1
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Lan YL, Zou S, Chen R. Update on the intriguing roles of AQP4 expression and redistribution in the progression and treatment of glioma. Ann Med 2024; 56:2401111. [PMID: 39247976 PMCID: PMC11385637 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2401111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is abundant in the human brain and has an important role in brain homeostasis and diseases. AQP4 expression has been found to be associated with glioma malignancies. However, the complete understanding of the biological processes and curative importance of AQP4 in glioma remains unclear. The impact of AQP4 subcellular mislocalization on glioma progression and the precise mechanisms regarding AQP4 translocation in glioma need further investigation. In this review, we update recent findings about disturbed AQP4 expression in glioma and explore targeting AQP4 to modulate the glioma progression. Thereafter we discuss some possible mechanisms of action of AQP4 translocations in glioma. The present article offers an appropriate introduction to the potential involvement of AQP4 in the emergence and progression of glioma. Both comprehensive research into the mechanisms and systematically intervention studies focusing on AQP4 are essential. By embracing this strategy, we can obtain a new and insightful outlook on managing cancerous glioma. Although the observations summarized in this review should be confirmed with more studies, we believe that they could provide critical information for the design of more focused research that will allow for systematic and definitive evaluation of the role of AQP4 in glioma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruoli Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
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2
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Mendes CB, da Rocha LS, de Carvalho Fraga CA, Ximenes-da-Silva A. Homeostatic status of thyroid hormones and brain water movement as determinant factors in biology of cerebral gliomas: a pilot study using a bioinformatics approach. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1349421. [PMID: 38476871 PMCID: PMC10927765 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1349421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The expression and localization of the water channel transporters, aquaporins (AQPs), in the brain are substantially modified in gliomas during tumorigenesis, cell migration, edema formation, and resolution. We hypothesized that the molecular changes associated with AQP1 and AQP4 in the brain may potentially be anticancer therapeutic targets. To test this hypothesis, a bioinformatics analysis of publicly available data from international consortia was performed. Methods We used RNA-seq as an experimental strategy and identified the number of differential AQP1 and AQP4 transcript expressions in glioma tissue compared to normal brain tissue. Results AQPs genes are overexpressed in patients with glioma. Among the glioma subtypes, AQP1 and AQP4 were overexpressed in astrocytoma (low-grade glioma) and classical (high-grade glioma). Overall survival analysis demonstrated that both AQP genes can be used as prognostic factors for patients with low-grade glioma. Additionally, we observed a correlation between the expression of genes involved in the tyrosine and thyroid hormone pathways and AQPs, namely: PNMT, ALDH1A3, AOC2, HGDATP1B1, ADCY5, PLCB4, ITPR1, ATP1A3, LRP2, HDAC1, MED24, MTOR, and ACTB1 (Spearman's coefficient = geq 0.20 and p-value = ≤ 0.05). Conclusion Our findings indicate that the thyroid hormone pathways and AQPs 1 and 4 are potential targets for new anti-tumor drugs and therapeutic biomarkers for malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelita Bastos Mendes
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Metabolismo Cerebral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Lanni Sarmento da Rocha
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Metabolismo Cerebral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Ximenes-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Metabolismo Cerebral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
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3
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Bhattacharjee A, Jana A, Bhattacharjee S, Mitra S, De S, Alghamdi BS, Alam MZ, Mahmoud AB, Al Shareef Z, Abdel-Rahman WM, Woon-Khiong C, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Ashraf GM. The role of Aquaporins in tumorigenesis: implications for therapeutic development. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:106. [PMID: 38336645 PMCID: PMC10854195 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are ubiquitous channel proteins that play a critical role in the homeostasis of the cellular environment by allowing the transit of water, chemicals, and ions. They can be found in many different types of cells and organs, including the lungs, eyes, brain, glands, and blood vessels. By controlling the osmotic water flux in processes like cell growth, energy metabolism, migration, adhesion, and proliferation, AQPs are capable of exerting their regulatory influence over a wide range of cellular processes. Tumour cells of varying sources express AQPs significantly, especially in malignant tumours with a high propensity for metastasis. New insights into the roles of AQPs in cell migration and proliferation reinforce the notion that AQPs are crucial players in tumour biology. AQPs have recently been shown to be a powerful tool in the fight against pathogenic antibodies and metastatic cell migration, despite the fact that the molecular processes of aquaporins in pathology are not entirely established. In this review, we shall discuss the several ways in which AQPs are expressed in the body, the unique roles they play in tumorigenesis, and the novel therapeutic approaches that could be adopted to treat carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadyuti Bhattacharjee
- Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA
| | - Ankit Jana
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117558, Singapore
| | - Swagato Bhattacharjee
- KoshKey Sciences Pvt Ltd, Canara Bank Layout, Karnataka, Bengaluru, Rajiv Gandhi Nagar, Kodigehalli, 560065, India
| | - Sankalan Mitra
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Swagata De
- Department of English, DDE Unit, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Badrah S Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Pre-clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Zubair Alam
- Pre-clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Almadinah, Almunwarah, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab Al Shareef
- College of Medicine, and Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wael M Abdel-Rahman
- College of Health Sciences, and Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chan Woon-Khiong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117558, Singapore.
