1
|
Kirmizi M, Sengul YS, Akcali O, Angin S. Effects of foot exercises and customized arch support insoles on foot posture, plantar force distribution, and balance in people with flexible flatfoot: A randomized controlled trial. Gait Posture 2024; 113:106-114. [PMID: 38865799 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercises strengthening foot muscles and customized arch support insoles are recommended for improving foot posture in flexible flatfoot. However, it is not known what the effects of exercises and insoles on plantar force distribution obtained during walking at different speeds. Also, randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of exercises and insoles are limited. RESEARCH QUESTION What are the effects of foot exercises, customized arch support insoles, and exercises plus insoles on foot posture, plantar force distribution, and balance in people with flexible flatfoot? Do exercises, insoles, and exercises plus insoles affect outcome measures differently? METHODS Forty-five people with flexible flatfoot were randomly divided into three groups and 40 of those completed the study. The exercise group performed tibialis posterior strengthening and short foot exercises three days a week for six weeks. The insole group used their customized arch support insoles for six weeks. The exercise plus insole group received both interventions for six weeks. The assessments were performed three times: before the interventions and at the 6th and 12th weeks. Outcome measures were (1) foot posture, (2) plantar force distribution in the following conditions: static standing, barefoot walking at different speeds, and walking immediately after the heel-rise test, and (3) balance. RESULTS Foot posture improved in all groups, but insole was less effective than exercise and exercise plus insole (p<0.05). Plantar force variables obtained during standing and walking changed in all groups (p<0.05). The superiority of the interventions differed according to the plantar regions and walking speed conditions (p<0.05). Static balance improved in all groups, but limits of stability improved in the exercise plus insole and exercise groups (p<0.05). SIGNIFICANCE The superiority of the interventions differed according to the assessed parameter. The management of flexible flatfoot should be tailored based on the assessment results of each individual.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muge Kirmizi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey; Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Yesim Salik Sengul
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Omer Akcali
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Salih Angin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zuil-Escobar JC, Martín-Urrialde JA, Gómez-Conesa A, Martínez-Cepa CB. High Medial Longitudinal Arch of the Foot and Latent Trigger Points in Lower Limb Muscles. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4049. [PMID: 39064088 PMCID: PMC11277851 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The objective was to evaluate the prevalence of latent trigger points (LTrPs) in lower limb muscles in participants with a high medial longitudinal arch (MLA) of the foot compared to controls. Methods: Participants with a navicular drop test of 4-9 mm were included in the control group; the high MLA group included navicular drop test values of ≤4 mm. The presence of LTrPs was assessed by palpation techniques. The muscles evaluated were medial gastrocnemius (LTrP1), lateral gastrocnemius (LTrP2), soleus (LTrP1), peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum longus, rectus femoris, vastus medialis (LTrP1 and LTrP2), and the vastus lateralis of the quadriceps (LTrP1 and LTrP2). Results: Thirty-seven participants with high MLA and thirty-seven controls were included in the study. Twenty-nine (78.4%) participants in the high MLA group had at least 1 LTrP, compared to twenty-three (62.2%) in the control group. No statistical difference (p < 0.05) was found in the total number of LTrPs between groups (4.46 ± 3.78 vs. 3.24 ± 3.85). There were more participants (p < 0.05) with LTrPs in the tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, and vastus lateralis (LTrP1 and LTrP2) in the high MLA group than in the control group. Conclusion: Although no differences were found in the number of total LTrPs between groups, the prevalence was statistically significantly higher in the tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, and vastus lateralis of the participants with high MLA of the foot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Zuil-Escobar
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain;
| | - José Antonio Martín-Urrialde
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain;
| | - Antonia Gómez-Conesa
- Research Group Research Methods and Evaluation in Social Sciences, Mare Nostrum Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Carmen Belén Martínez-Cepa
