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Hamilton KM, Bakhit R, Schneyer R, Levin G, Milad M, Truong M, Wright KN, Siedhoff MT, Meyer R. Race, Ethnicity, and Sex Representation Trends Among Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery Fellowship Trainees and Graduates. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2024; 31:761-768. [PMID: 38772438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To study the race, ethnicity, and sex representation and annual trends of AAGL FMIGS fellows and graduates. DESIGN A retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING AAMC databases were queried for demographic information between 2011 and 2023. PATIENTS/SUBJECTS AAGL FMIGS fellows and graduates. INTERVENTIONS N/A MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Descriptive statistical analysis and the actual-to-expected (AE) ratio of each race, ethnicity, and sex were performed. AE ratio was calculated by dividing the 13-year average actual percentage of FMIGS trainees and graduates by the expected percentage based demographics of OBGYN residents and the US general population. 477 fellows graduated or were in training between 2011 and 2023; race and ethnicity information was obtained for 347 (72.7%) individuals, and sex information was available for 409 (85.7%). Representation of females ranged from 66.7% in 2017 to 93.3% in 2022. There was a significantly increasing slope for the representation of females (+1.3% per year; 95% CI 0.00-0.03; p = .027). Compared to their distribution among US OBGYN residents, White fellows' representation was lower [AE ratio, 95% CI 0.60 (0.44-0.81)] and of Asian fellows was higher [AE ratio, 95% CI 2.17 (1.47-3.21)]. Female fellows' representation was lower than expected [AE ratio, 95% CI 0.68 (0.48-0.96)] compared to their distribution among US OBGYN residents. Compared to the general US population, White fellows [AE ratio, 95% CI 0.65 (0.48-0.87)] and Hispanic fellows [AE ratio, 95% CI 0.53 (0.34-0.83)] representation was lower. Asian fellows' representation was higher compared to the general US population [AE ratio, 95% CI 5.87 (3.48-9.88)]. CONCLUSION White and Hispanic fellows' representation was lower than expected, while Asian fellows' representation was higher in AAGL-accredited FMIGS programs. Female representation increased throughout the years, but overall, female fellows' representation was lower than expected compared to their distribution among OBGYN residents. These findings may help develop equitable recruitment strategies for FMIGS programs and reduce health disparities within complex gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacey M Hamilton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Hamilton, Schneyer, Truong, Wright, Siedhoff), Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Rhiana Bakhit
- University of California (Bakhit), Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California
| | - Rebecca Schneyer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Hamilton, Schneyer, Truong, Wright, Siedhoff), Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gabriel Levin
- Lady Davis Institute for Cancer Research (Levin), Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Magdy Milad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Milad), Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mireille Truong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Hamilton, Schneyer, Truong, Wright, Siedhoff), Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kelly N Wright
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Hamilton, Schneyer, Truong, Wright, Siedhoff), Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Matthew T Siedhoff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Hamilton, Schneyer, Truong, Wright, Siedhoff), Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Raanan Meyer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Hamilton, Schneyer, Truong, Wright, Siedhoff), Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; The Dr. Pinchas Bornstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program (Meyer), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Hamilton KM, Scheib SA, Truong MD. Authors' Reply. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2024; 31:165-166. [PMID: 37951569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
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Galhotra S, Smith RB, Norton T, Mahnert ND. The surgical gender gap: the impact of surgeon gender in medicine and gynecologic surgery. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2022; 34:256-261. [PMID: 35895969 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature evaluating the effect of surgeon gender on patient outcomes and satisfaction, and the impact of gender bias on female surgeons. RECENT FINDINGS The proportion of female physicians has increased in recent years, especially in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Recent literature assessing this impact supports equivalent or superior medical and surgical outcomes for women surgeons and physicians. It also reveals superior counseling and communication styles as perceived by patients. However, women in medicine receive lower patient ratings in competence, medical knowledge, and technical skills despite the existing evidence. Additionally, female physicians experience pay inequality, limited advancement opportunities, higher prevalence of microaggressions, and higher rates of burnout. SUMMARY Recognition of gender bias is essential to correcting this issue and improving the negative impact it has on female physicians, our patients, and the field of women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Galhotra
- Banner University Medical Center Phoenix, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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