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway, Mohali, Punjab, India
- Department of Research & Development, Funogen, Athens, Greece
- Department of Research & Development, AFNP Med, 1030, Wien, Austria
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, University of Witten-Herdecke, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- College of Health Sciences, and Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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4
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Žugec M, Furlani B, Castañon MJ, Rituper B, Fischer I, Broggi G, Caltabiano R, Barbagallo GMV, Di Rosa M, Tibullo D, Parenti R, Vicario N, Simčič S, Pozo Devoto VM, Stokin GB, Wiche G, Jorgačevski J, Zorec R, Potokar M. Plectin plays a role in the migration and volume regulation of astrocytes: a potential biomarker of glioblastoma. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:14. [PMID: 38263015 PMCID: PMC10807171 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and intermediate filament (IF) proteins is altered in malignant glioblastoma (GBM), yet the expression of the major IF-based cytolinker, plectin (PLEC), and its contribution to GBM migration and invasiveness, are unknown. Here, we assessed the contribution of plectin in affecting the distribution of plasmalemmal AQP4 aggregates, migratory properties, and regulation of cell volume in astrocytes. METHODS In human GBM, the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), AQP4 and PLEC transcripts was analyzed using publicly available datasets, and the colocalization of PLEC with AQP4 and with GFAP was determined by immunohistochemistry. We performed experiments on wild-type and plectin-deficient primary and immortalized mouse astrocytes, human astrocytes and permanent cell lines (U-251 MG and T98G) derived from a human malignant GBM. The expression of plectin isoforms in mouse astrocytes was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. Transfection, immunolabeling and confocal microscopy were used to assess plectin-induced alterations in the distribution of the cytoskeleton, the influence of plectin and its isoforms on the abundance and size of plasmalemmal AQP4 aggregates, and the presence of plectin at the plasma membrane. The release of plectin from cells was measured by ELISA. The migration and dynamics of cell volume regulation of immortalized astrocytes were assessed by the wound-healing assay and calcein labeling, respectively. RESULTS A positive correlation was found between plectin and AQP4 at the level of gene expression and protein localization in tumorous brain samples. Deficiency of plectin led to a decrease in the abundance and size of plasmalemmal AQP4 aggregates and altered distribution and bundling of the cytoskeleton. Astrocytes predominantly expressed P1c, P1e, and P1g plectin isoforms. The predominant plectin isoform associated with plasmalemmal AQP4 aggregates was P1c, which also affected the mobility of astrocytes most prominently. In the absence of plectin, the collective migration of astrocytes was impaired and the dynamics of cytoplasmic volume changes in peripheral cell regions decreased. Plectin's abundance on the plasma membrane surface and its release from cells were increased in the GBM cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Plectin affects cellular properties that contribute to the pathology of GBM. The observed increase in both cell surface and released plectin levels represents a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in the diagnostics and treatment of GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Žugec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Borut Furlani
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maria J Castañon
- Max Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Boštjan Rituper
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irmgard Fischer
- Max Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giuseppe Broggi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe M V Barbagallo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Saša Simčič
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Victorio Martin Pozo Devoto
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gorazd B Stokin
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucestershire NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
- Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Max Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Jorgačevski
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Potokar
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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5
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Chen F, Zhao D, Huang Y, Wen X, Feng S. Synergetic impact of combined navoximod with cisplatin mitigates chemo-immune resistance via blockading IDO1 + CAFs-secreted Kyn/AhR/IL-6 and pol ζ-prevented CIN in human oral squamous cell carcinoma. Life Sci 2023; 335:122239. [PMID: 37944638 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent aggressive form of HNSC and treated with platinum-based chemotherapy as initial therapy. However, the development of acquired resistance and neurotoxicity to platinum agents poses a significant challenge to treat locally advanced OSCC. Notably, IDO1+ CAFs could promote immunosuppressive TME for OSCC progression. Therefore, we developed a potent IDO1 inhibitor navoximod to overcome chemo-immune resistance via an antitumor immune effect synergized with cisplatin in SCC-9 co-cultured IDO1+/IDO1- CAFs and SCC-7/IDO1+ CAFs-inoculated mice. The in vitro biological assays on IDO1+ CAFs co-cultured OSCC cancer cells supported that combined navoximod with cisplatin could mitigate chemo-immune resistance through blockading IDO1+ CAFs-secreted kynurenine (Kyn)-aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-IL-6 via suppressing p-STAT3/NF-κB signals and ceasing AhR-induced loss of pol ζ-caused chromosomal instability (CIN). Moreover, the combination elicited antitumor immunity via reducing IDO1+ CAFs-secreted Kyn/AhR and conferring pol ζ in SCC-7/IDO1+ CAFs-inoculated BALB/c mice. Meanwhile, the combination could block cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity and not interfere with chemotherapy. Taken together, the study investigated the promising therapeutic potential of combined navoximod with cisplatin to mitigate tumoral immune resistance via alleviating IDO1+ CAFs-secreted immune-suppression and CIN-caused cisplatin resistance, providing a paradigm for combined chemo-immunotherapy to prolong survival in patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China.
