encode for muscle sarcomeric proteins have been identified in humans and two breeds of domestic cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). This article reviews the history, genetics, and pathogenesis of HCM in the two species in order to give veterinarians a perspective on the genetics of HCM. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in people is a genetic disease that has been called a disease of the sarcomere because the preponderance of mutations identified that cause HCM are in genes that encode for sarcomeric proteins (Maron and Maron, 2013). Sarcomeres are the basic contractile units of muscle and thus sarcomeric proteins are responsible for the strength, speed, and extent of muscle contraction. In people with HCM, the two most common genes affected by HCM mutations are the myosin heavy chain gene (MYH7), the gene that encodes for the motor protein β-myosin heavy chain (the sarcomeric protein that splits ATP to generate force), and the cardiac myosin binding protein-C gene (MYBPC3), a gene that encodes for the closely related structural and regulatory protein, cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C). To date, the two mutations linked to HCM in domestic cats (one each in Maine Coon and Ragdoll breeds) also occur in MYBPC3 (Meurs et al., 2005, 2007). This is a review of the genetics of HCM in both humans and domestic cats that focuses on the aspects of human genetics that are germane to veterinarians and on all aspects of feline HCM genetics.
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30
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Yang N, Yu F, Shao G, Fu Y, Kong W. The E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl mediates integrin β1 ubiquitination during dilated cardiomyopathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:728-735. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Wijnker PJM, Friedrich FW, Dutsch A, Reischmann S, Eder A, Mannhardt I, Mearini G, Eschenhagen T, van der Velden J, Carrier L. Comparison of the effects of a truncating and a missense MYBPC3 mutation on contractile parameters of engineered heart tissue. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 97:82-92. [PMID: 27108529 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a cardiac genetic disease characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction and myocardial disarray. The most frequently mutated gene is MYBPC3, encoding cardiac myosin-binding protein-C (cMyBP-C). We compared the pathomechanisms of a truncating mutation (c.2373_2374insG) and a missense mutation (c.1591G>C) in MYBPC3 in engineered heart tissue (EHT). EHTs enable to study the direct effects of mutants without interference of secondary disease-related changes. EHTs were generated from Mybpc3-targeted knock-out (KO) and wild-type (WT) mouse cardiac cells. MYBPC3 WT and mutants were expressed in KO EHTs via adeno-associated virus. KO EHTs displayed higher maximal force and sensitivity to external [Ca(2+)] than WT EHTs. Expression of WT-Mybpc3 at MOI-100 resulted in ~73% cMyBP-C level but did not prevent the KO phenotype, whereas MOI-300 resulted in ≥95% cMyBP-C level and prevented the KO phenotype. Expression of the truncating or missense mutation (MOI-300) or their combination with WT (MOI-150 each), mimicking the homozygous or heterozygous disease state, respectively, failed to restore force to WT level. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed correct incorporation of WT and missense, but not of truncated cMyBP-C in the sarcomere. In conclusion, this study provides evidence in KO EHTs that i) haploinsufficiency affects EHT contractile function if WT cMyBP-C protein levels are ≤73%, ii) missense or truncating mutations, but not WT do not fully restore the disease phenotype and have different pathogenic mechanisms, e.g. sarcomere poisoning for the missense mutation, iii) the direct impact of (newly identified) MYBPC3 gene variants can be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J M Wijnker
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felix W Friedrich
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexander Dutsch
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Silke Reischmann
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexandra Eder
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ingra Mannhardt
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Giulia Mearini
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany.
