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Moreno-Jiménez I, Heinig S, Heras U, Maichl DS, Strifler S, Leich E, Blouin S, Fratzl P, Fratzl-Zelman N, Jundt F, Cipitria A. 3D osteocyte lacunar morphometry of human bone biopsies with high resolution microCT: From monoclonal gammopathy to newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Bone 2024; 189:117236. [PMID: 39151745 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Osteocytes are mechanosensitive, bone-embedded cells which are connected via dendrites in a lacuno-canalicular network and regulate bone resorption and formation balance. Alterations in osteocyte lacunar volume, shape and density have been identified in conditions of aging, osteoporosis and osteolytic bone metastasis, indicating patterns of impaired bone remodeling, osteolysis and disease progression. Osteolytic bone disease is a hallmark of the hematologic malignancy multiple myeloma (MM), in which monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow disrupt the bone homeostasis and induce excessive resorption at local and distant sites. Qualitative and quantitative changes in the 3D osteocyte lacunar morphometry have not yet been evaluated in MM, nor in the precursor conditions monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM). In this study, we characterized the osteocyte lacunar morphology in trabecular bone of the iliac crest at the ultrastructural level using high resolution microCT in human bone biopsy samples of three MGUS, two SMM and six newly diagnosed MM. In MGUS, SMM and MM we found a trend for lower lacunar density and a shift towards larger lacunae with disease progression (higher 50 % cutoff of the lacunar volume cumulative distribution) in the small osteocyte lacunae 20-900 μm3 range compared to control samples. In the larger lacunae 900-3000 μm3 range, we detected significantly higher lacunar density and microporosity in the MM group compared to the MGUS/SMM group. Regarding the shape distribution, the MGUS/SMM group showed a trend for flatter, more elongated and anisotropic osteocyte lacunae compared to the control group. Altogether, our findings suggest that osteocytes in human MM bone disease undergo changes in their lacunae density, volume and shape, which could be an indicator for osteolysis and disease progression. Future studies are needed to understand whether alterations of the lacunae architecture affect the mechanoresponsiveness of osteocytes, and ultimately bone adaptation and fracture resistance in MM and its precursors conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Moreno-Jiménez
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Sharen Heinig
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Unai Heras
- Group of Bioengineering in Regeneration and Cancer, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Daniela Simone Maichl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Strifler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ellen Leich
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stéphane Blouin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nadja Fratzl-Zelman
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Jundt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Amaia Cipitria
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Group of Bioengineering in Regeneration and Cancer, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain.
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Vercher-Martínez A, Megías R, Belda R, Vargas P, Giner E. Estimation of the in-plane ultimate stress of lamellar tissue as a function of bone mineral density and osteocyte lacunae porosity. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 248:108120. [PMID: 38492277 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Detailed finite element models based on medical images (μ-CT) are commonly used to analyze the mechanical behavior of bone at microscale. In order to simulate the tissue failure onset, isotropic failure criteria of lamellar tissue are often used, despite its non-isotropic and heterogeneous nature. The main goal of the present work is to estimate the in-plane ultimate stress of lamellar bone, considering the influence of mineral content and the porosity due to the osteocyte lacunae concentration. METHODS To this aim, a representative volume cell of lamellar tissue is modeled numerically, including: (1) non-isotropic elastic properties of tissue as a function of the bone mineral density and (2) explicit modeling of the osteocyte lacunae, considering the range of porosity content, size and orientation of ellipsoid-shaped lacunae. Firstly, the element size for the finite element models have been defined from a preliminary convergence analysis. Bounds on the ultimate stress of non-porous lamellar tissue are estimated for two values of bone mineral density, considering the results of tensile and compressive tests of wet osteons from the literature. Subsequently, the ultimate stress of lamellar tissue considering several values of micro-porosity is addressed. RESULTS Results obtained in this work show that the strength of lamellar bone decreases exponentially with the increase of lacunae porosity concentration. Ultimate stress of non-porous tissue (p=0%) increases with high mineral content, reaching a value of S¯transc=355.40±39.80 MPa for compression in the transversal direction of the fiber bundles, being BMD=1.246g/cm3. The mean value for the longitudinal to transverse strength ratio evaluated for porosity p=0%,1% and 5% and a mineral content BMD=1.2g/cm3, is 2.47:1 for tension and 1.55:1 for compression. These values are in agreement with literature. CONCLUSIONS Osteocyte lacunae act as stress concentrators, acting as potential stimulus for the bone regeneration process. A novel micromechanical model for the in-plane ultimate stress of lamellar tissue as a function of mineral content and lacunae concentration is presented. Additional considerations about the intralamellar shear stress evolution are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vercher-Martínez
