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Wu J, Ye S, Liu X, Xu Y, Fan D. The burden of upper motor neuron involvement is correlated with the bilateral limb involvement interval in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a retrospective observational study. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1505-1512. [PMID: 39075916 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202505000-00032/figure1/v/2024-07-28T173839Z/r/image-tiff Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by the involvement of both upper and lower motor neurons. Early bilateral limb involvement significantly affects patients' daily lives and may lead them to be confined to bed. However, the effect of upper and lower motor neuron impairment and other risk factors on bilateral limb involvement is unclear. To address this issue, we retrospectively collected data from 586 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with limb onset diagnosed at Peking University Third Hospital between January 2020 and May 2022. A univariate analysis revealed no significant differences in the time intervals of spread in different directions between individuals with upper motor neuron-dominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and those with classic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We used causal directed acyclic graphs for risk factor determination and Cox proportional hazards models to investigate the association between the duration of bilateral limb involvement and clinical baseline characteristics in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Multiple factor analyses revealed that higher upper motor neuron scores (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-1.09, P = 0.018), onset in the left limb (HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.58-0.89, P = 0.002), and a horizontal pattern of progression (HR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.37-0.58, P < 0.001) were risk factors for a shorter interval until bilateral limb involvement. The results demonstrated that a greater degree of upper motor neuron involvement might cause contralateral limb involvement to progress more quickly in limb-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. These findings may improve the management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with limb onset and the prediction of patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Wu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Ye
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yingsheng Xu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Fan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission/Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Nakamura T, He X, Hattori N, Hida E, Hirata M. Dilemma in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and expectations from brain-machine interfaces. Ann Med 2024; 56:2386516. [PMID: 39140323 PMCID: PMC11328597 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2386516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) face a dilemma between motivation to live and difficulty in living, and brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) can reduce this dilemma. This study aimed to investigate the present situation of patients with ALS and their expectations from BMIs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our survey design consisted of an anonymous mail-in questionnaire comprising questions regarding the use of tracheostomy positive pressure ventilation (TPPV), motivation to live, anxiety about the totally locked-in state (TLS), anxiety about caregiver burden, and expectations regarding the use of BMI. Primary outcomes were scores for motivation to live and anxiety about caregiver burden and the TLS. Outcomes were evaluated using the visual analogue scale. RESULTS Among 460 participants, 286 (62.6%) were already supported by or had decided to use TPPV. The median scores for motivation to live, anxiety about TLS, and anxiety about caregiver burden were 8.0, 9.0, and 7.0, respectively. Overall, 49% of patients intended to use BMI. Among patients who had refused TPPV, 15.9% intended to use BMI and TPPV. Significant factors for the use of BMI were motivation to live (p = .003), anxiety about TLS (p < .001), younger age (p < .001), and advanced disease stage (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS These results clearly revealed a serious dilemma among patients with ALS between motivation to live and their anxiety about TLS and caregiver burden. Patients expected BMI to reduce this dilemma. Thus, the development of better BMIs may meet these expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Nakamura
- Department of Neurological Diagnosis and Restoration, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Xin He
- Department of Neurological Diagnosis and Restoration, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriaki Hattori
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eisuke Hida
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hirata
- Department of Neurological Diagnosis and Restoration, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Jacob SM, Lee S, Kim SH, Sharkey KA, Pfeffer G, Nguyen MD. Brain-body mechanisms contribute to sexual dimorphism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:475-494. [PMID: 38965379 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common form of human motor neuron disease. It is characterized by the progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons, leading to generalized motor weakness and, ultimately, respiratory paralysis and death within 3-5 years. The disease is shaped by genetics, age, sex and environmental stressors, but no cure or routine biomarkers exist for the disease. Male individuals have a higher propensity to develop ALS, and a different manifestation of the disease phenotype, than female individuals. However, the mechanisms underlying these sex differences remain a mystery. In this Review, we summarize the epidemiology of ALS, examine the sexually dimorphic presentation of the disease and highlight the genetic variants and molecular pathways that might contribute to sex differences in humans and animal models of ALS. We advance the idea that sexual dimorphism in ALS arises from the interactions between the CNS and peripheral organs, involving vascular, metabolic, endocrine, musculoskeletal and immune systems, which are strikingly different between male and female individuals. Finally, we review the response to treatments in ALS and discuss the potential to implement future personalized therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Jacob
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sukyoung Lee
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gerald Pfeffer
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Minh Dang Nguyen
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Kim JS, Park M, Park S, Chae J, Hong YH, Park KS, Sung JJ, Choi SJ. Prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients after tracheostomy invasive ventilation in Korea. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2024; 25:271-281. [PMID: 38340017 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2024.2314064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Background: Tracheostomy invasive ventilation (TIV) is applied to a subset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients; however, its frequency and impact on prognosis vary across countries. Methods: We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study using Korean National Health Insurance claims data. All patients diagnosed with sporadic ALS from 2012 to 2017 were included, with the observation period until 2020. The survival time between the TIV and non-TIV groups was compared using propensity score matching analysis, and prognostic factors were assessed within the TIV group. Results: This study included 3484 ALS patients (mean [standard deviation] age, 62.4 [11.9] years, 60.4% male), among whom 1230 (35.3%) underwent TIV. After 1:1 propensity score matching, the survival duration between the two groups was not significantly different (28 vs. 25 months, p = 0.057). Cox regression indicated that older age (hazard ratios [HRs] for each decade compared to <40 years: 3.89, 3.83, 5.30, 6.78, and 8.40 [≥ 80 years]; p < 0.005 for all) and lower income (HR, 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-1.52; p = 0.003) negatively impacted survival, while gastrostomy (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.50-0.66; p < 0.001) and supportive care services (HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.32-0.59; p < 0.001) were associated with prolonged survival. Conclusions: TIV was administered to more than one-third of Korean ALS patients without significant survival prolongation. Older age, lower income, lack of gastrostomy, and insufficient supportive care were independent poor prognostic factors for survival, underscoring the importance of comprehensive management for ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Su Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minae Park
- Data Science Team, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojeong Park
- Data Science Team, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Chae
- Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University College of Medicine, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Centre, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Seok Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Sung
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, and
| | - Seok-Jin Choi
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Centre for Hospital Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yamamoto Y, Fujita K, Yamazaki H, Haji S, Osaki Y, Izumi Y. Constipation in patients with motor neuron disease: A retrospective longitudinal study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27951. [PMID: 38524582 PMCID: PMC10957436 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Constipation has been recently recognized as a complication associated with motor and autonomic dysfunction in patients with motor neuron disease (MND), typified by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the long-term characteristics of constipation remain unclear in patients with MND. We longitudinally investigated the prevalence and risk factors of constipation in a consecutive cohort of patients with MND. Methods Data from Japanese patients with MND enrolled in a single-center registry from June 2017 to December 2021 were retrospectively investigated. The diagnosis of ALS was based on the updated Awaji criteria, and other MND subtypes were also included. The presence or absence of constipation symptoms was determined by referring to the Rome III criteria. The clinical backgrounds and symptoms of patients with and without constipation were compared. Results Among 155 consecutive patients (female, 63; age, 66.5 ± 12.4 years), 30.3% had constipation at diagnosis and 52.9% after a median follow-up of 18 months. Univariate analysis showed that female sex, use of tracheostomy and invasive ventilation, and delivery of enteral nutrition were more frequent in the constipation group. The Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale score was significantly lower in the constipation group, especially for the sub-items related to physical motor function. Multivariate analysis showed that the use of enteral nutrition was an independent risk of constipation, with an odds ratio of 3.69 (95% CI, 1.49-9.17; p = 0.005). Conclusion Constipation had a high prevalence in patients with MND with impaired motor function. Controlling defecation is important in patients with MND, especially during enteral nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-10-3 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamazaki
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shotaro Haji
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Osaki
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuishin Izumi
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Japan
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Yamamoto M, Tsukasaki K, Kyota K. Relationship Between Resilience Factors and Caregiving Status of Families of Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) in Japan. J Community Health Nurs 2024; 41:44-56. [PMID: 37674309 DOI: 10.1080/07370016.2023.2254771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify innate and acquired factors leading to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) caregivers' resilience, the relationships among these factors, and caregiving situations. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Questionnaires measuring resilience, caregiver burden, and family functioning were mailed to caregivers of ALS patients in Japan. FINDINGS The 370 responses showed that increases in both innate and acquired factors were related to having an ALS association membership, while decreases were associated with reduced family function. Increases in innate factors were related to employment and those consenting to ventilators, while decreases were associated with being male and having a sense of the care burden. Decreases in acquired factors were related to the presence of an alternative caregiver. CONCLUSIONS By identifying the caregiving situation based on innate and acquired factors, we were able to identify the significance and direction of specific caregiving support. CLINICAL EVIDENCE Community health nurses should focus on improving family function and creating a supportive environment. Further, support for male and non-working caregivers should be strengthened and consultation on the use of respiratory equipment promoted to reduce the caregiving burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Yamamoto
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Faculty of Nursing, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama, Japan
| | - Keiko Tsukasaki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kyota
