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Zhang Z, Wang L, Sun X, Zhang L, Lu L. Association of IL4 and IL4R polymorphisms with multiple sclerosis susceptibility in Caucasian population: A meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci 2016; 363:107-13. [PMID: 27000232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested a role for interleukin-4 (IL4) and its receptor (IL4R) gene in susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS), but the results remain controversial and under-powered. OBJECTIVES To investigate the contradictory results, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the possible association between polymorphisms of the IL4 rs2243250 (C/T), variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in intron-3 (I3(709)VNTR), IL4R rs1801275 (T/C) and MS in Caucasian populations. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted to identify all case-control or cohort design studies. The fixed or random effect pooled measure was selected based on the homogeneity test among studies that was evaluated with I(2). Publication bias was estimated using the Begg's and Egger's test. RESULTS A total of ten studies were included in the meta-analysis. The crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to evaluate the association. Overall, after excluding articles deviating from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in controls and sensitive analysis, the meta-analysis showed a significant association between polymorphism of IL4 rs2243250 and MS susceptibility in allele model (OR=1.209, 95% CI=1.022-1.429, P=0.026) and dominant model (OR =1.225, 95% CI=1.013-1.480, P=0.036). However, no significant association was found between polymorphisms of IL4 I3(709)*VNTR, IL4R rs1801275 and MS susceptibility, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The meta-analysis indicates that the T allele, CT and TT genotype of polymorphism of IL4 rs2243250 (C/T) may reduce the risk of MS in Caucasian populations, while polymorphisms of IL4 I3(709)*VNTR and IL4R rs1801275 may not associated with risk of MS in Caucasian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqiang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taian, China
| | - Lianyuan Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, China
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Rahmanian M, Kargar M. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha polymorphism and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis in the Iranian population. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 17:e18247. [PMID: 25763268 PMCID: PMC4341370 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.18247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of polygenic etiology. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) microsatellite as a proinflammatory cytokine is believed to play an important role in the etiology of this disease. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the association of TNF-α microsatellite sequence variation in patients with MS and its risk factor in the southern Iranian population. PATIENTS AND METHODS This polymorphism was investigated in an Iranian population of 163 native southern people [81 patients with MS according to the poser criteria and 82 healthy controls (HC) with the same age, sex, social, ethnical and geographical features (Hormozgan and Fars provinces)]. All the controls were nonimmunological, neurological patients. All the cases and controls were chosen randomly and genotyped for polymorphism of TNF-α microsatellite. RESULTS The frequencies of TNF-α*11 (0.25, P < 0.005) and TNF-α*10 (P < 0.005) alleles increased in patients with MS compared with controls, showing a significant difference among the studied population. CONCLUSIONS The current study adds evidence to the association of TNF-α gene polymorphism and MS in this southern south Iranian population which is consistent with the genetic analysis of MS in Europeans (GAMES) project reports and these two alleles reported in this study may be one of the genetic risk factor for MS. Furthermore, this data can be used to build the Iranian gene bank for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Rahmanian
- Young Researchers’ Club, Department of Microbiology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Kargar
- Department of Microbiology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Mohammad Kargar, Department of Microbiology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9173149203, Fax: +98-7116262102, E-mail:
