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Munoz-Lopez C, Wong A, Lewis K, Bole R, Vij SC, Lundy SD. The Evolving Landscape of Male Varicocele Pathophysiology in the Era of Multi-Omics: A Narrative Review of the Current Literature. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:80. [PMID: 38392299 PMCID: PMC10886418 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Male-factor infertility is implicated in over half of the millions of cases of infertility worldwide, and varicoceles are the most common correctable cause of male-factor infertility. The pathophysiologic mechanism for varicoceles is complex and next-generation technologies offer promising insights into the molecular underpinnings of this condition. In this narrative review, we highlight historical and contemporary paradigms associated with varicoceles, with an emphasis on the biological underpinnings of this disease. Specifically, we review the literature describing the underlying causes of varicoceles, discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms causing pathological changes in some (but not all) men, and highlight key articles regarding the next-generation analyses (e.g., transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, and microbiome) being applied to better understand the condition and its treatment. These data demonstrate an ongoing evolution of the knowledge of varicoceles and the potential for improved personalized care in the future for men with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Munoz-Lopez
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Anne Wong
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Kieran Lewis
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Raevti Bole
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Sarah C Vij
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Scott D Lundy
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Cheng C, Chen X, Song Y, Wang S, Pan Y, Niu S, Wang R, Liu L, Liu X. Genital mycoplasma infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Health 2023; 20:136. [PMID: 37700294 PMCID: PMC10496402 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-023-01684-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested that genital mycoplasma infections may be associated with male infertility. However, this association remains controversial due to time lapse, sample size, and regional prevalence. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to systematically evaluate the relationship between genital mycoplasma and male infertility through a meta-analysis and to provide a basis for the clinical management of male infertility. METHODS We conducted a search on PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases, from January 2000 to June 2023 to identify case-control studies on the interrelationship between genital mycoplasma infection and male infertility. Two independent researchers performed an assessment of the methodological quality of trials according to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and extracted data strictly based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and afterward, we carried out a meta-analysis using Stata 16.0. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess this relationship. RESULTS This meta-analysis included 21 studies from seven countries with a total of 53025 infertility cases and 6435 controls; the age range of the participating men was from 20 to 59 years old. The results obtained showed a higher prevalence of M. genitalium, M. hominis and U. urealyticum infections in infertile men than in the controls, with the opposite result for U. parvum (M. genitalium, OR, 3.438 [95% CI: 1.780, 6.643], with P = 0.000; M. hominis, OR, 1.840 [95% CI: 1.013, 3.343], with P = 0.045; U. urealyticum, OR, 3.278 [95% CI: 2.075, 5.180], with P = 0.000; U. parvum, OR, 1.671 [95% CI: 0.947, 2.950], with P = 0.077). Further, two subgroup analyses also showed that M. hominis and U. urealyticum infections were strongly associated with male infertility in China (M. hominis, P = 0.009; U. urealyticum, P = 0.000); however, M. hominis and U. urealyticum infection was not strongly associated with male infertility worldwide (M. hominis, P = 0.553; U. urealyticum, P = 0.050). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis revealed that male infertility was significantly associated with M. genitalium, M. hominis and U. urealyticum infections, while U. parvum infection was not. Further, our study showed that genital mycoplasma infection influences male infertility and provides a basis for future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cheng
- Charcteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yuxuan Song
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Shangren Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yang Pan
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Shuai Niu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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Khalafalla K, El Ansari W, Sengupta P, Majzoub A, Elbardisi H, Canguven O, El-Ansari K, Arafa M. Are sexually transmitted infections associated with male infertility? A systematic review and in-depth evaluation of the evidence and mechanisms of action of 11 pathogens. Arab J Urol 2023; 21:216-232. [PMID: 38178949 PMCID: PMC10763591 DOI: 10.1080/2090598x.2023.2218566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To systematically review the evidence on the association between sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and male infertility. We sought to answer two questions: Are STIs significantly associated with detrimental changes in semen parameters?; and, is the prevalence of STIs significantly higher in infertile than fertile men? Materials and methods PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were searched (inceptionMarch 2023) following the PRISMA guidelines. Identified original studies in English on the association between STIs and male infertility were included. Data was tabulated/described by pathogen, mechanisms of action, number of studies and their level of evidence. Results Seventy out of 903 originally retrieved articles were included in this review. For the detrimental changes in semen parameters (first question), the evidence seems equivocal based on the nearly equal number of studies and similar levels of evidence. The only exception was for Ureaplasma, where the number of studies and levels of evidence supported an association with male infertility. Pertaining to a significantly higher prevalence of STI among infertile compared to fertile men (second question), evidence was insufficient to support/deny a significant association. The two exceptions were Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma, where the number of studies and evidence levels were in favour of an association with male infertility. Conclusions Generally, the relationship between STIs and male infertility remains to be uncovered. Our appraisal of the overall state of this relationship shows that the evidence base leaves much to be desired. The exceptions are Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma, where the evidence convincingly suggests their associations with infertility in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareim Khalafalla
- Department of Urology, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Walid El Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Pallav Sengupta
- Physiology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Majzoub
- Department of Urology, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Haitham Elbardisi
- Department of Urology, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Onder Canguven
- Department of Urology, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Mohamed Arafa