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Blouin C, Genet F, Graff W, Bonnyaud C, Perrier A. Cross-cultural adaptation and reliability of the Foot Posture Index (FPI-6) - French version. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:1621-1629. [PMID: 37204129 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2203524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The 6-item Foot Posture Index (FPI-6) is a reliable tool for the evaluation of foot deformities. Our aim was to translate and cross-culturally validate the FPI-6 for use in French-speaking countries and to determine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the French version. METHODS Cross-cultural adaptation was performed according to guidelines. Two clinicians assessed the FPI-6 in 52 asymptomatic individuals. We evaluated intra- and inter-rater reliability with the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), correlations (p-value < 0.05) and Bland-Altman plots. Standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimum detectable change (MDC95) were determined. RESULTS For the cross-cultural adaptation, we modified several items of the FPI-6 user guide and added footnotes to ensure correct interpretation. ICC of the total FPI-6 scores were 0.94 to 0.96 for the intra- and inter-rater reliability for dominant and non-dominant lower limb. Correlations were significant (p < 0.001); r 0.88 to 0.92. Total score SEM was 0.68 to 0.78 and MDC95 was 1.58 to 1.82. CONCLUSIONS Intra- and inter-rater reliability of this French version of the FPI-6 was excellent for the total score and good to excellent for each item. The French FPI-6 can be used in French-speaking countries. The identification of SEM and MDC scores is useful for clinical interpretation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Blouin
- Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, ERPHAN, Versailles, France
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique, Hôpital de la Croix-Saint-Simon, Groupe Hospitalier Diaconesses- Croix-Saint-Simon, Paris, France
- ISPC Synergies, Paris, France
| | - François Genet
- ISPC Synergies, Paris, France
- Unité Péri Opératoire du Handicap, (UPOH- Perioperative Disability Unit), Département PARASPORT- SANTE, service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire APHP-Université PARIS SACLAY, Garches, France
- END: ICAP, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ); UFR Simone Veil - Santé, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Wilfrid Graff
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique, Hôpital de la Croix-Saint-Simon, Groupe Hospitalier Diaconesses- Croix-Saint-Simon, Paris, France
| | - Céline Bonnyaud
- Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, ERPHAN, Versailles, France
- Laboratoire d'analyse du mouvement, Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, APHP, Garches, France
| | - Antoine Perrier
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique, Hôpital de la Croix-Saint-Simon, Groupe Hospitalier Diaconesses- Croix-Saint-Simon, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle et d'innovation en Médecine et Complexité TIMC, CNRS, Grenoble, France
- Service de diabétologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Askarisiahooie F, Trabia MB, Dufek JS, Mangoubi R. Automated plantar contact area estimation in a dynamic state using K-Means clustering. Foot (Edinb) 2023; 56:102021. [PMID: 37001346 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2023.102021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimation of plantar contact area (PCA) can be used for a variety of purposes such as classification of foot types and diagnosis of foot abnormalities. While some techniques have been developed for assessing static PCA, understanding dynamic PCA may improve understanding of gait biomechanics. This study aims (1) to develop an approach to estimate PCA from video images of footprints during walking and (2) to assess the accuracy and generalizability of this method. METHODS A sample of 41 ambulatory, young adults (age = 24.3 ± 3.2 years, mass = 67.2 ± 16.9 kg, height = 1.63 ± 0.08 m) completed 10 trials walking on a raised transparent plexiglass platform. Foot contact during walking was recorded using a video camera placed under the platform. An image processing algorithm, Clustering Segmentation, was developed based on identifying color intensity between the PCA and the rest of the foot and plantar contact morphology. RESULTS The proposed approach was compared to manual hand tracing, which is widely accepted as the Gold Standard, as well as with an earlier automated approach (Lidstone et al., 2019). Results showed that Clustering Segmentation followed the Gold Standard closely in all phases of gait. The maximum PCA and the maximum PCA length and width generally increased with foot size, indicating that the algorithm could successfully estimate the PCA across a wide range of foot sizes. Results also showed that the proposed approach for obtaining the PCA may be used to characterize various foot types in a dynamic state. CONCLUSION Clustering Segmentation algorithm eliminates the need for subjective interpretation of the PCA. The results showed that the algorithm was considerably faster and more accurate than the earlier automated method. The proposed algorithm will be appropriate for assessment of foot abnormalities and provides complementary information to gait analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Forough Askarisiahooie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154, United States.