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients are classified as either having relapsing onset or progressive onset disease, also known as primary progressive MS (PPMS). Relative to relapsing onset patients, PPMS patients are older at disease onset, are equally likely to be men or women, and have more rapid accumulation of disability that does not respond well to treatments used in relapsing onset MS. Although estimates vary, 5-15% of all MS patients have a PPMS disease course. Genetic variance is a proposed determinant of MS disease course. If distinct genes associated with PPMS were identified study of these genes might lead to an understanding of the biology underlying disease progression and neural degeneration that are the hallmarks of PPMS. These genes and their biological pathways might also represent therapeutic targets. This chapter systematically reviews the PPMS genetic literature. Despite the intuitively appealing notion that differences between PPMS and relapsing onset MS are due to genetics, definite differences associated with these phenotypes at the major histocompatibility complex or elsewhere in the genome have not been found. Recent large-scale genome wide screens identified multiple genes associated with MS susceptibility outside the MHC. The genetic variants identified thus far make only weak individual contributions to MS susceptibility. If the genetic effects that contribute to the differences between PPMS and relapsing MS are similar in magnitude to those that distinguish MS from healthy controls then, given the relative scarcity of the PPMS phenotype, very large datasets will be needed to identify PPMS associated genes. International collaborative efforts could provide the means to identify such genes. Alternately, it is possible that factors other than genetics underlie the differences between these clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A C Cree
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
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Borzani I, Tola MR, Caniatti L, Collins A, De Santis G, Luiselli D, Mamolini E, Scapoli C. The interleukin-1 cluster gene region is associated with multiple sclerosis in an Italian Caucasian population. Eur J Neurol 2010; 17:930-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.02952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gray OM, Abdeen H, McDonnell GV, Patterson CC, Graham CA, Hawkins SA. An investigation of susceptibility loci in benign, aggressive and primary progressive multiple sclerosis in Northern Irish population. Mult Scler 2009; 15:299-303. [PMID: 19244395 DOI: 10.1177/1352458508099611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the possibility that susceptibility loci in multiple sclerosis (MS) have a role in determining the disease outcome in Northern Ireland population. BACKGROUND The Genetic Analysis of Multiple Sclerosis in Europeans (GAMES) initiative and follow-up refined analysis identified 15 candidate susceptibility loci within the Northern Irish population for MS. We aimed to investigate the 12 most significant markers for their role in disease outcome. METHODS Cases with probable or definite MS (Poser criteria) were classified as benign onset (Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS]<or=3.0 at 10 years), aggressive (Kurtzke EDSS>or=6.0 by 10 years), or primary progressive MS. All cases were Caucasian of Northern Irish origin. DNA was extracted from venous blood, microsatellite markers were amplified using polymerase chain reaction and typed using fluorescent fragment analysis. Allele frequencies were compared statistically using a chi-squared test with allowance for multiple comparisons (critical P<0.0042); significant markers were further analyzed by CLUMP (critical P<0.0014). RESULTS Two microsatellite markers were significant: D3S1278 (Chr 3q13, P<0.001) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (Chr 6p21, P<0.001). A further three markers were significant in our preliminary analysis suggesting a trend toward impact on disease outcome; D4S432 (Chr 4p16, P=0.001), D2S347 (Chr 2q14, P=0.003), and D19S903 (Chr 19p13, P=0.003). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to suggest a role for TNF-alpha in the disease outcome in MS. Larger replication studies need to be performed to assess the role of markers D4S432, D2S347, and D19S903.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Gray
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital, and Epidemiology Research Group, Queen's University, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, N. Ireland. BT12 6BA.
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) clusters with the so-called complex genetic diseases, a group of common disorders characterized by modest disease risk heritability and multifaceted gene-environment interactions. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is the only genomic region consistently associated with MS, and susceptible MHC haplotypes have been identified. Although the MHC does not account for all genetic contribution to MS, the other genetic contributors have been elusive. Microarray gene-expression studies, which also have not identified a major MS locus, have, however, been promising in elucidating some of the possible pathways involved in the disease. Yet, microarray studies thus far have been unable to separate the genetic causes of MS from the expression consequences of MS. The use of new methodologies and technologies to refine the phenotype, such as brain spectroscopy, PET and functional magnetic resonance imaging combined with novel computational tools and a better understanding of the human genome architecture, may help resolve the genetic causes of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P McElroy
