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Sen LC, Jahan I, Salekin N, Shourove JH, Rahman M, Uddin MJ, Zhang C, H Hamer D, Islam GMR. Food craving, vitamin A, and menstrual disorders: A comprehensive study on university female students. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0310995. [PMID: 39321166 PMCID: PMC11423980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menstrual disorders, influenced by dietary habits like high fat intake and low fruit and vegetable consumption, are a global public health issue. This study assessed the prevalence of dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and irregular menstrual cycle (IMC) among female university students in Bangladesh, focusing on food cravings and low vitamin A intake as risk factors. METHODS In this comprehensive study, data from randomly selected female university students were collected using a structured questionnaire. The associations were analyzed through chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression, reported as adjusted odds ratios (AOR). RESULTS The most prevalent menstrual disorder was dysmenorrhea (68.3%) followed by PMS (33.8%), and IMC (24.3%). Food cravers for high-fat and sweet foods were likely to experience dysmenorrhea (AOR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.5-3.9, P<0.001), suffer from PMS (AOR: 3.9, 95% CI: 2.3-6.6, P<0.001), and have IMC (AOR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.6-5.3, P<0.001) vs. subjects who didn't. Subjects consuming vitamin A-rich plant foods had 40% (AOR: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4-0.9, P < 0.01) and 60% (AOR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2-0.6, P<0.001) less likely suffering from dysmenorrhea and IMC vs. who didn't. Both underweight and overweight/obese subjects experienced more than 2-fold dysmenorrhea vs. normal-weight peers. The chance of IMC was nearly 3-fold among overweight/obese subjects. However, lower physical activity was associated with PMS and IMC whereas family history was associated with dysmenorrhea and PMS. Among the socio-demographic factors, maternal education, place of residence, and earlier menarche (≤12 years) were associated with dysmenorrhea while marital status was associated with IMC. CONCLUSION This study indicates that increasing the intake of vitamin A-rich plant foods and reducing high-fat, sweet foods can lower the risk of dysmenorrhea and IMC. Additionally, it highlights the need for regular exercise to mitigate the increased risk of PMS and IMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liton Chandra Sen
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Community Health and Hygiene, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Ishrat Jahan
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Community Health and Hygiene, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Nadia Salekin
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Community Health and Hygiene, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Jahid Hasan Shourove
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Mosiur Rahman
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Davidson H Hamer
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - G M Rabiul Islam
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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Dixon S, Taghinejadi N, Duddy C, Holloway F, Vincent K, Ziebland S. Adolescent dysmenorrhoea in general practice: tensions and uncertainties. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2024; 6:1418269. [PMID: 39247490 PMCID: PMC11377416 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2024.1418269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This Perspectives article reflects on findings from our systematic review about adolescent dysmenorrhoea Q, drawing on sociology of diagnosis theory. We consider tensions and uncertainties between presentation with symptoms of dysmenorrhoea and processes of symptom categorisation and diagnosis in adolescents, tracing these through research and clinical guidance, considering possible implications for clinical practice. We argue that challenges in distinguishing between primary and secondary dysmenorrhoea in research translate into challenges in differentiation in clinical practice. We argue that framing this distinction as clear cut and straightforward belies the well-documented challenges in diagnosis of endometriosis, and that not recognising uncertainty and complexity inherent in this task may benefit neither clinicians nor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Dixon
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Neda Taghinejadi
- Nuffield Department of Women's Reproductive Health, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Duddy
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Flora Holloway
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Katy Vincent
- Nuffield Department of Women's Reproductive Health, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sue Ziebland
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Brown N, Martin D, Waldron M, Bruinvels G, Farrant L, Fairchild R. Nutritional practices to manage menstrual cycle related symptoms: a systematic review. Nutr Res Rev 2023:1-24. [PMID: 37746736 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422423000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Certain nutritional practices may reduce menstrual-related symptoms, but there is no current consensus on what foods/supplements are sufficiently evidenced to warrant promotion to reduce menstrual symptoms of naturally menstruating individuals. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Two online databases were searched for published experimental studies that investigated the effects of foods/supplements on menstrual-related symptoms in eumenorrhoeic women. Extracted data and study characteristics were tabulated and grouped on the basis of food/supplement intervention and dosage compared with UK dietary reference values (DRV) and safe upper limits. In total, twenty-eight studies and twenty-one different foods/supplement interventions were included in the review. None of the studies reported a negative effect on symptoms, twenty-three reported a positive effect and five had no effect. Eighteen different ways of measuring menstrual-related symptoms were described across the studies. The results indicate a lack of consistency in studies to confidently provide information to eumenorrheic, naturally menstruating women regarding the use of foods/supplements to reduce menstrual symptoms. Determination of menstrual-related symptoms varied along with dose and duration of food or supplements provided. These data provide some evidence for the use of vitamin D, calcium, zinc and curcumin to reduce menstrual-related symptoms of non-hormonal contraceptive users, on an individual basis; however, further investigation is required prior to implementation with a focus on robust protocols to determine and measure changes in menstrual symptoms, with interventions adhering to DRV and safe upper limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Brown
- Applied, Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, SwanseaSA1 8EN, UK
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, Welsh Institute of Performance Science, Swansea, UK
| | - Daniel Martin
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Mark Waldron
- Applied, Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, SwanseaSA1 8EN, UK
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, Welsh Institute of Performance Science, Swansea, UK
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Georgie Bruinvels
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
- Orreco Ltd., Galway, Ireland
| | - Lucy Farrant
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Department of Healthcare and Food, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ruth Fairchild
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Department of Healthcare and Food, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
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Kanchibhotla D, Subramanian S, Singh D. Management of dysmenorrhea through yoga: A narrative review. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1107669. [PMID: 37063942 PMCID: PMC10098011 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1107669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Menstrual pain also known as dysmenorrhea is one of the most common and underrated gynecological disorders affecting menstruating women. Although the symptoms and impact might vary greatly, it is defined by cramps in the lower abdomen and pain that radiates to lower back and thighs. In some cases it is also accompanied by nausea, loose stool, dizziness etc. A primary narrative review was conducted on the impact of yoga on dysmenorrhea experienced by women. The English-language literature published until 2022 was searched across databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus. “Yoga” and “menstrual pain” OR “dysmenorrhea” were used as keywords for the search across several databases. A total of 816 title searches were obtained across all the database searches. This review article included 10 studies based on the selection criteria. The studies examined the impact of a varied set of 39 asanas, 5 pranayamas and Yoga nidra on dysmenorrhea. The studies demonstrated a significant relief in dysmenorrhea among those who practiced Yoga (asanas/pranayama/yoga nidra) with improved pain tolerance and reduced stress levels. Regulating the stress pathways through yoga was found to be a key in regulating hormonal balance and reduction in dysmenorrhea.
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Myofascial Pain Syndrome in Women with Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Case-Control Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12112723. [PMID: 36359567 PMCID: PMC9689409 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited information on myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) and specific symptoms of chronic pelvic pain and, more specifically, dysmenorrhea. The objective of this study was to determine whether patients suffering from primary dysmenorrhea present alterations in mechanosensitivity and pain patterns, and greater presence of MTrPs in the abdominal and pelvic floor muscles. A case-control study was carried out with a total sample of 84 participants distributed based on primary dysmenorrhea and contraceptive treatment. The sample was divided into four groups each comprising 21 women. Data on pain, quality of life, and productivity and work absenteeism were collected; three assessments were made in different phases of the menstrual cycle, to report data on pressure pain threshold, MTrP presence, and referred pain areas. One-way ANOVA tests showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) between the groups, for the Physical Health domain and the total score of the SF-12 questionnaire, and for all the domains of the McGill questionnaire; but no significant differences were found in the data from the WPAI-GH questionnaire. Statistically significant data (p < 0.01) were found for mechanosensitivity in the abdominal area and limbs, but not for the lumbar assessment, within the group, with very few significant intergroup differences. The frequency of active MTrPs is higher in the groups of women with primary dysmenorrhea and during the menstrual phase, with the prevalence of myofascial trigger points of the iliococcygeus muscle being especially high in all examination groups (>50%) and higher than 70% in women with primary dysmenorrhea, in the menstrual phase, and the internal obturator muscle (100%) in the menstrual phase. Referred pain areas of the pelvic floor muscles increase in women with primary dysmenorrhea.