- Dept. de Ingeniería Mecánica y de Materiales, Instituto de Ingeniería Mecánica y Biomecánica de Valencia - I2MB, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, Building 5E, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Raquel Megías
- Dept. de Ingeniería Mecánica y de Materiales, Instituto de Ingeniería Mecánica y Biomecánica de Valencia - I2MB, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, Building 5E, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Belda
- Dept. de Ingeniería Mecánica y de Materiales, Instituto de Ingeniería Mecánica y Biomecánica de Valencia - I2MB, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, Building 5E, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Dept. de Ingeniería Mecánica y de Materiales, Instituto de Ingeniería Mecánica y Biomecánica de Valencia - I2MB, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, Building 5E, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eugenio Giner
- Dept. de Ingeniería Mecánica y de Materiales, Instituto de Ingeniería Mecánica y Biomecánica de Valencia - I2MB, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, Building 5E, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Migotsky N, Kumar S, Shuster JT, Coulombe JC, Senwar B, Gestos AA, Farber CR, Ferguson VL, Silva MJ. Multi-scale cortical bone traits vary in females and males from two mouse models of genetic diversity. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziae019. [PMID: 38634075 PMCID: PMC11021811 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic basis of cortical bone traits can allow for the discovery of novel genes or biological pathways regulating bone health. Mice are the most widely used mammalian model for skeletal biology and allow for the quantification of traits that cannot easily be evaluated in humans, such as osteocyte lacunar morphology. The goal of our study was to investigate the effect of genetic diversity on multi-scale cortical bone traits of 3 long bones in skeletally-mature mice. We measured bone morphology, mechanical properties, material properties, lacunar morphology, and mineral composition of mouse bones from 2 populations of genetic diversity. Additionally, we compared how intrabone relationships varied in the 2 populations. Our first population of genetic diversity included 72 females and 72 males from the 8 inbred founder strains used to create the Diversity Outbred (DO) population. These 8 strains together span almost 90% of the genetic diversity found in mice (Mus musculus). Our second population of genetic diversity included 25 genetically unique, outbred females and 25 males from the DO population. We show that multi-scale cortical bone traits vary significantly with genetic background; heritability values range from 21% to 99% indicating genetic control of bone traits across length scales. We show for the first time that lacunar shape and number are highly heritable. Comparing the 2 populations of genetic diversity, we show that each DO mouse does not resemble a single inbred founder, but instead the outbred mice display hybrid phenotypes with the elimination of extreme values. Additionally, intrabone relationships (eg, ultimate force vs. cortical area) were mainly conserved in our 2 populations. Overall, this work supports future use of these genetically diverse populations to discover novel genes contributing to cortical bone traits, especially at the lacunar length scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Migotsky
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Surabhi Kumar
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - John T Shuster
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Jennifer C Coulombe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Bhavya Senwar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Adrian A Gestos
- Materials Instrumentation and Multimodal Imaging Core, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Charles R Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Virginia L Ferguson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
- Materials Instrumentation and Multimodal Imaging Core, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Matthew J Silva
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
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Zanner S, Goff E, Ghatan S, Wölfel EM, Ejersted C, Kuhn G, Müller R, Frost M. Microvascular Disease Associates with Larger Osteocyte Lacunae in Cortical Bone in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10832. [PMID: 38025042 PMCID: PMC10652180 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies indicate that microvascular disease (MVD) affects bone microstructure and decreases bone strength in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Osteocytes are housed in small voids within the bone matrix and lacunae and act as sensors of mechanical forces in bone. These cells regulate osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation as well as osteocytic perilacunar remodeling. We hypothesized that MVD changes morphometric osteocyte lacunar parameters in individuals with T2D. We collected iliac crest bone biopsies from 35 individuals (10 female, 25 male) with T2D with MVD (15%) or without MVD (21%) with a median age of 67 years (interquartile range [IQR] 62-72 years). The participants were included based on c-peptide levels >700 pmol L-1, absence of anti-GAD65 antibodies, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels between 40 and 82 mmol mol-1 or 5.8% and 9.7%, respectively. We assessed osteocyte lacunar morphometric parameters in trabecular and cortical bone regions using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) at a nominal resolution of 1.2 μm voxel size. The cortical osteocyte lacunar volume (Lc.V) was 7.7% larger (p = 0.05) and more spherical (Lc.Sr, p < 0.01) in the T2D + MVD group. Using linear regression, we found that lacunar density (Lc.N/BV) in trabecular but not cortical bone was associated with HbA1c (p < 0.05, R 2 = 0.067) independently of MVD. Furthermore, Lc.V was larger and Lc.Sr higher in the center than in the periphery of the trabecular and cortical bone regions (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these data imply that MVD may impair skeletal integrity, possibly contributing to increased skeletal fragility in T2D complicated by MVD. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zanner
