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Gel G, Unluer C, Yılmaz ER, Erguder BI, Arıkok AT, Sener S, Kertmen HH, Turkoglu ME. Neuroprotective Effects of Coenzyme Q10 and Ozone Therapy on Experimental Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries in Rats. World Neurosurg 2024; 188:e25-e33. [PMID: 38685349 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.04.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the neuroprotective effects and functional recovery potential of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and ozone therapy in spinal cord injury (SCI). MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups of 8. Surgical procedures induced spinal cord trauma in all groups, except the control group. The ozone group received 0.7 mg/kg rectal ozone daily for 7 days, starting 1 hour postspinal cord trauma. The CoQ10 group was administered 120 mg/kg CoQ10 orally once daily for 7 days, beginning 24 hours prior to trauma. The CoQ10 + ozone group received both treatments. Examinations included a modified Tarlov scale and inclined plane test on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Malondialdehyde (MDA) analysis was conducted on serum samples, and assessments of caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax levels were performed on tissue samples. Additionally, a comprehensive examination analyzed histopathological and ultrastructural changes. RESULTS After SCI, there was a statistically significant increase in serum MDA, tissue caspase-3, and Bax levels (MDA P < 0.001, caspase-3 P < 0.001, Bax P = 0.003). In the CoQ10 + ozone group, serum MDA (P = 0.002), tissue caspase-3 (P = 0.001), and Bax (P = 0.030) levels were significantly lower compared to the trauma group. Tissue Bcl-2 levels were also significantly higher (P = 0.019). The combined treatment group demonstrated improved histopathological, ultrastructural, and neurological outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that CoQ10 + ozone therapy in traumatic SCI demonstrates neuroprotective effects via antioxidant and antiapoptotic mechanisms. The positive effects on functional recovery are supported by data from biochemical, histopathological, ultrastructural, and neurological examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulce Gel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Diskapi Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Caner Unluer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Diskapi Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erdal Resit Yılmaz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Diskapi Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berrin Imge Erguder
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ata Turker Arıkok
- Department of Neurosurgery, Diskapi Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serkan Sener
- Department of Emergency, Acibadem University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Hayri Kertmen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Diskapi Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erhan Turkoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Diskapi Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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Mercan M, Sehirli AO, Gultekin C, Chukwunyere U, Sayiner S, Gencosman S, Cetinel S, Abacioglu N. MESNA (2-Mercaptoethanesulfonate) Attenuates Brain, Heart, and Lung Injury Induced by Carotid Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:941-948. [PMID: 37635578 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_654_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) causes organ dysfunction as a result of the increased formation of various reactive oxygen metabolites, infiltration of inflammatory cells, interstitial edema, cellular dysfunction, and tissue death. Aim The study aimed to investigate the cytoprotective effect of 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (MESNA) against tissue damage in rats exposed to carotid ischemia-reperfusion. Materials and Methods Twenty-four male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 6): sham, carotid I/R, I/R + MESNA (75 mg/kg), and I/R + MESNA (150 mg/kg) groups. To induce ischemia in rats, the carotid arteries were ligated with silk sutures for 10 min; the silk suture was then opened, and 1 h reperfusion was done. MESNA (75 and 150 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia-reperfusion. Tissue samples from the animals were taken for histological examination, while the serum levels of some biochemical parameters were utilized to evaluate the systemic alterations. ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests were applied with a significance level of 5%. Results The ischemia-reperfusion-induced tissue damage as evidenced by increase in serum levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, malondialdehyde, lactate dehydrogenase, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, -2, -8) was significantly (P < 0.05-0.0001) reversed after treatment with MESNA in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with MESNA (75 and 150 mg/kg), significantly (P < 0.05-0.0001) decreased the I/R-induced increase in serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1-beta (IL-1 β). Conclusion The results of this study suggest that MESNA has a protective effect on tissues by suppressing cellular responses to oxidants and inflammatory mediators associated with carotid ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mercan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Near East Boulevard, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus
| | - A O Sehirli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Near East Boulevard, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus
| | - C Gultekin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary, Near East University, Near East Boulevard, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus