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32
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Gilda JE, Lai X, Witzmann FA, Gomes AV. Delineation of Molecular Pathways Involved in Cardiomyopathies Caused by Troponin T Mutations. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:1962-81. [PMID: 27022107 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.057380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) is associated with mild to severe cardiac problems and is the leading cause of sudden death in young people and athletes. Although the genetic basis for FHC is well-established, the molecular mechanisms that ultimately lead to cardiac dysfunction are not well understood. To obtain important insights into the molecular mechanism(s) involved in FHC, hearts from two FHC troponin T models (Ile79Asn [I79N] and Arg278Cys [R278C]) were investigated using label-free proteomics and metabolomics. Mutations in troponin T are the third most common cause of FHC, and the I79N mutation is associated with a high risk of sudden cardiac death. Most FHC-causing mutations, including I79N, increase the Ca(2+) sensitivity of the myofilament; however, the R278C mutation does not alter Ca(2+) sensitivity and is associated with a better prognosis than most FHC mutations. Out of more than 1200 identified proteins, 53 and 76 proteins were differentially expressed in I79N and R278C hearts, respectively, when compared with wild-type hearts. Interestingly, more than 400 proteins were differentially expressed when the I79N and R278C hearts were directly compared. The three major pathways affected in I79N hearts relative to R278C and wild-type hearts were the ubiquitin-proteasome system, antioxidant systems, and energy production pathways. Further investigation of the proteasome system using Western blotting and activity assays showed that proteasome dysfunction occurs in I79N hearts. Metabolomic results corroborate the proteomic data and suggest the glycolytic, citric acid, and electron transport chain pathways are important pathways that are altered in I79N hearts relative to R278C or wild-type hearts. Our findings suggest that impaired energy production and protein degradation dysfunction are important mechanisms in FHCs associated with poor prognosis and that cardiac hypertrophy is not likely needed for a switch from fatty acid to glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xianyin Lai
- ¶Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Frank A Witzmann
- ¶Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Aldrin V Gomes
- From the ‡Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, §Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616;
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33
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Cardiac myosin-binding protein C (MYBPC3) in cardiac pathophysiology. Gene 2015; 573:188-97. [PMID: 26358504 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
More than 350 individual MYPBC3 mutations have been identified in patients with inherited hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), thus representing 40–50% of all HCM mutations, making it the most frequently mutated gene in HCM. HCM is considered a disease of the sarcomere and is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy, myocyte disarray and diastolic dysfunction. MYBPC3 encodes for the thick filament associated protein cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C), a signaling node in cardiac myocytes that contributes to the maintenance of sarcomeric structure and regulation of contraction and relaxation. This review aims to provide a succinct overview of how mutations in MYBPC3 are considered to affect the physiological function of cMyBP-C, thus causing the deleterious consequences observed inHCM patients. Importantly, recent advances to causally treat HCM by repairing MYBPC3 mutations by gene therapy are discussed here, providing a promising alternative to heart transplantation for patients with a fatal form of neonatal cardiomyopathy due to bi-allelic truncating MYBPC3 mutations.
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34
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Thottakara T, Friedrich FW, Reischmann S, Braumann S, Schlossarek S, Krämer E, Juhr D, Schlüter H, van der Velden J, Münch J, Patten M, Eschenhagen T, Moog-Lutz C, Carrier L. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Asb2β is downregulated in a mouse model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and targets desmin for proteasomal degradation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 87:214-24. [PMID: 26343497 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an autosomal-dominant disease with mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Previous findings suggest deregulation of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) in HCM in humans and in a mouse model of HCM (Mybpc3-targeted knock-in (KI) mice). In this study we investigated transcript levels of several muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases in KI mice and aimed at identifying novel protein targets. METHODS AND RESULTS Out of 9 muscle-specific E3 ligases, Asb2β was found with the lowest mRNA level in KI compared to wild-type (WT) mice. After adenoviral-mediated Asb2β transduction of WT neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes with either a WT or inactive Asb2β mutant, desmin was identified as a new target of Asb2β by mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed a co-localization of desmin with Asb2β at the Z-disk of the sarcomere. Knock-down of Asb2β in cardiomyocytes resulted in higher desmin protein levels. Furthermore, desmin levels were higher in ventricular samples of HCM mice and patients than controls. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies desmin as a new Asb2β target for proteasomal degradation in cardiomyocytes and suggests that accumulation of desmin could contribute to UPS impairment in HCM mice and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilo Thottakara
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany;; University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix W Friedrich
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany;.
| | - Silke Reischmann
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Simon Braumann
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Saskia Schlossarek
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Krämer
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Denise Juhr
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Julia Münch
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany;; University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Monica Patten
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany;; University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christel Moog-Lutz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, Toulouse, France;; Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany;.