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Herrera BM, Cader MZ, Dyment DA, Bell JT, Deluca GC, Willer CJ, Lincoln MR, Ramagopalan SV, Chao M, Orton SM, Sadovnick AD, Ebers GC. Multiple sclerosis susceptibility and the X chromosome. Mult Scler 2007; 13:856-64. [PMID: 17881398 DOI: 10.1177/1352458507076961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune complex trait with strong evidence for a genetic component. A female gender bias is clear but unexplained and a maternal parent-of-origin effect has been described. X-linked transmission of susceptibility has been previously proposed, based on pedigree, association and linkage studies. We genotyped 726 relative pairs including 552 affected sib-pairs for 22 X-chromosome microsatellite markers and a novel dataset of 195 aunt-uncle/niece-nephew (AUNN) affected pairs for 18 markers. Parent-of-origin effects were explored by dividing AUNN families into likely maternal and paternal trait transmission. For the sib-pair dataset we were able to establish exclusion at a lambda s = 1.9 for all markers using an exclusion threshold of LOD < or = -2. Similarly for the AUNN dataset, we established exclusion at lambdaAV = 1.9. For the combined dataset we estimate exclusion of lambda = 1.6. We did not identify significant linkage in either the sib-pairs or the AUNN dataset nor when datasets were stratified for the presence/absence of the HLA-DRB1*15 allele or for paternal or maternal transmission. This comprehensive scrutiny of the X-chromosome suggests that it is unlikely to harbour an independent susceptibility locus or one which interacts with the HLA. Complex interactions including epigenetic ones, and masking by balanced polymorphisms are mechanisms not excluded by the approach taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Herrera
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Quirico-Santos T, Suppiah V, Heggarty S, Caetano R, Alves-Leon S, Vandenbroeck K. Study of polymorphisms in the interleukin-4 and IL-4 receptor genes in a population of Brazilian patients with multiple sclerosis. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2007; 65:15-9. [PMID: 17420820 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2007000100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2006] [Accepted: 10/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate in a population of Brazilian patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the promoter region of IL4 (*33C-T) and receptor IL4R (*Q551R A-G) genes proposed to interfere with disease progression. No significant differences were observed in either of the SNPs investigated between healthy controls (n=135) and MS patients (n=129). However, the IL4+33 TT genotype was significantly (p=0.039) higher in African descendants MS (AF-MS= 9.09%) than in Caucasian MS (CA-MS= 1.35%). It was also observed a significant (p=0.016) increase for the IL4R* Q551R CC genotype in AF-MS compared to those of Caucasian ethnicity (AF-MS= 21.62%; CA-MS= 4.35%). These results suggest that IL4+33 and IL4R*Q551 polymorphisms may have a disease-promoting role of TH2 mediators in African MS descendants. Additionally neither IL4 nor IL4R genes are susceptibility factors for Brazilian MS but may be able to modify ethnicity-dependent disease risk and penetrance of susceptibility factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thereza Quirico-Santos
- Applied Genomics Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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Ban M, Booth D, Heard R, Stewart G, Goris A, Vandenbroeck K, Dubois B, Laaksonen M, Ilonen J, Alizadeh M, Edan G, Babron MC, Brassat D, Clanet M, Cournu-Rebeix I, Fontaine B, Semana G, Goedde R, Epplen J, Weber A, Infante-Duarte C, Zipp F, Rajda C, Bencsik K, Vécsei L, Heggarty S, Graham C, Hawkins S, Liguori M, Momigliano-Richiardi P, Caputo D, Grimaldi LME, Leone M, Massacesi L, Milanese C, Salvetti M, Savettieri G, Trojano M, Bielecki B, Mycko MP, Selmaj K, Santos M, Maciel P, Pereira C, Silva A, Silva BM, Coraddu F, Marrosu MG, Akesson E, Hillert J, Datta P, Oturai A, Harbo HF, Spurkland A, Goertsches R, Villoslada P, Eraksoy M, Hensiek A, Compston A, Setakis E, Gray J, Yeo TW, Sawcer S. Linkage disequilibrium screening for multiple sclerosis implicates JAG1 and POU2AF1 as susceptibility genes in Europeans. J Neuroimmunol 2006; 179:108-16. [PMID: 16934875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2006] [Revised: 06/02/2006] [Accepted: 06/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
By combining all the data available from the Genetic Analysis of Multiple sclerosis in EuropeanS (GAMES) project, we have been able to identify 17 microsatellite markers showing consistent evidence for apparent association. As might be expected five of these markers map within the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and are in LD with HLA-DRB1. Individual genotyping of the 12 non-MHC markers confirmed association for three of them--D11S1986, D19S552 and D20S894. Association mapping across the candidate genes implicated by these markers in 937 UK trio families revealed modestly associated haplotypes in JAG1 (p=0.019) on chromosome 20p12.2 and POU2AF1 (p=0.003) on chromosome 11q23.1.