| | - U Chukwunyere
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Near East Boulevard, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus
| | - S Sayiner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Near East University, Near East Boulevard, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus
| | - S Gencosman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Near East University, Near East Boulevard, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus
| | - S Cetinel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - N Abacioglu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Near East Boulevard, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus
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The Neuroprotective Effects of Administration of Methylprednisolone in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Experimental Cardiac Arrest Model. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022:10.1007/s10571-022-01300-w. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01300-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Gülmez A, Kuru Bektaşoğlu P, Tönge Ç, Yaprak A, Türkoğlu ME, Önder E, Ergüder Bİ, Sargon MF, Gürer B, Kertmen H. Neuroprotective Effects of Dexpanthenol on Rabbit Spinal Cord Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Model. World Neurosurg 2022; 167:e172-e183. [PMID: 35948219 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.07.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dexpanthenol (DXP) reportedly protects tissues against oxidative damage in various inflammation models. This study aimed to evaluate its effects on oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and neurological recovery in an experimental rabbit spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury (SCIRI) model. METHODS Rabbits were randomized into 5 groups of 8 animals each: group 1 (control), group 2 (ischemia), group 3 (vehicle), group 4 (methylprednisolone, 30 mg/kg), and group 5 (DXP, 500 mg/kg). The control group underwent laparotomy only, whereas other groups were subjected to spinal cord ischemia by aortic occlusion (just caudal to the 2 renal arteries) for 20 min. After 24 h, a modified Tarlov scale was employed to record neurological examination results. Malondialdehyde and caspase-3 levels and catalase and myeloperoxidase activities were analyzed in tissue and serum samples. Xanthine oxidase activity was measured in the serum. Histopathological and ultrastructural evaluations were also performed in the spinal cord. RESULTS After SCIRI, serum and tissue malondialdehyde and caspase-3 levels and myeloperoxidase and serum xanthine oxidase activities were increased (P < 0.05-0.001). However, serum and tissue catalase activity decreased significantly (P < 0.001). DXP treatment was associated with lower malondialdehyde and caspase-3 levels and reduced myeloperoxidase and xanthine oxidase activities but increased catalase activity (P < 0.05-0.001). Furthermore, DXP was associated with better histopathological, ultrastructural, and neurological outcome scores. CONCLUSIONS This study was the first to evaluate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and neuroprotective effects of DXP on SCIRI. Further experimental and clinical investigations are warranted to confirm that DXP can be administered to treat SCIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Gülmez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Çağhan Tönge
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yaprak
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Erhan Türkoğlu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Evrim Önder
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berrin İmge Ergüder
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Bora Gürer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Istinye University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hayri Kertmen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Infliximab and/or MESNA alleviate doxorubicin-induced Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in rats: A new insight into TNF-α/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Life Sci 2022; 301:120613. [PMID: 35523286 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The current study aimed to elucidate the neurotoxic potential of DOX to induce AD-like pathology paying attention to the role of wingless-integrated/β-catenin (Wnt/β-catenin) signaling pathway. A major aim was to evaluate the efficacy of infliximab (IFX) either individually or in combination with 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate sodium (MESNA) on the DOX-induced neurotoxicity in rats. METHODOLOGY AD-like pathology was induced in adult male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of DOX at a dose of 3.5 mg/kg twice a week for 3 weeks. DOX-injected rats were then treated with either INF at a single dose of 5 mg/kg i.p. (IFX group), MESNA at a dose of 160 mg/kg/day i.p. for 4 weeks (MESNA group) or their combination at the same specified doses (INF + MESNA group). At the end of the study period, behavioral assessment was performed and the brain tissue samples were harvested at sacrifice. KEY FINDINGS DOX-treated rats significantly exhibited AD-like brain injury, increased amyloid burden, enhanced neuroinflammation and apoptosis, and multifocal histological injury in the cerebral cortex with widespread vacuolations. IFX and MESNA significantly reversed all the aforementioned detrimental effects in the DOX-treated rats. SIGNIFICANCE The study has provided sufficient evidence of the potential of IFX and/or MESNA to ameliorate the DOX-induced neurotoxicity, with the best improvement observed with their combined administration. A new insight has been introduced into the critical role of Wnt/β-catenin activation.
