1
|
Chen H, Peng Y, Wang L, Wang X. Sevoflurane attenuates cognitive dysfunction and NLRP3-dependent caspase-1/11-GSDMD pathway-mediated pyroptosis in the hippocampus via upregulation of SIRT1 in a sepsis model. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1413-1420. [PMID: 32538180 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1773860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Septic encephalopathy (SE) is a devastating consequence of sepsis, a hyper-triggered host response against infectious challenge, which ultimately leads to brain damage. The present study examined whether sevoflurane (SVF), a volatile anaesthetic, can counteract the perturbation of homeostasis in a caecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced mouse model of SE. SVF enhances neurocognition in terms of spatial memory improvement via counter-regulation of activated oxidative-inflammatory stress and pyroptotic processes in SE. Further, the beneficial effects of SVF against SE are mediated by activation of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1)-mediated reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, regulation of thioredoxin (TXN) and thioredoxin interacting protein (TIP) levels, reduction of inflammatory-pyroptotic signalling (NLRP3, caspase 1/11, GSDMD, TLR4 and TRIF) proteins, as well as a reduction of inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β and IL-18) levels. These findings suggest that SVF may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of SE and associated cognitive malfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yi Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shijiazhuang First Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
da Costa LHA, Santos-Junior NN, Catalão CHR, Rocha MJA. Microglial Activation Modulates Neuroendocrine Secretion During Experimental Sepsis. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2133-2144. [PMID: 33415683 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis promotes an inflammatory state in the central nervous system (CNS) that may cause autonomic, cognitive, and endocrine changes. Microglia, a resident immune cell of the CNS, is activated in several brain regions during sepsis, suggesting its participation in the central alterations observed in this disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of microglial activation in the neuroendocrine system functions during systemic inflammation. Wistar rats received an intracerebroventricular injection of the microglial activation inhibitor minocycline (100 μg/animal), shortly before sepsis induction by cecal ligation and puncture. At 6 and 24 h after surgery, hormonal parameters, central and peripheral inflammation, and markers of apoptosis and synaptic function in the hypothalamus were analyzed. The administration of minocycline decreased the production of inflammatory mediators and the expression of cell death markers, especially in the late phase of sepsis (24 h). With respect to the endocrine parameters, microglial inhibition caused a decrease in oxytocin and an increase in corticosterone and vasopressin plasma levels in the early phase of sepsis (6 h), while in the late phase, we observed decreased oxytocin and increased ACTH and corticosterone levels compared to septic animals that did not receive minocycline. Prolactin levels were not affected by minocycline administration. The results indicate that microglial activation differentially modulates the secretion of several hormones and that this process is associated with inflammatory mediators produced both centrally and peripherally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Henrique Angenendt da Costa
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Nilton Nascimento Santos-Junior
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Rocha Catalão
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Maria José Alves Rocha
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil. .,Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-904, Brazil. .,Departamento de Biologia Básica e Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Effect of a novel extracorporeal cytokine apheresis method on endocan, copeptin And interleukin-6 levels in sepsis: An observational prospective study. Transfus Apher Sci 2020; 59:102919. [PMID: 32912735 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is still an evident need for useful biomarkers and effective therapeutic approaches regarding the challenging management of sepsis. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of each Cytosorb hemoadsorption therapy course on blood levels of inflammatory biomarkers of sepsis including endocan, copeptin, interleukin-6, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein. METHODS There were a total of 178 samples belonging to 34 patients that were diagnosed with sepsis and undergone Cytosorb therapy during the study period. Patient demographics were recorded. Arterial blood samples were obtained both before and and after each Cytosorb course. Levels of copeptin, interleukin-6, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white blood cell count, and creatinine were assessed both before and after each Cytosorb treatment. RESULTS Levels of endocan, copeptin, interleukin-6, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were all significantly decreased after the Cytosorb course when compared with levels before therapy (p = 0.039, 0.001, 0.010, 0.001, 0.002 and 0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference between white blood cell count and creatinine levels before and after Cytosorb courses (p = 0.204 and 0.277). CONCLUSION Cytosorb courses achieved significant decreases in endocan, copeptin, interleukin-6, procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels. Decreasing plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines may help alleviate the cytokine storm and may have a role in improve outcomes. Further prospective randomized controlled studies with larger sample size are needed concerning the long-term effects of this decrease in cytokine levels on outcome and mortality.