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35
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Wu W, Lu CX, Wang YN, Liu F, Chen W, Liu YT, Han YC, Cao J, Zhang SY, Zhang X. Novel Phenotype-Genotype Correlations of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy With Myosin-Binding Protein C (MYBPC3) Gene Mutations Tested by Next-Generation Sequencing. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:JAHA.115.001879. [PMID: 26163040 PMCID: PMC4608072 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.001879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MYBPC3 dysfunctions have been proven to induce dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and/or left ventricular noncompaction; however, the genotype-phenotype correlation between MYBPC3 and restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) has not been established. The newly developed next-generation sequencing method is capable of broad genomic DNA sequencing with high throughput and can help explore novel correlations between genetic variants and cardiomyopathies. METHODS AND RESULTS A proband from a multigenerational family with 3 live patients and 1 unrelated patient with clinical diagnoses of RCM underwent a next-generation sequencing workflow based on a custom AmpliSeq panel, including 64 candidate pathogenic genes for cardiomyopathies, on the Ion Personal Genome Machine high-throughput sequencing benchtop instrument. The selected panel contained a total of 64 genes that were reportedly associated with inherited cardiomyopathies. All patients fulfilled strict criteria for RCM with clinical characteristics, echocardiography, and/or cardiac magnetic resonance findings. The multigenerational family with 3 adult RCM patients carried an identical nonsense MYBPC3 mutation, and the unrelated patient carried a missense mutation in the MYBPC3 gene. All of these results were confirmed by the Sanger sequencing method. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that MYBPC3 gene mutations, revealed by next-generation sequencing, were associated with familial and sporadic RCM patients. It is suggested that the next-generation sequencing platform with a selected panel provides a highly efficient approach for molecular diagnosis of hereditary and idiopathic RCM and helps build new genotype-phenotype correlations.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive/diagnosis
- Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive/mortality
- Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive/physiopathology
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Codon, Nonsense
- DNA Mutational Analysis/methods
- Echocardiography, Doppler, Color
- Echocardiography, Transesophageal
- Electrocardiography
- Female
- Genetic Association Studies
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genetic Testing/methods
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods
- Humans
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation, Missense
- Pedigree
- Phenotype
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Prognosis
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnosis
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/genetics
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/mortality
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Function, Left/genetics
- Workflow
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Chao-Xia Lu
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Yi-Ning Wang
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Yong-Tai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Ye-Chen Han
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Shu-Yang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
- Correspondence to: Shu-Yang Zhang, MD, Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, No. 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Beijing 100730, China. E-mail:
| | - Xue Zhang
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
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An Investigation of the Molecular Mechanism of Double cMyBP-C Mutation in a Patient with End-Stage Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2015; 8:232-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s12265-015-9624-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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37
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Duncker DJ, Bakkers J, Brundel BJ, Robbins J, Tardiff JC, Carrier L. Animal and in silico models for the study of sarcomeric cardiomyopathies. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 105:439-48. [PMID: 25600962 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, our understanding of cardiomyopathies has improved dramatically, due to improvements in screening and detection of gene defects in the human genome as well as a variety of novel animal models (mouse, zebrafish, and drosophila) and in silico computational models. These novel experimental tools have created a platform that is highly complementary to the naturally occurring cardiomyopathies in cats and dogs that had been available for some time. A fully integrative approach, which incorporates all these modalities, is likely required for significant steps forward in understanding the molecular underpinnings and pathogenesis of cardiomyopathies. Finally, novel technologies, including CRISPR/Cas9, which have already been proved to work in zebrafish, are currently being employed to engineer sarcomeric cardiomyopathy in larger animals, including pigs and non-human primates. In the mouse, the increased speed with which these techniques can be employed to engineer precise 'knock-in' models that previously took years to make via multiple rounds of homologous recombination-based gene targeting promises multiple and precise models of human cardiac disease for future study. Such novel genetically engineered animal models recapitulating human sarcomeric protein defects will help bridging the gap to translate therapeutic targets from small animal and in silico models to the human patient with sarcomeric cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk J Duncker