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Abd El-Baset SA, Abd El-Haleem MR, Abdul-Maksoud RS, Kattaia AAA. Mesna ameliorates acute lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13356. [PMID: 34172794 PMCID: PMC8233331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung is severely affected by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. Mesna, a thiol compound, possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We aimed in the present work to explore the potential beneficial effects of Mesna on the acute lung damage mediated by intestinal I-R in a rat model. Forty male adult albino rats were randomly separated into; control, intestinal I-R, Mesna I and Mesna II groups. Mesna was administered by intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 100 mg/kg, 60 min before ischemia (Mesna I) and after reperfusion (Mesna II). Arterial blood gases and total proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were measured. Lung tissue homogenates were utilized for biochemical assays of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers. Lung specimens were managed for examination by light and electron microscopy. Our results revealed that Mesna attenuated the histopathological changes and apoptosis of the lung following intestinal I-R. Mesna also recovered systemic oxygenation. Mesna suppressed neutrophil infiltration (as endorsed by the reduction in MPO level), reduced ICAM-1 mRNA expression, inhibited NF-κB pathway and reduced the proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) in the lung tissues. Mesna maintained the antioxidant profile as evidenced by the elevation of the tissue GPx and SOD and down-regulation of HSP70 immune-expressions. Accordingly, Mesna treatment can be a promising way to counteract remote injury of the lung resulted from intestinal I-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Adel Abd El-Baset
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Asharquia, Egypt.
| | - Manal R Abd El-Haleem
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Asharquia, Egypt.,Faculty of Dentistry, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Egypt
| | | | - Asmaa A A Kattaia
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Asharquia, Egypt
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The Neuroprotective Effect of Mesna on Cisplatin-Induced Neurotoxicity: Behavioral, Electrophysiological, and Molecular Studies. Neurotox Res 2020; 39:826-840. [PMID: 33216283 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy and cognitive impairments following cisplatin administration may interfere with the clinical usage of the drug. Mesna is a chemoprotective agent with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. Our study aimed to investigate the protective effects of mesna against cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicity was induced by the administration of 2.5 mg/kg cisplatin twice a week for four consecutive weeks in male Wistar rats. The neuroprotective effect of mesna (150 mg/kg/day) was evaluated through behavioral, electrophysiological, and molecular studies. Cisplatin treatment caused passive avoidance memory impairment, increased anxiety-like behaviors, altered thermal sensitivity, and decreased muscle strength in a grip strength test. Our electrophysiological studies indicated that administration of cisplatin induced peripheral sensory neuropathy and decreased the amplitudes of the compound action potential of sensory nerves. Cisplatin administration increased MDA and 4-HNE levels and decreased anti-oxidant (SOD and GPx) enzymes. Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) and metalloproteinase-2 and 9 (MMP-2/9) were increased by cisplatin treatment. Morphological alterations were observed in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of cisplatin-treated rats. Cognitive impairments, anxiety, muscle strength, and thermal sensitivity changes induced by cisplatin were improved with mesna treatment. The reduced conduction velocity in sensory nerves was recovered in the cisplatin + mesna group. Mesna partially alleviated redox imbalance, reduced the proinflammatory cytokines, and MMP-2/9 levels. Mesna administration also relieved the morphological changes in DRG of cisplatin-treated rats. In conclusion, our results revealed that mesna can alleviate cisplatin-induced central and peripheral nervous system toxicity. These results support the concept that chemotherapy-induced neuropathy can be partially inhibited via mesna.