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Shimizu T, Nakayama Y, Hayashi K, Mochizuki Y, Matsuda C, Haraguchi M, Bokuda K, Komori T, Takahashi K. Somatosensory pathway dysfunction in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a completely locked-in state. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 156:253-261. [PMID: 37827876 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate somatosensory pathway function in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) dependent on invasive ventilation and in a completely locked-in state (CLIS). METHODS We examined median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in 17 ALS patients in a CLIS, including 11 patients with sporadic ALS, one with familial ALS with genes not examined, four with a Cu/Zn superoxide-dismutase-1 (SOD1) gene variant (Val118Leu, Gly93Ser, Cys146Arg), and one with a fused-in-sarcoma gene variant (P525L). We evaluated N9, N13, N20 and P25, and central conduction time (CCT); the data were compared with those of 73 healthy controls. RESULTS N20 and N13 were abolished in 12 and 10 patients, and their latencies was prolonged in four and three patients, respectively. The CCT was prolonged in five patients with measurable N13 and N20. Two patients with SOD1 gene mutations had absent or slightly visible N9. Compared to the CCT and latencies and amplitudes of N13 and N20 in the controls, those in the patient cohort were significantly abnormal. CONCLUSIONS The central somatosensory pathway is severely involved in patients with ALS in a CLIS. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that median nerve SEP cannot be utilized for communication in patients with ALS in a CLIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Shimizu
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuki Nakayama
- Unit for Intractable Disease Nursing Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hayashi
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Kita Medical and Rehabilitation Center for the Disabled, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiharu Matsuda
- Unit for Intractable Disease Nursing Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Haraguchi
- Unit for Intractable Disease Nursing Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kota Bokuda
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Komori
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushi Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Li C, Wei Q, Hou Y, Lin J, Ou R, Zhang L, Jiang Q, Xiao Y, Liu K, Chen X, Yang T, Song W, Zhao B, Wu Y, Shang H. Genome-wide analyses identify NEAT1 as genetic modifier of age at onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:77. [PMID: 37872557 PMCID: PMC10594666 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) demonstrate great heterogeneity in the age at onset (AAO), which is closely related to the course of disease. However, most genetic studies focused on the risk of ALS, while the genetic background underlying AAO of ALS is still unknown. METHODS To identify genetic determinants influencing AAO of ALS, we performed genome-wide association analysis using a Cox proportional hazards model in 2,841 patients with ALS (Ndiscovery = 2,272, Nreplication = 569) in the Chinese population. We further conducted colocalization analysis using public cis-eQTL dataset, and Mendelian randomization analysis to identify risk factors for AAO of ALS. Finally, functional experiments including dual-luciferase reporter assay and RT-qPCR were performed to explore the regulatory effect of the target variant. RESULTS The total heritability of AAO of ALS was ~ 0.24. One novel locus rs10128627 (FRMD8) was significantly associated with earlier AAO by ~ 3.15 years (P = 1.54E-08, beta = 0.31, SE = 0.05). This locus was cis-eQTL of NEAT1 in multiple brain tissues and blood. Colocalization analysis detected association signals at this locus between AAO of ALS and expression of NEAT1. Furthermore, functional exploration supported the variant rs10128627 was associated with upregulated expression of NEAT1 in cell models and patients with ALS. Causal inference suggested higher total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and eosinophil were nominally associated with earlier AAO of ALS, while monocyte might delay the AAO. CONCLUSIONS Collective evidence from genetic, bioinformatic, and functional results suggested NEAT1 as a key player in the disease progression of ALS. These findings improve the current understanding of the genetic role in AAO of ALS, and provide a novel target for further research on the pathogenesis and therapeutic options to delay the disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianqian Wei
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanbing Hou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyu Lin
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruwei Ou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qirui Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kuncheng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - TianMi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Matsuda C, Shimizu T, Nakayama Y, Haraguchi M, Hakuta C, Hidaka R, Nishiyama A, Numayama T. Clinical relevance of macroglossia to disease progression in ventilation dependent patients with advanced ALS. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:2025-2031. [PMID: 36715782 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06646-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macroglossia is one of the clinical signs that emerges in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) who are undergoing invasive ventilation. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the relationship between the progression of macroglossia and the clinical characteristics during the advanced stages of ALS. METHODS Forty-one patients with ALS using invasive ventilation with tracheostomy were prospectively followed over a 3-year period. We evaluated the prevalence of macroglossia, motor disabilities including oral function, communication ability (communication stage I to V) as a marker of disease progression, and nutritional factors. We analyzed the potential factors affecting the progression of macroglossia using a multivariate logistic analysis. RESULTS The number of patients with macroglossia was increased during the follow-up (from 24.4 to 53.7%), while the communication stage progressed from 2.6 in average (SD 1.7) to 3.5 (1.4). During the study, body weight increased, while energy intake decreased, suggesting progressive hypometabolism. Eight patients had newly developed macroglossia during the study and showed greater progression of communication impairment than those without macroglossia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that communication impairment was a factor associated with macroglossia. CONCLUSION Macroglossia in advanced ALS with invasive ventilation is associated with disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Matsuda
- Unit for Intractable Disease Nursing Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Shimizu
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, 2-6-1 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-0042, Japan.
| | - Yuki Nakayama
- Unit for Intractable Disease Nursing Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Haraguchi
- Unit for Intractable Disease Nursing Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiyoko Hakuta
- Department of Oral Health Sciences for Community Welfare, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rena Hidaka
- Department of Oral Health Sciences for Community Welfare, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Orofacial Pain Management, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaya Numayama
- Department of Neurology, Sayama Neurological Hospital, Saitama, Japan
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Towards clinical application of implantable brain-computer interfaces for people with late-stage ALS: medical and ethical considerations. J Neurol 2023; 270:1323-1336. [PMID: 36450968 PMCID: PMC9971103 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11464-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) frequently develop speech and communication problems in the course of their disease. Currently available augmentative and alternative communication technologies do not present a solution for many people with advanced ALS, because these devices depend on residual and reliable motor activity. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) use neural signals for computer control and may allow people with late-stage ALS to communicate even when conventional technology falls short. Recent years have witnessed fast progression in the development and validation of implanted BCIs, which place neural signal recording electrodes in or on the cortex. Eventual widespread clinical application of implanted BCIs as an assistive communication technology for people with ALS will have significant consequences for their daily life, as well as for the clinical management of the disease, among others because of the potential interaction between the BCI and other procedures people with ALS undergo, such as tracheostomy. This article aims to facilitate responsible real-world implementation of implanted BCIs. We review the state of the art of research on implanted BCIs for communication, as well as the medical and ethical implications of the clinical application of this technology. We conclude that the contribution of all BCI stakeholders, including clinicians of the various ALS-related disciplines, will be needed to develop procedures for, and shape the process of, the responsible clinical application of implanted BCIs.
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Yae Y, Yuge K, Maeda T, Ichinose F, Matsuo M, Kobayashi O, Okanari K, Baba Y, Yonee C, Maruyama S, Shibata M, Fujii T, Chinen M, Yamashita Y. Exploratory evaluation of an eye-tracking system in patients with advanced spinal muscular atrophy type I receiving nusinersen. Front Neurol 2022; 13:918255. [PMID: 36247789 PMCID: PMC9563313 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.918255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThis study evaluated the feasibility of a matching-pair test using eye-tracking technology to assess nusinersen effectiveness in patients with advanced spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type I.MethodsThis prospective, observational study enrolled patients with 5q-SMA type I who had lost gross motor function. Three different levels of matching-pair tests were conducted using the eye-gaze system (My Tobii; TobiiDynavox Inc.) at baseline, and after 9 and 24 weeks of nusinersen treatment. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in matching-pair test scores and response times (i.e., the time to answer matching-pair test) at 24 weeks from baseline. Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP-INTEND), Pediatric Quality of Life inventory for patients with Neuromuscular Disease (PedsQL-NM) and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scores were also assessed as secondary endpoints. Analysis of ocular fixation was performed as an additional analysis. This study was registered at https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/ (UMIN000033935).ResultsSeven patients (one male, six female) aged 5–21 years (median 11 years) were enrolled; all patients were bedridden and six patients were ventilated. All seven patients were able to conduct level 1 matching-pair tests at each assessment; five patients were also able to conduct levels 2 and 3. Two patients (those with the highest CHOP-INTEND scores) were able to complete all tests correctly within 60 s. There was a non-significant trend toward improvement in CHOP-INTEND, PedsQL-NM, and NRS scores over the 6-month period. There were no significant differences in the number of actions, errors, correct answers, or response times between baseline and Week 9 or 24 at any level. However, the result of an additional analysis suggests that detection of eye movement would be useful to evaluate for advanced SMA.ConclusionsEye-tracking systems are possibly feasible for the assessment of treatment efficacy in patients with advanced SMA type I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Yae
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yuge
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kotaro Yuge
| | - Toshiyuki Maeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Fumio Ichinose
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Muneaki Matsuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Osamu Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Kazuo Okanari
- Department of Pediatrics, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Yusei Baba
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Chihiro Yonee
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Maruyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Minoru Shibata
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga Medical Center for Children, Moriyama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fujii
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga Medical Center for Children, Moriyama, Japan
| | | | - Yushiro Yamashita
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
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12