- Molecular Endocrinology Department, Department MOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- Clinical InstituteUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Elliott Goff
- Institute for BiomechanicsETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Samuel Ghatan
- Department of Internal MedicineErasmus MC University—Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eva Maria Wölfel
- Molecular Endocrinology Department, Department MOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
| | | | - Gisela Kuhn
- Institute for BiomechanicsETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for BiomechanicsETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Morten Frost
- Molecular Endocrinology Department, Department MOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- Clinical InstituteUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Steno Diabetes Centre OdenseOUHOdenseDenmark
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Ji C, Zhang L, Wang Y, Lin B, Bai X, Yun S, He B. The influence of different shaped osteocyte lacunae on microcrack initiation and propagation. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2023; 108:106072. [PMID: 37611387 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2023.106072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The morphology of osteocyte lacunae varies in bones of different ages and bone pathologies. Osteocyte lacunae can cause stress concentration and initiate microcracks. However, the influence of changes in osteocyte lacunar shape on microcrack is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of osteocyte lacunae with different shapes on microcrack initiation and propagation. METHODS Osteon models containing osteocyte lacunae with different shapes were established. The progressive damage analysis method, based on computer simulations, was used to study the evolution of microdamage within the osteon, including the processes of intralaminar and interlaminar microdamage. FINDINGS Models with larger DoE values can effectively delay or prevent the formation of linear microcracks, which ensures high fracture toughness of cortical bone. It is subjected to stronger mechanical stimulation, making it more sensitive to loads. Models with smaller DoE values increase the load threshold for microdamage generation and reduces its impact on bone mechanical performance, making it less susceptible to microdamage than models with larger DoE values. INTERPRETATION These findings enhance the limited knowledge of the influence of the lacunar shape on microdamage and contribute to a better understanding of bone biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Ji
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Bin Lin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Xinlei Bai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Shiyue Yun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Bingnan He
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
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6
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Sang W, Ural A. Evaluating the Role of Canalicular Morphology and Perilacunar Region Properties on Local Mechanical Environment of Lacunar-Canalicular Network Using Finite Element Modeling. J Biomech Eng 2023; 145:1156059. [PMID: 36629002 DOI: 10.1115/1.4056655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Physiological and pathological processes such as aging, diseases, treatments, and lactation can alter lacunar-canalicular network (LCN) morphology and perilacunar region properties. These modifications can impact the mechanical environment of osteocytes which in turn can influence osteocyte mechanosensitivity and the remodeling process. In this study, we aim to evaluate how the modifications in the canalicular morphology, lacunar density, and the perilacunar region properties influence the local mechanical environment of LCN and the apparent bone properties using three-dimensional finite element (FE) modeling. The simulation results showed that a 50% reduction in perilacunar elastic modulus led to about 7% decrease in apparent elastic modulus of the bone. The increase in canalicular density, length, and diameter did not influence the strain amplification in the models but they increased the amount of highly strained bone around LCN. Change in lacunar density did not influence the strain amplification and the amount of highly strained regions on LCN surfaces. Reduction in perilacunar elastic modulus increased both the strain amplification and the volume of highly strained tissue around and on the surface of LCN. The FE models of LCN in this study can be utilized to quantify the influence of modifications in canalicular morphology, lacunar density, and perilacunar region properties on the apparent bone properties and the local mechanical environment of LCN. Although this is a numerical study with idealized models, it provides important information on how mechanical environment of osteocytes is influenced by the modifications in LCN morphology and perilacunar region properties due to physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Sang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085
| | - Ani Ural
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085