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Park J, Lim YC, Hwang DS, Ha IH, Lee YS. Analysis of Healthcare Utilization for Primary Dysmenorrhea in Korea: A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:1015-1027. [PMID: 35959202 PMCID: PMC9359788 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s366386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study is a retrospective, cross-sectional study aiming to present basic data on the treatment modalities and cost of care for primary dysmenorrhea (PD) by analyzing healthcare utilization and patient distributions using the 2010 to 2018 Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) data. Patients and Methods We used the HIRA-National Patient Sample (NPS) data to analyze medical service utilization for PD (ICD-10 code: N94.4, N94.6) in Western medicine (WM) or Korean medicine (KM) care between January 2010 and December 2018. Results There were 41,139 patients diagnosed with PD who utilized Western medicine (WM) or Korean medicine (KM) care at least once during the study period. The number of claims and patients steadily rose over the years from 7430 claims for 3989 patients in 2010 to 11,523 claims for 6226 patients in 2018. The predominant age group was 15 to 24 years. Regarding the frequency of service categories for PD in the claims, consultation was the most common and costly service category in WM (72,120 cases, 47.89%; 631,912 USD, 69.74%), while injection and analogous treatments was the most common and costly service category in KM (97,157 cases, 72.41%; 314,696 USD, 55.86%). Regarding the drug prescriptions, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (26,617 cases, 40.47%) were the most frequently prescribed drug for PD in pharmacies and hospitals. Conclusion The result shows an annual increase in healthcare utilization for PD with the fastest rate in individuals aged 15 to 24 years. This study provides data on the current utilization of WM and KM care for PD for policymakers. Furthermore, we analyzed the frequency and cost of common treatment modalities in WM and KM, which would be useful data for clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Cheol Lim
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Sang Hwang
- Department of OB & GY in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hyuk Ha
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: In-Hyuk Ha; Ye-Seul Lee, Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, 2F, 540 Gangnam-daero, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06110, Republic of Korea, Tel +82-2-2222-2740, Fax +82-2-2222-2737, Email ;
| | - Ye-Seul Lee
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Judkins TC, Oula ML, Sims SM, Langkamp-Henken B. The effect of a probiotic on gastrointestinal symptoms due to menstruation in healthy adult women on oral contraceptives: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial protocol. Trials 2022; 23:481. [PMID: 35689274 PMCID: PMC9188249 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06410-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction For many women, uncomfortable and stressful symptoms accompany the menstrual cycle each month, sometimes in a debilitating manner. Previous studies have reported that gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy women significantly differ by the day of the menstrual cycle, but few studies have assessed interventions intended to minimize these symptoms. Probiotics supplements have been shown to attenuate gastrointestinal symptom severity as well as self-reported feelings of stress in various populations. This study evaluates the effect of a probiotic on abdominal pain and gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy women who take an oral contraceptive, have regular menses, and typically experience these symptoms during menstruation with the primary aim being change in abdominal pain intensity related to the menstrual cycle with probiotic versus placebo supplementation. Methods and analysis In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel study, participants will receive either a probiotic or placebo supplement. Participants will begin answering questionnaires approximately 7 days before the start of menstruation (i.e., active bleeding), and 3 days later, they will begin consuming the study supplement for 8 weeks. The questionnaires administered will collect data about abdominal pain severity (primary outcome) and duration related to the menstrual cycle, digestive health, dietary intake, stress, and digestion-associated quality-of-life. A subgroup of women will provide weekly vaginal swabs and stool samples to examine the effect of the probiotic supplement on microbiota composition and diversity for exploratory purposes. Two-sided tests using a linear model and a type I error rate of α = 0.05 will be employed to test all hypotheses. Continuous variables will be presented as means with standard errors and categorical variables, as counts or proportions. Ethics and dissemination This study was reviewed and approved by the University of Florida Institutional Review Board 01. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants prior to any study activities. Study findings will be disseminated at scientific conferences and publication in the trial registry or in a peer-reviewed journal. Any protocol amendments will be reported in the final manuscript of this study. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04457401. Registered prospectively on 07 July 2020. The trial was completed in December of 2021. Protocol version V4.0 (11-04-2020) Trial status Currently recruiting. Recruitment began in November 2020 and extend until December 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor C Judkins
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, 572 Newell Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Marie-Laure Oula
- Lallemand Health Solutions, 6100 Royalmount avenue, Montreal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Shireen Madani Sims
- Univeristy of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100294, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Bobbi Langkamp-Henken
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, 572 Newell Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Abstract
Studies show that between 41% and 91.5% of young women, school-aged and university-aged, are affected by dysmenorrhea. Primary dysmenorrhea, which is caused by the production of prostaglandins, is defined as cramping pain in the lower abdomen and/or pelvis occurring just before or during menstruation, in the absence of other diseases such as endometriosis, and typically lasting 1-3 days and with a negative physical examination. Secondary dysmenorrhea presents with similar signs and symptoms but is a result of underlying pelvic pathology, for example endometriosis or uterine fibroids. Dysmenorrhea most typically presents as abdominal cramping; however, it can also present with headaches, nausea, vomiting or other generalized symptoms. The diagnosis is mainly clinical, but other tests such as a pelvic examination, a pregnancy test and STI screening may be helpful in ruling out other sources of pain. Although the mainstay of treatment for dysmenorrhea is NSAIDs and hormonal therapy, lifestyle changes and complementary/alternative medicine can also be helpful approaches. Lifestyle changes include aerobic exercise and stretching, while complementary alternative medicine include peppermint, cinnamon, ginger and other herbs and supplements. Finally, endometriosis must be considered as a potential cause for secondary dysmenorrhea and would warrant a prompt referral to gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Gutman
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Northwell Health, 410 Lakeville Road, Suite 108, New Hyde Park, New York, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA.
| | - Ariel Tassy Nunez
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Northwell Health, 410 Lakeville Road, Suite 108, New Hyde Park, New York, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Martin Fisher
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Northwell Health, 410 Lakeville Road, Suite 108, New Hyde Park, New York, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
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Genome-wide association study of primary dysmenorrhea in the Taiwan Biobank validates associations near the NGF and IL1 gene loci. J Hum Genet 2022; 67:449-458. [PMID: 35351958 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Using the Taiwan Biobank, we aimed to identify traits and genetic variations that could predispose Han Chinese women to primary dysmenorrhea. Cases of primary dysmenorrhea included those who self-reported "frequent dysmenorrhea" in a dysmenorrhea-related Taiwan Biobank questionnaire, and those who have been diagnosed with severe dysmenorrhea by a physician. Controls were those without self-reported dysmenorrhea. Customized Axiom-Taiwan Biobank Array Plates were used to perform whole-genome genotyping, PLINK was used to perform association tests, and HaploReg was used to conduct functional annotations of SNPs and bioinformatic analyses. The GWAS analysis included 1186 cases and 24,020 controls. We identified 53 SNPs that achieved genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8, which clustered in 2 regions. The first SNP cluster was on chromosome 1, and included 24 high LD (R2 > 0.88) variants around the NGF gene (lowest P value of 3.83 × 10-13 for rs2982742). Most SNPs occurred within NGF introns, and were predicted to alter regulatory binding motifs. The second SNP cluster was on chromosome 2, including 7 high LD (R2 > 0.94) variants around the IL1A and IL1B loci (lowest P value of 7.43 × 10-10 for rs11676014) and 22 SNPs that did not reach significance after conditional analysis. Most of these SNPs resided within IL1A and IL1B introns, while 2 SNPs may be in the promoter histone marks or promoter flanking regions of IL1B. To conclude, data from this study suggest that NGF, IL1A, and IL1B may be involved in the pathogenesis of primary dysmenorrhea in the Han Chinese in Taiwan.
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Kannan P, Cheung KK, Lau BWM, Li L, Chen H, Sun F. A mixed-methods study to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of aerobic exercise for primary dysmenorrhea: A study protocol. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256263. [PMID: 34398930 PMCID: PMC8366973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Several studies have evaluated the effects of high-intensity aerobic training (HIAT) on pain severity and quality of life (QoL) among women with primary dysmenorrhea. However, to date, no studies have evaluated the effectiveness of HIAT on academic performance or absenteeism or examined the cost-effectiveness of HIAT relative to other treatments in women with primary dysmenorrhea. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying aerobic exercise-induced analgesia in primary dysmenorrhea remain unclear. The objectives of this study are to: (1) evaluate the effects of HIAT on absenteeism and academic performance among university students, (2) identify the underlying mechanisms associated with aerobic exercise-induced analgesia in primary dysmenorrhea, and (3) determine the cost-effectiveness of HIAT compared with a wait-list control (WLC) group receiving usual care. METHODS A sequential, embedded, mixed-methods study design, including a crossover, randomised controlled trial (RCT) and semi-structured focus groups, will be conducted alongside an economic evaluation. A total of 130 women aged 18-24 years will be randomised into either HIAT (n = 65) or wait-list control (n = 65) groups. Primary outcomes will include average pain intensity, absenteeism from university, and academic performance. Primary mediators will include salivary progesterone and prostaglandin F2α levels. Outcome and meditator variables will be assessed at baseline and post-treatment, at 12 and 28 weeks. An economic analysis will be conducted from the societal and healthcare perspective of Hong Kong. Semi-structured focus groups will be conducted at 32 weeks. Of the 130 participants included in the RCT, 70 will be included in the focus groups. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS All statistical analyses will be performed on an intention-to-treat basis, using SPSS (version 24). Preliminary analysis using an independent samples t-test and a two-sided, unpaired Student's t-test will be performed to exclude carryover effects and identify within-participant differences in outcome variables between the study periods, respectively. Treatment effects will be evaluated using analysis of variance via a mixed-effects model with fixed effects for intervention, period, and sequence. In all models, random effects will include the participants nested within the sequence as a sampling cluster. The mediation effects will be assessed using the Sobel test. The EQ-5D responses will be converted into utility scores to estimate the gain or loss of quality-adjusted life-years. Seemingly unrelated regression analyses will be used to estimate the total cost differences and effect differences. Qualitative data will be analysed using the process of thematic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Kannan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Kuen Cheung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Benson Wui-Man Lau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Huijun Chen
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fenghua Sun
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Education University of Hong Kong, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
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The effects of long-term menstrual pain on pain empathy in women with primary dysmenorrhea. Pain 2021; 162:2051-2059. [PMID: 33492034 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Primary dysmenorrhea (PDM) is not only a painful experience but also affects the psychological and affective states of women. Neuroimaging studies have revealed shared neural substrates for somatic and empathic pains in healthy subjects. However, little is known about the relationship between pain intensity and pain empathy in pain disorders. The cyclic nature of PDM makes it a unique model for investigating this issue during a patients' pain phase. To study how long-term pain modulates empathy for pain, T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained in 39 PDM patients and 41 matched female healthy controls during menstruation. Subjects viewed static visual stimuli of the limbs submitted to painful and nonpainful stimulation to solicit empathy. The visual analogue scale for pain intensity and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index for empathic ability were also obtained. We found that women with PDM exhibited higher pain empathy compared with controls. The anterior insula and brain regions related to sensory discrimination with decreased gray matter volumes were not only shared but also acted as a mediator between pain intensity and pain empathy in PDM patients. In addition, the general linear modeling analysis revealed that long-term pain experience was a more important factor to pain empathy compared with pain intensity. This indicated that long-term pain may cause maladaptive brain structural plasticity, which may further affect psychological adjustment to bring patients more vivid pain when they witness suffering and distress in others.