- Department of Urology, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Andrology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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de Jesus Salgado V, de Abreu Oliveira CMP, da Silva ÁMB, de Brito HIL, de Medeiros DS, Soares F, Magno L, Dourado I, Campos GB, Marques LM. Prevalence of Mollicutes among men who have sex with men and transgender women aged 15 to 19 years in Salvador, North-eastern Brazil. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:244. [PMID: 37072756 PMCID: PMC10114492 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08213-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some species of Mollicutes have been associated with different pathologies of the urogenital tract in humans, with a high prevalence among adult men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW). However, few studies have been performed to investigate its prevalence among adolescents. In this study, we estimated the initial prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Mycoplasma hominis (MH), Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU), and Ureaplasma parvum (UP); the rate of misdiagnosis at different anatomical sites; and the associated factors with positive tests for Mollicutes among MSM and TGW aged 15 to 19 years enrolled in the PrEP1519 study. METHODS PrEP-1519 is the first study to investigate the effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus among adolescent MSM and TGW aged 15 to 19 in Latin America. Oral, anal, and urethral swabs were taken from 246 adolescents upon enrolment in the study to detect MG, MH, UU, and UP by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted by Poisson regression and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated. RESULTS The prevalence of Mollicutes was 32.1%. UU was the most prevalent species (20.7%), followed by MH (13.4%), MG (5.7%), and UP (3.2%); 67.3% of the positive samples would have been missed if only urethral samples had been taken. Receptive anal sex (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.07-3.01) and clinical suspicion of sexually transmitted infection (PR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.01-2.61) were factors associated with the detection of Mollicutes in general. Group sex (PR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.12-3.50) and receptive anal sex (PR = 2.36; 95% CI = 0.95-5.86) were associated with the detection of Mycoplasma spp. No sociodemographic, clinical, or behavioural variable was significantly associated with the detection of Ureaplasma spp. CONCLUSIONS A high prevalence of Mollicutes was observed among adolescent MSM and TGW, especially at extragenital sites. Further research is required to understand the epidemiological profile of high-risk adolescents in different regions and contexts, and to investigate the pathogenesis of Mollicutes in the oral and anal mucosa before routine screening can be recommended in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdiele de Jesus Salgado
- State University of Santa Cruz, Rod. Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | | | - Ágatha Morgana Bertoti da Silva
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Henrique Inácio Lima de Brito
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Danielle Souto de Medeiros
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Soares
- Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, S/nº, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Laio Magno
- Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, S/nº, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil
- Department of Life Sciences, State University of Bahia, Rua Silveira Martins, 2555, Salvador, Bahia, 41000-150, Brazil
| | - Inês Dourado
- Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, S/nº, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Barreto Campos
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Lucas Miranda Marques
- State University of Santa Cruz, Rod. Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil.
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil.
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Paira DA, Olivera C, Tissera AD, Molina RI, Olmedo JJ, Rivero VE, Saka HA, Motrich RD. Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis urogenital infections associate with semen inflammation and decreased sperm quality. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 113:18-26. [PMID: 36822158 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis are among the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections proposed to induce urogenital inflammation and impair sperm quality. However, the topic remains controversial since contradictory findings have been reported. Herein, we performed a comprehensive analysis of U. urealyticum and M. hominis urogenital infections and their association with urogenital inflammation (i.e., leukocyte subsets and inflammatory cytokines in semen,) and sperm quality parameters in a cohort of men with couple's primary infertility undergoing initial infertility evaluation or with lower urinary tract symptoms and no infertility-related complaints. Overall, U. urealyticum and M. hominis infection was detected in 17.0% and 23.6% of patients, respectively, whereas the coinfection was detected in 3.8% of patients only. Remarkably, similar infection frequencies were found in the different patient subpopulations analyzed. Moreover, infections were associated with elevated semen levels of TNF, IL-1β, and IL-6 and/or increased counts of total leukocytes and their subsets, including CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes and neutrophils. In addition, M. hominis infection and the coinfection with U. urealyticum were associated with impairments in sperm quality variables. Our results indicate that U. urealyticum and M. hominis male urogenital infections induce urogenital inflammation and decrease sperm quality, thus impairing male fertility potential. Screening for U. urealyticum and M. hominis infections and performing a comprehensive analysis of different leukocyte subsets and inflammatory cytokines in semen may be clinically helpful in the diagnosis and follow-up of male urogenital infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A Paira
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre esq. Medina Allende, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina Olivera
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre esq. Medina Allende, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrea D Tissera
- Laboratorio de Andrología y Reproducción (LAR), Blvd. Chacabuco 1123, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rosa I Molina
- Laboratorio de Andrología y Reproducción (LAR), Blvd. Chacabuco 1123, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - José J Olmedo
- Servicio de Urologia y Andrologia, Fundación Urológica Córdoba para la Docencia e Investigación Médica (FUCDIM), Bartolomé de las casas 3765, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Virginia E Rivero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre esq. Medina Allende, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Héctor A Saka
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre esq. Medina Allende, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ruben D Motrich
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre esq. Medina Allende, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
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Xianchun F, Jun F, Zhijun D, Mingyun H. Effects of Ureaplasma urealyticum infection on semen quality and sperm morphology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1113130. [PMID: 36950686 PMCID: PMC10025488 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1113130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum) infection is primarily associated with damage to male fertility through its effects on male sperm parameters. However, its effects on sperm semiological variables remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether U. urealyticum infection was associated with semen quality and sperm morphology. METHODS From 2019 to 2021, this cross-sectional study analyzed infective pathogens and semen variables in 1064 males (22-30 years old) recruited from our reproductive center and the general public. Routine semen parameters and normal sperm morphology rate were analyzed using methods outlined by the World Health Organization. The associations between semen quality, sperm morphology, and U. urealyticum infection were studied using general linear models. RESULTS The participants were categorized into three groups: (i) U. urealyticum infection (n=328), (ii) non-U. urealyticum infection (including males with urogenital tract infection symptoms but no U. urealyticum detected in their semen samples, n=377), and (iii) normal volunteers (males without symptoms of urogenital tract infection and no pathogens detected in semen samples, n=359). U. urealyticum in semen samples was observed to be associated with lower sperm concentrations (p<0.001) and a lower ratio of anterograde motile spermatozoa (p<0.001). Semen cultures positive for U. urealyticum were associated with lower normal sperm morphology (p<0.001) compared to semen cultures negative for U. urealyticum. CONCLUSION This study shows the importance of proper investigations for U. urealyticum during routine clinical examinations and diagnoses of males with infertility.