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca J Brundel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeff Robbins
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jil C Tardiff
- Department of Medicine and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
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38
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Kuster DWD, Govindan S, Springer TI, Martin JL, Finley NL, Sadayappan S. A hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-associated MYBPC3 mutation common in populations of South Asian descent causes contractile dysfunction. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:5855-67. [PMID: 25583989 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.607911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) results from mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins, most often MYBPC3, which encodes cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C). A recently discovered HCM-associated 25-base pair deletion in MYBPC3 is inherited in millions worldwide. Although this mutation causes changes in the C10 domain of cMyBP-C (cMyBP-C(C10mut)), which binds to the light meromyosin (LMM) region of the myosin heavy chain, the underlying molecular mechanism causing HCM is unknown. In this study, adenoviral expression of cMyBP-C(C10mut) in cultured adult rat cardiomyocytes was used to investigate protein localization and evaluate contractile function and Ca(2+) transients, compared with wild-type cMyBP-C expression (cMyBP-C(WT)) and controls. Forty-eight hours after infection, 44% of cMyBP-C(WT) and 36% of cMyBP-C(C10mut) protein levels were determined in total lysates, confirming equal expression. Immunofluorescence experiments showed little or no localization of cMyBP-C(C10mut) to the C-zone, whereas cMyBP-C(WT) mostly showed C-zone staining, suggesting that cMyBP-C(C10mut) could not properly integrate in the C-zone of the sarcomere. Subcellular fractionation confirmed that most cMyBP-C(C10mut) resided in the soluble fraction, with reduced presence in the myofilament fraction. Also, cMyBP-C(C10mut) displayed significantly reduced fractional shortening, sarcomere shortening, and relaxation velocities, apparently caused by defects in sarcomere function, because Ca(2+) transients were unaffected. Co-sedimentation and protein cross-linking assays confirmed that C10(mut) causes the loss of C10 domain interaction with myosin LMM. Protein homology modeling studies showed significant structural perturbation in cMyBP-C(C10mut), providing a potential structural basis for the alteration in its mode of interaction with myosin LMM. Therefore, expression of cMyBP-C(C10mut) protein is sufficient to cause contractile dysfunction in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diederik W D Kuster
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, and
| | - Suresh Govindan
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, and
| | | | - Jody L Martin
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, and
| | - Natosha L Finley
- the Department of Microbiology and the Cell, Molecular, and Structural Biology Program, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, and
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Drews O, Taegtmeyer H. Targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system in heart disease: the basis for new therapeutic strategies. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:2322-43. [PMID: 25133688 PMCID: PMC4241867 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Novel therapeutic strategies to treat heart failure are greatly needed. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) affects the structure and function of cardiac cells through targeted degradation of signaling and structural proteins. This review discusses both beneficial and detrimental consequences of modulating the UPS in the heart. RECENT ADVANCES Proteasome inhibitors were first used to test the role of the UPS in cardiac disease phenotypes, indicating therapeutic potential. In early cardiac remodeling and pathological hypertrophy with increased proteasome activities, proteasome inhibition prevented or restricted disease progression and contractile dysfunction. Conversely, enhancing proteasome activities by genetic manipulation, pharmacological intervention, or ischemic preconditioning also improved the outcome of cardiomyopathies and infarcted hearts with impaired cardiac and UPS function, which is, at least in part, caused by oxidative damage. CRITICAL ISSUES An understanding of the UPS status and the underlying mechanisms for its potential deregulation in cardiac disease is critical for targeted interventions. Several studies indicate that type and stage of cardiac disease influence the dynamics of UPS regulation in a nonlinear and multifactorial manner. Proteasome inhibitors targeting all proteasome complexes are associated with cardiotoxicity in humans. Furthermore, the type and dosage of proteasome inhibitor impact the pathogenesis in nonuniform ways. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Systematic analysis and targeting of individual UPS components with established and innovative tools will unravel and discriminate regulatory mechanisms that contribute to and protect against the progression of cardiac disease. Integrating this knowledge in drug design may reduce adverse effects on the heart as observed in patients treated with proteasome inhibitors against noncardiac diseases, especially cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Drews