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Lin SY, Yang YC, Lin CC, Chang CYY, Hsu WH, Wang IK, Lin CD, Hsu CY, Kao CH. Increased Incidence of Dysmenorrhea in Women Exposed to Higher Concentrations of NO, NO 2, NO x, CO, and PM 2.5: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Front Public Health 2021; 9:682341. [PMID: 34222182 PMCID: PMC8247898 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.682341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Air pollution is speculated to affect the reproductive health of women. However, a longitudinal association between exposure to air pollution and dysmenorrhea has not been identified, which this study aimed to examine this point. Methods: Two nationwide databases, namely the Taiwan Air Quality Monitoring database and the Taiwan National Health Research Institutes database were linked. Women with a history of dysmenorrhea (International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 625.3) before 2000 were excluded. All participants were followed from January 1, 2000 until the diagnosis of dysmenorrhea, withdrawal from National Health Insurance, or December 31, 2013. Furthermore, air pollutants were categorized into quartiles with three cut-off points (25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles). The Cox regression model was used to calculate the hazard ratios of dysmenorrhea. Results: This study enrolled 296,078 women. The mean concentrations of yearly air pollutants were 28.2 (±12.6) ppb for nitric oxides (NOx), 8.91 (±7.93) ppb for nitric oxide (NO), 19.3 (±5.49) ppb for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), 0.54 (±0.18) ppm for carbon monoxide (CO), and 31.8 (±6.80) μg/m3 for PM2.5. In total, 12,514 individuals developed dysmenorrhea during the 12-year follow-up. Relative to women exposed to Q1 concentrations of NOx, women exposed to Q4 concentrations exhibited a significantly higher dysmenorrhea risk [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR)= 27.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 21.6–31.3]; similarly higher risk was found for exposure to NO (aHR = 16.7, 95% CI = 15.4–18.4) and NO2 (aHR = 33.1, 95% CI = 30.9–37.4). For CO, the relative dysmenorrhea risk in women with Q4 level exposure was 28.7 (95% CI = 25.4–33.6). For PM2.5, women at the Q4 exposure level were 27.6 times (95% CI = 23.1–29.1) more likely to develop dysmenorrhea than those at the Q1 exposure level. Conclusion: Our results showed that women would have higher dysmenorrhea incidences while exposure to high concentrations of NO, NO2, NOx, CO, and PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yi Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology and Kidney Institute, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cih Yang
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cherry Yin-Yi Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Huei Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Chest Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Kuan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology and Kidney Institute, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Der Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department Teaching, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department Otolaryngology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Y Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Kao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center of Augmented Intelligence in Healthcare, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Ethanolic Extracts of Adlay Testa and Hull and Their Active Biomolecules Exert Relaxing Effect on Uterine Muscle Contraction through Blocking Extracellular Calcium Influx in Ex Vivo and In Vivo Studies. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060887. [PMID: 34203783 PMCID: PMC8232605 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysmenorrhea is one of the most prevalent disorders in gynecology. Historically, adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. Ma-yuen Stapf.) has been explored for its anti-tumor, pain relief, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of adlay seeds on the inhibition of uterine contraction and thus dysmenorrhea relief, in vitro and in vivo. HPLC-MS and GC were used to elucidate the ethyl acetate fraction of adlay testa ethanolic extract (ATE-EA) and ethyl acetate fraction of adlay hull ethanolic extract (AHE-EA). Elucidation yielded flavonoids, phytosterols, and fatty acids. Uterine leiomyomas and normal adjacent myometrial tissue were evaluated by oxytocin- and PG-induced uterine contractility. ATE-EA and AHE-EA suppressed uterine contraction induced by prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α), oxytocin, carbachol, and high-KCl solution ex vivo. In addition, the external calcium (Ca2+) influx induced contraction, and increased Ca2+ concentration was inhibited by ATE-EA and AHE-EA on the uterine smooth muscle of rats. Furthermore, ATE-EA and AHE-EA effectively attenuated the contraction of normal human myometrium tissues more than adjacent uterine leiomyoma in response to PGF2α. 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-Heptamethoxyflavone and chrysoeriol produced a remarkable inhibition with values of IC50 = 24.91 and 25.59 µM, respectively. The experimental results showed that treatment with ATE-EA at 30 mg/day effectively decreased the writhing frequency both on the oxytocin-induced writhing test and acetic acid writhing test of the ICR mouse.
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14
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Daily, weekly, seasonal and menstrual cycles in women's mood, behaviour and vital signs. Nat Hum Behav 2021; 5:716-725. [PMID: 33526880 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-020-01046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Dimensions of human mood, behaviour and vital signs cycle over multiple timescales. However, it remains unclear which dimensions are most cyclical, and how daily, weekly, seasonal and menstrual cycles compare in magnitude. The menstrual cycle remains particularly understudied because, not being synchronized across the population, it will be averaged out unless menstrual cycles can be aligned before analysis. Here, we analyse 241 million observations from 3.3 million women across 109 countries, tracking 15 dimensions of mood, behaviour and vital signs using a women's health mobile app. Out of the daily, weekly, seasonal and menstrual cycles, the menstrual cycle had the greatest magnitude for most of the measured dimensions of mood, behaviour and vital signs. Mood, vital signs and sexual behaviour vary most substantially over the course of the menstrual cycle, while sleep and exercise behaviour remain more constant. Menstrual cycle effects are directionally consistent across countries.
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15
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Hoffman SR, Farland LV, Doll KM, Nicholson WK, Wright MA, Robinson WR. The epidemiology of gynaecologic health: contemporary opportunities and challenges. J Epidemiol Community Health 2020; 75:jech-2019-213149. [PMID: 33109525 PMCID: PMC8095335 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2019-213149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The field of reproductive epidemiology has primarily focused on reproductive outcomes and gynaecologic cancers. The study of non-cancerous, gynaecologic conditions (eg, uterine fibroids, endometriosis) has not received serious treatment in existing epidemiology textbooks and reproductive epidemiology curricula. Further, these conditions do not neatly fit into the other common subdisciplines within epidemiology (eg, infectious disease, cardiovascular, injury and occupational epidemiology and so on). In this commentary, we identify and illustrate three critical challenges to advancing the epidemiologic research of non-cancerous, gynaecologic conditions. With greater investment and a patient-centred approach, epidemiology can advance knowledge about this critical area of human welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Hoffman
- Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Leslie V Farland
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Kemi M Doll
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Wanda K Nicholson
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Center for Women's Health Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Maya A Wright
- Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Whitney R Robinson
- Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Carolina Population Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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16
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Nloh AM, Ngadjui E, Vogue N, Momo ACT, Fozin GRB, Yemeli YM, Watcho P. Prevalence and factors associated with dysmenorrhea in women at child bearing age in the Dschang Health District, West-Cameroon. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 37:178. [PMID: 33447333 PMCID: PMC7778174 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.37.178.19693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction dysmenorrhea is a painful phenomenon at the pelvis region preceding or following menstruation. Dysmenorrhea accounts among the most frequent problem of women at child bearing age and affects 45% to 95% of them. According to the WHO, 16.8 to 81% of women are affected by dysmenorrhea. The present study was carried out at the Dschang Health District in order to determine the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and associated factors among women at child bearing age. Methods a transversal community-based study was carried out from March to June 2018. Information regarding socio-demographic features, prevalence, factors associated with the dysmenorrhea and the effect of dysmenorrhea on daily activities were collected using structured questionnaire and data were analyzed using Epi Info version 7.1.3.3 Software. Results a total of 637 women aged 12 to 50 years were interviewed in the present study. The mean body mass index was 25.94 with an average weight of 66.41 kilogram. Fifty six point twenty percent (56.20%) of participants had dysmenorrhea. From all risks factors fund only the normal body mass index (OR = 3.08, P-value = 0.01) having a significant association with the occurrence of dysmenorrhea. Daily activities were affected in 73.25% of participants dysmenorrheic and those who had some episodes of dysmenorrhea. Conclusion the present study showed that more than a half of respondents were dysmenorrheic and several factors were associated with this pathology. This study also suggests that dysmenorrhea have a negative impact on the daily activities of women at child bearing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Mbvoumi Nloh
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences of the University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Esther Ngadjui
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences of the University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.,Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Noël Vogue
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences of the University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.,Regional Delegation of Public Health of the Centre Region, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Aimé Césaire Tetsatsi Momo
- Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Georges Roméo Bonsou Fozin
- Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Yannick Meli Yemeli
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences of the University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Pierre Watcho
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences of the University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.,Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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17
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Rahmania S, Shetty V, Ragavendrasamy B. Neutral douche: a hydrotherapeutic tool to manage pain and systemic symptoms in primary dysmenorrhea - a randomised controlled study. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 18:209-216. [PMID: 33035186 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES The douche, one of the hydrotherapeutic treatment modality is commonly used by Naturopathy physicians as a treatment of choice in the management of several ailments. This study was done to assess the effect of full body neutral douche in the management of pain and systemic symptoms in adult females with primary dysmenorrhoea. METHODS 68 subjects of age 18-22 years with primary dysmenorrhoea were recruited for the study and were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group (n = 34) and the control group (n = 34). The experimental group received whole body neutral douche, whereas the control group followed the routine as usual. Assessments for the pain, systemic symptoms and menstrual cramps were done by using McGill Pain Questionnaire, Verbal multidimensional scoring system and analog scale for severity of pain and menstrual cramps respectively at baseline, day 30 and day 60 of intervention. Two- way repeated measures of ANOVA was performed to understand the between group changes, adjusted for the respective baseline values and age. RESULT Data was analyzed with SPSS (Version 21.0) package. Neutral douche resulted in significant improvement in pain [F(2,66) = 114.564, p < 0.0005, partial ?2 = 0.771], severity of pain [F(2,66) = 70.418, p < 0.0005, partial ?2 = 0.681], cramps [F(2,66) = 75.986, p < 0.0005, partial ?2 = 0.697] and systemic symptoms [F(2,66) = 14.64, p < 0.0005, partial ?2 = 0.307] as compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that neutral douche can be used as a non-pharmacological intervention in the management of pain and systemic symptoms in primary dysmenorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sataz Rahmania