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Wang H, Xu A, Gong L, Chen Z, Zhang B, Li X. The Microbiome, an Important Factor That Is Easily Overlooked in Male Infertility. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:831272. [PMID: 35308385 PMCID: PMC8924671 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.831272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Humankind has been interested in reproduction for millennia. Infertility, in which male factors contribute to approximately 50%, is estimated to concern over 72 million people worldwide. Despite advances in the diagnosis, medical treatment, and psychosocial management of male infertility over the past few decades, approximately 30% of male infertility is still thought to be idiopathic. Despite emerging advances in the microbiome associated with male infertility have indicated that the microbiome may be a key factor to the management of male infertility, roles, and mechanisms of the microbiome remain ambiguous. Here, we mainly discussed the association between microbial infection in the genital tract and male infertility, effect of antimicrobial therapy on male reproduction, association between microbial dysbiosis and male infertility, and effect of probiotic intervention on male reproduction. This review made progress toward establishing a relationship between the microbiome and male infertility, and explored the role of the microbiome in male infertility. We call for more high-quality studies to focus on the relationship between microbes and male infertility, and strongly suggest increasing awareness among sterile males with microbial infection and/or microbial dysbiosis when they seek fertility help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefeng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Anran Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Liping Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yicheng Street Community Health Service Center, Linyi, China
| | - Zhaowen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, China
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Das S, Roychoudhury S, Roychoudhury S, Agarwal A, Henkel R. Role of Infection and Leukocytes in Male Infertility. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1358:115-140. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89340-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yasynetskyi M, Banyra O, Nikitin O, Ventskivska I, Kozlov V, Kvach M, Borzhievskyy A. Mixed Sexually Transmitted Infections in Infertile Couples: Empirical Treatment and Influence on Semen Quality. RECENT ADVANCES IN ANTI-INFECTIVE DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 16:227-236. [PMID: 34844551 DOI: 10.2174/2772434416666211129105145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) are common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that are diagnosed in infertile couples (cps). In cases with their simultaneous presence in a patient (mixed STI, MSTIs), treatment is complicated by the different sensitivity of microorganisms to antibacterial drugs. Moreover, in cases of complicated infections, the empirical treatment should be started before obtaining the results of drug susceptibilities. OBJECTIVE The objective of the current study is to find the effective and well-tolerated combination of drugs for the empirical antibacterial treatment of mixed STIs presented by TV, MG and UU in infertile couples. We also aimed to establish the influence of mixed STIs on semen quality. METHODS Our prospective study included 154 infertile couples (308 patients) with confirmed symptomatic MSTIs in one of the couples caused by the simultaneous presence of TV, MG and UU. All couples were randomized on three groups for empirical treatment: Group 1 (n=49 cps, 98 pts) who were treated by initial prescribing of anti-trichomoniasis drug Secnidazole, 2.0 g po followed by Azythromycin 500 mg on day 1 continuing by 250 mg on days 2-7; Group 2 (n=52 cps, 104 pts: Secnidazole, 2.0 g po followed by Josamycin 1000 mg bid for 12 days); Group 3 (n=53 cps, 106 pts: Secnidazole, 2.0 g po followed by Moxifloxacin 400 mg once daily for 12 days). The endpoints were clinical and microbiological cure rates as well as the frequency of side-effects in analyzed groups. We determined the basic parameters of the spermogram and Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation levels in 59 patients with MSTIs before and at the 3rd, 6th and 9th month after pathogens eradication comparing them with results in 63 healthy sperm donors. RESULTS After the treatment, clinical cure rates in analyzed groups were 82.6% (Group 1) vs. 96.1% (Group 2) vs. 92.3% (Group 3). Microbiological cure rates (UU+MG) were 73.9% vs. 97.1% vs. 84.5% correspondingly (p<0.05). TV microbiological cure rates were 97.8% vs. 98.0% vs. 96.1% (p>0.05). Side-effects were registered in 28.6% vs. 12.5% vs. 18.9% cases correspondingly (p<0.05). In MSTIs patients, we registered the increasing DNA fragmentation rates, leucocytes count and decreasing semen volume, motility, vitality, sperm concentration, total spermatozoa number and number of spermatozoa with normal morphology. At the 6th month after complete pathogens eradication, these parameters approached normal values. CONCLUSION At the present time, the combination of Secnidazole+Josamycin can be considered the most effective and well-tolerated for the empirical treatment in patients with MSTIs presented by TV, MG and UU. Complete eradication of these MSTIs in males improves their semen parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykola Yasynetskyi
- Department of Urology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv,Ukraine
| | - Oleg Banyra
- Department of Urology, St. Paraskeva Medical Centre, Lviv,Ukraine
| | - Oleg Nikitin
- Department of Urology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv,Ukraine
| | - Iryna Ventskivska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No. 1, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv,Ukraine
| | - Vadym Kozlov
- Department of Urology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv,Ukraine
| | - Mykola Kvach
- Department of Urology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv,Ukraine
| | - Andrii Borzhievskyy
- Department of Urology, Danylo Halytsky National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