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Abdeen H, Heggarty S, Hawkins SA, Hutchinson M, McDonnell GV, Graham CA. Mapping candidate non-MHC susceptibility regions to multiple sclerosis. Genes Immun 2006; 7:494-502. [PMID: 16837933 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic basis of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains a major challenge, despite decades of intensive research. In order to identify candidate non-MHC susceptibility regions to MS, the results of whole genome screens for linkage or association and follow-up studies in 18 different populations were superimposed together in a combined genomic map. Analysis of this map led to the prediction of at least 38 potential susceptibility regions, each showing linkage and/or association in several populations. Among these, 17 regions were the most reproducibly reported in these studies, thus representing top predicted candidates for MS. This non-formal approach to meta-analysis demonstrated the ability to verify results and retrieve lost information in an association study. Assessment of the map in a Northern Irish refined screen (n=415 cases, n=490 controls) revealed association in 15 regions (P<0.05), including 10 promising candidates on chromosomes 1p13, 2p13, 2q14, 3p23, 7q21, 13q14, 15q13, 17p13, 18q21 and 20p12 (P<0.0025). Seven of these regions were previously overlooked in the Northern Irish whole genome association study. Collating results from numerous studies, this draft map represents a tool that should facilitate the analysis of the genetic backgrounds of MS in many populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Abdeen
- Regional Genetics Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
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Suppiah V, Goris A, Alloza I, Heggarty S, Dubois B, Carton H, Antigüedad A, Mendibe M, McDonnell G, Droogan A, Hawkins S, Graham C, Vandenbroeck K. Polymorphisms in the interleukin-4 and IL-4 receptor genes and multiple sclerosis: a study in Spanish-Basque, Northern Irish and Belgian populations. Int J Immunogenet 2006; 32:383-8. [PMID: 16313303 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2005.00542.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine gene polymorphisms are known to influence susceptibility and disease course of many autoimmune diseases. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system white matter characterized by inflammation, demyelination and axonal damage. We analysed both the well-known intronic variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) and +33 C/T single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the IL-4 gene, as well as the functional Q551R SNP in the IL4-R gene in a cohort of three distinct populations comprising sporadic cases and controls from the northern Spanish Basque Country and Northern Ireland, as well as family trios from Belgium. The IL-4 +33 TT genotype was decreased in primary progressive (PP) versus relapsing-remitting (RR) patients in the Northern Irish population (OR = 0.14; 95% CI = 0.018-1.09). Two-marker haplotype distribution of the VNTR and +33 C/T SNP in PP patients differed from that seen in RR patients in Northern Ireland (P = 0.03). The R allele of the Q551R SNP was significantly under-transmitted in the Belgian trio families (P = 0.003), although this effect was not seen in the Northern Irish and Basque data sets. We did not identify IL-4-IL4-R gene-gene interaction in determining susceptibility or clinical parameters of MS. Disease or genetic heterogeneity or both may be responsible for the observed lack of reproduction in different populations. Our data reinforce recent findings for a role of IL4-R in susceptibility to MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Suppiah
- Applied Genomics Group, McClay Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Fernald GH, Yeh RF, Hauser SL, Oksenberg JR, Baranzini SE. Mapping gene activity in complex disorders: Integration of expression and genomic scans for multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2005; 167:157-69. [PMID: 16129498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2005] [Accepted: 06/17/2005] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Genetic predisposition contributes to the pathogenesis of most common diseases. Genetic studies have been extremely successful in the identification of genes responsible for a number of Mendelian disorders. However, with a few exceptions, genes predisposing to diseases with complex inheritance remain unknown despite multiple efforts. In this article we collected detailed information for all genome-wide genetic screens performed to date in multiple sclerosis (MS) and in its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and integrated these results with those from all high throughput gene expression studies in humans and mice. We analyzed a total of 55 studies. We found that differentially expressed genes (DEG) are not uniformly distributed in the genome, but rather appear in clusters. Furthermore, these clusters significantly differ from the known heterogeneous organization characteristic of eukaryotic gene distributions. We also identified regions of susceptibility that overlapped with clusters of DEG leading to the prioritization of candidate genes. Integration of genomic and transcriptional information is a powerful tool to dissect genetic susceptibility in complex multifactorial disorders like MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Haskin Fernald