| | - Deming Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xin Wen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Shicheng Feng
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China; Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
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6
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Hamidi AA, Taghehchian N, Zangouei AS, Akhlaghipour I, Maharati A, Basirat Z, Moghbeli M. Molecular mechanisms of microRNA-216a during tumor progression. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:19. [PMID: 36740668 PMCID: PMC9899407 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as the members of non-coding RNAs family are involved in post-transcriptional regulation by translational inhibiting or mRNA degradation. They have a critical role in regulation of cell proliferation and migration. MiRNAs aberrations have been reported in various cancers. Considering the importance of these factors in regulation of cellular processes and their high stability in body fluids, these factors can be suggested as suitable non-invasive markers for the cancer diagnosis. MiR-216a deregulation has been frequently reported in different cancers. Therefore, in the present review we discussed the molecular mechanisms of the miR-216a during tumor progression. It has been reported that miR-216a mainly functioned as a tumor suppressor through the regulation of signaling pathways and transcription factors. This review paves the way to suggest the miR-216a as a probable therapeutic and diagnostic target in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abbas Hamidi
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negin Taghehchian
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Sadra Zangouei
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Iman Akhlaghipour
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Maharati
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Basirat
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ,grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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7
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Abulizi A, Dawuti A, Yang B. Aquaporins in Tumor. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1398:303-315. [PMID: 36717503 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7415-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent researches have demonstrated that aquaporins (AQPs), including water-selective channels, aquaglyceroporins and superaquaporins, are generally expressed in various tumors, such as lung, colorectal, liver, brain, breast tumors, etc. Therefore, it is imperative to study the accurate relationship between AQPs and tumor, which may provide innovative approaches to treat and prevent tumor development. In this chapter, we mainly reviewed the expression and pathophysiological function of AQPs in tumor, and summarize recent work on AQPs in tumor. Although, the underlying mechanism of AQP in tumor is not very clear, growing evidences suggest that cell migration, adhesion, angiogenesis, and division contribute to tumor development, in which AQPs might be involved. Therefore, it is still necessary to conduct further studies to determine the specific roles of AQPs in the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abudumijiti Abulizi
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
| | - Awaguli Dawuti
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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8
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Xiao M, Hou J, Xu M, Li S, Yang B. Aquaporins in Nervous System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1398:99-124. [PMID: 36717489 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7415-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) mediate water flux between the four distinct water compartments in the central nervous system (CNS). In the present chapter, we mainly focus on the expression and function of the nine AQPs expressed in the CNS, which include five members of aquaporin subfamily: AQP1, AQP4, AQP5, AQP6, and AQP8; three members of aquaglyceroporin subfamily: AQP3, AQP7, and AQP9; and one member of superaquaporin subfamily: AQP11. In addition, AQP1, AQP2, and AQP4 expressed in the peripheral nervous system are also reviewed. AQP4, the predominant water channel in the CNS, is involved both in the astrocyte swelling of cytotoxic edema and the resolution of vasogenic edema and is of pivotal importance in the pathology of brain disorders such as neuromyelitis optica, brain tumors, and neurodegenerative disorders. Moreover, AQP4 has been demonstrated as a functional regulator of recently discovered glymphatic system that is a main contributor to clearance of toxic macromolecule from the brain. Other AQPs are also involved in a variety of important physiological and pathological process in the brain. It has been suggested that AQPs could represent an important target in treatment of brain disorders like cerebral edema. Future investigations are necessary to elucidate the pathological significance of AQPs in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xiao
- Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaoyu Hou
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Basic Medical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Shao Li
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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9
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Lan YL, Nie T, Zou S. Identification of the prognostic and immunological roles of aquaporin 4: A potential target for survival and immunotherapy in glioma patients. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1061428. [PMID: 36523816 PMCID: PMC9744806 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1061428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed the critical role of AQP4 in the occurrence and development of gliomas. However, the role of AQP4 in immune regulation has not yet been reported. Many recent reports have identified the lymphatic system's occurrence within the central nervous system (CNS) and the vital role of immune regulation in treating brain tumors. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the role of AQP4 in the immune regulation of glioma. We used bioinformatics analysis to investigate the immunoregulatory function of AQP4, including its correlation with immunity, anti-tumor immune processes, immunotherapy, immune infiltration, tumor mutational burden (TMB), stemness, mutation, and pan-cancer. The results revealed that AQP4 was significantly associated with the expression of multiple immune checkpoints, immune cells, as well as multiple immune cell effector genes, and antigen presentation and processing abilities. Although no significant correlation was found between the AQP4 gene and IDH mutation and MGMT, AQP4 demonstrated substantial expression differences in different immunophenotypes and molecular types. Using the TTD database, we discovered that EGFR, ABAT, and PDGFRA are strongly associated with AQP4 expression in the glioblastoma (GBM) classification, and these factors could be the potential AQP4-related immunotherapy targets. Afterward, we screened the differential genes in the high and low AQP4 gene expression group, the high and low immune score group, and the high and low matrix score group and took the intersection as the candidate factor. Finally, univariate Cox analysis was used to find eight prognostic variables with significant differences across the candidate genes. After lasso dimensionality reduction, three genes built the model (RARRES1, SOCS3, and TTYH1). The scoring model generated by the three genes was eventually obtained after the multi-factor screening of the three genes. Finally, combined with clinical information and cox regression analysis, it was further confirmed that the model score could be used as an independent prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Nie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuang Zou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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10