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Ueno T, Haga R, Arai A, Tomiyama M. Slow vital capacity as a useful indicator of the prognosis after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 2022; 146:578-585. [PMID: 35975358 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Forced vital capacity (FVC) is recommended as a respiratory function test in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, in ALS associated with orofacial palsy, FVC may be an unreliable test. Slow vital capacity (SVC) is an easier and more reliable test even in cases with bulbar symptoms. However, it remains unclear whether respiratory function tests using SVC and FVC are associated with prognosis after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement. This study aimed to confirm whether both SVC and FVC are related to prognosis after PEG placement in patients with ALS. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted this retrospective observational cohort study of 69 consecutive patients diagnosed with sporadic ALS who underwent PEG placement between July 2007 and February 2020. We analyzed the association with mortality 6 months after PEG placement and evaluated long-term prognosis. RESULTS Forty-four patients met the inclusion criteria. In cases with decreased SVC (p < .01) and FVC (p < .01), a significant difference was observed in mortality 6 months after PEG placement, with an optimal cut-off of SVC ≤57.4% (sensitivity, 0.828; specificity, 0.867) and FVC ≤57.3% (sensitivity, 0.828; specificity, 0.867). Multivariate analysis showed that onset age ≥ 65 years (p < .05), SVC ≤57.4% (p < .01), and FVC ≤57.3% (p < .01) were associated with survival after PEG placement. CONCLUSIONS SVC, like FVC, is an important prognostic factor after PEG placement in patients with ALS, and there is a possibility that evaluation using SVC can complement respiratory function testing even in cases where the evaluation of FVC is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ueno
- Department of Neurology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, Aomori, Japan
| | - Rie Haga
- Department of Neurology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, Aomori, Japan
| | - Akira Arai
- Department of Neurology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, Aomori, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tomiyama
- Department of Neurology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Park J, Kim JE, Song TJ. The Global Burden of Motor Neuron Disease: An Analysis of the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:864339. [PMID: 35528743 PMCID: PMC9068990 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.864339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Up-to-date, accurate information on the disease burden of motor neuron disease (MND) is the cornerstone for evidence-based resource allocation and healthcare planning. We aimed to estimate the burden of MND globally from 1990 to 2019, as part of the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries and Risk Factor (GBD) study. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, progressive muscular atrophy, primary lateral sclerosis, pseudobulbar palsy, spinal muscular atrophy and hereditary spastic paraplegia- were included for analysis as MNDs. We measured age-standardized incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 204 countries and territories worldwide from 1990 to 2019 using spatial Bayesian analyses. The effects of age, sex, and the sociodemographic index (measures of income per capita, education, and fertility) on incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life-years due to MNDs were explored. According to 2019 GBD estimates, there were ~268,673 [95% uncertainty interval (UI), 213,893-310,663] prevalent cases and 63,700 (95% UI, 57,295-71,343) incident cases of MND worldwide. In 2019, MND caused 1,034,606 (95% UI, 979,910-1,085,401) DALYs and 39,081 (95% UI, 36,566-41,129) deaths worldwide. The age-standardized rates of prevalence, incidence, death, and DALYs for MNDs in 2019 were 3.37 (95% UI, 2.9-3.87) per 100,000 people, 0.79 (95% UI, 0.72-0.88) per 100,000 people, 0.48 (95% UI, 0.45-0.51) per 100,000 people, and 12.66 (95% UI, 11.98-13.29) per 100,000 people, respectively. The global prevalence and deaths due to MND in 2019 were increased (1.91% [95% UI, 0.61-3.42] and 12.39% [95% UI, 5.81-19.27], respectively) compared to 1990, without significant change in incidence. More than half of the prevalence and deaths due to MND occurred in three high-income regions (North America, Western Europe, and Australasia). In most cases, the prevalence, incidence, and DALYs of MNDs were high in regions with high sociodemographic index; however, in high-income East Asia, these were relatively low compared to similar sociodemographic index groups elsewhere. The burden of MND increased between 1990 and 2019. Its expected increase in the future highlights the importance of global and national healthcare planning using more objective evidence. Geographical heterogeneity in the MND burden might suggest the influences of sociodemographic status and genetic background in various regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Hospital Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jee-Eun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Hospital Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Song
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Hospital Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Huang S, Zheng M, Lin J, Huang P, Chen W, He R, Yao X. Natural history and remarkable psychiatric state of late-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in China. Acta Neurol Scand 2022; 146:24-33. [PMID: 35187661 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons. The proportion of late-onset ALS in China were low and may have distinct clinical and genetic manifestations. We aimed to investigate the natural history and remarkable psychiatric state of ALS with age at onset over 60 years in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected all ALS cases from 2017 to 2020 in our center and focused on late-onset ALS patients particularly, by analyzing the clinical data, including the ALS onset and disease progression. Anxiety, depression, cognitive function, and sleep quality were assessed to reflect the psychiatric state. RESULTS A total of 193 late-onset ALS patients were included in this study. The median age at onset of late-onset ALS was 65 years with the quartile from 62 to 68 years. When compared with 446 non-late-onset ALS, late-onset ALS showed distinct clinical presentation, with lower ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised at diagnosis and faster rate of progression. Remarkably, late-onset ALS were suffering from worse psychiatric state, including serious anxiety and depression, as well as worse cognitive function with sleep quality. The abnormal psychiatric state was more pronounced in female patients of late-onset. CONCLUSIONS In the current study, ALS patients with late-onset showed unique clinical features. Severe psychiatric conditions and faster progression in the early stage of the disease of late-onset ALS indicated the need for more social and psychiatric support in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Huang
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology Guangzhou China
| | - Minying Zheng
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology Guangzhou China
| | - Jianing Lin
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology Guangzhou China
| | - Pian Huang
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology Guangzhou China
| | - Weineng Chen
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology Guangzhou China
| | - Ruojie He
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaoli Yao
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology Guangzhou China
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15
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Nishi M, Miyamoto R, Shima K, Miki H, Terasawa H, Takasu C, Yoshikawa K, Oyama T, Tanaka K, Izumi Y, Shimada M. Robot-assisted total gastrectomy for gastric cancer in a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis receiving long-term tracheostomy invasive ventilation. Int Cancer Conf J 2021; 10:318-323. [PMID: 34567945 DOI: 10.1007/s13691-021-00499-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. Although affected patients may develop cancers, major surgical intervention has been hampered by its questionable overall benefit due to limited prognosis and risk of postoperative respiratory collapse. A recent study, however, showed that tracheostomy invasive ventilation (TIV) prolonged median survival to 11.3 years; thus, patients with ALS receiving TIV might benefit from major surgery. A 66-year-old man with ALS, who had received TIV and enteral tube feeding for 8 years, presented with bloody stool. The patient also had type 2 diabetes mellitus, stage 4 chronic kidney disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and anti-phospholipid syndrome, as well as multiple episodes of pneumonia and catheter-related urinary tract infection treated by antibiotics. Medical examination and esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a type 3 tumor in the middle part of the stomach. The patient's preoperative diagnosis was gastric cancer (GC), MU, type3, Less-Post, T3(SS), N1, H0, P0, M0, cStage III. The estimated mortality rate was 30.5%, according to the Japanese National Clinical Database. The patient and his family were fully informed of the risk of surgery; the patient clearly requested curative surgery by eye movement. Thus, robot-assisted total gastrectomy (RATG) was performed. The tissues were extremely fragile and hemorrhagic. The surgical time was 7 h 0 min; intraoperative blood loss was 324 ml. Pathological examination revealed GC, MU, type3, T4a(SE), N2, H0, CY0, P0, M0 fStage IIIB. The postoperative course was uneventful. He has remained in stable condition for 3 months. Our findings suggest that patients with ALS who achieve longer survival with TIV can undergo major cancer surgery, including robot-assisted surgery, which may facilitate a better mid-long-term prognosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13691-021-00499-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Nishi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Ryosuke Miyamoto
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Kasane Shima
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Hirokazu Miki
- Division of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Hideo Terasawa
- Department of Neurology, Hyogo Brain and Heart Center, Himeji, 670-0981 Japan
| | - Chie Takasu
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Kozo Yoshikawa
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Takuro Oyama
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Katsuya Tanaka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Yuishin Izumi
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
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Couratier P, Lautrette G, Luna JA, Corcia P. Phenotypic variability in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2021; 177:536-543. [PMID: 33902945 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, ALS phenotypes depend on the areas of the body that are affected, the different degrees of involvement of upper and lower motor neurons, the degrees of involvement of other systems, particularly cognition and behavior, and rates of progression. Phenotypic variability of ALS is characteristic and can be declined on the distribution of motor manifestations but also on the presence of extra-motor signs present in a variable manner in ALS patients. Neuropathologically, ALS is defined by the loss of UMN and LMN and the presence of two representative motor neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions, Bunina bodies and 43kDa Transactivation Response DNA Binding Protein (TDP-43) - positive cytoplasmic inclusions. The distribution of cytopathology and neuronal loss in patients is variable and this variability is directly related to phenotypic variability. Key regulators of phenotypic variability in ALS have not been determined. The functional decrement of TDP-43, and region-specific neuronal susceptibility to ALS, may be involved. Due to the selective vulnerability among different neuronal systems, lesions are multicentric, region-oriented, and progress at different rates. They may vary from patient to patient, which may be linked to the clinicopathological variability across patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Couratier
- Service de neurologie, centre de référence maladies rares SLA et autres maladies du neurone moteur, CHU de Limoges, Limoges, France; Inserm, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, université de Limoges, CHU de Limoges, Limoges, France; Fédération des Centres SLA de Limoges et Tours, Litorals, Limoges, France.
| | - G Lautrette
- Service de neurologie, centre de référence maladies rares SLA et autres maladies du neurone moteur, CHU de Limoges, Limoges, France; Fédération des Centres SLA de Limoges et Tours, Litorals, Limoges, France
| | - J A Luna
- Inserm, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, université de Limoges, CHU de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - P Corcia
- Fédération des Centres SLA de Limoges et Tours, Litorals, Limoges, France; Centre de référence maladies rares SLA et autres maladies du neurone moteur, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France
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Clinical Determinants of Disease Progression in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081623. [PMID: 33921250 PMCID: PMC8069893 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that is ultimately fatal but characterized by substantial phenotypic heterogeneity, which is known to impact long-term course and survival. This study investigated clinical determinants of disease progression and outcome in a large cohort of patients with ALS. Methods: Retrospective analysis included comprehensive data from 625 patients who attended a tertiary ALS centre at least twice. Patients were stratified according to five distinct clinical phenotypes: classical ALS; bulbar ALS; ALS with frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD); upper motor neuron predominant (UMNP); and lower motor neuron predominant (LMNP). Results: This study confirmed higher age at symptom onset, shorter latency to diagnosis and more rapid decline in the revised ALS Functional Rating Scale sum score as predictors of poor prognosis. Hazard ratios for shorter survival were higher in patients with ALS-FTD versus classical ALS, and in patients with versus without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Mean survival was longest in the UMNP phenotype group. Conclusions: This study confirmed established predictors of shorter survival in ALS and showed that concomitant COPD in particular relates to poor outcome.