Collapse
|
4
|
Simvastatin Prevents Long-Term Cognitive Deficits in Sepsis Survivor Rats by Reducing Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:871-886. [PMID: 32524380 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy causes brain dysfunction that can result in cognitive impairments in sepsis survivor patients. In previous work, we showed that simvastatin attenuated oxidative stress in brain structures related to memory in septic rats. However, there is still a need to evaluate the long-term impact of simvastatin administration on brain neurodegenerative processes and cognitive damage in sepsis survivors. Here, we investigated the possible neuroprotective role of simvastatin in neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration conditions of brain structures related to memory in rats at 10 days after sepsis survival. Male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were submitted to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP, n = 42) or remained as non-manipulated (naïve, n = 30). Both groups were treated (before and after the surgery) by gavage with simvastatin (20 mg/kg) or an equivalent volume of saline and observed for 10 days. Simvastatin-treated rats that survived to sepsis showed a reduction in the levels of nitrate, IL1-β, and IL-6 and an increase in Bcl-2 protein expression in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and synaptophysin only in the hippocampus. Immunofluorescence revealed a reduction of glial activation, neurodegeneration, apoptosis, and amyloid aggregates confirmed by quantification of GFAP, Iba-1, phospho Ser396-tau, total tau, cleaved caspase-3, and thioflavin-S in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. In addition, treated animals presented better performance in tasks involving habituation memory, discriminative, and aversive memory. These results suggest that statins exert a neuroprotective role by upregulation of the Bcl-2 and gliosis reduction, which may prevent the cognitive deficit observed in sepsis survivor animals.
Collapse
|
5
|
Cazuza RA, Santos-Júnior NN, da Costa LHA, Catalão CHR, Mendes-Gomes J, da Rocha MJA, Leite-Panissi CRA. Sepsis-induced encephalopathy impairs descending nociceptive pathways in rats. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 342:577198. [PMID: 32120082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a significant problem in patients with sepsis, and it is associated with a decrease in cognitive and sensitivity capability induced by systemic inflammation. SAE is implicated in reversible brain damage of several regions related to cognition, emotion, and sensation; however, it is not well established if it could affect brain regions associated with nociceptive modulation. Here were evaluated the nociceptive thresholds in rats with systemic inflammation induced by cecal ligation puncture (CLP). After 24 h of CLP, it was observed an increase in nociceptive threshold in all tests. Periaqueductal gray, rostroventral medulla, critical regions for descending nociceptive modulation, were evaluated and showed enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as glial activation. These results suggest that systemic inflammation could compromise descending facilitatory pathways, impairing nociceptive sensory functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Alves Cazuza
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Science and Literature of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Nilton Nascimento Santos-Júnior
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Ribeirão Preto Dentistry Faculty, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Henrique Angenendt da Costa
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Ribeirão Preto Dentistry Faculty, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Rocha Catalão
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Ribeirão Preto Dentistry Faculty, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Joyce Mendes-Gomes
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Science and Literature of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901, SP, Brazil; UNIFADRA-FUNDEC Medical School, Dracena 17900-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria José Alves da Rocha
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Ribeirão Preto Dentistry Faculty, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Christie Ramos Andrade Leite-Panissi
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Science and Literature of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gille J, Schmidt J, Kremer T, Sablotzki A. Evaluation of MR-proANP and copeptin for sepsis diagnosis after burn injury. J Crit Care 2019; 52:149-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
7
|