- Alva's College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences, Moodbidri, India
| | - Vanitha Shetty
- Alva's College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences, Moodbidri, India
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18
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Lghoul S, Loukid M, Hilali MK. Prevalence and predictors of dysmenorrhea among a population of adolescent's schoolgirls (Morocco). Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1737-1742. [PMID: 32565690 PMCID: PMC7296472 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynaecological problem among young females. In Arabic countries, few studies on gynaecological problems of adolescent's girls were published. OBJECTIVE the aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and associated factors among adolescents in public schools at Marrakesh. METHODS we conducted a cross-sectional study; our data was collected via a questionnaire and the statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 21. Our random sample counted 364 post-menarcheal girls aged between 12 and 20 years who participated voluntarily in our study. RESULTS the mean age at menarche was 12.89 ± 1.34 years; the prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 78% and 58.1% of them suffering from severe dysmenorrhea that increased clearly with the chronological age. Dysmenorrhea was cause for missing school among 13% of girls and the most common symptoms associated with it were backache, fatigue, irritability and anxiety. The gynecological age was found to be the only predictive factor of dysmenorrhea among schoolgirls. CONCLUSION reproductive health education should be improved enough by including them in the school curriculum to prepare girls for menstruation and inform them about problems related to this phenomenon, especially dysmenorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siham Lghoul
- Laboratory of Human Ecology (Department of Biology), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University of Cadi-Ayyad, Marraksh, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Loukid
- Laboratory of Human Ecology (Department of Biology), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University of Cadi-Ayyad, Marraksh, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Kamal Hilali
- Laboratory of Human Ecology (Department of Biology), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University of Cadi-Ayyad, Marraksh, Morocco
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19
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Basson R, Zdaniuk B, Brotto L. Primary Dysmenorrhea and Painful Sex: Canaries in the Coal Mine? JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2020; 42:1351-1357. [PMID: 32475703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2020.02.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary dysmenorrhea and provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) are common pain conditions in young women. The purpose of this study was to document the severity of dysmenorrhea in women with confirmed PVD to further clarify reports of comorbidity. Since central sensitisation (CS) of the nervous system is present in both conditions, diagnosis of either, but especially both conditions, may reflect past chronic stress. METHODS We investigated this comorbidity in a sample of 63 women who met diagnostic criteria for PVD, and a comparison group of 89 women with low sexual desire and arousal but no pain during sex. All women completed questionnaires about the history and severity of their dysmenorrhea. RESULTS Of the women with PVD, 28.6% recalled moderate and 34.9% severe dysmenorrhea. For women in the comparison group, these figures were 22.5% and 19.1%, respectively. Women with PVD reported that the periods they experienced as teenagers were more painful, longer, more debilitating, and persistently painful for more years than those recalled by women in the comparison group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the origins of the early-onset CS require serious investigation. Research into the potential to reduce future chronic pain conditions through early effective treatment of primary dysmenorrhea is also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Basson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.
| | - Bozena Zdaniuk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Lori Brotto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
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20
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Azagew AW, Kassie DG, Walle TA. Prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea, its intensity, impact and associated factors among female students' at Gondar town preparatory school, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Womens Health 2020; 20:5. [PMID: 31906945 PMCID: PMC6945628 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-019-0873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as a crampy pain in the lower abdomen before or during the menstrual period in the absence of any pelvic pathology. It is the leading motherhood problem worldwide but there is limited evidence on the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea in the study area as well in Ethiopia. Researching primary dysmenorrhea helps to focus on the treatment plan. The study aimed to assess the prevalence, intensity, impact, and associated factors of primary dysmenorrhea among female students at Gondar town preparatory school. METHODS A cross-sectional study design conducted among female students at Gondar town Preparatory School from May 1-10/2017. A total of 459 study participants were used. A simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants. A self-administered structured questionnaire was employed. Epi Info version 7 and SPSS version 20 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. A binary logistic regression model was computed. Variables having a p-value < 0.05 in the multivariate logistic regression model were considered as statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 459 female students participated in the study with a response rate of 96.29%. The prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea among female students was found to be 64.7% (95% CI; 60.2-69.2%). Around 61% reported moderate intensity of menstrual pain and 50.7% complain about lower abdominal pain. Sixty-five percent of study participants reported that absenteeism from school was the impact of menstrual pain. Having irregular monthly menstrual cycle (AOR = 1.70, 95% CI; 1.02, 2.84) and positive family history of dysmenorrhea (AOR = 5.19, 95% CI: 3.21, 8.37) were significantly associated with primary dysmenorrhea. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea was found to be high. Having an irregular monthly menstrual cycle and a positive family history of dysmenorrhea were determinants of primary dysmenorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abere Woretaw Azagew
- Department of Medical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Destaye Guadie Kassie
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tarkie Abebe Walle
- Department of Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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21
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Ansong E, Arhin SK, Cai Y, Xu X, Wu X. Menstrual characteristics, disorders and associated risk factors among female international students in Zhejiang Province, China: a cross-sectional survey. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2019; 19:35. [PMID: 30777053 PMCID: PMC6380055 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-019-0730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Until now, no previous study has addressed the menstrual patterns among female international students in China. In this present study, our objectives are to ascertain the menstrual characteristics and address the menstrual problems together with their associated risk factors among international students in China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out with 500 previously piloted self-structured questionnaires which were administered to female international students enrolled in 15 universities in Zhejiang Province, China from May 2–August 31, 2016. Participants were required to provide answers to a semi-structured questionnaire which asked questions about their socio-demographics and their menstrual characteristics while in their home countries. Relevant changes in their menstrual pattern in terms of amount of flow and duration, regularity, length and suggestive symptoms for premenstrual syndrome in the months after coming to reside in China were also inquired. Respondents indicated changes in eating habits and selected stressors relevant to them from a given list. Their stress levels were assessed and further categorized with the help of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Measurements for the main outcomes included the characteristics of menstrual patterns after arrival in China, stress levels, stressors and new lifestyle patterns. Results Four hundred and nine (81.8%) out of the 500 questionnaires met the criteria and constituted the population for this study. The respondents’ mean age was 21.405 years. Almost half of our respondents (49.1%) reported varying changes in their menstrual pattern after arrival to China. Although, menstrual regularity, normal menstrual length (21-35 days) and duration of flow (3–7 days) remained fairly normal among most of the respondents, disorders like premenstrual symptoms (PMS) (33.82%); abnormal amount (17.97%) and dysmenorrhea (16.38%) were prevalent. There was a significant association between high stress (PSS > 20) and menstrual change 0R = 1.636, 95% CI 1.051–2.547, p = 0.029) and dysmenorhea (p = 0.037). Common stressors included language barrier 81(25.88%), food 64(20.45%), and loneliness 56(17.89%). Conclusion Menstrual disorders are high among international students in China. We established premenstrual symptoms as the most common menstrual disorder. High levels of stress (PSS > 20) emanating from factors including the language barrier, diet and loneliness was significantly related to the disruptions in their menstruation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ansong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Samuel Kofi Arhin
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Xueyuan Western Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyao Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Özgül S, Üzelpasaci E, Orhan C, Baran E, Beksaç MS, Akbayrak T. Short-term effects of connective tissue manipulation in women with primary dysmenorrhea: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2018; 33:1-6. [PMID: 30396605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the short-term effectiveness of connective tissue manipulation (CTM) for relieving menstrual pain and symptoms in primary dysmenorrhea (PD). METHODS Forty-four women with PD were randomly assigned to treatment (n = 21) or control group (n = 23). While the control group was given only advising, the treatment group additionally received CTM. The primary outcome was the menstrual pain intensity by Visual Analogue Scale. Secondary outcomes included the number of pain medications, menstrual pain catastrophizing by Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), menstrual symptoms by Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire (MSQ) and menstrual attitude by Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire (MAQ). RESULTS Compared with the control group, CTM group showed statistically significant improvement in pain, medication use, PCS, MSQ (p = 0.001) and in the perception of menstruation as a natural event (p = 0.029). However, no significant differences were detected between groups for some aspects of MAQ (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS CTM seems to be an effective approach in the short-term in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Özgül
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 06100, Samanpazarı, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Esra Üzelpasaci
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 06100, Samanpazarı, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ceren Orhan
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 06100, Samanpazarı, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Emine Baran
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 06100, Samanpazarı, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - M Sinan Beksaç
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 06100, Samanpazarı, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Türkan Akbayrak
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 06100, Samanpazarı, Ankara, Turkey.