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Hodzic R, Piric N, Zukic S, Cickusic A. Coexistence of myasthenia gravis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a Bosnian male: an unusual clinical presentation. ACTA MYOLOGICA : MYOPATHIES AND CARDIOMYOPATHIES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SOCIETY OF MYOLOGY 2021; 40:66-68. [PMID: 33870098 PMCID: PMC8033427 DOI: 10.36185/2532-1900-044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Myasthenia gravis (MG) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are two different diseases. The coexistence of both of them is extremely rare and represents a diagnostic challenge which requires thoughtful interpretation of clinical characteristics. Case report We present the case of a 46-year-old Bosnian male who developed ALS five months after MG. Diagnosis of MG was based on elevated titers of anti-AchR antibodies, positive edrophonium test, and decremental responses on a repetitive nerve stimulation test while the diagnosis of ALS was based on clinical and neurophysiological findings: upper motor neuron signs in the lumbar region, lower motor neuron signs in the bulbar and cervical regions, generalized fasciculations and muscle atrophy and progressive asymetric muscle weakness together with active and chronic denervation in the cervical and lumbosacral region determined by electromyoneurography. Conclusions The coexistence of MG and ALS is rare and request an adequate interpretation of clinical symptoms. The relationship between these two diseases in as interesting phenomen to present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Hodzic
- Department of Neurology, University Clinical Centre Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nermina Piric
- Department of Neurology, University Clinical Centre Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sanela Zukic
- Department of Neurology, University Clinical Centre Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amela Cickusic
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Clinical Centre Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Bayesian Network as a Decision Tool for Predicting ALS Disease. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020150. [PMID: 33498784 PMCID: PMC7912628 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is difficult in the early period. But blood tests are less time consuming and low cost methods compared to other methods for the diagnosis. The ALS researchers have been used machine learning methods to predict the genetic architecture of disease. In this study we take advantages of Bayesian networks and machine learning methods to predict the ALS patients with blood plasma protein level and independent personal features. According to the comparison results, Bayesian Networks produced best results with accuracy (0.887), area under the curve (AUC) (0.970) and other comparison metrics. We confirmed that sex and age are effective variables on the ALS. In addition, we found that the probability of onset involvement in the ALS patients is very high. Also, a person’s other chronic or neurological diseases are associated with the ALS disease. Finally, we confirmed that the Parkin level may also have an effect on the ALS disease. While this protein is at very low levels in Parkinson’s patients, it is higher in the ALS patients than all control groups.
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Tahta A, Turgut YB, Sahin C. Malnutrition Essentials for Neurologists and Neurosurgeons: A Review of the Literature. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMalnutrition still causes deaths in the world today and protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is characterized by increased oxidative stress, immune deficiency, and development of various infections. Even today, however, it is an underrecognized and undertreated entity in neurology and neurosurgery. In this article, we therefore seek to review the available literature regarding various factors affecting surgical outcome of children with malnutrition undergoing some neurosurgical interventions including shunt surgery and traumatic brain injury in intensive care unit, in addition to its effects upon oxidative stress status and immunity. Furthermore, we attempt to provide essential knowledge of malnutrition affecting surgical outcome of patients with PEM. Based on available evidence in the published literature, it is concluded that it is a serious public health problem characterized by increased oxidative stress, immune deficiency, and development of various infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alican Tahta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasar B. Turgut
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Cem Sahin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
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Yanagihashi M, Sugisawa T, Fuchimoto M, Saotome Y, Onozawa K, Matsumoto Y, Bokuda K, Ebina J, Shibukawa M, Hirayama T, Murakami Y, Washizawa N, Ebihara S, Kano O. Contradictory Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients and Their Families and Caregivers in Japan. Intern Med 2021; 60:1519-1524. [PMID: 33994445 PMCID: PMC8188022 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.6810-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in a shortage of medical resources, including ventilators, personal protective equipment, medical staff, and hospital beds. We investigated the impact of COVID-19 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, their families, caregivers, and medical experts. Methods We conducted a nationwide ALS webinar about COVID-19 in May 2020 and sent a questionnaire to those enrolled. Results A total of 135 participants (31 ALS patients; 23 families and caregivers of ALS patients; 81 medical experts) responded to this cross-sectional self-report questionnaire. The results showed that tracheostomy and invasive ventilation (TIV) was used in 22.6% of ALS patients, whereas 77.4% of ALS patients were not under TIV. Among non-TIV patients (n=24), 79.2% did not want TIV in the future. However, 47.4% of non-TIV patients not wanting a tracheostomy in advanced stages replied that they would want an emergency tracheostomy if they developed COVID-19-related pneumonia. These results suggest that ALS patients may be receptive to emergency treatments for reasons other than ALS. In addition, approximately half of the ALS patients agreed with the policy of not ventilating the elderly or ALS patients in case of a ventilator shortage. Furthermore, compared with medical experts, few ALS patients reported that the chance for ALS patients to obtain work was higher due to the increasing availability of remote work. Conclusions This survey indicates that the COVID-19 pandemic might be associated with increased distress about access to care and work, inducing contradictory responses and potential hopelessness among ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatsuki Sugisawa
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masaaki Fuchimoto
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Japan
| | - Yuuichi Saotome
- Nutrition Therapy Center, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Japan
| | - Keiko Onozawa
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Japan
| | - Yukinori Matsumoto
- Department of Community Medical Support Center, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Japan
| | - Kota Bokuda
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Japan
| | - Junya Ebina
- Department of Neurology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Mari Shibukawa
- Department of Neurology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Yoshitaka Murakami
- Department of Medical Statistics, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Naohiro Washizawa
- Nutrition Therapy Center, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Japan
| | - Satoru Ebihara
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Osamu Kano
- Department of Neurology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
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22
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Kotanen P, Kreivi HR, Vainionpää A, Laaksovirta H, Brander P, Siirala W. Home invasive mechanical ventilation in Finland in 2015-2019. ERJ Open Res 2020; 6:00223-2020. [PMID: 33263031 PMCID: PMC7682663 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00223-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of long-term invasive mechanical ventilation via tracheostomy in chronic respiratory insufficiency is largely unknown. We aimed to clarify prevalence and aetiology of the use of home invasive mechanical ventilation (HIMV) in Finland in 2015-2019. METHODS Information on HIMV patients was collected yearly from all Finnish Hospital District patient registries between 1 January 2015 and 1 January 2019. Data included underlying diagnosis, time from diagnosis to HIMV initiation, treatment length, mortality and basic sociodemographic data. RESULTS In 2015, we had 107 HIMV patients. During the follow-up we received 34 new patients (24.1%) and 46 patients (32.6%) died. In 2019, we had 95 HIMV patients and the prevalence in Finland was 2.0 in 100 000. The most common diagnoses were motor neurone disease (29.1%) and spinal cord injuries (19.9%). Mean duration of HIMV among all patients on 1 January 2019 was 12.3 years and among deceased patients, 11.2 years. Treatment durations ranged from 7.7 years for motor neurone disease patients to 47.3 years for post-polio syndrome patients. Most patients (81.6%) used HIMV 24 h·day-1. CONCLUSIONS HIMV is a rare, long-lasting treatment, most often used in chronic hypoventilation caused by chronic neurological disease. Based on our 4 year follow-up the prevalence of HIMV seems to be diminishing in Finland. Treatment duration and survival vary greatly depending on the underlying diagnosis. Most of the patients were totally dependent on HIMV, requiring 24-h care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kotanen
- HUH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Doctoral Programme in Clinical Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna-Riikka Kreivi
- HUH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki Vainionpää
- Department of Rehabilitation, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Hannu Laaksovirta
- HUH Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkko Brander
- HUH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Waltteri Siirala
- Dept of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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23
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Everett EA, Pedowitz E, Maiser S, Cohen J, Besbris J, Mehta AK, Chi L, Jones CA. Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. J Palliat Med 2020; 23:842-847. [DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2020.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elyse A. Everett
- John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Elizabeth Pedowitz
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Samuel Maiser
- Department of Neurology, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joss Cohen
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jessica Besbris
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Supportive Care Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ambereen K. Mehta
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Luqi Chi
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher A. Jones
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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24
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Hayashi N, Atsuta N, Yokoi D, Nakamura R, Nakatochi M, Katsuno M, Izumi Y, Kanai K, Hattori N, Taniguchi A, Morita M, Kano O, Shibuya K, Kuwabara S, Suzuki N, Aoki M, Aiba I, Mizoguchi K, Oda M, Kaji R, Sobue G. Prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients undergoing tracheostomy invasive ventilation therapy in Japan. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 91:285-290. [PMID: 31937581 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-322213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to describe and clarify the factors affecting the prognosis of Japanese patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) undergoing tracheostomy invasive ventilation (TIV) therapy. METHODS We conducted a prospective longitudinal observational case-control study using a multicentre registry. ALS patients who started TIV therapy after registration (TIV group) and those who did not receive TIV (non-TIV group) were included. We compared the survival time between the TIV group and the non-TIV group using a propensity score matching analysis and evaluated the prognostic factors in the TIV group. RESULTS From February 2006 to January 2018, 190 patients in the TIV group and 1093 patients in the non-TIV group were included in this study. The mean age of disease onset and usage rate of gastrostomy and non-invasive ventilation therapy differed between the groups. In the propensity score matching analysis using known prognostic factors, the median overall survival time of the TIV group was significantly greater than that of the non-TIV group (11.33 years vs 4.61 years; p<0.001). Analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model suggested that older age of onset and respiratory onset was an independent factor for poor prognosis after starting TIV therapy. CONCLUSION We showed that there was a significant difference of approximately 7 years in life expectancy between Japanese ALS patients who did and did not receive TIV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Hayashi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Atsuta
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daichi Yokoi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Data Science Division, Data Coordinating Center, Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuishin Izumi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kanai
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Taniguchi
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Mitsuya Morita
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shomotsuke, Japan
| | - Osamu Kano
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Shibuya
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuwabara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ikuko Aiba
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Higashinagoya National Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kouichi Mizoguchi
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Shizuoka Medical Center, Shimizu-cho, Japan
| | - Masaya Oda
- Department of Neurology, Mifukai Vihara Hananosato Hospital, Miyoshi, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kaji
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan .,Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
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25
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Abstract
Locked-in syndrome (LIS) is characterized by an inability to move or speak in the presence of intact cognition and can be caused by brainstem trauma or neuromuscular disease. Quality of life (QoL) in LIS is strongly impaired by the inability to communicate, which cannot always be remedied by traditional augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) solutions if residual muscle activity is insufficient to control the AAC device. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) may offer a solution by employing the person's neural signals instead of relying on muscle activity. Here, we review the latest communication BCI research using noninvasive signal acquisition approaches (electroencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, functional near-infrared spectroscopy) and subdural and intracortical implanted electrodes, and we discuss current efforts to translate research knowledge into usable BCI-enabled communication solutions that aim to improve the QoL of individuals with LIS.