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Karthikeyan M, N S K, Singh R. Association of Semen Bacteriological Profile with Infertility:- A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Care Center. J Hum Reprod Sci 2021; 14:260-266. [PMID: 34759615 PMCID: PMC8527068 DOI: 10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_49_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Infections are an important cause of male infertility. The specific effects of infections on various semen parameters remain unexplored, especially within the Indian subcontinent. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the bacteriologic profile of semen, and its effect on semen parameters, with particular emphasis given to Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis tested by semen polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Study Setting and Design: The research was a cross-sectionl analaytical study conducted in a tertiary care center in South India from March 2018 to November 2019, on 48 male partners of couples presenting with infertility. Methodology: After obtaining informed consent from the study participants, semen collection was done. The sample was subjected to standard semen analysis according to the WHO 2010 Manual, followed by bacteriological testing using routine culture methods. In addition, real-time PCR was done to test for U. urealyticum and M. hominis. Statistical Analysis: Demographic data, semen analysis parameters, bacteriological culture findings, and real-time PCR results were compared and analyzed using the software IBM® SPSS 19.0. Results: A significant difference in viscosity of semen, which was higher in the samples that were positive for real-time PCR of M. hominis, was found. Other than this, no other parameter had a statistically significant difference between culture or real-time PCR positive samples and negative samples. Conclusion: Our study, though limited by a small sample size, highlights the role played by seminal infections in the context of male infertility. Larger scale prospective studies in this area would be invaluable in deciding the management plans of male factor infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kubera N S
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
| | - Rakesh Singh
- Department of Microbiology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
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Ma H, Zhang X, Shi X, Zhang J, Zhou Y. Phenotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Genotypic Characterization of Clinical Ureaplasma Isolates Circulating in Shanghai, China. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:724935. [PMID: 34690966 PMCID: PMC8531517 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.724935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing global concern regarding the rise of antimicrobial resistance among Ureaplasma spp. isolates. However, studies on the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, resistance mechanisms, and clonality of Ureaplasma spp. clinical isolates are still limited and cover only some geographic regions. Firstly, Ureaplasma species from the urogenital tracts of patients in Shanghai, China, were isolated by using the culture medium (A8 and 10B broth), and identified the genotype by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Secondly, the antimicrobial susceptibility tests were determined by using broth microdilution assay. Then, the resistance genetic determinants to fluoroquinolones (FQs), macrolides, and tetracyclines were investigated through PCR/DNA sequencing. Finally, the molecular epidemiology of Ureaplasma species was studied by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Among 258 isolates, Ureaplasma parvum (UPA) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (UUR) were found in 226 (87.60%) and 32 (12.40%) isolates, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 258 Ureaplasma spp. strains ranged from 0.015 to 64μg/ml for all 11 kinds of antimicrobials. Regardless of species, the isolates were most sensitive to AZI (1.94%), JOS (3.49%), and CLA (4.23%). Among them, there were 39 (15.12%) multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, including 32 UPA isolates. The resistance rates of UPA to CIP (91.59%), and ROX (36.28%) were significantly higher than those of UUR. Twenty six FQ-resistant isolates had amino acid substitutions in gyrA and in parC (Ser83Leu). Mutations were detected in genes encoding ribosomal proteins L4 (Thr84Ile) and L22 (Ser81Pro) in macrolide-resistant isolates. Tet(M) was found in four UPA isolates. These mutations were mainly found in UPA isolates. Sequence type 1 (ST1) was the predominant ST, which contained 18 isolates. In conclusion, this study showed a higher resistance rate (especially to ROX and CIP), higher substitution rate, and higher MDR rate among UPA strains. The most active antimicrobial agents were AZI, JOS, and CLA. Identifying UPA or UUR in clinical isolates could help clinicians to choose appropriate drugs for treatment. The main resistance mechanisms may involve gene substitution of Ser83Leu in parC and Ser81Pro in L22. ST1 was the predominant ST of Ureaplasma isolates with MDR to FQs and macrolides in Shanghai, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Ma
- Department of Health Management Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxing Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Provincial Crops Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunheng Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhabei Central Hospital of Jing'an District, Shanghai, China
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12
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Oxidative Stress, Testicular Inflammatory Pathways, and Male Reproduction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810043. [PMID: 34576205 PMCID: PMC8471715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is among the core causatives of male infertility. Despite male infertility being a serious global issue, "bits and pieces" of its complex etiopathology still remain missing. During inflammation, levels of proinflammatory mediators in the male reproductive tract are greater than usual. According to epidemiological research, in numerous cases of male infertility, patients suffer from acute or chronic inflammation of the genitourinary tract which typically occurs without symptoms. Inflammatory responses in the male genital system are inextricably linked to oxidative stress (OS). OS is detrimental to male fertility parameters as it causes oxidative damage to reproductive cells and intracellular components. Multifarious male infertility causative factors pave the way for impairing male reproductive functions via the common mechanisms of OS and inflammation, both of which are interlinked pathophysiological processes, and the occurrence of any one of them induces the other. Both processes may be simultaneously found in the pathogenesis of male infertility. Thus, the present article aims to explain the role of inflammation and OS in male infertility in detail, as well as to show the mechanistic pathways that link causative factors of male reproductive tract inflammation, OS induction, and oxidant-sensitive cellular cascades leading to male infertility.