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Liu P, Liu Y, Wang G, Yang X, Jin L, Sun J, Qin W. Aberrant default mode network in patients with primary dysmenorrhea: a fMRI study. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:1479-1485. [PMID: 27738992 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9627-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Primary dysmenorrhea (PDM), characterized by cramping pain in the lower abdomen, is a common gynecological disorder in women of child-bearing age. An increasing number of neuroimaging studies have emphasized that PDM is associated with functional and structural abnormalities in the regions related to the default mode network (DMN). Based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the aim of this study was to use amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and functional connectivity (FC) to investigate changes of the intrinsic brain activity in the DMN in PDM. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to assess relationships between the neuroimaging findings and clinical symptoms. Forty-eight PDM patients and thirty-eight matched healthy controls participated in this study. Compared to healthy controls, PDM patients had increased ALFF in the precuneus, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and decreased ALFF in the thalamus. PDM patients also had decreased connectivity between the precuneus and left dmPFC and right ACC, while increased connectivity between the precuneus and left thalamus. In addition, the ALFF in the left dmPFC in PDM patients positively correlated with disease duration. Our findings provide further evidence of the DMN-related abnormalities in PDM patients which might contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China.
| | - Yanfei Liu
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China
| | - Geliang Wang
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China
| | - Xuejuan Yang
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China
| | - Lingmin Jin
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China
| | - Jinbo Sun
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China.
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Sammali F, Kuijsters NPM, Schoot BC, Mischi M, Rabotti C. Feasibility of Transabdominal Electrohysterography for Analysis of Uterine Activity in Nonpregnant Women. Reprod Sci 2018; 25:1124-1133. [PMID: 29658433 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118768700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Uterine activity plays a key role in reproduction, and altered patterns of uterine contractility have been associated with important physiopathological conditions, such as subfertility, dysmenorrhea, and endometriosis. However, there is currently no method to objectively quantify uterine contractility outside pregnancy without interfering with the spontaneous contraction pattern. Transabdominal electrohysterography has great potential as a clinical tool to characterize noninvasively uterine activity, but results of this technique in nonpregnant women are poorly documented. The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of transabdominal electrohysterography in nonpregnant women. METHODS Longitudinal measurements were performed on 22 healthy women in 4 representative phases of the menstrual cycle. Twelve electrohysterogram-based indicators previously validated in pregnancy have been estimated and compared in the 4 phases of the cycle. Using the Tukey honest significance test, significant differences were defined for P values below .05. RESULTS Half of the selected electrohysterogram-based indicators showed significant differences between menses and at least 1 of the other 3 phases, that is the luteal phase. CONCLUSION Our results suggest transabdominal electrohysterography to be feasible for analysis of uterine activity in nonpregnant women. Due to the lack of a golden standard, this feasibility study is indirectly validated based on physiological observations. However, these promising results motivate further research aiming at evaluating electrohysterography as a method to improve understanding and management of dysfunctions (possibly) related to altered uterine contractility, such as infertility, endometriosis, and dysmenorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sammali
- 1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Nienke Pertronella Maria Kuijsters
- 1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.,2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Benedictus Christiaan Schoot
- 1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.,2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.,3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Massimo Mischi
- 1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Chiara Rabotti
- 1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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Abadi Bavil D, Dolatian M, Mahmoodi Z, Akbarzadeh Baghban A. A comparison of physical activity and nutrition in young women with and without primary dysmenorrhea. F1000Res 2018; 7:59. [PMID: 30228874 PMCID: PMC6117855 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12462.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological disorder in young women and is seen in almost 50% of women. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between physical activity and nutrition with primary dysmenorrhea in students at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (Sari, Iran) in 2015. Methods: This comparative descriptive study was conducted on 250 students with and without primary dysmenorrhea. Data were collected using personal-demographic, nutrition and physical activity questionnaires. The output was then analyzed in SPSS-18 using independent t-test, Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Results: The results showed significant differences between the two groups in terms of nutrition and physical activity, as the mean score of nutrition was 57.91 in the group with dysmenorrhea and 61.68 in the group without, while the mean intensity of physical activity was 5518.75 metric in the group with dysmenorrhea and 4666.42 metric in the group without. Physical activity was calculated by MET scale (minutes/week). This index measured the amount of consumed energy at the time of activity relative to that consumed at resting time. Conclusions: A healthier and more favorable nutrition style and more regular physical activity reduces the severity of dysmenorrhea in girls. Therefore, educational measures are required to raise awareness among young women about the effects of proper nutrition and physical activity on the prevention and reduction of dysmenorrhea complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Abadi Bavil
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahrokh Dolatian
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mahmoodi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban
- Proteomics Research Center, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Alsaleem MA. Dysmenorrhea, associated symptoms, and management among students at King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia: An exploratory study. J Family Med Prim Care 2018; 7:769-774. [PMID: 30234051 PMCID: PMC6131986 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_113_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dysmenorrhoea is a common health problem among females in their reproductive years. Available information on dysmenorrhoea in university student in abah, Saudi Arabia is limited. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and associated menstrual symptoms and their self-management techniques among female university students of King Khalid University (KKU). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at College of health science in KKU, Saudi Arabia. Sample: A total of 197 students aged between 18 and 23 years. A Self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect data. Results: Dysmenorrhea was reported by more than two-thirds of the girls (70.6%). In the 139 girls, who reported dysmenorrhea, its related information on severity of pain, medication use, and care-seeking behavior is detailed in the table. Severe pain was reported by (35.2%) respondents. Two-third of the respondents (66%) reported using medications for pain relief and use of herbal medicine was also found to be quite prevalent (69.1%). The gastrointestinal problems were the most common symptoms experienced by the students and were significantly high among the dysmenorrheal students. Less than one in four respondents (23%) reported consulting a doctor for their dysmenorrheal while most of them consulted with friends and family. Conclusion: Dysmenorrhea is a very common problem among the university students. A number of symptoms were related with dysmenorrhea. Even though it is common, and may not have a pathological cause, few students seek medical advice. Increasing the awareness can help in relieving the burden of this common health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abadi Alsaleem
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Genome-wide association analysis of pain severity in dysmenorrhea identifies association at chromosome 1p13.2, near the nerve growth factor locus. Pain 2017; 157:2571-2581. [PMID: 27454463 PMCID: PMC5436737 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Genome-wide association study on 11,891 females of European descent for self-reported dysmenorrhea pain severity identified a significant association that colocalises with the NGF locus. Dysmenorrhea is a common chronic pelvic pain syndrome affecting women of childbearing potential. Family studies suggest that genetic background influences the severity of dysmenorrhea, but genetic predisposition and molecular mechanisms underlying dysmenorrhea are not understood. In this study, we conduct the first genome-wide association study to identify genetic factors associated with dysmenorrhea pain severity. A cohort of females of European descent (n = 11,891) aged 18 to 45 years rated their average dysmenorrhea pain severity. We used a linear regression model adjusting for age and body mass index, identifying one genome-wide significant (P < 5 × 10−8) association (rs7523086, P = 4.1 × 10−14, effect size 0.1 [95% confidence interval, 0.074–0.126]). This single nucleotide polymorphism is colocalising with NGF, encoding nerve growth factor. The presence of one risk allele corresponds to a predicted 0.1-point increase in pain intensity on a 4-point ordinal pain scale. The putative effects on NGF function and/or expression remain unknown. However, genetic variation colocalises with active epigenetic marks in fat and ovary tissues, and expression levels in aorta tissue of a noncoding RNA flanking NGF correlate. Participants reporting extreme dysmenorrhea pain were more likely to report being positive for endometriosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome, depression, and other psychiatric disorders. Our results indicate that dysmenorrhea pain severity is partly genetically determined. NGF already has an established role in chronic pain disorders, and our findings suggest that NGF may be an important mediator for gynaecological/pelvic pain in the viscera.