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26
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Takeda T, Kitagawa K, Arai K. Phenotypic variability and its pathological basis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuropathology 2019; 40:40-56. [PMID: 31802540 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by its inherent clinicopathological variability. The concurrence of upper and lower motor neuron signs is a common feature in the majority of patients with ALS. However, some patients manifest an atypical clinical course, with only upper or lower motor neuron signs, or various extra-motor symptoms including cognitive dysfunction, parkinsonism, autonomic dysfunction, or ophthalmoparesis. This variability indicates different manifestations of ALS and is reflected by ALS pathology spreading into the central nervous system. The presence of cytoplasmic inclusions positive for transactivation response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) is a key feature in ALS. Loss of TDP-43 from the nucleus and its subsequent aggregation in the cytoplasm may occur in susceptible regions and may be associated with neuronal loss. However, in some regions, there is no apparent neuronal loss while TDP-43 accumulation is evident; in contrast, in other regions, neuronal loss is apparent without any evidence of TDP-43 accumulation. Therefore, in addition to TDP-43 dysfunction, underlying region-specific cellular vulnerability may exist in the upper and lower motor neurons and frontotemporal system in patients with ALS. The microscopic discrepancy and selective vulnerability may be linked to the macroscopic propensities of the sites of onset, and may also determine the direction and rate of progression of the lesions. Thus, there may be multicentric sites of onset, region-oriented disease development, and different speeds of disease progression across patients with ALS. ALS lesions occur in motor-related areas but may spread to neighboring areas. However, since lesions may spread in a discontinuous manner, and the dynamics of disease propagation have not been able to be identified, it remains controversial whether the stepwise appearance of TDP-43-positive inclusions is based on direct cell-to-cell protein propagation. Further understanding of the phenotypic variability of ALS and its pathological basis may serve as a guide for investigating the underlying pathogenesis of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Takeda
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Chibahigashi National Hospital, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kitagawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimihito Arai
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Chibahigashi National Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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27
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Body weight variation predicts disease progression after invasive ventilation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12262. [PMID: 31439899 PMCID: PMC6706382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48831-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight loss is an independent predictor of survival in the early stages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the effects of weight variations on the functional prognosis after tracheostomy and invasive ventilation (TIV) in ALS remain unknown. This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the relationship between weight loss before TIV and disease progression after TIV in ALS patients. Sixty ALS patients with TIV were enrolled and classified into subgroups based on the rate of decline in body mass index, from onset to TIV utilization (ΔBMI). During follow-up, we assessed the patients for presence of communication impairments, ophthalmoplegia, total quadriplegia, mouth opening disability, and dysuria. We analyzed the relationship between ΔBMI and the communication stage or motor disabilities. The log-rank test showed that patients with a ΔBMI ≥ 1.7 kg/m2/year showed a shorter period of preserved communication ability (p = 0.0001), shorter time to develop ophthalmoplegia (p = 0.0001), total quadriplegia (p < 0.0001), mouth opening disability (p < 0.0001), and dysuria (p = 0.0455). Cox multivariate analyses showed that a larger ΔBMI was an independent prognostic factor for the early development of ophthalmoplegia (p = 0.0400) and total quadriplegia (p = 0.0445). Weight loss in the early stages of ALS predicts disease progression in patients with advanced stages of ALS using TIV.
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28
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Xu HL, Su QN, Shang XJ, Sikandar A, Lin MT, Wang N, Lin H, Gan SR. The influence of initial symptoms on phenotypes in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00719. [PMID: 31124318 PMCID: PMC6625145 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a rare, inherited form of ataxia that leads to progressive neurodegeneration. The initial symptoms could affect clinical phenotypes in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the contribution of initial symptoms to the phenotypes of SCA3 has been scarcely investigated. Methods In the present study, 143 SCA3 patients from China were recruited and divided into two groups of gait‐onset and non‐gait‐onset. For determining the influences of initial symptoms on age at onset (AAO), the severity and progression of ataxia, and the possible factors affecting the initial symptoms, multivariable linear regression, and multivariate logistic regression were performed. Results We found that the frequency of gait‐onset was 87.41%, and the frequency of non‐gait‐onset was 12.59% (diplopia: 7.69%, dysarthria: 4.20%, dystonia: 0.70%). Compared to the non‐gait‐onset group, the gait‐onset group had significantly more severe ataxia (p = 0.046), while the initial symptoms had no effect on AAO (p = 0.109) and progression of ataxia (p = 0.265). We failed to find the existence of any factors affecting initial symptoms. Conclusion These findings collectively suggested that initial symptoms influenced phenotypes in SCA3 and that neurodegeneration in different parts of brain may induce different disease severity in SCA3. To investigate the contribution of initial symptoms to the phenotypes of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), 143 SCA3 patients from China were recruited and divided into two groups of gait‐onset and non‐gait‐onset. We found that compared to the group of non‐gait‐onset, the group of gait‐onset had significantly more severe ataxia. Our finding suggested that initial symptoms influenced phenotypes in SCA3 and that neurodegeneration in different parts of brain may induce different severity in SCA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ling Xu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Ni Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xian-Jin Shang
- Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Arif Sikandar
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Min-Ting Lin
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shi-Rui Gan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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29
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Prognostic factors in ALS: a comparison between Germany and China. J Neurol 2019; 266:1516-1525. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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30
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Logroscino G, Piccininni M, Marin B, Nichols E, Abd-Allah F, Abdelalim A, Alahdab F, Asgedom SW, Awasthi A, Chaiah Y, Daryani A, Do HP, Dubey M, Elbaz A, Eskandarieh S, Farhadi F, Farzadfar F, Fereshtehnejad SM, Fernandes E, Filip I, Foreman KJ, Gebre AK, Gnedovskaya EV, Hamidi S, Hay SI, Irvani SSN, Ji JS, Kasaeian A, Kim YJ, Mantovani LG, Mashamba-Thompson TP, Mehndiratta MM, Mokdad AH, Nagel G, Nguyen TH, Nixon MR, Olagunju AT, Owolabi MO, Piradov MA, Qorbani M, Radfar A, Reiner RC, Sahraian MA, Sarvi S, Sharif M, Temsah O, Tran BX, Truong NT, Venketasubramanian N, Winkler AS, Yimer EM, Feigin VL, Vos T, Murray CJL. Global, regional, and national burden of motor neuron diseases 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol 2018; 17:1083-1097. [PMID: 30409709 PMCID: PMC6234315 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how prevalence, incidence, and mortality of motor neuron diseases change over time and by location is crucial for understanding the causes of these disorders and for health-care planning. Our aim was to produce estimates of incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for motor neuron diseases for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016 as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016. METHODS The motor neuron diseases included in this study were amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy, hereditary spastic paraplegia, primary lateral sclerosis, progressive muscular atrophy, and pseudobulbar palsy. Incidence, prevalence, and DALYs were estimated using a Bayesian meta-regression model. We analysed 14 165 site-years of vital registration cause of death data using the GBD 2016 cause of death ensemble model. The 84 risk factors quantified in GBD 2016 were tested for an association with incidence or death from motor neuron diseases. We also explored the relationship between Socio-demographic Index (SDI; a compound measure of income per capita, education, and fertility) and age-standardised DALYs of motor neuron diseases. FINDINGS In 2016, globally, 330 918 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 299 522-367 254) individuals had a motor neuron disease. Motor neuron diseases have caused 926 090 (881 566-961 758) DALYs and 34 325 (33 051-35 364) deaths in 2016. The worldwide all-age prevalence was 4·5 (4·1-5·0) per 100 000 people, with an increase in age-standardised prevalence of 4·5% (3·4-5·7) over the study period. The all-age incidence was 0·78 (95% UI 0·71-0·86) per 100 000 person-years. No risk factor analysed in GBD showed an association with motor neuron disease incidence. The largest age-standardised prevalence was in high SDI regions: high-income North America (16·8, 95% UI 15·8-16·9), Australasia (14·7, 13·5-16·1), and western Europe (12·9, 11·7-14·1). However, the prevalence and incidence were lower than expected based on SDI in high-income Asia Pacific. INTERPRETATION Motor neuron diseases have low prevalence and incidence, but cause severe disability with a high fatality rate. Incidence of motor neuron diseases has geographical heterogeneity, which is not explained by any risk factors quantified in GBD, suggesting other unmeasured risk factors might have a role. Between 1990 and 2016, the burden of motor neuron diseases has increased substantially. The estimates presented here, as well as future estimates based on data from a greater number of countries, will be important in the planning of services for people with motor neuron diseases worldwide. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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31