Thiele RH, Osuru HP, Paila U, Ikeda K, Zuo Z. Impact of inflammation on brain subcellular energetics in anesthetized rats. BMC Neurosci 2019; 20:34. [PMID: 31307382 PMCID: PMC6631861 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-019-0514-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging data suggests that volatile anesthetic agents may have organ protection properties in the setting of critical illness. The purpose of this study was to better understand the effect of inflammation on cerebral subcellular energetics in animals exposed to two different anesthetic agents—a GABA agonist (propofol) and a volatile agent (isoflurane). Results Forty-eight Sprague–Dawley rats were anesthetized with isoflurane or propofol. In each group, rats were randomized to celiotomy and closure (sham) or cecal ligation and puncture (inflammation [sepsis model]) for 8 h. Brain tissue oxygen saturation and the oxidation state of cytochrome aa3 were measured. Brain tissue was extracted using the freeze-blow technique. All rats experienced progressive increases in tissue oxygenation and cytochrome aa3 reduction over time. Inflammation had no impact on cytochrome aa3, but isoflurane caused significant cytochrome aa3 reduction. During isoflurane (not propofol) anesthesia, inflammation led to an increase in lactate (+ 0.64 vs. − 0.80 mEq/L, p = 0.0061). There were no differences in ADP:ATP ratios between groups. In the isoflurane (not propofol) group, inflammation increased the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (62%, p = 0.0012), heme oxygenase-1 (67%, p = 0.0011), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (31%, p = 0.023) in the brain. Animals exposed to inflammation and isoflurane (but not propofol) exhibited increased expression of protein carbonyls (9.2 vs. 7.0 nM/mg protein, p = 0.0050) and S-nitrosylation (49%, p = 0.045) in the brain. RNA sequencing identified an increase in heat shock protein 90 and NF-κβ inhibitor mRNA in the inflammation/isoflurane group. Conclusions In the setting of inflammation, rats exposed to isoflurane show increased hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression despite a lack of hypoxia, increased oxidative stress in the brain, and increased serum lactate, all of which suggest a relative increase in anaerobic metabolism compared to propofol. Differences in oxidative stress as well as heat shock protein 90 and NF-κβ inhibitor may account for the differential expression of cerebral hypoxia-inducible factor-1α during inflammation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12868-019-0514-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Thiele
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 800710, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0710, USA.
| | - Hari P Osuru
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 800710, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0710, USA
| | - Umadevi Paila
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Keita Ikeda
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 800710, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0710, USA
| | - Zhiyi Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 800710, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Experimental sepsis induces sustained inflammation and acetylcholinesterase activity impairment in the hypothalamus. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 324:143-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
9
|
Bedirli N, Bagriacik EU, Yilmaz G, Ozkose Z, Kavutçu M, Cavunt Bayraktar A, Bedirli A. Sevoflurane exerts brain-protective effects against sepsis-associated encephalopathy and memory impairment through caspase 3/9 and Bax/Bcl signaling pathway in a rat model of sepsis. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:2828-2842. [PMID: 29756489 PMCID: PMC6124281 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518773265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We compared the effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane on systemic inflammation, sepsis-associated encephalopathy, and memory impairment in a rat sepsis model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced polymicrobial peritonitis. Methods Twenty-four rats were assigned to sham, CLP, CLP + sevoflurane, and CLP + isoflurane groups. At 72 hours after CLP, the rats underwent behavior tests. Serum cytokines were evaluated. Brain tissue samples were collected for determination of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase; the wet/dry weight ratio; myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA); apoptotic gene release; and histologic examinations. Results The MPO level, wet/dry weight ratio, and histopathology scores were lower and the Bcl2a1 and Bcl2l2 expressions were upregulated in both the CLP + sevoflurane and CLP + isoflurane groups compared with the CLP group. The interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, MDA, and caspase 3, 8, and 9 levels were lower; the GPX, SOD, Bax, Bcl2, and Bclx levels were higher; and non-associative and aversive memory were improved in the CLP + sevoflurane group compared with the CLP + isoflurane group. Conclusion Sevoflurane decreased apoptosis and oxidative injury and improved memory in this experimental rat model of CLP. Sevoflurane sedation may protect against brain injury and memory impairment in septic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurdan Bedirli
- Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Medical Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Guldal Yilmaz
- Department of Pathology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zerrin Ozkose
- Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Medical Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Santos-Junior NN, Catalão CH, Costa LH, Rossignoli BB, Dos-Santos RC, Malvar D, Mecawi AS, Rocha MJ. Alterations in hypothalamic synaptophysin and death markers may be associated with vasopressin impairment in sepsis survivor rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:e12604. [PMID: 29717520 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The impairment in arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion during sepsis is described in clinical and experimental studies and has been associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, and diminished activation of hypothalamic neurons. Few studies have, however, assessed these abnormalities in sepsis survivors. Here we performed two sets of experiments on Wistar rats that had been subjected to sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or nonmanipulated (naive) as control. In the first set, tissues and blood were collected from survivor rats 10 days after CLP to quantify hypothalamic Bcl-2, cleaved caspase- 3 and synaptophysin content, and bacterial load. In the second set, survivor rats were submitted to an acute osmotic stimulus (hypertonic saline), and after 30 minutes the water intake and AVP secretion were analyzed. The sepsis-surviving rats did not show bacterial load in tissues, but their hypothalamic synaptophysin and Bcl-2 levels were decreased, and the cleaved caspase- 3 level was increased when compared with the control group. However, AVP secretion was significantly attenuated in the CLP survivor animals submitted to an acute osmotic stimulus. These results suggest that the persistent AVP impairment in sepsis survivor animals may be due to a hypothalamic dysfunction associated with a synaptic deficit and decreased anti-apoptotic protein expression. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N N Santos-Junior
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - C H Catalão
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - L H Costa
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - B B Rossignoli
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - R C Dos-Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, 23890-000, Brazil
| | - D Malvar
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, 23890-000, Brazil
| | - A S Mecawi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, 23890-000, Brazil
| | - M J Rocha
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Catalão CHR, Santos-Júnior NN, da Costa LHA, Souza AO, Alberici LC, Rocha MJA. Brain Oxidative Stress During Experimental Sepsis Is Attenuated by Simvastatin Administration. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7008-7018. [PMID: 27796742 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
During sepsis, brain damage is associated with oxidative stress due to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although there are recent reports about the benefits of statins in experimental sepsis and endotoxemia in peripheral organs, little is known about their effects in the CNS. Here, we investigated the antioxidant properties of simvastatin and its possible neuroprotective role during experimental sepsis. Male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were submitted to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP, n = 34) or remained as non-manipulated (naive, n = 34). Both groups were treated by gavage with simvastatin (20 mg/kg) or an equivalent volume of saline. The animals submitted to CLP were treated 4 days before and 48 h after surgery. One animal group was decapitated and the blood and brain were collected to quantify plasma levels of cytokines and assess astrogliosis and apoptosis in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Another group was perfused with PBS (0.01 M), and the same brain structures were dissected to analyze oxidative damage. The CLP rats treated with simvastatin showed a reduction in nitric oxide (P < 0.05), IL1-β (P < 0.001), IL-6 (P < 0.01), and TBARS levels (P < 0.001) and an increase in catalase activity (P < 0.01), citrate synthase enzyme (P < 0.05), and normalized GSH/GSSG ratio. In addition, the histopathological analysis showed a reduction (P < 0.001) in reactive astrocytes and caspase 3-positive apoptotic cells. The results suggest a possible neuroprotective effect of simvastatin in structures responsible for spatial learning and memory and indicate the need for behavioral studies evaluating the impact on cognitive damage, as frequently seen in patients surviving sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henrique Rocha Catalão
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Nilton Nascimento Santos-Júnior
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Henrique Angenendt da Costa
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson Oliveira Souza
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Carla Alberici
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria José Alves Rocha
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
da Costa LHA, Júnior NNDS, Catalão CHR, Sharshar T, Chrétien F, da Rocha MJA. Vasopressin Impairment During Sepsis Is Associated with Hypothalamic Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway and Microglial Activation. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5526-5533. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0094-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
13
|
Stabile AM, Moreto V, Batalhão ME, Rocha MJ, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Cárnio EC. Differential Role of Neurohypophysial Hormones in Hypotension and Nitric Oxide Production During Endotoxaemia. J Neuroendocrinol 2016; 28. [PMID: 27037598 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Besides their well-established endocrine roles, vasopressin and oxytocin are also important regulators of immune function, participating in a complex neuroendocrine-immune network. In the present study, we investigated whether and how vasopressin and oxytocin could modulate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in a well-established model of experimental endotoxaemia. Male Wistar rats were previously treated i.v. with vasopressin V1 or oxytocin receptor antagonists and then received either an i.v. LPS injection to