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Xiong Z, Rouquier L, Chappard C, Bachy M, Huang X, Potier E, Bensidhoum M, Hoc T. A New Microarchitecture-Based Parameter to Predict the Micromechanical Properties of Bone Allografts. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093349. [PMID: 37176232 PMCID: PMC10179528 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Scaffolds are an essential component of bone tissue engineering. They provide support and create a physiological environment for cells to proliferate and differentiate. Bone allografts extracted from human donors are promising scaffolds due to their mechanical and structural characteristics. Bone microarchitecture is well known to be an important determinant of macroscopic mechanical properties, but its role at the microscopic, i.e., the trabeculae level is still poorly understood. The present study investigated linear correlations between microarchitectural parameters obtained from X-ray computed tomography (micro-CT) images of bone allografts, such as bone volume fraction (BV/TV), degree of anisotropy (DA), or ellipsoid factor (EF), and micromechanical parameters derived from micro-finite element calculations, such as mean axial strain (εz) and strain energy density (We). DAEF, a new parameter based on a linear combination of the two microarchitectural parameters DA and EF, showed a strong linear correlation with the bone mechanical characteristics at the microscopic scale. Our results concluded that the spatial distribution and the plate-and-rod structure of trabecular bone are the main determinants of the mechanical properties of bone at the microscopic level. The DAEF parameter could, therefore, be used as a tool to predict the level of mechanical stimulation at the local scale, a key parameter to better understand and optimize the mechanism of osteogenesis in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Xiong
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Léa Rouquier
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, 75010 Paris, France
| | | | - Manon Bachy
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, 75010 Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Xingrong Huang
- Laboratory of Complex Systems, Ecole Centrale de Pékin, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Esther Potier
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Morad Bensidhoum
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Hoc
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, 75010 Paris, France
- Mechanical Department, MSGMGC, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 69134 Ecully, France
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Andronowski JM, Cole ME, Davis RA, Tubo GR, Taylor JT, Cooper DML. A multimodal 3D imaging approach of pore networks in the human femur to assess age-associated vascular expansion and Lacuno-Canalicular reduction. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:475-493. [PMID: 36153809 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cellular communication in the mechanosensory osteocyte Lacuno-Canalicular Network (LCN) regulates bone tissue remodeling throughout life. Age-associated declines in LCN size and connectivity dysregulate mechanosensitivity to localized remodeling needs of aging or damaged tissue, compromising bone quality. Synchrotron radiation-based micro-Computed Tomography (SRμCT) and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) were employed to visualize LCN and vascular canal morphometry in an age series of the anterior femur (males n = 14, females n = 11, age range = 19-101, mean age = 55). Age-associated increases in vascular porosity were driven by pore coalescence, including a significant expansion in pore diameter and a significant decline in pore density. In contrast, the LCN showed significant age-associated reductions in lacunar volume fraction, mean diameter, and density, and in canalicular volume fraction and connectivity density. Lacunar density was significantly lower in females across the lifespan, exacerbating their age-associated decline. Canalicular connectivity density was also significantly lower in females but approached comparable declining male values in older age. Our data illuminate the trajectory and potential morphometric sources of age-associated bone loss. Increased vascular porosity contributes to bone fragility with aging, while an increasingly reduced and disconnected LCN undermines the mechanosensitivity required to repair and reinforce bone. Understanding why and how this degradation occurs is essential for improving the diagnosis and treatment of age-related changes in bone quality and fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna M Andronowski
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Mary E Cole
- Department of Biology, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Reed A Davis
- Department of Biology, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Gina R Tubo
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Joshua T Taylor
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - David M L Cooper
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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9
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Bezerra A, Freitas L, Maciel L, Fonseca H. Bone Tissue Responsiveness To Mechanical Loading-Possible Long-Term Implications of Swimming on Bone Health and Bone Development. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:453-468. [PMID: 36401774 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00758-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To revisit the bone tissue mechanotransduction mechanisms behind the bone tissue response to mechanical loading and, within this context, explore the possible negative influence of regular swimming practice on bone health, particularly during the growth and development period. RECENT FINDINGS Bone is a dynamic tissue, responsive to mechanical loading and unloading, being these adaptative responses more intense during the growth and development period. Cross-sectional studies usually report a lower bone mass in swimmers compared to athletes engaged in weigh-bearing sports. However, studies with animal models show contradictory findings about the effect of swimming on bone health, highlighting the need for longitudinal studies. Due to its microgravity characteristics, swimming seems to impair bone mass, but mostly at the lower limbs. It is unkown if there is a causal relationship between swimming and low BMD or if other confounding factors, such as a natural selection whithin the sport, are the cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Bezerra
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADE/UP), 4200-450, Porto, Portugal.