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Eini F, Kutenaei MA, Zareei F, Dastjerdi ZS, Shirzeyli MH, Salehi E. Effect of bacterial infection on sperm quality and DNA fragmentation in subfertile men with Leukocytospermia. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:42. [PMID: 34388964 PMCID: PMC8364116 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-021-00380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although bacterial infections have been recognized as a possible cause of male infertility, the effect of bacterial infections on sperm quality and sperm DNA fragmentation remains controversial. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence rate of bacterial infection in subfertile men and its effect on semen quality. Seminal fluid was collected from 172 male members of infertile couples attending the andrology infertility center and a group of 35 fertile subjects as a control. Sperm parameters and DNA fragmentation were evaluated based on the type of bacteria in all ejaculates. Results From the 172 patients investigated for infertility, 60 (34.88%) patients had a positive culture for pathogenic bacteria of different species. Leukocytospermia was significantly higher in infected samples in comparison with non-infected samples (p < 0.05). Sperm concentration and motility and morphology were significantly lower in infected than non-infected samples. Moreover, sperm DNA fragmentation was significantly higher in infected than non-infected samples. Besides, our results showed that sperm DNA fragmentation was correlated significantly with leukocytospermia (R: 0.22, p < 0.01). Conclusion The present study suggested that bacterial infection significantly correlated with leukocytospermia could impair male fertility potential through decreasing sperm motility, morphology, and DNA integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Eini
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Maryam Azizi Kutenaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Fayegheh Zareei
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | | | - Ensieh Salehi
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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14
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Biochemical and morphofunctional study of sperm of men infected with antibiotic-resistant strains of Ureaplasma urealyticum. КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА 2021. [DOI: 10.17816/clinpract71584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The role of UU in the pathogenesis of male infertility is currently not fully understood. Despite the widespread occurrence of antibiotic-resistant UU strains, there are virtually no data on their effect on the morphofunctional characteristics of the sperm and the biochemical parameters of the ejaculate. Aims: Comprehensive evaluation of the sperm fertility in men infected with antibiotic-resistant UU strains. Methods: The semen of men of active reproductive age (n=4752, age from 18 to 46 years, with the average age of 27.84.4 years) was studied. In the semen samples, UU was detected by the microbiological method (seeding on selective culture media with the subsequent identification and determination of the antibiotic sensitivity of the obtained isolates). The semen from men with mixed infections was excluded from the study. As a control, we used samples of ejaculates from healthy fertile men (n=67, age from 19 to 43 years, with the average age of 25.85.1 years). In the study of the ejaculate, the methods recommended by the WHO expert group were used. In addition to the standard spermogram, MAR tests (IgA, IgG and IgM) were performed, the degree of fragmentation of the sperm DNA was evaluated, the interaction of the sperm with hyaluronic acid was evaluated, as well, the activity of acrosine and neutral alpha-glucosidase was measured, the levels of zinc, citric acid, fructose and the level of glycodelin were determined. The study had been carried out between 2018 and 2021. Results: The most common resistance was to erythromycin (88.2%), less often to azithromycin (47.0%), tetracycline (41.7%). The resistance to doxycycline (7.7%), josamycin (5.9%), and medicamycin (5.8%) was relatively rare. In men infected with antibiotic-resistant UU strains, the most frequently observed anomalies of a standard spermogram were those of the motor characteristics of spermatozoa asthenozoo-spermia and those of the spermatozoa's morphology teratozoospermia. In the presence of polyresistant UU strains, a high degree of the sperm DNA fragmentation was more common (10.03% of cases) in respect to the cases of UU strains not resistant to antibiotics (5.92% of cases) or resistant to only one antibiotic (6.16% of cases). Abnormalities of the spermatozoa's interaction with hyaluronic acid were observed more often (more than 12% of cases) for antibiotic-resistant UU strains than for non-antibiotic-resistant UU strains (less than 4% of cases). In men infected with antibiotic-resistant UU strains, a decrease in the enzymatic activity of acrosin was often observed (29.71% of cases), most frequently among the cases with polyresistant strains (40.46% of cases). Conclusions: Antibiotic-resistant UU strains have a negative effect on the sperm fertility, of which the most pronounced negative effects are caused by polyresistant strains. We recommend measuring the acrosin activity when performing a spermogram for patients infected with UU. In the presence of polyresistant UU strains, it is advisable to assess the degree of the sperm DNA fragmentation. We recommend carrying out an antibioticogram before prescribing a treatment for ureaplasmosis.
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Bai S, Li Y, Wan Y, Guo T, Jin Q, Liu R, Tang W, Sang M, Tao Y, Xie B, Zhao Y, Li W, Xu X, Yue Q, Hu X, Xu B. Sexually transmitted infections and semen quality from subfertile men with and without leukocytospermia. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:92. [PMID: 34154600 PMCID: PMC8218447 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00769-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in semen parameters and male infertility is still a controversial area. Previous studies have found bacterial infection in a minority of infertile leukocytospermic males. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of STIs in semen from subfertile men with leukocytospermia (LCS) and without leukocytospermia (non-LCS) and their associations with sperm quality. METHODS Semen samples were collected from 195 men who asked for a fertility evaluation. Infection with the above 6 pathogens was assessed in each sample. Sperm quality was compared in subfertile men with and without LCS. RESULTS The LCS group had significantly decreased semen volume, sperm concentration, progressive motility, total motility and normal morphology. The infection rates of Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uuu), Ureaplasma parvum (Uup), Mycoplasma hominis (MH), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) were 8.7 %, 21.0 %, 8.2 %, 2.1 %, 3.6 %, 1.0 and 0 %, respectively. The STI detection rates of patients with LCS were higher than those of the non-LCS group (52.3 % vs. 39.3 %), although there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.07). All semen parameters were not significantly different between LCS with STIs and without STIs, except the semen volume in the MG-infected patients with LCS was significantly lower than that in the noninfected group. CONCLUSIONS LCS was associated with a reduction in semen quality, but was not associated with STIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Bai
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Dermatology Department, The Fifth People's Hospital of Hainan Province, 570100, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Wan
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, P.R. China
| | - Tonghang Guo
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, P.R. China
| | - Qi Jin
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, P.R. China
| | - Ran Liu
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Tang
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, P.R. China
| | - Meiying Sang
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Tao
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, P.R. China
| | - Baoguo Xie
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570102, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdong Xu
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, P.R. China
| | - Qiuling Yue
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 210008, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Xuechun Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, P.R. China.
| | - Bo Xu
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, P.R. China.