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Zarei S, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Mirghafourvand M, Javadzadeh Y, Effati-Daryani F. Effects of Calcium-Vitamin D and Calcium-Alone on Pain Intensity and Menstrual Blood Loss in Women with Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Controlled Trial. PAIN MEDICINE 2017; 18:3-13. [PMID: 27296057 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnw121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective There is limited evidence on effectiveness of calcium and vitamin D on dysmenorrhea. The authors aimed to determine the effect of combined calcium-vitamin D and calcium-alone on pain intensity and menstrual blood loss in women with primary dysmenorrhea. Design A randomized double-blind trial. Setting Dormitories of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Subjects 85 students with moderate or severe primary dysmenorrhea. Methods Participants were randomized into three groups: receiving one tablet/day of 1000 mg calcium + 5000 IU vitamin D3, calcium-alone 1000 mg, or matched placebo, from 15th cycle day until menstrual pain disappearance in the following cycle, for three cycles. Pain intensity and menstrual blood loss were assessed one cycle before, three cycles under, and one cycle following intervention using 10-cm visual analog scale and pictorial blood loss assessment chart, respectively. The groups were compared using repeated measures ANOVA. Results Time after intervention and interaction of time with group had no significant effects on the outcomes. Compared to the placebo group, mean pain intensity was lower in the both calcium-vitamin D (adjusted difference -0.7, 95% confidence interval -1.6 to 0.3) and calcium-alone (-1.6, -2.6 to -0.6) groups, but the difference was statistically significant only in the calcium-alone group. Menstrual blood loss was not significantly different in the either calcium-vitamin D (-4.7, -21.9 to 12.4) or calcium-alone (-0.4, -17.4 to 16.4) groups compared to placebo. Conclusions Intake of the calcium-alone was effective in reducing menstrual pain intensity. The results could not indicate significant effects of calcium-vitamin D on the pain or any of the interventions on menstrual blood loss. Clinical trial registration This study was approved by the Ethics committee of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (code 92145) and registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials with IRCT201402043706N21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Zarei
- Students' Research Committee, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mirghafourvand
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Javadzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Effati-Daryani
- Students' Research Committee, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Xu Y, Zhao W, Li T, Bu H, Zhao Z, Zhao Y, Song S. Effects of acupoint-stimulation for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea compared with NSAIDs: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 19 RCTs. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:436. [PMID: 28859645 PMCID: PMC5580316 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1924-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Primary dysmenorrhoea (PD), defined as painful menses in women with normal pelvic anatomy, is one of the most common gynaecological syndromes. Acupoint-stimulation could potentially be an effective intervention for PD. Our aim was to determine the effectiveness of acupoint-stimulation compared with Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NASIDs) in the treatment of PD. Methods Six databases were searched to December 2014. Sixteen studies involving 1679 PD patients were included. We included randomized controlled trials that compared acupoint-stimulation with NASIDs for the treatment of PD. The main outcomes assessed were clinical effectiveness rate, symptom score, visual analogue score, variation in peripheral blood prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and side effects. All analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis statistical software. Results (1) The total efficacy was better than control group: odds ratio = 5.57; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 3.96, 7.83; P < 0.00001; (2) The effect of intervention was positive in relieving the severity of PD symptoms: mean difference (MD) = 2.99; 95%CI = 2.49, 3.49; P < 0.00001; (3) No statistical difference existed between two groups in terms of a reduction in the VAS: MD = 1.24; 95%CI = −3.37, 5.85; P = 0.60; (4) The effect of intervention on the variation in peripheral blood PGF2α between two groups was positive: MD = 7.55; 95%CI = 4.29,10.82; P < 0.00001; (5) The side effects of control groups was more than the acupoint-stimulation group: OR = 0.03; 95%CI =0.00,0.22; P = 0.0005. Conclusions According to this article, acupoint-stimulation can relieve pain effectively in the treatment of PD and offers advantages in increasing the overall effectiveness.
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Comparison of the effect of honey and mefenamic acid on the severity of pain in women with primary dysmenorrhea. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017. [PMID: 28623433 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Primary dysmenorrhea starts simultaneously with menstruation or before it and usually continues for 48-72 h. As a prevalence disorder, it affects about 80-97% of women in the reproductive age. The conventional treatment modalities of primary dysmenorrhea are associated with complications and side effects. In addition, there is a lack of knowledge of the effect of honey on the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of honey on the severity of pain in women with dysmenorrhea. METHODS A randomized crossover clinical trial was conducted on 56 female students. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. Groups I and II received honey and mefenamic acid in the 'first treatment period', respectively. In the 'second treatment period', the intervention methods were reversed between the groups. Samples recorded the severity of pain during the first 3 days of menstruation. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the most severe level of pain in the first and second months of the first treatment period, and the first and second months of the second treatment period between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Honey and the mefenamic acid capsules led to the same amount of pain relief in women with primary dysmenorrhea. Honey is suggested to be used for pain relief due to its lower side effects and pharmacological complications.
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Sut N, Kahyaoglu-Sut H. Effect of aromatherapy massage on pain in primary dysmenorrhea: A meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2017; 27:5-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sharma S, Deuja S, Saha CG. Menstrual pattern among adolescent girls of Pokhara Valley: a cross sectional study. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2016; 16:74. [PMID: 27938370 PMCID: PMC5148896 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-016-0354-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menstruation is a normal physiological process occurring every month throughout the reproductive age of the females. However, significant variation in menstrual pattern is observed among adolescents. The objective of this study was to determine menstrual pattern among adolescent girls of Pokhara Valley. METHOD A cross sectional study was conducted in seven schools of Pokhara Valley. A total of 260 adolescent girls were included in the study. Girls were requested to complete questionnaire containing 19 items. Selected girls voluntarily agreed to answer questionnaire under the supervision of the researcher and then the data was analyzed. RESULTS Mean age of the girls was 14.0 ± 1.3 years. Mean age at menarche was 12.2 ± 0.9 years. The mean cycle length of the subjects was 34.8 ± 11.8 days. It was observed that as many as 167(64.2%) girls had irregular menstrual cycle and significant association was found between regularity of menstruation and ethnicity. Seven (2.7%) girls had a menstrual cycle length shorter than 21 days, 60(23.1%) had cycle longer than 35 days and 193(74.2%) had a normal cycle length between 21 and 35 days. Majority 231(88.8%) had normal duration of menstruation. Dysmenorrhoea was reported by more than half of the girls and significant association was found between severity of dysmenorrhoea with school absenteeism and treatment needed. CONCLUSION Dysmenorrhoea was the most common menstrual problem among adolescent girls. Girls' school attendance was affected due to menstrual pain. Girls with severe dysmenorrhea needed medical treatment. Irregular menstruation was reported by more than half of the girls and significant association was found with the ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Sharma
- Department of Physiology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Deep Height, P.O. Box 155, Pokhara, Nepal.
| | - Sajana Deuja
- Department of Physiology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Deep Height, P.O. Box 155, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - C G Saha
- Department of Physiology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Deep Height, P.O. Box 155, Pokhara, Nepal
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The Efficacy of Thai Herbal Prasaplai Formula for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Short-Term Randomized Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:2096797. [PMID: 27829860 PMCID: PMC5088276 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2096797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to compare the efficacy of pain relief between a specific Thai herbal Prasaplai formula (PPF) and placebo in patients with primary dysmenorrhea. Forty women with primary dysmenorrhea symptoms were randomized into two groups. The experimental group received PPF capsules 1000 mg orally three times per day before meals for three days starting from the first day of menstruation. The placebo group received placebo as the same dose and time. Average pain intensity from the first day to the third day of cycle significantly decreased in both groups (p < 0.001), but with no statistically significant difference between groups. Using a pre- and posttreatment difference in NRS of at least 2, a greater proportion of patients in PPF group experienced pain relief compared to placebo during the first and second day of period. A greater proportion of PPF group also experienced no pain compared to the placebo group on day 1 and day 3 by using multidimensional scoring. The PPF demonstrates pain relief activity when used during menstruation in primary dysmenorrhea patients, with no adverse effects. However, further studies are needed in order to assess the value of PPF as a long-term prophylaxis for primary dysmenorrhea.
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Cha NH, Sok SR. Effects of Auricular Acupressure Therapy on Primary Dysmenorrhea for Female High School Students in South Korea. J Nurs Scholarsh 2016; 48:508-16. [PMID: 27541067 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effect of auricular acupressure therapy on primary dysmenorrhea among female high school students in South Korea. DESIGN A randomized controlled trial was employed. METHODS The study sample consisted of 91 female high school students, with 45 participants in the experimental group and 46 in the control group in two regions of South Korea. The average age of the participants was 16.7 years, and the average age of menarche was 12.2 years. Auricular acupressure therapy including an auricular acupressure needle on skin paper tape was applied on an ear for 3 days during periods of extreme primary dysmenorrhea. The acupoint names were Jagung, Sinmun, Gyogam, and Naebunbi. For the placebo control group, only the skin paper tape without an auricular acupressure needle was applied on the same acupoints. Measures used were the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire to assess primary dysmenorrhea, and the visual analog scale to assess abdominal and back pain of participants. FINDINGS There were significant differences on abdominal pain (t = 24.594, p < .001), back pain (t = 22.661, p < .001), and primary dysmenorrhea (t = 32.187, p < .001) between the two groups. Auricular acupressure therapy decreased abdominal pain, back pain, and primary dysmenorrhea of female high school students in South Korea. CONCLUSIONS Auricular acupressure therapy was an effective intervention for alleviating abdominal pain, back pain, and primary dysmenorrhea of female high school students in South Korea. For feasibility of the auricular acupressure therapy in practice, it is needed to train and learn the exact positions of acupoints in ear. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Health providers should consider providing auricular acupressure therapy as an alternative method for reducing abdominal and back pain, and primary dysmenorrhea in female high school students in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Hyun Cha
- Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Andong National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyune R Sok
- Professor, College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kabil Kucur S, Seven A, Yuksel KB, Sencan H, Gozukara I, Keskin N. Mean Platelet Volume, a Novel Biomarker in Adolescents with Severe Primary Dysmenorrhea. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2016; 29:390-2. [PMID: 26876966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2016.01.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether mean platelet volume (MPV) would be a profitable marker in predicting disease severity in adolescents with severe primary dysmenorrhea (PD). DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, INTERVENTIONS, AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A total of 67 patients diagnosed with PD and 37 healthy adolescents with regular menstrual cycles were included in the study. Hemoglobin, MPV, and white blood cell, platelet, lymphocyte, and neutrophil counts were measured as part of the automated complete blood examination. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio were obtained from the absolute neutrophil or platelet count, respectively, divided by the absolute lymphocyte count. The visual analog scale was used to assess the level of pain, as mild (<40 mm), moderate (40-60 mm) and severe (>60 mm) PD. RESULTS The MPV level of the combined severity of PD and control groups were similar. However, the MPV was significantly lower in the severe PD group compared with the control group (P = .04). There were no significant differences in the other hematological parameters between the groups. The mean visual analog scale score of the PD and control subjects were 7.35 ± 2.25 and 1.07 ± 1.96, respectively (P < .01). There was a poor negative correlation, which was statistically insignificant, between MPV and white blood cell count. CONCLUSION The present study showed that MPV is decreased in adolescents with severe PD. Further studies with larger numbers of subjects are necessary to clarify the roles of platelets in the pathogenesis of severe PD and evaluate the changes in MPV value in response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suna Kabil Kucur
- Dumlupinar University Medical Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Evliya Celebi Training and Research Hospital, Kutahya, Turkey.