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Fuloria S, Subramaniyan V, Karupiah S, Kumari U, Sathasivam K, Meenakshi DU, Wu YS, Guad RM, Udupa K, Fuloria NK. A Comprehensive Review on Source, Types, Effects, Nanotechnology, Detection, and Therapeutic Management of Reactive Carbonyl Species Associated with Various Chronic Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1075. [PMID: 33147856 PMCID: PMC7692604 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous oxidation of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids generate extremely reactive carbonyl species (RCS). Human body comprises some important RCS namely hexanal, acrolein, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, methylglyoxal, malondialdehyde, isolevuglandins, and 4-oxo-2- nonenal etc. These RCS damage important cellular components including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, which manifests cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, multitude of adducts and crosslinks that are connected to ageing and various chronic diseases like inflammatory disease, atherosclerosis, cerebral ischemia, diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular disease. The constant prevalence of RCS in living cells suggests their importance in signal transduction and gene expression. Extensive knowledge of RCS properties, metabolism and relation with metabolic diseases would assist in development of effective approach to prevent numerous chronic diseases. Treatment approaches for RCS associated diseases involve endogenous RCS metabolizers, carbonyl metabolizing enzyme inducers, and RCS scavengers. Limited bioavailability and bio efficacy of RCS sequesters suggest importance of nanoparticles and nanocarriers. Identification of RCS and screening of compounds ability to sequester RCS employ several bioassays and analytical techniques. Present review describes in-depth study of RCS sources, types, properties, identification techniques, therapeutic approaches, nanocarriers, and their role in various diseases. This study will give an idea for therapeutic development to combat the RCS associated chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivkanya Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Kedah, Bedong 08100, Malaysia;
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur 42610, Malaysia; (V.S.); (Y.S.W.)
| | - Sundram Karupiah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Kedah, Bedong 08100, Malaysia;
| | - Usha Kumari
- Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Kedah, Bedong 08100, Malaysia;
| | | | | | - Yuan Seng Wu
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur 42610, Malaysia; (V.S.); (Y.S.W.)
| | - Rhanye Mac Guad
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia;
| | - Kaviraja Udupa
- Department of Neurophysiology, NIMHANS, Bangalore 560029, India;
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Li T, Li YT, Song DY. The expression of IL-1β can deteriorate the prognosis of nervous system after spinal cord injury. Int J Neurosci 2018; 128:778-782. [PMID: 29308940 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1424154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We used Anakinra to inhibit the expression of IL-1β based on the model of spinal cord injury in the rat stomach and explored whether it had a certain neuroprotective effect after spinal cord injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS The spinal cord injury model of four segments (T5-T8) was prepared by using vascular clamp. Thirty rats were randomized to the control group and the experimental group, and the control group used normal saline, while the experimental group used Anakinra after spinal cord injury. The spinal cord tissue was extracted at 6 h and 24 h after the operation to carry out the histopathological evaluation and to analyze the contents of IL-1β and malondialdehyde and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. RESULTS Edema and inflammatory cell infiltration were obviously seen after spinal cord injury, the IL-1β level in serum was significantly increased, but the activity of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase was decreased in the control group compared with the experimental group. The experimental group could increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes, but had no significant effect on malondialdehyde. CONCLUSIONS Anakinra had a certain protective effect through the inhibition of IL-1β on spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- a Department of Spinal Surgery , Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , P.R. China
| | - Yu-Tang Li
- b Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Di-Yu Song
- c Department of Orthopedics , The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force , Beijing , P.R. China