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology , Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Apoptosis induced by an uromodulin mutant C112Y and its suppression by topiroxostat. Clin Exp Nephrol 2014; 19:576-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s10157-014-1032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Jääskeläinen P, Heliö T, Aalto-Setälä K, Kaartinen M, Ilveskoski E, Hämäläinen L, Melin J, Kärkkäinen S, Peuhkurinen K, Nieminen MS, Laakso M, Kuusisto J. A new common mutation in the cardiac beta-myosin heavy chain gene in Finnish patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Ann Med 2014; 46:424-9. [PMID: 24888384 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2014.912834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the nationwide FinHCM Study including 306 Finnish patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), we have previously identified two founder mutations in the alpha-tropomyosin (TPM1-D175N) and myosin-binding protein C (MYBPC3-Q1061X) genes, accounting for 18% of all cases. Objective. To screen additional mutations, previously identified in eastern Finnish cohorts with HCM, in the FinHCM Study population. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ten mutations in the beta-myosin heavy chain gene (MYH7), TPM1, and MYBPC3 were screened. RESULTS MYH7-R1053Q was found in 17 of 306 patients (5.6%). No carriers of MYH7-R719W or N696S were found. A novel TPM1-D175G mutation was found in a single patient. MYBPC3 mutations were found in 14 patients: IVS5-2A-C in two, IVS14-13G-A in two, K811del in six, and A851insT in four patients. Altogether, a HCM-causing mutation was identified in 32 patients, accounting for 10.5% of all cases. In addition, two MYBPC3 variants R326Q and V896M with uncertain pathogenicity were found in eight and in 10 patients, respectively. CONCLUSION Combining the present findings with our previous results, a causative mutation was identified in 28% of the FinHCM cohort. MYH7-R1053Q was the third most common mutation, and should be screened in all new cases of HCM in Finland.
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Chondrogianni N, Sakellari M, Lefaki M, Papaevgeniou N, Gonos ES. Proteasome activation delays aging in vitro and in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 71:303-320. [PMID: 24681338 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a natural biological process that is characterized by a progressive accumulation of macromolecular damage. In the proteome, aging is accompanied by decreased protein homeostasis and function of the major cellular proteolytic systems, leading to the accumulation of unfolded, misfolded, or aggregated proteins. In particular, the proteasome is responsible for the removal of normal as well as damaged or misfolded proteins. Extensive work during the past several years has clearly demonstrated that proteasome activation by either genetic means or use of compounds significantly retards aging. Importantly, this represents a common feature across evolution, thereby suggesting proteasome activation to be an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of aging and longevity regulation. This review article reports on the means of function of these proteasome activators and how they regulate aging in various species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Chondrogianni
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, 116 35 Athens, Greece.
| | - Marianthi Sakellari
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, 116 35 Athens, Greece; Örebro University Medical School, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maria Lefaki
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Papaevgeniou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, 116 35 Athens, Greece; Örebro University Medical School, Örebro, Sweden
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Rare variants in genes encoding MuRF1 and MuRF2 are modifiers of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:9302-13. [PMID: 24865491 PMCID: PMC4100095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15069302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Modifier genes contribute to the diverse clinical manifestations of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but are still largely unknown. Muscle ring finger (MuRF) proteins are a class of muscle-specific ubiquitin E3-ligases that appear to modulate cardiac mass and function by regulating the ubiquitin-proteasome system. In this study we screened all the three members of the MuRF family, MuRF1, MuRF2 and MuRF3, in 594 unrelated HCM patients and 307 healthy controls by targeted resequencing. Identified rare variants were confirmed by capillary Sanger sequencing. The prevalence of rare variants in both MuRF1 and MuRF2 in HCM patients was higher than that in control subjects (MuRF1 13/594 (2.2%) vs. 1/307 (0.3%), p = 0.04; MuRF2 22/594 (3.7%) vs. 2/307 (0.7%); p = 0.007). Patients with rare variants in MuRF1 or MuRF2 were younger (p = 0.04) and had greater maximum left ventricular wall thickness (p = 0.006) than those without such variants. Mutations in genes encoding sarcomere proteins were present in 19 (55.9%) of the 34 HCM patients with rare variants in MuRF1 and MuRF2. These data strongly supported that rare variants in MuRF1 and MuRF2 are associated with higher penetrance and more severe clinical manifestations of HCM. The findings suggest that dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system contributes to the pathogenesis of HCM.