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Bin DH, Zhang SY, Zhan M, Li L, Li YQ, Zhou X, Lu FG, Zhou Q, He QH. Exploring the Mechanism of Zhibai Dihuang Decoction in the Treatment of Ureaplasma Urealyticum-Induced Orchitis Based on Integrated Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:602543. [PMID: 34040514 PMCID: PMC8141734 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.602543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) infection is the most common cause of male infertility. Zhibai Dihuang Decoction (ZBDHD) can improve the rate of forwarding motility sperm, sperm deformity rate, seminal plasma zinc and refined berry sugar levels. Methods: The potential targets of ZBDHD are obtained from The Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ETCM). Orchitis-related targets were collected from the Genecards and OMIM databases. The Cytoscape and the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) were utilized to construct and analyzed the networks. Finally, a rat model of orchitis caused by UU infection was used to detect related indicators of mitochondrial energy metabolism using TUNEL apoptosis detection technology, loss cytometry, Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western Blot. Results: A total of 795 ZBDHD targets and 242 orchitis-related targets were obtained. The “ZBDHD- orchitis PPI network” was constructed and analyzed. ZBDHD can regulate signaling pathways and biological processes related to mitochondrial energy metabolism. The results of experimental studies have shown that ZBDHD maintains the integrity of sperm mitochondrial respiratory chain function by enhancing mitochondrial Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities, promotes the synthesis of mitochondrial ATP, and improves sperm energy supply, thereby improving the motility, vitality and survival rate of sperm, and effectively improving the quality of semen in UU-infected rats (p < 0.05). Conclusion:This study discovered the multi-pathway mechanism of ZBDHD intervention in UU-induced orchitis through integrated pharmacological strategies, which provides a reference for further research on the mechanism of ZBDHD intervention in orchitis in the direction of mitochondrial energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hua Bin
- Surgery of traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,College of traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shi-Ying Zhang
- College of traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Zhan
- Surgery of traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ying-Qiu Li
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Surgery of traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Fang-Guo Lu
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Surgery of traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qing-Hu He
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Ito K, Akai K, Nishiumi F, Nakura Y, Ning Wu H, Kurata T, Onodera A, Kawai Y, Kajiyama S, Yanagihara I. Ability of Ureaplasma parvum to invade mouse sperm, fertilize eggs through infected sperm, and impair mouse sperm function and embryo development. F&S SCIENCE 2021; 2:13-23. [PMID: 35559760 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of Ureaplasma parvum (U. parvum) infection on mouse sperm motility, structure, and fertilizing ability and on embryo development. DESIGN In vitro model of the effects of U. parvum serovar 3 infection on mouse sperm. SETTING Basic research laboratory. INTERVENTION(S) None. ANIMALS Mice. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Mouse sperm motility was examined using the swim-up method, and their motility parameters were analyzed using the sperm motility analysis system. Localization and invasion of U. parvum were observed with fluorescence, confocal, and scanning electron microscopy. After in vitro fertilization with U. parvum-infected sperm, the quality of the fertilized egg and embryo development were assessed. RESULT(S) U. parvum was attached and internalized into mouse sperms and localized mainly at the sperm head and midpiece. U. parvum-infected mouse sperms exhibited decreased motility in a dose- and duration-dependent manner. Electron micrographs revealed that U. parvum infection induced the aggregation and morphological destruction of mouse sperm. Infected mouse sperm transported U. parvum into the fertilized egg with reduced fertilization rates, and infected embryo development was impaired. CONCLUSION(S) U. parvum infection caused deterioration of the mouse sperm quality and its functions, which affected the fertilization rate and embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Ito
- Department of Developmental Medicine, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Akai
- Department of Developmental Medicine, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumiko Nishiumi
- Department of Developmental Medicine, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakura
- Department of Developmental Medicine, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Heng Ning Wu
- Department of Developmental Medicine, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Teru Kurata
- Department of Developmental Medicine, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Division of Biotechnological Science, Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Akira Onodera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kawai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kajiyama
- Division of Biotechnological Science, Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Itaru Yanagihara
- Department of Developmental Medicine, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
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Dcunha R, Hussein RS, Ananda H, Kumari S, Adiga SK, Kannan N, Zhao Y, Kalthur G. Current Insights and Latest Updates in Sperm Motility and Associated Applications in Assisted Reproduction. Reprod Sci 2020; 29:7-25. [PMID: 33289064 PMCID: PMC7721202 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00408-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spermatozoon is a motile cell with a special ability to travel through the woman’s reproductive tract and fertilize an oocyte. To reach and penetrate the oocyte, spermatozoa should possess progressive motility. Therefore, motility is an important parameter during both natural and assisted conception. The global trend of progressive reduction in the number and motility of healthy spermatozoa in the ejaculate is associated with increased risk of infertility. Therefore, developing approaches for maintaining or enhancing human sperm motility has been an important area of investigation. In this review we discuss the physiology of sperm, molecular pathways regulating sperm motility, risk factors affecting sperm motility, and the role of sperm motility in fertility outcomes. In addition, we discuss various pharmacological agents and biomolecules that can enhance sperm motility in vitro and in vivo conditions to improve assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes. This article opens dialogs to help toxicologists, clinicians, andrologists, and embryologists in understanding the mechanism of factors influencing sperm motility and various management strategies to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyon Dcunha
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Reda S Hussein
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assiut University, Assiut City, Egypt
| | - Hanumappa Ananda
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Sandhya Kumari
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Satish Kumar Adiga
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Nagarajan Kannan
- Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Yulian Zhao
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India. .,Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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19
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Farahani L, Tharakan T, Yap T, Ramsay JW, Jayasena CN, Minhas S. The semen microbiome and its impact on sperm function and male fertility: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Andrology 2020; 9:115-144. [PMID: 32794312 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male factor is attributable in up to 50% of cases of infertility. In vitro studies demonstrate that bacteria can negatively impact sperm function. The use of next-generation sequencing techniques has provided a better understanding of the human microbiome, and dysbiosis has been reported to impact health. Evidence regarding the impact of the semen microbiome on sperm function and fertility remains conflicting. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. The databases MEDLINE, OVID and PubMed were searched to identify English language studies related to the identification of bacteria in the semen of infertile and fertile men, between 1992 and 2019. Fifty-five observational studies were included, with 51 299 subjects. We included studies identifying bacteria using next-generation sequencing, culture or polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The semen microbiome was rich and diverse in both fertile and infertile men. Three NGS studies reported clustering of the seminal microbiome with a predominant species. Lactobacillus and Prevotella were dominant in respective clusters. Lactobacillus was associated with improvements in semen parameters. Prevotella appeared to exert a negative effect on sperm quality. Bacteriospermia negatively impacted sperm concentration and progressive motility, and DNA fragmentation index (DFI; MD: 3.518, 95% CI: 0.907 to 6.129, P = .008). There was an increased prevalence of ureaplasma urealyticum in infertile men (OR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.47-3.46). Ureaplasma urealyticum negatively impacted concentration and morphology. There was no difference in the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis between fertile and infertile men and no significant impact on semen parameters. Enterococcus faecalis negatively impacted total motility, and Mycoplasma hominis negatively impacted concentration, PM and morphology. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Ureaplasma urealyticum, Enterococcus faecalis, Mycoplasma hominis and Prevotella negatively impact semen parameters, whereas Lactobacillus appears to protect sperm quality. These findings may facilitate the development of novel therapies (eg probiotics), although the evidence regarding the impact of the seminal microbiome on fertility is inconclusive and further studies are needed to investigate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Farahani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.,Section of Investigative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tharu Tharakan