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Baklacı D, Kum RO, Kulaçoğlu S, Yılmaz YF, Özcan M. The Effects of MESNA on the Facial Nerve, an Experimental Animal Study. J Int Adv Otol 2017; 14:63-67. [PMID: 29092802 DOI: 10.5152/iao.2017.3593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MESNA (Sodium-2-mercaptoethanesulfonate) is a mucolytic substance that is used for chemically assisted tissue dissection in various surgical operations. The aim of this study was to address the issue of possible neurotoxicity from topical administration of MESNA solution on the facial nerve. We used different concentrations of MESNA solution and evaluated their effects on facial nerve by histopathological and functional analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS These groups were the saline administered group (control) (3 rats, 6 facial nerves), the 25% MESNA solution group (3 rats, 6 facial nerves), and the 100% MESNA solution group (3 rats, 6 facial nerves). Under general anesthesia (ketamine 150 mg/kg, xylocaine 4 mg/kg), the bilateral facial nerves of rats were dissected. The saline, 25% MESNA, and 100% MESNA solutions. Facial nerve functions of the rats were evaluated using mustachewhisker and blink reflex scores at day 20 days. On day 20, the rats were sacrificed and the buccal and marginal mandibular branches of the facial nerve were removed. The specimens were examined in terms of inflammation, granulation tissue, and foreign body reaction formation around the nerve. The functional and histopathological changes on facial nerves were compared between groups. RESULTS Mustache and blink reflex scores of the rats were 5 (normal) in both the control and study groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups in terms of facial nerve functions (p=1.00). On histopathologic examination, the 25% and 100% MESNA groups had significantly more inflammation compared with the control group (p=0.038 and p=0.007, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences between the 25% and 100% MESNA groups in term of inflammation (p > 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups in terms of foreign body reaction formation (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Topical administration of MESNA solution onto the facial nerve causes increased inflammation in both the 25% and 100% concentrations. Nevertheless, it does not cause any facial nerve dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Baklacı
- Clinic of Otolaryngology Ankara Kahramankazan State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rauf Oğuzhan Kum
- Clinic of Otolaryngology, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sezer Kulaçoğlu
- Clinic of Pathology, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Fuat Yılmaz
- Clinic of Otolaryngology, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Müge Özcan
- Clinic of Otolaryngology, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Filiz S, Enis U, Mustafa I, Aysegul C, Elvan B. Protective Effect of Mesna on Intestinal Ischemia-reperfusion Injury by Nitric Oxide and Arginase in an Experimental Rat Model. INT J PHARMACOL 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2017.1038.1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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He F, Ren Y, Shi E, Liu K, Yan L, Jiang X. Overexpression of microRNA-21 protects spinal cords against transient ischemia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 152:1602-1608. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kertmen H, Gürer B, Yilmaz ER, Kanat MA, Arikok AT, Ergüder BI, Hasturk AE, Ergil J, Sekerci Z. Antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of darbepoetin-α against traumatic brain injury in rats. Arch Med Sci 2015; 11:1119-28. [PMID: 26528358 PMCID: PMC4624756 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.54869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, we tried to determine whether darbepoetin-α would protect the brain from oxidative stress and apoptosis in a rat traumatic brain injury model. MATERIAL AND METHODS The animals were randomized into four groups; group 1 (sham), group 2 (trauma), group 3 (darbepoetin α), group 4 (methylprednisolone). In the sham group only the skin incision was performed. In all the other groups, a moderate traumatic brain injury modelwas applied. RESULTS Following trauma both glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase levels decreased (p < 0.001 for both); darbepoetin-α increased the activity of both antioxidant enzymes (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively). Trauma caused significant elevation in the nitric oxide synthetase and xanthine oxidase levels (p < 0.001 for both). Administration of darbepoetin-α significantly decreased the levels of nitric oxide synthetase and xanthine oxidase (p < 0.001 for both). Also, trauma caused significant elevation in the nitric oxide levels (p < 0.001); darbepoetin-α administration caused statistically significant reduction in the nitric oxide levels (p < 0.001). On the other hand, malondialdehyde levels were increased following trauma (p < 0.001), and darbepoetin α significantly reduced the malondialdehyde levels (p < 0.001). Due to the elevated apoptotic activity following the injury, caspase-3 activity increased significantly. Darbepoetin-α treatment significantly inhibited apoptosis by lowering the caspase-3 activity (p < 0.001). In the darbepoetin group, histopathological score was lower than the trauma group (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS In this study, darbepoetin-α was shown to be at least as effective as methylprednisolone in protecting brain from oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayri Kertmen
- Ministry of Health, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Neurosurgery Clinic, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bora Gürer