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Laura Freitas
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADE/UP), 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Leonardo Maciel
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADE/UP), 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Sergipe, Campus Lagarto, Lagarto, Brazil
| | - Hélder Fonseca
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADE/UP), 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
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10
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Quantifying how altered lacunar morphology and perilacunar tissue properties influence local mechanical environment of osteocyte lacunae using finite element modeling. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 135:105433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Cen H, Gong H, Liu H, Jia S, Wu X, Fan Y. A Comparative Study on the Multiscale Mechanical Responses of Human Femoral Neck Between the Young and the Elderly Using Finite Element Method. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:893337. [PMID: 35600894 PMCID: PMC9117745 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.893337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Femoral neck fracture (FNF) is the most serious bone disease in the elderly population. The multiscale mechanical response is a key to predicting the strength of the femoral neck, assessing the risk of FNF, and exploring the role of mechanosensation and mechanotransmission in bone remodeling, especially in the context of aging bone.Methods: Multiscale finite element (FE) models of the proximal femur for both young and elderly people were developed. The models included organ scale (proximal femur), tissue scale (cortical bone), tissue element scale (osteon), and cell scale [osteocyte lacuna-canalicular network (LCN) and extracellular matrix (ECM), OLCEM]. The mechanical responses of cortical bone and osteocytes in the mid-femoral neck and the differences in mechanical responses between these two scales were investigated.Results: The mechanical responses of cortical bone and osteocyte showed significant differences between the elderly and the young. The minimum principal strains and mean SEDs of cortical bone in the elderly were 2.067–4.708 times and 3.093–14.385 times of the values in the young, respectively; the minimum principal strains and mean SEDs of osteocyte in the elderly were 1.497–3.246 times and 3.044–12 times of the values in the young, respectively; the amplification factors of minimum principal strain in the inferior (Inf), anterior (Ant), and posterior (Post) quadrants in the young were 1.241–1.804 times of the values in the elderly, but the amplification factor of minimum principal strain in the superior (Sup) quadrant was 87.4% of the value in the elderly; the amplification factors of mean SED in the young were 1.124–9.637 times of the values in the elderly.Conclusion: The mass and bone mineral density (BMD) of cortical bone in the femoral neck is closely related to the mechanical response of osteocytes, which provides a new idea for improving cortical bone quality. Perhaps cortical bone quality could be improved by stimulating osteocytes. Quadrantal differences of bone quality in the mid-femoral neck should be considered to improve fracture risk prediction in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Cen
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - He Gong
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: He Gong,
| | - Haibo Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaowei Jia
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Bone is an outstanding, well-designed composite. It is constituted by a multi-level structure wherein its properties and behavior are dependent on its composition and structural organization at different length scales. The combination of unique mechanical properties with adaptive and self-healing abilities makes bone an innovative model for the future design of synthetic biomimetic composites with improved performance in bone repair and regeneration. However, the relation between structure and properties in bone is very complex. In this review article, we intend to describe the hierarchical organization of bone on progressively greater scales and present the basic concepts that are fundamental to understanding the arrangement-based mechanical properties at each length scale and their influence on bone’s overall structural behavior. The need for a better understanding of bone’s intricate composite structure is also highlighted.
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