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Tet Yap
- Department of Urology, Guys and St, Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jonathan W Ramsay
- Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.,Department of Andrology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Channa N Jayasena
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Andrology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Suks Minhas
- Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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20
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Okereafor K, Ekong I, Okon Markson I, Enwere K. Fingerprint Biometric System Hygiene and the Risk of COVID-19 Transmission. JMIR BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.2196/19623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biometric systems use scanners to verify the identity of human beings by measuring the patterns of their behavioral or physiological characteristics. Some biometric systems are contactless and do not require direct touch to perform these measurements; others, such as fingerprint verification systems, require the user to make direct physical contact with the scanner for a specified duration for the biometric pattern of the user to be properly read and measured. This may increase the possibility of contamination with harmful microbial pathogens or of cross-contamination of food and water by subsequent users. Physical contact also increases the likelihood of inoculation of harmful microbial pathogens into the respiratory tract, thereby triggering infectious diseases. In this viewpoint, we establish the likelihood of infectious disease transmission through touch-based fingerprint biometric devices and discuss control measures to curb the spread of infectious diseases, including COVID-19.
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21
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Farsimadan M, Motamedifar M. Bacterial infection of the male reproductive system causing infertility. J Reprod Immunol 2020; 142:103183. [PMID: 32853846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections play a disruptive and hidden role in male reproductive failure. Different kinds of bacteria are often able to interfere with reproductive function in both sexes and lead to infertility. In this study, to further evaluate the role of bacterial infections in male reproduction we provided an extensive overview of so far researches investigating the effects of bacterial infections on male fertility. We searched Medline, PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar databases to identify the potentially relevant studies on bacterial infections and their implications in male infertility. All the bacteria included in this article have negative effects on the male reproductive function; however, there is ample evidence to blame bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma, Mycoplasma and Staphylococcus aureus for reduced fertility and deterioration of sperm parameters. More studies are needed to clarify the molecular mechanisms by which different bacteria exert their detrimental effects on male reproductive system. Getting more insight into probable mechanisms, would significantly facilitate the production of new, advanced, and effective remedies in the future. In view of all evidence, we strongly suggest increasing awareness among people and considering screening programs for patients seeking fertility both to avoid transmission and to improve fertility outcomes among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziye Farsimadan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Motamedifar
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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22
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Henkel R, Offor U, Fisher D. The role of infections and leukocytes in male infertility. Andrologia 2020; 53:e13743. [PMID: 32693434 DOI: 10.1111/and.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Declining birth rates are one of the problems facing society today. Male counterparts are responsible for about half of the infertility cases, and genitourinary tract infections may play a contributing role in approximately 15% of male infertility cases. Leukocytospermia is an established indicator of infection in the male urogenital tract, although other microorganisms such as bacteria and virus may also be contributors to the etiology of male infertility. The pathophysiology of these infectious agents may be initiated by a local inflammatory reaction resulting in an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). This results in testicular injury, thereby affecting sperm morphology, sperm motility, sperm viability and elevation of the seminal leukocyte as a result of the genital tract infection. The infectious and inflammatory changes can result in male infertility. It is proposed that high concentrations of seminal leukocyte and infectious agents may affect sperm function resulting in clumping of motile spermatozoa, decreasing acrosomal functionality and also causing alterations in sperm morphology. However, the literature has poorly clarified the role of infection in male infertility, provoking further debate and research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Henkel
- Department of Medical Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa.,American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ugochukwu Offor
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - David Fisher
- Department of Medical Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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23
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Siles-Guerrero V, Cardona-Benavides I, Liébana-Martos C, Vázquez-Alonso F, Expósito-Ruiz M, Navarro-Marí JM, Gutiérrez-Fernández J. Recent clinical relevance of mono-genital colonization/infection by Ureaplasma parvum. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:1899-1905. [PMID: 32436116 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03928-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ureaplasma parvum is the most prevalent genital mycoplasma in women of childbearing age. There is debate around the relevance of its presence in male or female genitals for disease development and as a cofactor. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of colonization/infection by U. parvum and its possible relationship with reproductive tract infections. We retrospectively analyzed the presence of U. parvum in patients referred by specialist clinicians for suspicion of genitourinary tract infection. U. parvum was detected in 23.8% of samples, significantly more frequently in females (39.9%) than in males (6%). Among the males, U. parvum was found alone in 68.4% of episodes, with Ct < 30. Among the females, U. parvum was detected in 88.6% of cases, with Ct < 30, including 22 cases with premature rupture of membranes and 6 cases with threat of preterm labor. Co-infection was significantly more frequent in females (62.6%) than in males (31.6%). Given the high prevalence of U. parvum as sole isolate in males and females with genitourinary symptoms, it should be considered in the diagnosis and treatment of genital infections, although its pathogenic role in some diseases has not been fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Siles-Guerrero
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada-Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada.ibs, Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Cardona-Benavides
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Liébana-Martos
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Ciudad de Jaén -Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs Granada, Jaén, Spain
| | - Fernando Vázquez-Alonso
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves-Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuela Expósito-Ruiz
- Research and Biostatistics Methodology Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José María Navarro-Marí
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves-Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada-Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada.ibs, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves-Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs Granada, Granada, Spain.