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Castañeyra-Ruiz L, González-Marrero I, Hernández-Abad LG, Lee S, Castañeyra-Perdomo A, Muhonen M. AQP4, Astrogenesis, and Hydrocephalus: A New Neurological Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10438. [PMID: 36142348 PMCID: PMC9498986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is a cerebral glial marker that labels ependymal cells and astrocytes' endfeet and is the main water channel responsible for the parenchymal fluid balance. However, in brain development, AQP4 is a marker of glial stem cells and plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of pediatric hydrocephalus. Gliogenesis characterization has been hampered by a lack of biomarkers for precursor and intermediate stages and a deeper understanding of hydrocephalus etiology is needed. This manuscript is a focused review of the current research landscape on AQP4 as a possible biomarker for gliogenesis and its influence in pediatric hydrocephalus, emphasizing reactive astrogliosis. The goal is to understand brain development under hydrocephalic and normal physiologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ibrahim González-Marrero
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Basicas, Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Ofra s/n, 38071 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Luis G. Hernández-Abad
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Basicas, Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Ofra s/n, 38071 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Seunghyun Lee
- CHOC Children’s Research Institute, 1201 W, La Veta Avenue, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Agustín Castañeyra-Perdomo
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Basicas, Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Ofra s/n, 38071 La Laguna, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación y Ciencias de Puerto del Rosario, 35600 Puerto del Rosario, Spain
| | - Michael Muhonen
- Neurosurgery Department at CHOC Children’s Hospital, 505 S Main St., Orange, CA 92868, USA
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11
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Petit M, Leclercq M, Pierre S, Ruggiero MR, El Atifi M, Boutonnat J, Fries PH, Berger F, Lahrech H. Fast-field-cycling NMR at very low magnetic fields: water molecular dynamic biomarkers of glioma cell invasion and migration. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4677. [PMID: 34961995 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to study NMR relaxometry of glioma invasion/migration at very low field (<2 mT) by fast-field-cycling NMR (FFC-NMR) and to decipher the pathophysiological processes of glioma that are responsible for relaxation changes in order to open a new diagnostic method that can be extended to imaging. The phenotypes of two new glioma mouse models, Glio6 and Glio96, were characterized by T2w -MRI, HE histology, Ki-67 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and CXCR4 RT-qPCR, and were compared with the U87 model. R1 dispersions of glioma tissues were acquired at low field (0.1 mT-0.8 T) ex vivo and were fitted with Lorentzian and power-law models to extract FFC biomarkers related to the molecular dynamics of water. In order to decipher relaxation changes, three main invasion/migration pathophysiological processes were studied: hypoxia, H2 O2 function and the water-channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4). Glio6 and Glio96 were characterized with invasion/migration phenotype and U87 with high cell proliferation as a solid glioma. At very low field, invasion/migration versus proliferation was characterized by a decrease in the relaxation-rate constant (ΔR1 ≈ -32% at 0.1 mT) and correlation time (≈-40%). These decreases corroborated the AQP4-IHC overexpression (Glio6/Glio96: +92%/+46%), suggesting rapid transcytolemmal water exchange, which was confirmed by the intracellular water-lifetime τIN decrease (ΔτIN ≈ -30%). In functional experiments, AQP4 expression, τIN and the relaxation-rate constant at very low field were all found to be sensitive to hypoxia and to H2 O2 stimuli. At very low field the role of water exchanges in relaxation modulation was confirmed, and for the first time it was linked to the glioma invasion/migration and to its main pathophysiological processes: hypoxia, H2 O2 redox signaling and AQP4 expression. The method appears appropriate to evaluate the effect of drugs that can target these pathophysiological mechanisms. Finally, FFC-NMR operating at low field is demonstrated to be sensitive to invasion glioma phenotype and can be straightforwardly extended to FFC-MRI as a new cancer invasion imaging method in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Petit
- BrainTech Lab INSERM U1205, Grenoble, France
- Grenoble Alpes University, France
| | - Maxime Leclercq
- BrainTech Lab INSERM U1205, Grenoble, France
- Grenoble Alpes University, France
| | - Sandra Pierre
- BrainTech Lab INSERM U1205, Grenoble, France
- Grenoble Alpes University, France
| | | | - Michèle El Atifi
- BrainTech Lab INSERM U1205, Grenoble, France
- Grenoble Alpes University, France
- Grenoble Hospital University (CHU), France
| | - Jean Boutonnat
- Grenoble Alpes University, France
- Grenoble Hospital University (CHU), France
| | | | - François Berger
- BrainTech Lab INSERM U1205, Grenoble, France
- Grenoble Alpes University, France
- Grenoble Hospital University (CHU), France
| | - Hana Lahrech
- BrainTech Lab INSERM U1205, Grenoble, France
- Grenoble Alpes University, France
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12
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Chen Z, Jiao S, Zhao D, Zou Q, Xu L, Zhang L, Su X. The Characterization of Structure and Prediction for Aquaporin in Tumour Progression by Machine Learning. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:845622. [PMID: 35178393 PMCID: PMC8844512 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.845622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrence and new cases of cancer constitute a challenging human health problem. Aquaporins (AQPs) can be expressed in many types of tumours, including the brain, breast, pancreas, colon, skin, ovaries, and lungs, and the histological grade of cancer is positively correlated with AQP expression. Therefore, the identification of aquaporins is an area to explore. Computational tools play an important role in aquaporin identification. In this research, we propose reliable, accurate and automated sequence predictor iAQPs-RF to identify AQPs. In this study, the feature extraction method was 188D (global protein sequence descriptor, GPSD). Six common classifiers, including random forest (RF), NaiveBayes (NB), support vector machine (SVM), XGBoost, logistic regression (LR) and decision tree (DT), were used for AQP classification. The classification results show that the random forest (RF) algorithm is the most suitable machine learning algorithm, and the accuracy was 97.689%. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to analyse these characteristics. Feature rank based on the ANOVA method and IFS strategy was applied to search for the optimal features. The classification results suggest that the 26th feature (neutral/hydrophobic) and 21st feature (hydrophobic) are the two most powerful and informative features that distinguish AQPs from non-AQPs. Previous studies reported that plasma membrane proteins have hydrophobic characteristics. Aquaporin subcellular localization prediction showed that all aquaporins were plasma membrane proteins with highly conserved transmembrane structures. In addition, the 3D structure of aquaporins was consistent with the localization results. Therefore, these studies confirmed that aquaporins possess hydrophobic properties. Although aquaporins are highly conserved transmembrane structures, the phylogenetic tree shows the diversity of aquaporins during evolution. The PCA showed that positive and negative samples were well separated by 54D features, indicating that the 54D feature can effectively classify aquaporins. The online prediction server is accessible at http://lab.malab.cn/∼acy/iAQP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shihu Jiao