| | - Mohamed B Trabia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154, United States
| | - Janet S Dufek
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, 4505 S. Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154, United States
| | - Rami Mangoubi
- C. S. Draper Laboratory, 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gulrandhe P, Yadav V, Naqvi WM. Correlation Between Foot Posture and Hamstring Muscle Tightness. Cureus 2023; 15:e42046. [PMID: 37602068 PMCID: PMC10434718 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The hamstring muscle is related to the lumbar spine, pelvic, and lower limb movement dysfunction, as well as low back pain and abnormal gait. The kinematic chain's distal elements dysfunctions may affect the body's proximal segments. There is a biomechanical connection between the foot and proximal segments of the body and its effect on the body's functional status, but there is a lack of research that focuses on the correlation between foot posture and hamstring muscle tightness. The study aimed to find the correlation between hamstring muscle tightness and foot posture using the foot posture index (FPI). Methods After obtaining ethical committee approval, necessary authorization was obtained from relevant authorities to proceed with participant screening. Informed consent was obtained from every participant, accompanied by a comprehensive explanation of the study. Screening of participants was conducted based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. These criteria were crucial for selecting a homogeneous sample and ensuring the study's objectives were met. The assessment of foot posture was carried out using FPI, and hamstring tightness was examined using an active knee extension test. Result and discussion In our study, which included 188 participants aged between 18 and 25 (mean age: 21.91±1.97), we examined the correlation between FPI and active knee extension (AKE) test results. Using Pearson's correlation coefficient, we found a statistically significant correlation between the FPI and AKE test results. For the right side, the r-value was 0.678 (p-value = 0.0001); for the left side, the r-value was 0.653 (p-value = 0.0001); and for the total, the r-value was 0.663 (p-value = 0.0001). These findings indicate a significant relationship between the FPI and AKE test results. Conclusion The findings of our study revealed a significant relationship between hamstring tightness and pronation of the foot, as measured by the FPI. Understanding this relationship is crucial as it sheds light on the potential impact of hamstring tightness on foot biomechanics. By establishing this link, our study contributes to the body of knowledge surrounding the prevention of alterations in foot biomechanics. It highlights the importance of addressing hamstring tightness to mitigate potential foot pronation issues. Moreover, the study serves as a stepping stone for future research endeavors. It lays the groundwork for further large-scale investigations that encompass a broader range of age groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Purva Gulrandhe
- Department of Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
| | - Vaishnavi Yadav
- Department of Physiotherapy, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
| | - Waqar M Naqvi
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, ARE
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Loreti S, Berardi A, Galeoto G. Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Foot Posture Index (FPI-6)-Italian Version. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11091325. [PMID: 37174867 PMCID: PMC10178607 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11091325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since foot posture is one of the main predictors of lower limb musculoskeletal injuries, it is crucial to use appropriate tools to define the foot's posture. The Foot Posture Index is, therefore, a reliable method to measure foot posture and is widely known and used in clinics and research. This study aimed to translate the Foot Posture Index 6 (FPI6) into Italian and to assess its psychometric properties. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation were obtained using a popular guideline. Two examinators assessed 68 subjects, and data were collected to test intra/inter-rater reliability, internal consistency and cross-cultural validity. The Italian version of FPI6 showed excellent inter- and intra-rater reliability (ICC 0.96 and 0.97), and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.9, thus showing excellent internal consistency. The FPI-6 version has proved to be reliable in terms of inter- and intra-rater reliability and can, therefore, be used in clinical practice and scientific research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Loreti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Berardi
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Galeoto