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Schlossarek S, Frey N, Carrier L. Ubiquitin-proteasome system and hereditary cardiomyopathies. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 71:25-31. [PMID: 24380728 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adequate protein turnover is essential for cardiac homeostasis. Different protein quality controls are involved in the maintenance of protein homeostasis, including molecular chaperones and co-chaperones, the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). In the last decade, a series of evidence has underlined a major function of the UPS in cardiac physiology and disease. Particularly, recent studies have shown that dysfunctional proteasomal function leads to cardiac disorders. Hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies are the two most prevalent inherited cardiomyopathies. Both are primarily transmitted as an autosomal-dominant trait and mainly caused by mutations in genes encoding components of the cardiac sarcomere, including a relevant striated muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase. A growing body of evidence indicates impairment of the UPS in inherited cardiomyopathies as determined by measurement of the level of ubiquitinated proteins, the activities of the proteasome and/or the use of fluorescent UPS reporter substrates. The present review will propose mechanisms of UPS impairment in inherited cardiomyopathies, summarize the potential consequences of UPS impairment, including activation of the unfolded protein response, and underline some therapeutic options available to restore proteasome function and therefore cardiac homeostasis and function. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Protein Quality Control, the Ubiquitin Proteasome System, and Autophagy".
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Schlossarek
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; Inserm, U974, Paris F-75013, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie- Paris 6, UM 76, CNRS, UMR 7215, Institut de Myologie, IFR14, Paris F-75013, France.
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Endo R, Notsu T, Mishima M, Morikawa K, Li P, Ikeda N, Ninomiya H, Shirayoshi Y, Hisatome I. Bepridil Suppresses Apoptosis in HL-1 Cardiac Atrial Myocytes Expressing Mutant E334K cMyBPC. Yonago Acta Med 2013; 56:93-95. [PMID: 24574578 PMCID: PMC3935176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Besides its antiarrhythmic effect on atrial fibrillation, bepridil protects tissue, yet its effect on apoptosis has never been fully tested. We examine the effect of bepridil on apoptosis of HL-1 cells expressing E334K myosin-binding protein C (MyBPC), a model cell of apoptosis. Bepridil was compared with amiodarone, and its effects on the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic protein and apoptosis of HL-1 cells expressing mutant E334K MyBPC-green fluorescent protein (GFP) was analyzed using Western blot and a flow cytometer. Bepridil decreased the protein levels of both Bax and cytochrome c of cells expressing E334K MyBPC-GFP with no changes in p53 and Bcl-2, while amiodarone decreased cytochrome c but did not influence Bax except in its highest concentration. It also decreased the number of Annexin-V positive cells of HL-1 cells expressing E334K MyBPC-GFP, and decreased apoptosis of HL-1 cells expressing E334K MyBPC-GFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Endo
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Tomomi Notsu
- †Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Mishima
- †Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kumi Morikawa
- †Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Peili Li
- †Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Ikeda
- †Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Haruaki Ninomiya
- ‡Department of Biological Regulation, School of Health Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Shirayoshi
- †Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- †Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
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Gilda JE, Gomes AV. How phosphorylated can it get? Cardiac myosin binding protein C phosphorylation in heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 62:108-10. [PMID: 23732927 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Abstract
Proper protein turnover is required for cardiac homeostasis and, accordingly, impaired proteasomal function appears to contribute to heart disease. Specific proteasomal degradation mechanisms underlying cardiovascular biology and disease have been identified, and such cellular pathways have been proposed to be targets of clinical relevance. This review summarizes the latest literature regarding the specific E3 ligases involved in heart biology, and the general ways that the proteasome regulates protein quality control in heart disease. The potential for therapeutic intervention in Ubiquitin Proteasome System function in heart disease is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Pagan