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Masuda M, Watanabe H, Tanaka Y, Ohdake R, Ogura A, Yokoi T, Imai K, Kawabata K, Riku Y, Hara K, Nakamura R, Atsuta N, Katsuno M, Sobue G. Age-related impairment in Addenbrooke's cognitive examination revised scores in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2018; 19:578-584. [PMID: 30379106 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2018.1510009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Older age is thought to be a risk factor for cognitive impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, very few clinical studies have investigated this relationship using sufficient numbers of healthy controls that correspond to each generation. The purpose of this study was to determine the age-related changes of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) score in ALS patients by comparing healthy controls of various ages. METHODS 131 ALS patients (86 males, 45 females; mean age: 64.8 ± 10.2; mean education: 12.5 ± 2.7) and 151 age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy controls were enrolled. We applied ACE-R, which could evaluate not only global cognition but five cognitive subdomains that included orientation/attention, memory, verbal fluency, language, and visuospatial ability. RESULTS ALS patients had significantly lower total and subdomain scores of ACE-R than healthy controls. Multiple regression analysis suggested that age at examination and age at onset had significant influence on ACE-R scores. When we divided ALS patients and healthy controls into 4 groups according to age at examination for ALS, total and each subdomain scores were significantly lower with age, particularly in the older-middle and the oldest group (66.31 years or more) of ALS compared with healthy controls. Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing analysis supported that these reductions of ACE-R total and subdomain scores in ALS patients were more accelerated by approximately 60 years as compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSION ALS patients showed accelerated age-related ACE-R score reduction beyond normal ageing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihito Masuda
- a Department of Neurology , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Hirohisa Watanabe
- a Department of Neurology , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan.,b Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tanaka
- a Department of Neurology , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan.,b Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Reiko Ohdake
- b Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Aya Ogura
- a Department of Neurology , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Takamasa Yokoi
- a Department of Neurology , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Kazunori Imai
- a Department of Neurology , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Kazuya Kawabata
- a Department of Neurology , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Yuichi Riku
- a Department of Neurology , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hara
- a Department of Neurology , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Ryoichi Nakamura
- a Department of Neurology , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Naoki Atsuta
- a Department of Neurology , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- a Department of Neurology , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- b Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
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32
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Ito J, Shimada T, Tada M, Shimizu H, Wakabayashi M, Yokoseki A, Onodera O, Takahashi H, Kakita A. Clinicopathologic Features of Two Patients With Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Who Maintained Communication Ability for Over 30 Years. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2018; 77:981-986. [PMID: 30239892 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the clinicopathologic features of 2 unrelated patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS) supported by tracheostomy and invasive ventilation (TIV) who were able to maintain communication ability for more than 30 years after disease onset. In both cases, the age at onset was younger than the mean, initially the progression of muscle weakness was consistent with that in the majority of SALS patients, and TIV became necessary several years after disease onset. Thereafter, however, their neurologic deterioration slowed and the patients were able to operate computers by facial movements for several decades. At autopsy, neuronal loss appeared to be confined to the motor neuron system. Furthermore, while Betz cells and lower motor neurons in the spinal anterior horns and hypoglossal nucleus were severely depleted, other pyramidal neurons in the motor cortex, and lower motor neurons in the other brainstem motor nuclei were retained. Neuronal and glial cytoplasmic inclusions immunoreactive for phosphorylated 43-kDa TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) were evident in the CNS, but in extremely small numbers. The present patients may represent a distinct subgroup of patients with SALS who are able to maintain communication ability for an extremely long period, accompanied by very mild TDP-43 pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tetsuro Shimada
- Undergraduate Course, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Akio Yokoseki
- Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Osamu Onodera
- Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Takei K, Tsuda K, Takahashi F, Hirai M, Palumbo J. An assessment of treatment guidelines, clinical practices, demographics, and progression of disease among patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Japan, the United States, and Europe. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2018; 18:88-97. [PMID: 28872912 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2017.1361445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing clinical research focus on neuroprotective agents in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, it is unclear how generalisable clinical study trial results are between different countries and regions. OBJECTIVE To assess similarities and differences in clinical practice and treatment guidelines for ALS, and also to compare the demographics and rate of progression of disease in patients with ALS enrolled in clinical trials in Japan, the US, and Europe. METHODS We performed a review of clinical studies published since 2000 to compare the demographics and characteristics of patients with ALS. Progression of ALS disease was assessed in patients receiving placebo. The changes per month in ALSFRS-R score were calculated and compared between the studies. RESULTS Overall, diagnostic criteria, recognition of ALS symptoms, comorbidities, use of riluzole, and nutritional, and respiratory support were similar. Regarding demographics and characteristics, there were no clear differences in the incidence of sporadic ALS (range 91-98%), bulbar onset (range 11-41%), and median time from onset to diagnosis (range 9-14 months) among the populations despite the difference in race between regions. However, use of tracheostomy-based invasive respiratory support was higher in Japan (29-38%) than in the US (4%) and Europe (1-31%). Rate of progression of disease was similar between the US and Europe study populations (range -0.89 to -1.60 points/month), and the Japanese study populations (range -1.03 to -1.21 points/month). CONCLUSION There is evidence to support the generalisability of data from the Japanese ALS trial experience to the US and Europe populations in early to mid-stage of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Takei
- a Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Development America Inc. , Jersey City , NJ , USA and
| | - Kikumi Tsuda
- a Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Development America Inc. , Jersey City , NJ , USA and
| | | | - Manabu Hirai
- b Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Joseph Palumbo
- a Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Development America Inc. , Jersey City , NJ , USA and.,b Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation , Tokyo , Japan
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Ning P, Yang X, Yang B, Zhao Q, Huang H, An R, Chen Y, Hu F, Xu Z, Xu Y. Meta-analysis of the association between ZNF512B polymorphism rs2275294 and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurol Sci 2018; 39:1261-1266. [PMID: 29713939 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the most common motor neuron disease, appears to result from the combination of genetic and environmental factors. Whether the rs2275294 polymorphism in the ZNF512B gene influences ALS risk is controversial. We meta-analysed the association between rs2275294 and ALS risk based on evidence published in the PubMed database. Five case-control studies involving 2559 patients with sporadic ALS and 5740 controls were analysed. Based on random-effects meta-analysis, the polymorphism rs2275294 was associated with increased risk of ALS disease in an allele model (C vs. T: OR 1.222, 95%CI 1.057 to 1.414, p = 0.007). The available evidence suggests that the ZNF512B polymorphism rs2275294 is associated with ALS risk. These results should be validated in large, well-designed studies, especially in non-Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Ning
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinglong Yang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Change Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiyuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanzhen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran An
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalan Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Fayun Hu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuping Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanming Xu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Tohnai G, Nakamura R, Sone J, Nakatochi M, Yokoi D, Katsuno M, Watanabe H, Watanabe H, Ito M, Li Y, Izumi Y, Morita M, Taniguchi A, Kano O, Oda M, Kuwabara S, Abe K, Aiba I, Okamoto K, Mizoguchi K, Hasegawa K, Aoki M, Hattori N, Onodera O, Naruse H, Mitsui J, Takahashi Y, Goto J, Ishiura H, Morishita S, Yoshimura J, Doi K, Tsuji S, Nakashima K, Kaji R, Atsuta N, Sobue G. Frequency and characteristics of the TBK1 gene variants in Japanese patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 64:158.e15-158.e19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Phenotypic differences of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in China and Germany. J Neurol 2018; 265:774-782. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-8735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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ESPEN guideline clinical nutrition in neurology. Clin Nutr 2018; 37:354-396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Motor Neuron Diseases (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis). Neuromuscul Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5361-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nakayama Y, Shimizu T, Matsuda C, Haraguchi M, Hayashi K, Mochizuki Y, Nagao M, Kawata A, Isozaki E. Non-motor manifestations in ALS patients with tracheostomy and invasive ventilation. Muscle Nerve 2017; 57:735-741. [PMID: 29105161 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate non-motor manifestations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with tracheostomy and invasive ventilation (TIV) and their relevance to disease progression. METHODS Sixty-seven ALS patients with TIV were enrolled, and followed-up prospectively. The patients were classified at the final evaluation into two subgroups according to the duration of TIV use or disease stage measured by communication impairment. We identified non-motor manifestations and investigated their frequencies and differences across the stages. RESULTS The non-motor manifestations were macroglossia (22.4%), unstable blood pressure (38.8%), hypothermia (26.9%), dysuria (50.7%), and hyperglycemia (12.1%). These manifestations occurred significantly more frequently in patients with TIV ≥5 years than in patients with TIV <5 years, and more in patients with severe communication impairment than in those with preserved communication ability. DISCUSSION Non-motor manifestations are observed at a high rate in ALS patients with TIV, and are possibly related to disease progression. Muscle Nerve 57: 735-741, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakayama