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, China
| | - Da Zhao
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan Zou
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, China
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Su
- Foshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Foshan, China
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13
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Varricchio A, Ramesh SA, Yool AJ. Novel Ion Channel Targets and Drug Delivery Tools for Controlling Glioblastoma Cell Invasiveness. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111909. [PMID: 34769339 PMCID: PMC8584308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprising more than half of all brain tumors, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a leading cause of brain cancer-related deaths worldwide. A major clinical challenge is presented by the capacity of glioma cells to rapidly infiltrate healthy brain parenchyma, allowing the cancer to escape control by localized surgical resections and radiotherapies, and promoting recurrence in other brain regions. We propose that therapies which target cellular motility pathways could be used to slow tumor dispersal, providing a longer time window for administration of frontline treatments needed to directly eradicate the primary tumors. An array of signal transduction pathways are known to be involved in controlling cellular motility. Aquaporins (AQPs) and voltage-gated ion channels are prime candidates as pharmacological targets to restrain cell migration in glioblastoma. Published work has demonstrated AQPs 1, 4 and 9, as well as voltage-gated potassium, sodium and calcium channels, chloride channels, and acid-sensing ion channels are expressed in GBM and can influence processes of cell volume change, extracellular matrix degradation, cytoskeletal reorganization, lamellipodial and filopodial extension, and turnover of cell-cell adhesions and focal assembly sites. The current gap in knowledge is the identification of optimal combinations of targets, inhibitory agents, and drug delivery systems that will allow effective intervention with minimal side effects in the complex environment of the brain, without disrupting finely tuned activities of neuro-glial networks. Based on published literature, we propose that co-treatments using AQP inhibitors in addition to other therapies could increase effectiveness, overcoming some limitations inherent in current strategies that are focused on single mechanisms. An emerging interest in nanobodies as drug delivery systems could be instrumental for achieving the selective delivery of combinations of agents aimed at multiple key targets, which could enhance success in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanah Varricchio
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Sunita A. Ramesh
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Andrea J. Yool
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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14
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Zou S, Lan YL, Ren T, Li X, Zhang L, Wang H, Wang X. A Bioinformatics Analysis of the Potential Roles of Aquaporin 4 in Human Brain Tumors: An Immune-Related Process. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:692175. [PMID: 34113257 PMCID: PMC8185330 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.692175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is an ubiquitously expressed membrane protein channel found in the central nervous system and mainly on astrocytes. Recent studies on AQP4 has implicated it in tumorigenesis. It is of interest to determine the potential value of AQP4 in identifying, guiding treatment and prognosticating various types of CNS cancers. This investigation systematically investigated the oncogenic role of AQP4 across 33 CNS tumors found in GEO and TCGA datasets. We found that CNS tumors strongly expressed AQP4. There appeared to be a strong link between the prognosis of patients with a CNS malignancy and degree of AQP4 expression. AQP4 expression influences the degree of CD8+ T-cell infiltration level as well as cancer-associated fibroblast infiltration in CNS tumors. Moreover, synaptic vesicle cycle and phosphatidylinositol signaling system-associated functions were also found to be related to AQP4 functional mechanisms. Furthermore, potential AQP4 inhibitors have also been explored by using Specs data base and virtual screening technique. This study contributes toward current knowledge regarding the role of AQP4 in CNS tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu-Long Lan
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Breast Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Non-Directly Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hongjin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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15
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Aquaporins implicated in the cell proliferation and the signaling pathways of cell stemness. Biochimie 2021; 188:52-60. [PMID: 33894294 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are water channel proteins facilitating passive transport of water and other small molecules across biomembranes. Regulation of osmotic homeostasis via AQPs is accompanied by dynamic participation of various cellular signaling pathways. Recently emerging evidence reveals that functional roles of AQPs are further extended from the osmotic regulation via water permeation into the cell proliferation and differentiation. In particular, anomalous expression of AQPs has been demonstrated in various types of cancer cells and cancer stem-like cells and it has been proposed as markers for proliferation and progression of cancer cells. Thus, a more comprehensive view on AQPs could bring a great interest in the cell stemness accompanied by the expression of AQPs. AQPs are broadly expressed across tissues and cells in a cell type- and lineage-specific manner during development via spatiotemporal transcriptional regulation. Moreover, AQPs are expressed in various adult stem cells and cells associated with a stem cell niche as well as cancer stem-like cells. However, the expression and regulatory mechanisms of AQP expression in stem cells have not been well understood. This review highlighted the AQPs expression in stem cell niches/stem cells and the involvement of AQPs in the cell proliferation and signaling pathways associated with cell stemness.