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24
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Sprong KE, Mabenge M, Wright CA, Govender S. Ureaplasma species and preterm birth: current perspectives. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:169-181. [PMID: 32141797 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1736986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the human Ureaplasma species are most frequently isolated from the amniotic fluid and placenta in these cases. Ureaplasma colonisation is associated with infertility, stillbirth, histologic chorioamnionitis, and neonatal morbidities, including congenital pneumonia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, meningitis and perinatal death. The human Ureaplasma spp. are separated into Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum with 14 known serotypes. The small genome has several genes, which code for surface proteins; most significantly the Multiple Banded Antigen (MBA) where an antigenic C-terminal domain elicits a host antibody response. Other genes code for various virulence factors such as IgA protease and urease. Ureaplasma spp. infection is diagnosed by culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and commercial assays are available to improve turnaround time. Microbroth dilution assays are routinely used to test antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical Ureaplasma spp. especially against doxycycline, azithromycin, ofloxacin and josamycin. Resistance to macrolides, fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines has been reported. A concise review of Ureaplasma spp. and their role in pregnancy outcomes, especially preterm birth, offers insight into the early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy to prevent long-term complications of Ureaplasma spp. infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Elizabeth Sprong
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Mfundo Mabenge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dora Nginza Hospital, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Colleen Anne Wright
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa and Lancet Laboratories, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sharlene Govender
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
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25
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Ghorbanzadeh N, Peymani A, Ahmadpour-Yazdi H. Colorimetric-based detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum using gold nanoparticles. IET Nanobiotechnol 2020; 14:19-24. [PMID: 31935673 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2019.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ureaplasma urealyticum (uu) is one of the most common agents of urogenital infections and is associated with complications such as infertility, spontaneous abortion and other sexually transmitted diseases. Here, a DNA sensor based on oligonucleotide target-specific gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was developed, in which the dispersed and aggregated states of oligonucleotide-functionalised AuNPs were optimised for the colorimetric detection of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicon of U. urealyticum DNA. A non-cross-linking approach utilising a single Au-nanoprobe specific of the urease gene was utilised and the effect of a PCR product concentration gradient evaluated. Results from both visual and spectral analyses showed that target-Au-nanoprobe hybrids were stable against aggregation after adding the inducer. Furthermore, when a non-target PCR product was used, the peak position shifted and salt-induced aggregation occurred. The assay's limit of detection of the assay was 10 ng with a dynamic range of 10-60 ng. This procedure provides a rapid, facile and low-cost detection format, compared to methods currently used for the identification of U. urealyticum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Ghorbanzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Amir Peymani
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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26
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Abstract
The clinical significance of Ureaplasmas in urogenital pathology is reviewed. Ureaplasmas belong to the class Mollicutes. Asymptomatic carriage of these bacteria is common, and most individuals do not develop disease. Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum are sexually transmitted bacteria among humans implicated in a variety of disease states including but not limited to: nongonococcal urethritis, adverse pregnancy outcomes, chorioamnionitis, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in neonates. U. urealyticum has been associated with urethritis in men and is revealed in a high concentration that confirms its etiological role in the disease. Men with a high U. urealyticum load are considered for treatment, however, the data on the therapy efficiency have been insufficient so far. In symptomatic women, bacterial vaginosis should always be tested for, and the corresponding therapy should be prescribed in case of positive results.
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27
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Clonal diversity of Ureaplasma species and its relationship with oligozoospermia and semen quality in Chinese infertile males. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 37:1957-1963. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-3331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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Zhou YH, Ma HX, Yang Y, Gu WM. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis isolated from semen samples of infertile men in Shanghai, China from 2011 to 2016. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 37:729-734. [PMID: 29313203 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-3167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance rate of Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis that were isolated from the semen samples of infertile males in Shanghai, China from 2011 to 2016. A total of 5016 infertile males and 412 healthy male controls were examined. The cultivation, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis were assessed by using a Mycoplasma IST kit that was performed in parallel to selective solid agar cultivation. The positive rate of genital Mycoplasma infections in infertile men from 2011 to 2016 was 30-55%, which initially decreased during the first four years and then increased in the last two. Two distinct high-risk age ranges of Mycoplasma infections were observed: 26-30 years (37.8%) and 31-35 years (30.7%). Semisynthetic tetracyclines and macrolide antibiotics were the most effective agents against Ureaplasma spp. Among the fluoroquinolones, sparfloxacin and levofloxacin were also effective. Antibiotic resistance of Ureaplasma spp. against tetracyclines and macrolide antibiotics in the last six years did not vary significantly. However, the rate of resistance to fluoroquinolones (except norfloxacin) and spectinomycin decreased in the last two years. The rate of genital Mycoplasma presence in infertile patients between the ages of 26 and 35 years in Shanghai was high. The prevalence of genital Mycoplasma decreased during the first four years and then increased, with a peak in 2016. Doxycycline, minocycline, josamycin, and sparfloxacin can be recommended for first-line empirical treatment of Mycoplasma infections in infertile men in Shanghai, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-H Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Crops Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police, Shanghai, China
| | - H-X Ma
- Department of Health Management Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - W-M Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Shanghai, China
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