- Ministry of Health, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Neurosurgery Clinic, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erdal Resit Yilmaz
- Ministry of Health, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Neurosurgery Clinic, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Kanat
- Ministry of Health, Refik Saydam National Public Health Agency, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ata Türker Arikok
- Department of Pathology, Ministry of Health, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Askin Esen Hasturk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health, Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Julide Ergil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ministry of Health, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeki Sekerci
- Ministry of Health, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Neurosurgery Clinic, Ankara, Turkey
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Ant A, Karamert R, Kulduk G, Ekinci Ö, Tutar H, Göksu N. The effects of sodium-2-mercaptoethanesulfonate application on the neural and neurovascular tissues: An experimental animal study. Surg Neurol Int 2015; 6:150. [PMID: 26487975 PMCID: PMC4590178 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.165765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (MESNA) is a protective agent that is also used as "a chemical dissector" in various surgical fields. The aim of this study is to evaluate the toxic effects of MESNA on neural and neurovascular structures based on a morphological analysis and examine its safety in neurotological applications. METHODS Three groups of guinea pigs were used as subjects. MESNA solution (50 and 100%) and saline solution were applied to the subarachnoid space over the brain tissue via a middle fossa approach of study and control groups, respectively. Effects of MESNA were assessed by means of light microscope. McNemar Chi-square test was used to evaluate the histopathological findings. Statistical significance of P < 0.05 was taken as criterion. RESULTS No morphological changes were observed on vascular and neural structures in the study groups in both concentrations, compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS On a morphological basis, a single application of MESNA does not cause any morphological changes that indicate a toxicity in neural and neurovascular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayca Ant
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Afsin State Hospital, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Recep Karamert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gamze Kulduk
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özgür Ekinci
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Tutar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nebil Göksu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
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Hasturk AE, Yilmaz ER, Turkoglu E, Arikan M, Togral G, Hayirli N, Erguder BI, Evirgen O. Potential neuroprotective effect of Anakinra in spinal cord injury in an in vivo experimental animal model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:124-30. [PMID: 25864064 PMCID: PMC4727622 DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2015.2.20140483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the therapeutic effects of inhibiting interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) in vivo using Anakinra in an experimental model of spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS All experimental procedures were performed in the animal laboratory of Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey between August 2012 and May 2014. The SCI was induced by applying vascular clips to the dura via a 4-level T5-T8 laminectomy. Fifty-four rats were randomized into the following groups: controls (n = 18), SCI + saline (n = 18), and SCI + Anakinra (n = 18). Spinal cord samples were obtained from animals in both SCI groups at one, 6, and 24 hours after surgery (n = 6 for each time point). Spinal cord tissue and serum were extracted, and the levels of IL-1 beta, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were analyzed. Furthermore, histopathological evaluation of the tissues was performed. RESULTS The SCI in rats caused severe injury characterized by edema, neutrophil infiltration, and cytokine production followed by recruitment of other inflammatory cells, lipid peroxidation, and increased oxidative stress. After SCI, tissue and serum IL-1 beta levels were significantly increased, but were significantly decreased by Anakinra administration. Following trauma, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels were decreased; however, Anakinra increased the activity of these antioxidant enzymes. Malondialdehyde levels were increased after trauma, but were unaffected by Anakinra. Histopathological analysis showed that Anakinra effectively protected the spinal cord tissue from injury. CONCLUSION Treatment with Anakinra reduces inflammation and other tissue injury events associated with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Askin E Hasturk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Demetevler, Ankara, Turkey. E-mail:
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Szpikowska-Sroka B, Guz A. A highly sensitive spectrophotometric determination of sodium 2-sulfanylethanesulfonate in pharmaceutical preparations. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934815070163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Boyaci MG, Eser O, Kocogullari CU, Karavelioglu E, Tokyol C, Can Y. Neuroprotective effect of alpha-lipoic acid and methylprednisolone on the spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury in rabbits. Br J Neurosurg 2014; 29:46-51. [PMID: 25192009 DOI: 10.3109/02688697.2014.954986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the putative neuroprotective effect of alpha-lipoic acid (LA) on spinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits. METHODS Thirty-five adult female New Zeland rabbits, weighing 2,000-3,500 g (mean: 2,800), were divided randomly into five groups of seven rabbits each (n: 7) as Group 1: sham, only laparotomy; Group 2 (İ/R): I/R; Group 3 (LA): I/R and 100 mg/kg of LA; Group 4 (MP): I/R and 30 mg/kg of methylprednisolone (MP); and Group 5 (LA + MP): I/R and 100 mg/kg of LA plus 30 mg/kg of MP. RESULTS A statically significant effect of LA, MP, and LA plus MP on lowering malondialdehyde levels both in the blood and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been observed. Nitric oxide is significantly decreased in the blood and spinal cord tissues, and also in the CSF but it is not significant. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione levels were increased by LA administration. CONCLUSION LA exhibits antioxidant efficacy in spinal cord I/R injury, but it cannot decrease the oxidative stress. The histopathological result of the present study also demonstrated that LA has neuroprotective effect in spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Gazi Boyaci
- a Department of Neurosurgery , School of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University , Afyonkarahisar , Turkey
| | - Olcay Eser
- a Department of Neurosurgery , School of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University , Afyonkarahisar , Turkey
| | - Cevdet Ugur Kocogullari
- b Department of Cardiovascular Surgery , Derince Education and Research Hospital , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Ergun Karavelioglu
- a Department of Neurosurgery , School of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University , Afyonkarahisar , Turkey
| | - Cigdem Tokyol
- c Department of Pathology , School of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University , Afyonkarahisar , Turkey
| | - Yesim Can
- d Department of Biochemistry , Tayfur Ata Sokmen School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University , Hatay , Turkey
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Yin F, Guo L, Meng CY, Liu YJ, Lu RF, Li P, Zhou YB. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells exerts anti-apoptotic effects in adult rats after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. Brain Res 2014; 1561:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ormond DR, Shannon C, Oppenheim J, Zeman R, Das K, Murali R, Jhanwar-Uniyal M. Stem cell therapy and curcumin synergistically enhance recovery from spinal cord injury. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88916. [PMID: 24558450 PMCID: PMC3928327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is marked by the enhanced production of local cytokines and pro-inflammatory substances that induce gliosis and prevent reinnervation. The transplantation of stem cells is a promising treatment strategy for SCI. In order to facilitate functional recovery, we employed stem cell therapy alone or in combination with curcumin, a naturally-occurring anti-inflammatory component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), which potently inhibits NF-κB. Spinal cord contusion following laminectomy (T9–10) was performed using a weight drop apparatus (10 g over a 12.5 or 25 mm distance, representing moderate or severe SCI, respectively) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Neural stem cells (NSC) were isolated from subventricular zone (SVZ) and transplanted at the site of injury with or without curcumin treatment. Functional recovery was assessed by BBB score and body weight gain measured up to 6 weeks following SCI. At the conclusion of the study, the mass of soleus muscle was correlated with BBB score and body weight. Stem cell therapy improved recovery from moderate SCI, however, it had a limited effect on recovery after severe SCI. Curcumin stimulated NSC proliferation in vitro, and in combination with stem cell therapy, induced profound recovery from severe SCI as evidenced by improved functional locomotor recovery, increased body weight, and soleus muscle mass. These findings demonstrate that curcumin in conjunction with stem cell therapy synergistically improves recovery from severe SCI. Furthermore, our results indicate that the effect of curcumin extends beyond its known anti-inflammatory properties to the regulation of stem cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Ryan Ormond
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Craig Shannon
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Julius Oppenheim
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard Zeman
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Kaushik Das
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Raj Murali