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16
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Prediction of LncRNA-encoded small peptides in glioma and oligomer channel functional analysis using in silico approaches. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248634. [PMID: 33735310 PMCID: PMC7971536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a lethal malignant brain cancer, and many reports have shown that abnormalities in the behavior of water and ion channels play an important role in regulating tumor proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and differentiation. Recently, new studies have suggested that some long noncoding RNAs containing small open reading frames can encode small peptides and form oligomers for water or ion regulation. However, because the peptides are difficult to identify, their functional mechanisms are far from being clearly understood. In this study, we used bioinformatics methods to identify and evaluate lncRNAs, which may encode small transmembrane peptides in gliomas. Combining ab initio homology modeling, molecular dynamics simulations, and free energy calculations, we constructed a predictive model and predicted the oligomer channel activity of peptides by identifying the lncRNA ORFs. We found that one key hub lncRNA, namely, DLEU1, which contains two smORFs (ORF1 and ORF8), encodes small peptides that form pentameric channels. The mechanics of water and ion (Na+ and Cl-) transport through this pentameric channel were simulated. The potential mean force of the H2O molecules along the two ORF-encoded peptide channels indicated that the energy barrier was different between ORF1 and ORF8. The ORF1-encoded peptide pentamer acted as a self-assembled water channel but not as an ion channel, and the ORF8 permeated neither ions nor water. This work provides new methods and theoretical support for further elucidation of the function of lncRNA-encoded small peptides and their role in cancer. Additionally, this study provides a theoretical basis for drug development.
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17
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Peng Y, Wu W, Shang Z, Li W, Chen S. Inhibition of lncRNA LINC00461/miR-216a/aquaporin 4 pathway suppresses cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance in glioma. Open Life Sci 2020; 15:532-543. [PMID: 33817241 PMCID: PMC7874638 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2020-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) LINC00461 (LINC00461) is reported to be related to glioma progression. However, the mechanism of LINC00461 in glioma remains unclear. Expression of LINC00461, miRNA (miR)-216a, and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) was detected using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. Proliferation, temozolomide (TMZ) resistance, migration, and invasion were assessed by MTT, colony formation, and transwell assays, respectively. The target binding among miR-216a, LINC00461, and AQP4 was confirmed by the luciferase reporter assay. The tumor growth was monitored in the xenograft experiment. LINC00461 was upregulated, and miR-216a was downregulated in glioma tissues and cells, and LINC00461 upregulation was correlated with large tumor size, higher WHO grade and recurrence, and poor overall survival. LINC00461 knockdown suppressed cell viability, abilities of cell cloning and migration and invasion, and TMZ resistance in glioma. Mechanically, LINC00461 was confirmed to sponge miR-216a to affect AQP4 expression. Rescue assays verified that miR-216a downregulation or AQP4 upregulation abrogated the inhibitory effect of LINC00461 knockdown on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and TMZ resistance in vitro. Moreover, LINC00461 downregulation blocked the glioma tumor growth in vivo. In conclusion, LINC00461 knockdown inhibits glioma cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and TMZ resistance through miR-216a/AQP4 axis, suggesting LINC00461 as an oncogene in glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanguo Peng
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Mindong Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 89 Heshan Road, Fuan 355000, Fujian, China
| | - Wangchun Wu
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Mindong Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 89 Heshan Road, Fuan 355000, Fujian, China
| | - Zhanfang Shang
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Mindong Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 89 Heshan Road, Fuan 355000, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Mindong Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 89 Heshan Road, Fuan 355000, Fujian, China
| | - Shuiyu Chen
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Mindong Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 89 Heshan Road, Fuan 355000, Fujian, China
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18
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Vandebroek A, Yasui M. Regulation of AQP4 in the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1603. [PMID: 32111087 PMCID: PMC7084855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is the main water channel protein expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). AQP4 is densely expressed in astrocyte end-feet, and is an important factor in CNS water and potassium homeostasis. Changes in AQP4 activity and expression have been implicated in several CNS disorders, including (but not limited to) epilepsy, edema, stroke, and glioblastoma. For this reason, many studies have been done to understand the various ways in which AQP4 is regulated endogenously, and could be regulated pharmaceutically. In particular, four regulatory methods have been thoroughly studied; regulation of gene expression via microRNAs, regulation of AQP4 channel gating/trafficking via phosphorylation, regulation of water permeability using heavy metal ions, and regulation of water permeability using small molecule inhibitors. A major challenge when studying AQP4 regulation is inter-method variability. A compound or phosphorylation which shows an inhibitory effect in vitro may show no effect in a different in vitro method, or even show an increase in AQP4 expression in vivo. Although a large amount of variability exists between in vitro methods, some microRNAs, heavy metal ions, and two small molecule inhibitors, acetazolamide and TGN-020, have shown promise in the field of AQP4 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno Vandebroek
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
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19
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Du L, Xing Z, Tao B, Li T, Yang D, Li W, Zheng Y, Kuang C, Yang Q. Both IDO1 and TDO contribute to the malignancy of gliomas via the Kyn-AhR-AQP4 signaling pathway. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:10. [PMID: 32296044 PMCID: PMC7033114 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2), and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) initiate the first step of the kynurenine pathway (KP), leading to the transformation of L-tryptophan (Trp) into L-kynurenine (Kyn) and other downstream metabolites. Kyn is known as an endogenous ligand of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Activation of AhR through TDO-derived Kyn is a novel mechanism to support tumor growth in gliomas. However, the role of IDO1 and IDO2 in this mechanism is still unknown. Herein, by using clinical samples, we found that the expression and activity of IDO1 and/or TDO (IDO1/TDO) rather than IDO2 were positively correlated with the pathologic grades of gliomas. The expression of IDO1/TDO rather than IDO2 was positively correlated with the Ki67 index and overall survival. The expression of IDO1/TDO was positively correlated with the expression of aquaporin 4 (AQP4), implying the potential involvement of IDO1/TDO in glioma cell motility. Mechanistically, we found that IDO1/TDO accounted for the release of Kyn, which activated AhR to promote cell motility via the Kyn-AhR-AQP4 signaling pathway in U87MG glioma cells. RY103, an IDO1/TDO dual inhibitor, could block the IDO1/TDO-Kyn-AhR-AQP4 signaling pathway and exert anti-glioma effects in GL261 orthotopic glioma mice. Together, our results showed that the IDO1/TDO-Kyn-AhR-AQP4 signaling pathway is a new mechanism underlying the malignancy of gliomas, and suggest that both IDO1 and TDO might be valuable therapeutic targets for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Du