induce endotoxaemia or a saline imjection as a control. The animals were divided into two groups: in the first group, blood was collected at 2, 4 and 6 h after LPS injection; in the second group, mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded over 6 h. Plasma vasopressin and oxytocin values were higher in LPS- compared to saline-injected animals at 2 and 4 h but returned to basal levels at 6 h. NO levels exhibited an opposite pattern, showing a progressive increase over the entire period. The previous administration of a vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist significantly reduced NO plasma concentrations at 2 and 4 h but not at 6 h. By contrast, oxytocin receptor agonist pre-treatment had no effect on the NO plasma concentration. In relation to MABP, previous treatment with vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist reversed the LPS-induced hypotension at 4 h, although this was not the case for oxytocin antagonist-treated animals. None of the antagonists affected HR. Our findings indicate that vasopressin (but not oxytocin) has effects on NO production during endotoxaemia in rats, although they do not lend support to the proposed anti-inflammatory actions of vasopressin during endotoxaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Stabile
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - V Moreto
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - M E Batalhão
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - M J Rocha
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - J Antunes-Rodrigues
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - E C Cárnio
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wahab F, Santos-Junior NN, de Almeida Rodrigues RP, Costa LHA, Catalão CHR, Rocha MJA. Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Decreases Hypothalamic Oxidative Stress During Experimental Sepsis. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:3992-3998. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
15
|
Wahab F, Tazinafo LF, Cárnio EC, Aguila FA, Batalhão ME, Rocha MJA. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist decreases cerebrospinal fluid nitric oxide levels and increases vasopressin secretion in the late phase of sepsis in rats. Endocrine 2015; 49:215-21. [PMID: 25338201 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of IL-1ra (an Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist) on sepsis-induced alterations in vasopressin (AVP) and nitric oxide (NO) levels. In addition, IL-1ra effect on the hypothalamic nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities and survival rate was also analyzed. After Wistar rats were intracerebroventricular injected with IL-1ra (9 pmol) or vehicle (PBS 0.01 M), sepsis was induced by cecal-ligation and puncture (CLP). Blood, CSF, and hypothalamic samples were collected from different groups of rats (n = 8/group) after 4, 6, and 24 h. AVP and NO levels were greatly increased in CLP. Both total NOS and inducible NOS (iNOS) activities were also greatly increased in CLP rats. These changes in AVP, NO, and NOS were not observed in sham-operated control rats. IL-1ra administration did not alter plasma AVP levels after 4 and 6 h as compared to vehicle in CLP animals but after 24 h were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in IL-1ra-treated animals. IL-1ra administration significantly (P < 0.01) decreased NO concentration in CSF but not in plasma. Both total NOS and iNOS activities were also significantly decreased by IL-1ra at 24 h in CLP animals. Moreover, the 24 h survival rate of IL-1ra-treated rats increased by 38 % in comparison to vehicle administered animals. The central administration of IL-1ra increased AVP secretion in the late phase of sepsis which was beneficial for survival. We believe that one of the mechanisms for this effect of IL-1ra is through reduction of NO concentration in CSF and hence lower hypothalamic iNOS activities in the septic rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Wahab
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Avenida do Café s/n CEP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Palmiere C, Augsburger M. Copeptin as a diagnostic biomarker for sepsis-related deaths. Peptides 2014; 59:75-8. [PMID: 25063055 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Copeptin has been shown to increase in patients with sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock. In the study herein described, copeptin was measured in a series of sepsis-related fatalities and control cases that underwent medico-legal investigations. No age-dependent differences in copeptin levels in either sepsis or control cases were observed. No correlation between copeptin concentrations and postmortem interval was identified in either group. Copeptin levels were significantly higher in sepsis cases. Moreover, copeptin concentrations in septic cases correlated with procalcitonin, C-reactive protein and interleukin 6 values. These preliminary findings seem to indicate that copeptin can be reliably measured in biological samples collected during postmortem investigations. These results also suggest that hemodynamic instability associated with sepsis and septic shock can be characterized by copeptin measurement also in the forensic casework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Palmiere
- University Center of Legal Medicine, Rue du Bugnon 21, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Marc Augsburger
- University Center of Legal Medicine, Rue du Bugnon 21, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|