- ALS Nursing Care Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Shimizu
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiharu Matsuda
- ALS Nursing Care Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Haraguchi
- ALS Nursing Care Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hayashi
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Kita Medical and Rehabilitation Center for the Disabled, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nagao
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kawata
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Isozaki
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Odachi K, Narita Y, Machino Y, Yamada T, Nishimura Y, Ota Y, Tamaru S, Tomimoto H. Efficacy of transdermal scopolamine for sialorrhea in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. COGENT MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2017.1365401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyomi Odachi
- Department of Neurology, Matsusaka Central General Hospital, 102, Kawai-Machi-Komou, Matsusaka City, Mie 515-8566, Japan
| | - Yugo Narita
- Department of Nursing, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yuka Machino
- Department of Neurology, National Mie Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yamada
- Department of Medical Innovation, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishimura
- Clinical Research Support Center, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ota
- Clinical Research Support Center, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tamaru
- Clinical Research Support Center, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tomimoto
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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Hamidou B, Marin B, Lautrette G, Nicol M, Camu W, Corcia P, Arnes-Bes MC, Tranchant C, Clavelou P, Hannequin D, Maurice G, Beauvais K, Antoine JC, Danel-Brunaud V, Viader F, Preux PM, Couratier P. Exploring the diagnosis delay and ALS functional impairment at diagnosis as relevant criteria for clinical trial enrolment*. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2017; 18:519-527. [DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2017.1353098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bello Hamidou
- INSERM UMR1094, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Limoges, France,
- Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médicine, Institut d'Epidémiologie neurologique et Neurologie Tropicale, CNRS FR 3503 GEIST, Limoges, France,
| | - Benoit Marin
- INSERM UMR1094, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Limoges, France,
- Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médicine, Institut d'Epidémiologie neurologique et Neurologie Tropicale, CNRS FR 3503 GEIST, Limoges, France,
- CHU Limoges, Centre d’Epidémiologie de Biostatistique et de Méthodologie de la Recherche, Limoges, France,
| | | | - Marie Nicol
- INSERM UMR1094, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Limoges, France,
- CHU Limoges, Service de Neurologie, Centre SLA, Limoges, France,
| | - William Camu
- Centre SLA de Montpellier - Service de Neurologie, CHRU de Montpellier - Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France,
| | - Philippe Corcia
- Centre SLA de Tours - Service de Neurologie, CHRU de Tours - Hôpital Bretonneau, Tours, France,
| | - Marie-Christine Arnes-Bes
- Centre SLA de Toulouse - Service de neurologie et d'explorations fonctionnelles, Pôle Neurosciences, Hall B - 3e étage, CHU de Toulouse - Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Toulouse, France,
| | - Christine Tranchant
- Centre SLA de Strasbourg - Hôpital de jour – Neurologie Pôle tête-cou/CETD, CHU de Strasbourg - Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France,
| | - Pierre Clavelou
- Centre SLA de Clermont-FD - Service de neurologie, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand - Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France,
| | - Didier Hannequin
- Centre SLA de Rouen - Centre national de référence pour les malades Alzheimer jeunes - Centre Mémoire de Ressource et Recherches, Département de neurologie - Unité de neuropsychologie, CHU de Rouen - Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France,
| | - Giroud Maurice
- Centre SLA de Dijon - Neurologie Générale, Vasculaire et Dégénérative, CHU de Dijon Hôpital le BOCAGE, Limoges, France,
| | - Katell Beauvais
- Centre SLA de Dijon - Service de Neurophysiologie clinique, CHU Dijon Bourgogne - Hôpital François Mitterrand, Limoges, France,
| | - Jean-Christophe Antoine
- Centre SLA de Saint-Etienne - Service de Neurologie CHU de Saint-Etienne - Hôpital Nord, Saint-Etienne, France,
| | - Véronique Danel-Brunaud
- Centre SLA de Lille - Service de neurologie A, Pôle Neurosciences et Appareil Locomoteur, CHRU de Lille - Hôpital Roger Salengro, Lille, France,
| | - Fausto Viader
- Centre SLA de Caen - Service de neurologie, CHU de Caen - Hôpital de la Côte, Caen, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Preux
- INSERM UMR1094, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Limoges, France,
- Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médicine, Institut d'Epidémiologie neurologique et Neurologie Tropicale, CNRS FR 3503 GEIST, Limoges, France,
- CHU Limoges, Centre d’Epidémiologie de Biostatistique et de Méthodologie de la Recherche, Limoges, France,
| | - Philippe Couratier
- INSERM UMR1094, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Limoges, France,
- Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médicine, Institut d'Epidémiologie neurologique et Neurologie Tropicale, CNRS FR 3503 GEIST, Limoges, France,
- CHU Limoges, Service de Neurologie, Centre SLA, Limoges, France,
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Pels EGM, Aarnoutse EJ, Ramsey NF, Vansteensel MJ. Estimated Prevalence of the Target Population for Brain-Computer Interface Neurotechnology in the Netherlands. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2017; 31:677-685. [PMID: 28639486 PMCID: PMC6396873 DOI: 10.1177/1545968317714577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People who suffer from paralysis have difficulties participating in society. Particularly burdensome is the locked-in syndrome (LIS). LIS patients are not able to move and speak but are cognitively healthy. They rely on assistive technology to interact with the world and may benefit from neurotechnological advances. Optimal research and design of such aids requires a well-defined target population. However, the LIS population is poorly characterized and the number of patients in this condition is unknown. OBJECTIVE Here we estimated and described the LIS patient population in the Netherlands to define the target population for assistive (neuro)technology. METHODS We asked physicians in the Netherlands if they had patients suffering from severe paralysis and communication problems in their files. Physicians responding affirmatively were asked to fill out a questionnaire on the patients' status. RESULTS We sent out 9570 letters to general practitioners (GPs), who reported 83 patients. After first screening, the GPs of 46 patients received the questionnaire. Based on the responses, 26 patients were classified as having LIS. Extrapolation of these numbers resulted in a prevalence of 0.73 patients per 100 000 inhabitants. Notable results from the questionnaire were the percentage of patients with neuromuscular disease (>50%) and living at home (>70%). CONCLUSIONS We revealed an etiologically diverse group of LIS patients. The functioning and needs of these patients were, however, similar and many relied on assistive technology. By characterizing the LIS population, our study may contribute to optimal development of assistive (neuro)technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmar G M Pels
- 1 Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Erik J Aarnoutse
- 1 Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nick F Ramsey
- 1 Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mariska J Vansteensel
- 1 Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Trends in Research Literature Describing Dysphagia in Motor Neuron Diseases (MND): A Scoping Review. Dysphagia 2017; 32:734-747. [PMID: 28664472 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-017-9819-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dysphagia in motor neuron diseases (MNDs) is highly complex, affecting all stages of swallowing and leading to impaired swallowing safety and efficiency. In order to explore the degree to which research is capturing the symptom of dysphagia in MND, we conducted a scoping review of the existing literature. The primary aims of this review were to identify common themes within the literature on dysphagia in MND, explore patterns and trends in research focus, and identify if any imbalances exist between the research themes related to dysphagia description and management. A comprehensive search strategy yielded 1690 unique articles for review. Following relevance screening, a total of 157 articles were included in the synthesis. Relevant data and keywords were extracted from each article and grouped into themes. Frequency estimates were calculated for each theme to identify trends across research literature. Swallowing impairment in MNDs is described in a variety of ways across current research. The most commonly reported theme was Aspiration/Penetration, mentioned in 73.2% of all included articles; a significant imbalance was identified between reports of swallowing safety and efficiency (p = 0.008). The most frequently reported theme related to dysphagia management was Enteral Nutrition, and very few studies have reported on the efficacy of Rehabilitation/Compensatory recommendations. It is suggested that researchers and clinicians remain mindful of imbalances and gaps in research, and aim to characterize dysphagia in MNDs in a comprehensive manner. Further research investigating discrete, measureable changes in swallowing pathophysiology would be beneficial to delineate the key factors contributing to impaired swallowing safety and efficiency.