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Vignier N, Le Corvoisier P, Blard C, Sambin L, Azibani F, Schlossarek S, Delcayre C, Carrier L, Hittinger L, Su JB. AT1 blockade abolishes left ventricular hypertrophy in heterozygous cMyBP-C null mice: role of FHL1. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2013; 28:249-56. [PMID: 23600722 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This research investigated the impact of angiotensin AT1 receptor (Agtr1) blockade on left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy in a mouse model of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which carries one functional allele of Mybpc3 gene coding cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C). Five-month-old heterozygous cMyBP-C knockout (Het-KO) and wild-type mice were treated with irbesartan (50 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 8 weeks. Arterial blood pressure was measured by tail cuff plethysmography. LV dimension and function were accessed by echocardiography. Myocardial gene expression was evaluated using RT-qPCR. Compared with wild-type littermates, Het-KO mice had greater LV/body weight ratio (4.0 ± 0.1 vs. 3.3 ± 0.1 mg/g, P < 0.001), thicker interventricular septal wall (0.70 ± 0.02 vs. 0.65 ± 0.01 mm, P < 0.02), lower Mybpc3 mRNA level (-43%, P < 0.02), higher four-and-a-half LIM domains 1 (Fhl1, +110%, P < 0.01), and angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (Ace1, +67%, P < 0.05), but unchanged Agtr1 mRNA levels in the septum. Treatment with irbesartan had no effect in wild-type mice but abolished septum-predominant LV hypertrophy and Fhl1 upregulation without changes in Ace1 but with an increased Agtr1 (+42%) in Het-KO mice. Thus, septum-predominant LV hypertrophy in Het-KO mice is combined with higher Fhl1 expression, which can be abolished by AT1 receptor blockade, indicating a role of the renin-angiotensin system and Fhl1 in cMyBP-C-related HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Vignier
- Institut de Myologie, Inserm, U974, F-75013, Paris, France; Institut de Myologie, IFR14, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR-S974, UM76, CNRS, UMR7215, F-75013, Paris, France
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Abstract
Maintenance of protein quality control is a critical function of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). Evidence is rapidly mounting to link proteasome dysfunction with a multitude of cardiac diseases, including ischemia, reperfusion, atherosclerosis, hypertrophy, heart failure, and cardiomyopathies. Recent studies have demonstrated a remarkable level of complexity in the regulation of the UPS in the heart and suggest that our understanding of how UPS dysfunction might contribute to the pathophysiology of such a wide range of cardiac afflictions is still very limited. Whereas experimental systems, including animal models, are invaluable for exploring mechanisms and establishing pathogenicity of UPS dysfunction in cardiac disease, studies using human heart tissue provide a vital adjunct for establishing clinical relevance of experimental findings and promoting new hypotheses. Accordingly, this review will focus on UPS dysfunction in human dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies and highlight areas rich for further study in this expanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharlene M Day
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Chen SN, Czernuszewicz G, Tan Y, Lombardi R, Jin J, Willerson JT, Marian AJ. Human molecular genetic and functional studies identify TRIM63, encoding Muscle RING Finger Protein 1, as a novel gene for human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circ Res 2012; 111:907-19. [PMID: 22821932 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.270207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE A delicate balance between protein synthesis and degradation maintains cardiac size and function. TRIM63 encoding Muscle RING Finger 1 (MuRF1) maintains muscle protein homeostasis by tagging the sarcomere proteins with ubiquitin for subsequent degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). OBJECTIVE To determine the pathogenic role of TRIM63 in human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). METHODS AND RESULTS Sequencing of TRIM63 gene in 302 HCM probands (250 white individuals) and 339 control subjects (262 white individuals) led to identification of 2 missense (p.A48V and p.I130M) and a deletion (p.Q247*) variants exclusively in the HCM probands. These 3 variants were absent in 751 additional control subjects screened by TaqMan assays. Likewise, rare variants were enriched in the white HCM population (11/250, 4.4% versus 3/262, 1.1%, respectively, P=0.024). Expression of the mutant TRIM63 was associated with mislocalization of TRIM63 to sarcomere Z disks, impaired auto-ubiquitination, reduced ubiquitination and UPS-mediated degradation of myosin heavy chain 6, cardiac myosin binding protein C, calcineurin (PPP3CB), and p-MTOR in adult cardiac myocytes. Induced expression of the mutant TRIM63 in the mouse heart was associated with cardiac hypertrophy, activation of the MTOR-S6K and calcineurin pathways, and expression of the hypertrophic markers, which were normalized on turning off expression of the mutant protein. CONCLUSIONS TRIM63 mutations, identified in patients with HCM, impart loss-of-function effects on E3 ligase activity and are probably causal mutations in HCM. The findings implicate impaired protein degradation in the pathogenesis of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet Nee Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Texas Heart Institute at St Luke's Episcopal Hospital, 6770 Bertner St, Suite C900A, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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