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zikang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Bangbao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tianqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Dan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Weirui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuanting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chunxiang Kuang
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China. .,Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Handan Road 220, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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20
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Munson JM. Interstitial fluid flow under the microscope: is it a future drug target for high grade brain tumours such as glioblastoma? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:725-728. [PMID: 31340700 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1647167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Munson
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering & Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University , Blacksburg , VA , USA
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21
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Tan Y, Zhang H, Wang XC, Qin JB, Wang L. The value of multi ultra high-b-value DWI in grading cerebral astrocytomas and its association with aquaporin-4. Br J Radiol 2018; 91:20170696. [PMID: 29485906 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20170696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the value of multi-ultrahigh-b-value diffusion-weighted imaging (UHBV-DWI) in differentiating high-grade astrocytomas (HGAs) from low-grade astrocytomas (LGAs), analyze its association with aquaporin (AQP) expression. METHODS 40 astrocytomas divided into LGAs (N = 15) and HGAs (N = 25) were studied. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and UHBV-ADC values in solid parts and peritumoral edema were compared between LGAs and HGAs groups by the t-test. Using receiver operating characteristic curves to identify the better parameter. Using real time polymerase chain reaction to assess AQP messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). Using spearman correlation analysis to assess the correlation of AQP mRNA with each parameter. RESULTS ADC values in solid parts of HGAs were significantly lower than LGAs (p = 0.02), while UHBV-ADC values of HGAs were significantly higher than LGAs (p < 0.01). Area under the curve (AUC) of UHBV-ADC (0.810) was larger than ADC (0.713), and the area under the curve of UHBV-ADC was significantly higher than that of ADC (p = 0.041). AQP4 mRNA was significantly higher in HGAs than that in LGAs (p < 0.01); there was less AQP9 mRNA and no AQP1 mRNA in LGAs and HGAs groups (p > 0.05); ADC value showed a negative correlation with AQP4 mRNA (r = -0.357; p = 0.024). UHBV-ADC value positively correlated with the AQP4 mRNA (r = 0.646; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION UHBV-DWI allowed for a more accurate grading of cerebral astrocytoma than DWI, and UHBV-ADC value may be related with the AQP4 mRNA levels. UHBV-DWI could be of value in the assessment of astrocytoma. Advances in knowledge: UHBV-DWI generated by multi UHBV could have particular value for astrocytoma grading, and the level of AQP4 mRNA might be potentially linked to the change of UHBV-DWI parameter, and we might find the exact reason for the difference of UHBV-ADC between the LGAs and HGAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tan
- 1 Department of Radiology, First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, Shanxi , China
| | - Hui Zhang
- 1 Department of Radiology, First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, Shanxi , China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wang
- 1 Department of Radiology, First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, Shanxi , China
| | - Jiang-Bo Qin
- 1 Department of Radiology, First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, Shanxi , China
| | - Le Wang
- 1 Department of Radiology, First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, Shanxi , China
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22
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Lan YL, Wang X, Lou JC, Ma XC, Zhang B. The potential roles of aquaporin 4 in malignant gliomas. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32345-32355. [PMID: 28423683 PMCID: PMC5458289 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is the major water channel expressed in the central nervous system and is primarily expressed in astrocytes. Recently, accumulated evidence has pointed to AQP4 as a key molecule that could play a critical role in glioma development. Discoveries of the role of AQP4 in cell migration suggest that AQP4 could be a significant factor regarding glioma malignancies. However, the AQP4 expression levels in glioma have not been fully elucidated; furthermore, the correlation of AQP4 expression with glioma malignancy remains controversial. Here, we review the expression pattern and predictive significance of AQP4 in malignant glioma. The molecular mechanism of AQP4 as it pertains to the migration and invasion of human glioma cells has been summarized. In addition, the important roles of AQP4 in combating drug resistance as well as potential pharmacological blockers of AQP4 have been systematically discussed. More research should be conducted to elucidate the potential roles of AQP4 in malignant glioma for identifying the tumor type, progression stages and optimal treatment strategies. The observed experimental results strongly emphasize the importance of this topic for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Non-Directly Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Non-Directly Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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23
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Chen Y, Gao F, Jiang R, Liu H, Hou J, Yi Y, Kang L, Liu X, Li Y, Yang M. Down‐Regulation of AQP4 Expression via p38 MAPK Signaling in Temozolomide‐Induced Glioma Cells Growth Inhibition and Invasion Impairment. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4905-4913. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Chen
- Institute of NeuroscienceDepartment of AnatomyCollege of Basic MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016P.R. China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016P.R. China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Tissue and EmbryologyChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Institute of NeuroscienceDepartment of AnatomyCollege of Basic MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016P.R. China
| | - Jiaojiao Hou
- Institute of NeuroscienceDepartment of AnatomyCollege of Basic MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016P.R. China
| | - Yaoxing Yi
- Institute of NeuroscienceDepartment of AnatomyCollege of Basic MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016P.R. China
| | - Lili Kang
- Institute of NeuroscienceDepartment of AnatomyCollege of Basic MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016P.R. China
| | - Xueyuan Liu