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Hendriksz CJ, Anheim M, Bauer P, Bonnot O, Chakrapani A, Corvol JC, de Koning TJ, Degtyareva A, Dionisi-Vici C, Doss S, Duning T, Giunti P, Iodice R, Johnston T, Kelly D, Klünemann HH, Lorenzl S, Padovani A, Pocovi M, Synofzik M, Terblanche A, Then Bergh F, Topçu M, Tranchant C, Walterfang M, Velten C, Kolb SA. The hidden Niemann-Pick type C patient: clinical niches for a rare inherited metabolic disease. Curr Med Res Opin 2017; 33:877-890. [PMID: 28276873 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2017.1294054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) is a rare, inherited neurodegenerative disease of impaired intracellular lipid trafficking. Clinical symptoms are highly heterogeneous, including neurological, visceral, or psychiatric manifestations. The incidence of NP-C is under-estimated due to under-recognition or misdiagnosis across a wide range of medical fields. New screening and diagnostic methods provide an opportunity to improve detection of unrecognized cases in clinical sub-populations associated with a higher risk of NP-C. Patients in these at-risk groups ("clinical niches") have symptoms that are potentially related to NP-C, but go unrecognized due to other, more prevalent clinical features, and lack of awareness regarding underlying metabolic causes. METHODS Twelve potential clinical niches identified by clinical experts were evaluated based on a comprehensive, non-systematic review of literature published to date. Relevant publications were identified by targeted literature searches of EMBASE and PubMed using key search terms specific to each niche. Articles published in English or other European languages up to 2016 were included. FINDINGS Several niches were found to be relevant based on available data: movement disorders (early-onset ataxia and dystonia), organic psychosis, early-onset cholestasis/(hepato)splenomegaly, cases with relevant antenatal findings or fetal abnormalities, and patients affected by family history, consanguinity, and endogamy. Potentially relevant niches requiring further supportive data included: early-onset cognitive decline, frontotemporal dementia, parkinsonism, and chronic inflammatory CNS disease. There was relatively weak evidence to suggest amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or progressive supranuclear gaze palsy as potential niches. CONCLUSIONS Several clinical niches have been identified that harbor patients at increased risk of NP-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Hendriksz
- a Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust , Manchester , UK
- b University of Pretoria , Pretoria , South Africa
| | - Mathieu Anheim
- c University of Strasbourg , Hautepierre Hospital , Strasbourg , France
| | - Peter Bauer
- d Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Tübingen University , Tübingen, Germany
- e CENTOGENE AG , Rostock , Germany
| | | | | | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- h Sorbonne University , UPMC and Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Nervous System Diseases , Paris , France
| | | | - Anna Degtyareva
- j Federal State Budget Institution, Research Center for Obstetrics , Gynecology and Perinatology , Moscow , Russia
| | | | - Sarah Doss
- l Charite University Medicine Berlin , Department of Neurology , Berlin , Germany
| | | | - Paola Giunti
- n University College London, Institute of Neurology , London , UK
| | - Rosa Iodice
- o University Federico II Naples , Naples , Italy
| | | | | | - Hans-Hermann Klünemann
- r University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Regensburg University , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Stefan Lorenzl
- s Ludwig Maximillian University , Munich , Germany
- t Paracelus Medical University , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- u Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | | | - Matthis Synofzik
- w Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases , Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research , Tübingen, Germany
- x German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Meral Topçu
- z Hacettepe University Children's Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Stefan A Kolb
- ac Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd , Allschwil , Switzerland
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Tard C, Defebvre L, Moreau C, Devos D, Danel-Brunaud V. Clinical features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and their prognostic value. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2017; 173:263-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Shahrizaila N, Sobue G, Kuwabara S, Kim SH, Birks C, Fan DS, Bae JS, Hu CJ, Gourie-Devi M, Noto Y, Shibuya K, Goh KJ, Kaji R, Tsai CP, Cui L, Talman P, Henderson RD, Vucic S, Kiernan MC. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and motor neuron syndromes in Asia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016; 87:821-30. [PMID: 27093948 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2015-312751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While the past 2 decades have witnessed an increasing understanding of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) arising from East Asia, particularly Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and China, knowledge of ALS throughout the whole of Asia remains limited. Asia represents >50% of the world population, making it host to the largest patient cohort of ALS. Furthermore, Asia represents a diverse population in terms of ethnic, social and cultural backgrounds. In this review, an overview is presented that covers what is currently known of ALS in Asia from basic epidemiology and genetic influences, through to disease characteristics including atypical phenotypes which manifest a predilection for Asians. With the recent establishment of the Pan-Asian Consortium for Treatment and Research in ALS to facilitate collaborations between clinicians and researchers across the region, it is anticipated that Asia and the Pacific will contribute to unravelling the uncertainties in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shahrizaila
- Faculty of Medicine, Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - G Sobue
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - S Kuwabara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - S H Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Carol Birks
- International Alliance of ALS/MND Associations, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D S Fan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - J S Bae
- Department of Neurology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - C J Hu
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - M Gourie-Devi
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences (IHBAS), New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Y Noto
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Shibuya
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - K J Goh
- Faculty of Medicine, Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Kaji
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - C P Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - L Cui
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - P Talman
- Neurology Unit, Calvary Health Care, Bethlehem Hospital, Caulfield, Victoria, Australia
| | - R D Henderson
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Vucic
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, NSW and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M C Kiernan
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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47
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Kimura F. [Tracheostomy and invasive mechanical ventilation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: decision-making factors and survival analysis]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2016; 56:241-247. [PMID: 27025993 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-000837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive and/or non-invasive mechanical ventilation are most important options of respiratory management in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. METHODS We evaluated the frequency, clinical characteristics, decision-making factors about ventilation and survival analysis of 190 people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients from 1990 until 2013. RESULTS Thirty-one percentage of patients underwent tracheostomy invasive ventilation with the rate increasing more than the past 20 years. The ratio of tracheostomy invasive ventilation in patients >65 years old was significantly increased after 2000 (25%) as compared to before (10%). After 2010, the standard use of non-invasive ventilation showed a tendency to reduce the frequency of tracheostomy invasive ventilation. Mechanical ventilation prolonged median survival (75 months in tracheostomy invasive ventilation, 43 months in non-invasive ventilation vs natural course, 32 months). The life-extending effects by tracheostomy invasive ventilation were longer in younger patients ≤65 years old at the time of ventilation support than in older patients. Presence of partners and care at home were associated with better survival. Following factors related to the decision to perform tracheostomy invasive ventilation: patients ≤65 years old: greater use of non-invasive ventilation: presence of a spouse: faster tracheostomy: higher progression rate; and preserved motor functions. No patients who underwent tracheostomy invasive ventilation died from a decision to withdraw mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSION The present study provides factors related to decision-making process and survival after tracheostomy and help clinicians and family members to expand the knowledge about ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiharu Kimura
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine (I), Osaka Medical College
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Yokoi D, Atsuta N, Watanabe H, Nakamura R, Hirakawa A, Ito M, Watanabe H, Katsuno M, Izumi Y, Morita M, Taniguchi A, Oda M, Abe K, Mizoguchi K, Kano O, Kuwabara S, Kaji R, Sobue G. Age of onset differentially influences the progression of regional dysfunction in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol 2016; 263:1129-36. [PMID: 27083563 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-016-8109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The clinical courses of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) show extensive variability. Our objective was to elucidate how age of onset influences the progression of regional symptoms and functional losses in sporadic ALS. We included 648 patients with sporadic ALS from a multicenter prospective ALS cohort. We investigated the distribution of initial symptoms and analyzed the time from onset to events affecting activities of daily living (ADL) as well as the longitudinal changes in each regional functional rating score among four groups with different ages of onset. The frequencies of dysarthria and dysphagia as initial symptoms were higher in the older age groups, whereas weakness of upper limbs was the most common initial symptom in the youngest age group. The survival times and the times from onset to loss of speech and swallowing were significantly shorter in the older age group (p < 0.001), although the times from onset to loss of upper limb function were not significantly different among the age groups. According to joint modeling analysis, the bulbar score declined faster in the older age groups (<50 vs. 60-69 years: p = 0.029, <50 vs. ≥70 years: p < 0.001), whereas there was no significant correlation between the age of onset and decline in the upper limb score. Our results showed that age of onset had a significant influence on survival time and the progression of bulbar symptoms, but had no influence on upper limb function in sporadic ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Yokoi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University, 65, Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Naoki Atsuta
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University, 65, Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hazuki Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University, 65, Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirakawa
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mizuki Ito
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University, 65, Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University, 65, Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University, 65, Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuishin Izumi
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuya Morita
- Department of Neurology, Jichi Medical University, Shimono, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akira Taniguchi
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Masaya Oda
- Department of Neurology, Vihara Hananosato Hospital, Miyoshi, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koji Abe
- Department of Neurology, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kouichi Mizoguchi
- Department of Neurology, Shizuoka Fuji Hospital, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Osamu Kano
- Division on Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ryuji Kaji
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University, 65, Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
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49
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Mochizuki Y, Hayashi K, Nakayama Y, Shimizu T, Kamide M, Ogino M, Komori T, Hasegawa M, Isozaki E, Nakano I. ALS patients with ability to communicate after long-term mechanical ventilation have confined degeneration to the motor neuron system. J Neurol Sci 2016; 363:245-8. [PMID: 27000258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the position in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) spectrum, of a subgroup of patients who maintained the ability to communicate after long-term mechanical ventilation (LTMV) by tracheostomy. METHODS We undertook a clinicopathological investigation of sporadic ALS in three patients who maintained the ability to communicate after approximately 30-year survival on LTMV by tracheostomy. RESULTS The age of onset and duration of disease was 48 years and 31 years in patient 1, 55 years and 29 years in patient 2, and 31 years and 33 years in patient 3, respectively. Each patient displayed slow disease progression. In all patients, both upper and lower motor neurons were markedly degenerated, while other neuronal systems and the brainstem tegmentum were spared. A few normal-looking motor neurons remained in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. There were no TAR DNA-binding protein 43-immunoreactive inclusions in the lower motor neurons in any patient and only occasional inclusions in the cerebral cortex of one patient. CONCLUSION The clinicopathological findings of these three patients suggest that there is a distinct subgroup of ALS patients characterized by the above-mentioned features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Mochizuki
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Kita Medical and Rehabilitation Center for the Disabled, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Hayashi
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Nursing Research for Intractable Disease, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Shimizu
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kamide
- Emergency Department of Atsugi City Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mieko Ogino
- Division of Integrated Care and Whole Person Care, Department of Comprehensive Medicine, Research and Development Center for New Medical Frontiers, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Komori
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Isozaki
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Imaharu Nakano
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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50
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Stratification of ALS patients' survival: a population-based study. J Neurol 2015; 263:100-11. [PMID: 26518423 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-015-7940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The natural history of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and patient risk stratification are areas of considerable research interest. We aimed (1) to describe the survival of a representative cohort of French ALS patients, and (2) to identify covariates associated with various patterns of survival using a risk classification analysis. ALS patients recruited in the FRALim register (2000-2013) were included. Time-to-death analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox model. A recursive partitioning and amalgamation (RECPAM) algorithm analysis identified subgroups of patients with different patterns of survival. Among 322 patients, median survival times were 26.2 and 15.6 months from time of onset and of diagnosis, respectively. Four groups of patients were identified, depending on their baseline characteristics and survival (1) ALSFRS-R slope >0.46/month and definite or probable ALS (median survival time (MST) 10.6 months); (2) ALSFRS-R slope >0.46/month and possible or probable laboratory-supported ALS (MST: 18.1 months); (3) ALSFRS-R slope ≤0.46/month and definite or probable ALS (MST: 22.5 months), and (4) ALSFRS-R slope ≤0.46/month and possible or probable laboratory-supported ALS (MST: 37.6 months). Median survival time is among the shortest ever reported by a worldwide population-based study. This is probably related to the age structure of the patients (the oldest identified to date), driven by the underlying population (30 % of subjects older than 60 years). Further research in the field of risk stratification could help physicians better anticipate prognosis of ALS patients, and help improve the design of randomized controlled trials.
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