| | - Ali Seven
- Dumlupinar University Medical Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Evliya Celebi Training and Research Hospital, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Kadriye Beril Yuksel
- Dumlupinar University Medical Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Evliya Celebi Training and Research Hospital, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Halime Sencan
- Dumlupinar University Medical Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Evliya Celebi Training and Research Hospital, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Ilay Gozukara
- Mustafa Kemal University Medical Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Nadi Keskin
- Dumlupinar University Medical Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Evliya Celebi Training and Research Hospital, Kutahya, Turkey
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Bavil DA, Dolatian M, Mahmoodi Z, Baghban AA. Comparison of lifestyles of young women with and without primary dysmenorrhea. Electron Physician 2016; 8:2107-14. [PMID: 27123219 PMCID: PMC4844476 DOI: 10.19082/2107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common gynecologic disorders that affects women’s quality of life and social activities. Lifestyle, eating behaviors, and general health are essential to the management of menstrual symptoms. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between lifestyle and primary dysmenorrhea in students at Sari University of Medical Sciences in 2015 in order to facilitate the performance of lifestyle-improving interventions among young women. Methods This study was conducted on 250 students with and without primary dysmenorrhea at Sari University of Medical Sciences in 2015. Data were collected using personal-social and lifestyle questionnaires (addressing nutrition, physical activity, stress, social relationships, improper health behaviors, and self-care). The data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 18, using the independent-samples t-test, the chi-squared test, and logistic regression analysis. Results Given the scores obtained on the lifestyle questionnaire, significant differences were observed between the groups with and without dysmenorrhea in terms of eating behavior (p=0.008), physical activity (p=0.011), stress (p=0.041), and social relationships (p=0.000). No differences were observed in terms of self-care (p=0.115) and smoking, drinking, and drug use (p=0.355). According to the logistic regression analysis, age (OR=1.208, p=0.014), physical activity (OR=1.008, p=0.040) and social relationship (OR=0.952, p=0.002) were different in the two groups, but there was no statistical differences in their eating behavior, self-care, and stress. Conclusion To prevent and reduce the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea, knowledge and awareness should be raised in young women through proper lifestyle education and health promotion measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Abadi Bavil
- Department of Midwifery, International Branch, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahrokh Dolatian
- Assistant Professor, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mahmoodi
- Assistant Professor of Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Assistant Professor of Nursing & Midwifery faculty, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban
- Ph.D in Biostatistics, Associate Professor, Proteomics Research Center, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kim MJ, Baek IH, Goo BO. The relationship between pelvic alignment and dysmenorrhea. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:757-60. [PMID: 27134354 PMCID: PMC4842435 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between pelvic alignment and dysmenorrhea in general women. [Subjects and Methods] One hundred two females participated in this study. They were divided into a dysmenorrhea group and a normal group based on the results of a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) assessment of pain and the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ). The survey data was collecting from 5th July to 20th September, 2014. Formetric 4D was used to measure the pelvic alignment, including the values of Trunk Imbalance, Pelvic Tilt, Surface Rotation, Lateral Deviation, Kyphosis Angle, Lordosis Angle. [Results] There was a difference in the spine alignments of each group. The value of pelvic torsion was 2.4 ± 1.8 degree in those with dysmenorrhea, while it was 1.7 ± 1.1 degree in those without. [Conclusion] In conclusion, the results suggest that there is a relationship between menstrual pain and pelvic torsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-jeong Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences,
Catholic University of Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-hun Baek
- Department of Physical Therapy, Dong-Eui Institute of
Technology, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-oh Goo
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences,
Catholic University of Pusan, Republic of Korea
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Stressful Parental-Bonding Exaggerates the Functional and Emotional Disturbances of Primary Dysmenorrhea. Int J Behav Med 2015; 23:458-63. [PMID: 26309099 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-015-9504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jaafarpour M, Hatefi M, Najafi F, Khajavikhan J, Khani A. The effect of cinnamon on menstrual bleeding and systemic symptoms with primary dysmenorrhea. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 17:e27032. [PMID: 26023350 PMCID: PMC4443385 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.17(4)2015.27032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Primary dysmenorrhea with interferes in daily activities can have adverse effects on quality of life of women. Objectives: Regarding the use of herbal medicine, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of cinnamon on primary dysmenorrhea in a sample of Iranian female college students from Ilam University of Medical Sciences (west of Iran) during 2013-2014. Patients and Methods: In a randomized double-blind trial, 76 female student received placebo (n = 38, capsules containing starch, three times a day (TDS)) or cinnamon (n = 38, capsules containing 420 mg cinnamon, TDS) in 24 hours. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to determine the severity of pain and nausea. Vomiting and menstrual bleeding were assessed by counting the number of saturated pads. The parameters were recorded in the group during the first 72 hours of the cycle. Results: The mean amount of menstrual bleeding in the cinnamon group was significantly lower than the placebo group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). The mean pain severity score in the cinnamon group was less than the placebo group at various intervals (4.1 ± 0.5 vs. 6.1 ± 0.4 at 24 hours, 3.2 ± 0.6 vs. 6.1 ± 0.4 at 48 hours, and 1.8 ± 0.4 vs. 4.0 ± 0.3 at 72 hours, respectively) (P < 0.001). The mean severity of nausea and the frequencies of vomiting significantly decreased in the cinnamon group compared with the placebo group at various intervals (P < 0.001, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Regarding the significant effect of cinnamon on reduction of pain, menstrual bleeding, nausea and vomiting with primary dysmenorrhea without side effects, it can be regarded as a safe and effective treatment for dysmenorrhea in young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molouk Jaafarpour
- Department of Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IR Iran
| | - Masoud Hatefi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medicine Faculty, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IR Iran
| | - Fatemeh Najafi
- Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IR Iran
| | - Javaher Khajavikhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medicine Faculty, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IR Iran
| | - Ali Khani
- Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Ali Khani, Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IR Iran. Tel: +98-8432227116, Fax: +98-8432227116, E-mail:
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Kannan P, Claydon LS. Physiological rationales of physical therapy interventions in the management of primary dysmenorrhea: a critical review. PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1179/1743288x15y.0000000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Chen C, Kwekkeboom K, Ward S. Self‐report pain and symptom measures for primary dysmenorrhoea: A critical review. Eur J Pain 2015; 19:377-91. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C.X. Chen
- School of Nursing University of Wisconsin‐Madison USA
| | | | - S.E. Ward
- School of Nursing University of Wisconsin‐Madison USA
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Kashefi F, Khajehei M, Tabatabaeichehr M, Alavinia M, Asili J. Comparison of the effect of ginger and zinc sulfate on primary dysmenorrhea: a placebo-controlled randomized trial. Pain Manag Nurs 2014; 15:826-33. [PMID: 24559600 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Primary dysmenorrhea is common among young women and results in their incapacitation; it can be accompanied by various symptoms that can disrupt their lives. The aim of this randomized trial was to compare the effect of ginger, zinc sulfate, and placebo on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea in young women. One hundred and fifty high school students were recruited. The participants were divided into three groups. The first group received ginger capsules, the second group received zinc sulfate capsules, and the third group received placebo capsules. All participants took the medications for four days, from the day before the commencement of menstruation to the third day of their menstrual bleeding. The severity of dysmenorrhea was assessed every 24 hours by the pain visual analog scale. The severity of pain was significantly different between, before, and after the intervention in both the ginger and the zinc sulfate groups (p < .001). Compared with the placebo receiving group, participants receiving ginger and zinc sulfate reported more alleviation of pain during the intervention (p < .05). Ginger and zinc sulfate had similar positive effects on the improvement of primary dysmenorrheal pain in young women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mahbubeh Tabatabaeichehr
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Nursing and Midwifery, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alavinia
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Office of Ministry of Health and Medical Education, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Javad Asili
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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A review of in vitro and in vivo studies on the efficacy of herbal medicines for primary dysmenorrhea. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:296860. [PMID: 25431607 PMCID: PMC4238180 DOI: 10.1155/2014/296860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Purpose. Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a common gynecological complaint among adolescent girls and women of reproductive age. This study aims to review the findings of published articles on the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of herbal medicines for PD. Methods. In vitro and in vivo studies of herbal compounds, individual herbal extracts, or herbal formula decoctions published from their inception to April 2014 were included in this review. Results. A total of 18 studies involving herbal medicines exhibited their inhibitory effect on PD. The majority of in vitro studies investigated the inhibition of uterine contractions. In vivo studies suggest that herbal medicines exert a peripheral analgesic effect and a possible anti-inflammatory activity via the inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. The mechanisms of herbal medicines for PD are associated with PG level reduction, suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 expression, superoxide dismutase activation and malondialdehyde reduction, nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nuclear factor-kappa B reduction, stimulation of somatostatin receptor, intracellular Ca(2+) reduction, and recovery of phospholipid metabolism. Conclusions. Herbal medicines are thought to be promising sources for the development of effective therapeutic agents for PD. Further investigations on the appropriate herbal formula and their constituents are recommended.