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IRCSS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Y, Chen Z, Wu Z, Li J, Li C, Yang J, Chen W, Ye Z, Shen X, Jiang T, Liu W, Xu X. Reliability of foot posture index (FPI-6) for evaluating foot posture in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1103644. [PMID: 36741758 PMCID: PMC9889869 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1103644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine the reliability of FPI-6 in the assessment of foot posture in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: Thirty volunteers with KOA (23 females, 7 males) were included in this study, assessed by two raters and at three different moments. Inter-rater and test-retest reliability were assessed with Cohen's Weighted Kappa (Kw) and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Bland-Altman plots and respective 95% limits of agreement (LOA) were used to assess both inter-rater and test-retest agreement and identify systematic bias. Moreover, the internal consistency of FPI-6 was assessed by Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results: FPI-6 total score showed a substantial inter-rater (Kw = .66) and test-retest reliability (Kw = .72). The six items of FPI-6 demonstrated inter-rater and test-retest reliability varying from fair to substantial (Kw = .33 to .76 and Kw = .40 to .78, respectively). Bland-Altman plots and respective 95% LOA indicated that there appeared no systematic bias and the acceptable agreement of FPI-6 total score for inter-rater and test-retest was excellent. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between each item and the total score of FPI-6, which indicated that FPI-6 had good internal consistency. Conclusion: In conclusion, the reliability of FPI-6 total score and the six items of FPI-6 were fair to substantial. The results can provide a reliable way for clinicians and researchers to implement the assessment of foot posture in patients with KOA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zehua Chen
- The Orthopedics Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhuzhou city, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Zugui Wu
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Li
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Congcong Li
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaman Yang
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijian Chen
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Ye
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Shen
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Tao Jiang, ; Wengang Liu, ; Xuemeng Xu,
| | - Wengang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Tao Jiang, ; Wengang Liu, ; Xuemeng Xu,
| | - Xuemeng Xu
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Tao Jiang, ; Wengang Liu, ; Xuemeng Xu,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rambelli C, Mazzoli D, Galletti M, Basini G, Zerbinati P, Prati P, Mascioli F, Masiero S, Merlo A. Foot Assessment Clinical Scales in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Patients: A Scoping Review. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:914340. [PMID: 35814949 PMCID: PMC9263827 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.914340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a slow and progressive peripheral motor sensory neuropathy frequently associated with the cavo-varus foot deformity. We conducted a scoping review on the clinical scales used to assess foot deviations in CMT patients and analyzed their metric properties. Evidence Acquisition A first search was conducted to retrieve all scales used to assess foot characteristics in CMT patients from the Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and PEDro databases. A second search was conducted to include all studies that evaluated the metric properties of such identified scales from the same databases. We followed the methodologic guidelines specific for scoping reviews and used the PICO framework to set the eligibility criteria. Two independent investigators screened all papers. Evidence Synthesis The first search found 724 papers. Of these, 41 were included, using six different scales: “Foot Posture Index” (FPI), “Foot Function Index”, “Maryland Foot Score”, “American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society's Hindfoot Evaluation Scale”, “Foot Health Status Questionnaire”, Wicart-Seringe grade. The second search produced 259 papers. Of these, 49 regarding the metric properties of these scales were included. We presented and analyzed the properties of all identified scales in terms of developmental history, clinical characteristics (domains, items, scores), metric characteristics (uni-dimensionality, inter- and intra-rater reliability, concurrent validity, responsiveness), and operational characteristics (normative values, manual availability, learning time and assessors' characteristics). Conclusions Our results suggested the adoption of the six-item version of the FPI scale (FPI-6) for foot assessment in the CMT population, with scoring provided by Rasch Analysis. This scale has demonstrated high applicability in different cohorts after a short training period for clinicians, along with good psychometric properties. FPI-6 can help health professionals to assess foot deformity in CMT patients over the years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Rambelli
- Gait & Motion Analysis Laboratory, Sol et Salus Hospital, Rimini, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Rehabilitation, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Davide Mazzoli
- Gait & Motion Analysis Laboratory, Sol et Salus Hospital, Rimini, Italy
- *Correspondence: Davide Mazzoli