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Meena Jhanwar-Uniyal
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Anti-inflammatory and Antiapoptotic Effect of Interleukine-18 Binding Protein on the Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Inflammation 2014; 37:917-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9811-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Yilmaz ER, Kertmen H, Gürer B, Kanat MA, Arikok AT, Ergüder BI, Hasturk AE, Ergil J, Sekerci Z. The protective effect of 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate (MESNA) against traumatic brain injury in rats. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2013; 155:141-9; discussion 149. [PMID: 23053276 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-012-1501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The agent, 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate (MESNA), is a synthetic small molecule, widely used as a systemic protective agent against chemotherapy toxicity, but is primarily used to reduce hemorrhagic cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide. Because MESNA has potential antioxidant and cytoprotective effects, so we hypothesized that MESNA may protect the brain against traumatic injury. METHOD Thirty-two rats were randomized into four groups of eight animals each; Group 1 (sham), Group 2 (trauma), Group 3 (150 mg/kg MESNA), Group 4 (30 mg/kg methylprednisolone). Only skin incision was performed in the sham group. In all the other groups, the traumatic brain injury model was created by an object weighing 450 g falling freely from a height of 70 cm through a copper tube on to the metal disc over the skull. The drugs were administered immediately after the injury. The animals were killed 24 h later. Brain tissues were extracted for analysis, where levels of tissue malondialdehyde, caspase-3, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthetase and xanthine oxidase were analyzed. Also, histopathological evaluation of the tissues was performed. RESULTS After head trauma, tissue malondialdehyde levels increased; these levels were significantly decreased by MESNA administration. Caspase-3 levels were increased after trauma, but no effect of MESNA was determined in caspase-3 activity. Following trauma, both glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels were decreased; MESNA increased the activity of both these antioxidant enzymes. Also, after trauma, nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthetase and xanthine oxidase levels were increased; administration of MESNA significantly decreased the levels of nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthetase and xanthine oxidase, promising an antioxidant activity. Histopathological analysis showed that MESNA protected the brain tissues well from injury. CONCLUSIONS Although further studies considering different dose regimens and time intervals are required, MESNA was shown to be at least as effective as methylprednisolone in the traumatic brain injury model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Resit Yilmaz
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
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Effects of darbepoetin-α in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rabbit. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2012; 154:1037-43; discussion 1043-4. [PMID: 22354718 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-012-1298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Darbepoetin-alpha (DA) is a novel erythropoiesis-stimulating agent developed for treating anemia. In animal models, recombinant human erythropoietin has been reported to be beneficial for neuroprotection. In this study, we determined whether DA would protect the spinal cord against ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rabbit model. METHODS Forty rabbits were randomized into five groups of eight animals each: group 1 (sham), group 2 (ischemia), group 3 (vehicle), group 4 (30 mg/kg methylprednisolone), group 5 (30 μg/kg DA). Only laparotomy was performed in the sham group. In all the other groups, the spinal cord ischemia model was created by a 20-min occlusion of the aorta just caudal to renal artery with an aneurysm clip. The drugs were administered immediately after the clamp was removed. The animals were killed 24 h later. Spinal cord segments between L2 and L5 were harvested for analysis. Neurological evaluation was performed with the Tarlov scoring system just before the animals were killed. Level of tissue malondialdehyde was analyzed as a marker of lipid peroxidation and tissue caspase-3 activity as a marker of apoptosis. Also, histopathological evaluation of the tissues was performed. RESULTS Both malondialdehyde and caspase-3 levels were significantly decreased by DA administration. Histopathological evaluation of the tissues also demonstrated decrease in neuronal degeneration and infiltration parameters after DA administration. In the DA group, neurological outcome scores were statistically significantly better compared with the ischemia and the vehicle groups. CONCLUSIONS Although further studies considering different dose regimens and time intervals are required, DA was shown to be at least as effective as methylprednisolone in spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion model.
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