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Abstract
This study examined the relationship between dysmenorrhea and insomnia, as well as variability in sleep across the menstrual cycle. Participants were 89 women, ages 18 to 24 (M = 18.63, SD = 0.93), who completed daily surveys for five weeks. On the second day of menses, they completed a questionnaire regarding dysmenorrhea. Participants having insomnia rated their dysmenorrhea as being more severe and causing more interference with daily activities than did participants without insomnia. Insomnia severity was directly associated with dysmenorrhea severity and interference. Sleep onset latency was longer and sleep efficiency was lower in participants with severe dysmenorrhea than in those with mild dysmenorrhea. Further, participants with mild dysmenorrhea reported significantly better sleep quality than did those having moderate or severe dysmenorrhea. Additionally, wake time after sleep onset was shortest and number of awakenings was lowest around the time of ovulation. Future research should examine whether treating dysmenorrhea or insomnia alone results in improvements in the other condition.
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Kannan P, Claydon LS, Miller D, Chapple CM. Vigorous exercises in the management of primary dysmenorrhea: a feasibility study. Disabil Rehabil 2014; 37:1334-9. [PMID: 25243766 DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2014.962108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the feasibility of using an exercise intervention for reducing menstrual pain associated with primary dysmenorrhea (PD) and to obtain preliminary results to estimate the sample size for a future randomized controlled trial (RCT). METHODS A quasi-experimental design was applied. Ten women 18-45 years with PD were included. The participants underwent vigorous aerobic training at the School of Physiotherapy on a treadmill three times a week for up to 4 weeks followed by aerobic training at home for up to 4 weeks. The feasibility measures were adherence to the intervention programme and intervention prescription, retention and safety. The short form McGill pain questionnaire was used to measure pain at first (T1), second (T2) and third (T3) menstrual cycles following trial entry. RESULTS Overall adherence was 98%, with 100% adherence to clinic-based intervention and intervention prescription and 96% for home exercise programme. Retention rate was 100%. With respect to pain a large effect size was identified at T2 and T3. No adverse events reported. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrated that the intervention is applicable and feasible. In addition, the preliminary results show evidence of positive changes after the intervention. The intervention programme's effectiveness will be studied further, in a future RCT. Implications for Rehabilitation There is a lack of available evidence from randomized controlled trials regarding the use of exercise in alleviating the symptoms associated with primary dysmenorrhea (PD). The preliminary results of this study shows that exercises may be effective in reducing the pain associated with PD indicated by a large effect size. The preliminary findings from this study could also contribute significantly to PD management and introduce new practice opportunities for physiotherapists working in women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Kannan
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
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Hosseinlou A, Alinejad V, Alinejad M, Aghakhani N. The effects of fish oil capsules and vitamin B1 tablets on duration and severity of dysmenorrhea in students of high school in Urmia-Iran. Glob J Health Sci 2014; 6:124-9. [PMID: 25363189 PMCID: PMC4796395 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v6n7p124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The purpose of this study is the comparison of the effect of vitamin B1 and fish oil with together on severity and duration of dysmenorrhea, and if it is effective, we can administrate both of them with less complication to compare with other chemical drugs which has many disadvantages. Study Design: High school of Urmia city, between March 2008 and June 2008. Methodology: This study has a double-blind clinical trial design.240 high school female students with dysmenorrhea by a randomized Method were followed up in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study by dividing into four groups with 60 members. The daily supplement was vit B1 (100 mg/day and fish oil pearl 500 mg/day), taken as a single dose starting at the beginning of the menstrual cycle and continued for 2 consecutive months. Results: Intensity of pain in three experimental groups (Vit B1, fish oil and both of them) had significant difference comparing placebo group and intensity of pain had reduced. (p<0.001), (p=0.018), (p<0.001) VS in placebo group (p=0.79). Duration of pain had significantly reduced in all three experimental groups compared with placebo group. (p=0.004), (p=0.008), (p<0.001) VS in placebo group (p=0.32). In all of drugs, results (mean) was better at the end of the second month than the first month. Conclusion: Fish oil and vit B1 effects on treatment of primary dysmenorrhea were similar, but vit B1 has less complications and it was more acceptable. We mixed them and compared its results with vit B1, fish oil and placebo separately. Pain duration is the least in Vitamin B1 tablets compare with the others, but its duration was minimum in complex of Vitamin B1 tablets and fish oil capsules. Due to good effects of vitamin B1 and fish oil on symptoms of dysmenorrhea, using of them is suggested.
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Jeon GE, Cha NH, Sok SR. Factors Influencing the Dysmenorrhea among Korean Adolescents in Middle School. J Phys Ther Sci 2014; 26:1337-43. [PMID: 25276012 PMCID: PMC4175233 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.26.1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study aimed to examine the factors influencing dysmenorrhea among Korean
middle school adolescents. [Subjects] The subjects included 572 female students in three
different middle schools located in Seoul, South Korea. [Methods] A cross-sectional design
was adopted. The measurement tools used included a demographic form and revised Menstrual
distress Questionnaire (MDQ). [Results] The analyses showed that the prediction model was
significant. The value of the adjusted R2 was 0.282, which corresponds to an
explanatory power of 28.2%. The factor found to have the most influence on dysmenorrhea
among Korean middle school adolescents was stress, followed by health status, onset of
dysmenorrhea, consecutive days of menstruation, and dietary habits. [Conclusion] Nursing
intervention programs for alleviating dysmenorrhea in Korean middle school adolescents are
essential in order to reduce their level of stress, improve their perceived health status,
and help them to maintain regular dietary habits. Reflecting on the recent trend of female
students menstruating at a younger age, public health education courses and counseling
programs should offer customized methods for alleviating dysmenorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Eul Jeon
- Department of Nursing Science, International University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hyun Cha
- Department of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyune R Sok
- College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea
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Faramarzi M, Salmalian H. Association of psychologic and nonpsychologic factors with primary dysmenorrhea. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2014; 16:e16307. [PMID: 25389482 PMCID: PMC4222008 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.16307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Primary dysmenorrhea seems to be one the most common gynecologic condition in women of childbearing age. Objectives: The aim of this research was to evaluate psychologic and nonpsychologic risk factors of primary dysmenorrhea. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on medical sciences students of Babol University of Medical Sciences. In this study, 180 females with dysmenorrhea and 180 females without dysmenorrhea were enrolled. Psychological risk factors were evaluated in four domains including affect, social support, personality, and alexithymia. Four questionnaires were used to assessed aforementioned domains, namely, Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ), depression, anxiety, stress (DAS-21), 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and NEO-Five Factor Inventory of Personality (NEO-FFI). In addition, nonpsychologic factors were evaluated in three domains including demographic characteristics, habits, and gynecologic factors. Data were analyzed using the χ2 test and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The strongest predictor of primary dysmenorrhea was low social support (OR = 4.25; 95% CI, 2.43-7.41). Risk of dysmenorrhea was approximately 3.3 times higher in women with alexithymia (OR = 3.26; 95% CI, 1.88-5.62), 3.1 times higher in women with menstrual bleeding duration ≥ 7 days (OR = 3.06; 95% CI, 1.73-5.41), 2.5 times higher in women with a neurotic character (OR = 2.53; 95% CI, 1.42-4.50), 2.4 times higher in women with a family history of dysmenorrhea (OR = 2.43; 95% CI, 1.42-4.50), and twice higher in women with high caffeine intake (OR = 1.97; 95% CI, 1.09-3.59). Conclusions: Low social support, alexithymia, neuroticism trait, long menstrual bleeding, family history of dysmenorrhea, and high-caffeine diet are important risk factors for women with primary dysmenorrhea. This study recommended considering psychologic factors as an adjuvant to medical risks in evaluation and treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbobeh Faramarzi
- Fatemeh Zahra Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Midwifery, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran
| | - Hajar Salmalian
- Fatemeh Zahra Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Midwifery, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Hajar Salmalian, Fatemeh Zahra Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Midwifery, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9111122259, E-mail:
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Potur DC, Kömürcü N. The effects of local low-dose heat application on dysmenorrhea. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2014; 27:216-21. [PMID: 24656704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This is a controlled, prospective study which compares the effects of a low-dose heat patch for self-medication on the reduction of pain symptoms in dysmenorrhea. METHODS The sample group included female sophomore students studying at a university in Istanbul, Turkey, between 2007 and 2008. These female participants completed the Dysmenorrhea Identification Form to determine the sample group, and a total of 193 female students possessed the eligible criteria. The research control group consisted of 66 patients, the analgesia group consisted of 61, and the heat patch group consisted of 66. The control group did not use any treatments, while the self-medication group used analgesic medication (single dose), and the heat patch group applied a heat patch on the lower abdomen, against the skin, for an application period of 2 menstrual cycles. Using a visual analog scale (VAS), the pain severity was recorded at the baseline, after 4 hours of intervention, and after 8 hours of intervention. The data were examined using ANOVA. RESULTS There were significant differences between the groups in terms of pain severity after 8 hours of application (P < .001). All groups had similar pain levels at baseline and during the fourth and eighth hours, with no significant differences between the groups during the first and the second menstrual cycles (P > .05). CONCLUSION The authors conclude that the heat patch is an effective method for reducing dysmenorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Coşkuner Potur
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nuran Kömürcü
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Nguyen AM, Humphrey L, Kitchen H, Rehman T, Norquist JM. A qualitative study to develop a patient-reported outcome for dysmenorrhea. Qual Life Res 2014; 24:181-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s11136-014-0755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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