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S-256, San Francisco, CA 94143-0435, USA
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Miretti MM, Walsh EC, Ke X, Delgado M, Griffiths M, Hunt S, Morrison J, Whittaker P, Lander ES, Cardon LR, Bentley DR, Rioux JD, Beck S, Deloukas P. A high-resolution linkage-disequilibrium map of the human major histocompatibility complex and first generation of tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Am J Hum Genet 2005; 76:634-46. [PMID: 15747258 PMCID: PMC1199300 DOI: 10.1086/429393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2004] [Accepted: 02/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune, inflammatory, and infectious diseases present a major burden to human health and are frequently associated with loci in the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Here, we report a high-resolution (1.9 kb) linkage-disequilibrium (LD) map of a 4.46-Mb fragment containing the MHC in U.S. pedigrees with northern and western European ancestry collected by the Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) and the first generation of haplotype tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) that provide up to a fivefold increase in genotyping efficiency for all future MHC-linked disease-association studies. The data confirm previously identified recombination hotspots in the class II region and allow the prediction of numerous novel hotspots in the class I and class III regions. The region of longest LD maps outside the classic MHC to the extended class I region spanning the MHC-linked olfactory-receptor gene cluster. The extended haplotype homozygosity analysis for recent positive selection shows that all 14 outlying haplotype variants map to a single extended haplotype, which most commonly bears HLA-DRB1*1501. The SNP data, haplotype blocks, and tagSNPs analysis reported here have been entered into a multidimensional Web-based database (GLOVAR), where they can be accessed and viewed in the context of relevant genome annotation. This LD map allowed us to give coordinates for the extremely variable LD structure underlying the MHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos M. Miretti
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emily C. Walsh
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xiayi Ke
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marcos Delgado
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Griffiths
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Hunt
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Morrison
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela Whittaker
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eric S. Lander
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lon R. Cardon
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David R. Bentley
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John D. Rioux
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Beck
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Panos Deloukas
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Johansson CM, Zunec R, García MA, Scherbarth HR, Tate GA, Paira S, Navarro SM, Perandones CE, Gamron S, Alvarellos A, Graf CE, Manni J, Berbotto GA, Palatnik SA, Catoggio LJ, Battagliotti CG, Sebastiani GD, Migliaresi S, Galeazzi M, Pons-Estel BA, Alarcón-Riquelme ME. Chromosome 17p12-q11 harbors susceptibility loci for systemic lupus erythematosus. Hum Genet 2004; 115:230-8. [PMID: 15232734 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-004-1145-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2003] [Accepted: 04/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against intracellular components, the formation of immune complexes, and inflammation in various organs, typically the skin and kidney glomeruli. The etiology of the disease is not well understood but is most likely the result of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. In order to identify susceptibility loci for SLE, we have performed genome scans with microsatellite markers covering the whole genome in families from Argentina, Italy, and Europe. The results reveal a heterogeneous disease with different susceptibility loci in different family sets. We have found significant linkage to chromosome 17p12-q11 in the Argentine set of families. The maximum LOD score was given by marker D17S1294 in combination with D17S1293, when assuming a dominant inheritance model (Z = 3.88). We also analyzed a repeat in the promoter region of the NOS2A gene, a strong candidate gene in the region, but no association was found. The locus on chromosome 17 has previously been identified in genetic studies of multiple sclerosis families. Several other interesting regions were found at 1p35, 1q31, 3q26, 5p15, 11q23 and 19q13, confirming previously identified loci for SLE or other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia M Johansson
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Unit for Medical Genetics, Rudbeck Laboratory, University of Uppsala, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 20, Uppsala, Sweden
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