| | - Martina Galletti
- Gait & Motion Analysis Laboratory, Sol et Salus Hospital, Rimini, Italy
| | - Giacomo Basini
- Gait & Motion Analysis Laboratory, Sol et Salus Hospital, Rimini, Italy
| | - Paolo Zerbinati
- Gait & Motion Analysis Laboratory, Sol et Salus Hospital, Rimini, Italy
- Neuro-Orthopedic Unit, Sol et Salus Hospital, Rimini, Italy
| | - Paolo Prati
- Gait & Motion Analysis Laboratory, Sol et Salus Hospital, Rimini, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Masiero
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Rehabilitation, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Merlo
- Gait & Motion Analysis Laboratory, Sol et Salus Hospital, Rimini, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kirmizi M, Sengul YS, Angin S. The effects of calf muscles fatigue on dynamic plantar pressure distribution in normal foot posture and flexible flatfoot: A case-control study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2022; 35:649-657. [PMID: 34459384 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-210069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flexible flatfoot is associated with altered plantar pressure distribution, but it is not clear how muscle fatigue affects plantar pressure characteristics in flexible flatfoot and normal foot. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of calf muscles fatigue on plantar pressure variables in flexible flatfoot and normal foot. METHODS Twenty-five people with flexible flatfoot and twenty-five people with normal foot were included. The unilateral heel-rise test was used to induce calf muscles fatigue. Plantar pressure variables were collected during preferred walking immediately before and after fatigue. The two-way mixed-design ANOVA was used to determine the main effect of fatigue and the interaction between foot posture and fatigue. RESULTS Fatigue caused medialization of the contact area under the forefoot and the maximum force under the heel and forefoot (p< 0.05). When examining the differences in the effects of fatigue between groups, the contact area under the medial heel increased with fatigue in flexible flatfoot but decreased in normal foot; moreover, the contact area and maximum force under the midfoot and the maximum force under the third metatarsal decreased with fatigue in flexible flatfoot but increased in normal foot (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Calf muscles fatigue caused medialization of the maximum force and contact area. Especially the midfoot was affected differently by fatigue in flexible flatfoot and normal foot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muge Kirmizi
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Cigli, Izmir, Turkey.,Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yesim Salik Sengul
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Salih Angin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kramer PA, Lautzenheiser SG. Foot morphology influences the change in arch index between standing and walking conditions. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 305:3254-3262. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
11
|
Allam HH, Muhsen A, Al-walah MA, Alotaibi AN, Alotaibi SS, Elsayyad LK. Effects of Plyometric Exercises versus Flatfoot Corrective Exercises on Postural Control and Foot Posture in Obese Children with a Flexible Flatfoot. Appl Bionics Biomech 2021; 2021:3635660. [PMID: 34754329 PMCID: PMC8572602 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3635660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity contributes to the acquired flatfoot deformity which in turn impairs balance. AIM The purpose of the current study was to compare the effect of plyometric exercises with flatfoot corrective exercises on balance, foot posture, and functional mobility in obese children with a flexible flatfoot. METHODS Forty-seven children participated in the study. Their age ranged from 7 to 11 years. Participants were randomly divided into 3 groups: experimental group I (EGI), experimental group II (EGII), and the control group (CG). The EGI received plyometric exercises and the EGII received corrective exercises, 2 sessions weekly for 10 weeks. The control group did not perform any planned physical activities. The Prokin system was used to assess balance, the timed up and go test (TUG) was used to assess functional mobility, and the navicular drop test (NDT) was used to assess foot posture. RESULTS EGI showed significant improvement in all balance parameters, foot posture, and TUG. EGII showed improvement in the ellipse area and perimeter in addition to foot posture and TUG. CONCLUSION Plyometric exercises and foot correction exercises had a positive effect on foot posture, balance, and functional mobility in obese children with flatfeet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hatem H. Allam
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Misr University for Sciences and Technology, Egypt
| | - Alsufiany Muhsen
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mosfer A. Al-walah
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shayek S. Alotaibi
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Children Hospital, Ministry of Health, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamiaa K. Elsayyad
- Department of Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|