- Institute of NeuroscienceDepartment of AnatomyCollege of Basic MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016P.R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of NeuroscienceDepartment of AnatomyCollege of Basic MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016P.R. China
| | - Mei Yang
- Institute of NeuroscienceDepartment of AnatomyCollege of Basic MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016P.R. China
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24
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Qi XT, Zhan JS, Xiao LM, Li L, Xu HX, Fu ZB, Zhang YH, Zhang J, Jia XH, Ge G, Chai RC, Gao K, Yu ACH. The Unwanted Cell Migration in the Brain: Glioma Metastasis. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1847-1863. [PMID: 28478595 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is identified as a highly orchestrated process. It is a fundamental and essential phenomenon underlying tissue morphogenesis, wound healing, and immune response. Under dysregulation, it contributes to cancer metastasis. Brain is considered to be the most complex organ in human body containing many types of neural cells with astrocytes playing crucial roles in monitoring both physiological and pathological functions. Astrocytoma originates from astrocytes and its most malignant type is glioblastoma multiforme (WHO Grade IV astrocytoma), which is capable to infiltrate widely into the neighboring brain tissues making a complete resection of tumors impossible. Very recently, we have reviewed the mechanisms for astrocytes in migration. Given the fact that astrocytoma shares many histological features with astrocytes, we therefore attempt to review the mechanisms for glioma cells in migration and compare them to normal astrocytes, hoping to obtain a better insight into the dysregulation of migratory mechanisms contributing to their metastasis in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tao Qi
- Laboratory for Functional Study of Astrocytes, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jiang Shan Zhan
- Laboratory for Functional Study of Astrocytes, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Li Ming Xiao
- Laboratory for Functional Study of Astrocytes, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lina Li
- Laboratory for Functional Study of Astrocytes, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
- National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Hai Kang Life (Beijing) Corporation Ltd., Sino-I Campus No.1, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, 100176, China.
- Hai Kang Life Corporation Ltd., Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Han Xiao Xu
- Laboratory for Functional Study of Astrocytes, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New Area, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Zi Bing Fu
- Laboratory for Functional Study of Astrocytes, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yan Hao Zhang
- Laboratory for Functional Study of Astrocytes, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Center and Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Xi Hua Jia
- Laboratory for Functional Study of Astrocytes, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Hai Kang Life (Beijing) Corporation Ltd., Sino-I Campus No.1, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, 100176, China
- Hai Kang Life Corporation Ltd., Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guo Ge
- Laboratory for Functional Study of Astrocytes, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New Area, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Rui Chao Chai
- Laboratory for Functional Study of Astrocytes, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Hai Kang Life (Beijing) Corporation Ltd., Sino-I Campus No.1, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, 100176, China
- Hai Kang Life Corporation Ltd., Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Laboratory for Functional Study of Astrocytes, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Albert Cheung Hoi Yu
- Laboratory for Functional Study of Astrocytes, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
- National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Hai Kang Life (Beijing) Corporation Ltd., Sino-I Campus No.1, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, 100176, China.
- Hai Kang Life Corporation Ltd., Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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25
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Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs ) mediate water flux between the four distinct water compartments in the central nervous system (CNS). In the present chapter, we mainly focus on the expression and function of the 9 AQPs expressed in the CNS, which include five members of aquaporin subfamily: AQP1, AQP4, AQP5, AQP6, and AQP8; three members of aquaglyceroporin subfamily: AQP3, AQP7, and AQP9; and one member of superaquaporin subfamily: AQP11. In addition, AQP1, AQP2 and AQP4 expressed in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are also reviewed. AQP4, the predominant water channel in the CNS, is involved both in the astrocyte swelling of cytotoxic edema and the resolution of vasogenic edema, and is of pivotal importance in the pathology of brain disorders such as neuromyelitis optica , brain tumors and Alzheimer's disease. Other AQPs are also involved in a variety of important physiological and pathological process in the brain. It has been suggested that AQPs could represent an important target in treatment of brain disorders like cerebral edema. Future investigations are necessary to elucidate the pathological significance of AQPs in the CNS.
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26
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Maugeri R, Schiera G, Di Liegro CM, Fricano A, Iacopino DG, Di Liegro I. Aquaporins and Brain Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071029. [PMID: 27367682 PMCID: PMC4964405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain primary tumors are among the most diverse and complex human cancers, and they are normally classified on the basis of the cell-type and/or the grade of malignancy (the most malignant being glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), grade IV). Glioma cells are able to migrate throughout the brain and to stimulate angiogenesis, by inducing brain capillary endothelial cell proliferation. This in turn causes loss of tight junctions and fragility of the blood–brain barrier, which becomes leaky. As a consequence, the most serious clinical complication of glioblastoma is the vasogenic brain edema. Both glioma cell migration and edema have been correlated with modification of the expression/localization of different isoforms of aquaporins (AQPs), a family of water channels, some of which are also involved in the transport of other small molecules, such as glycerol and urea. In this review, we discuss relationships among expression/localization of AQPs and brain tumors/edema, also focusing on the possible role of these molecules as both diagnostic biomarkers of cancer progression, and therapeutic targets. Finally, we will discuss the possibility that AQPs, together with other cancer promoting factors, can be exchanged among brain cells via extracellular vesicles (EVs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Maugeri
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BIONEC), University of Palermo, Palermo I-90127, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Schiera
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo (UNIPA), Palermo I-90128, Italy.
| | - Carlo Maria Di Liegro
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo (UNIPA), Palermo I-90128, Italy.
| | - Anna Fricano
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BIONEC), University of Palermo, Palermo I-90127, Italy.
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo (UNIPA), Palermo I-90128, Italy.
| | - Domenico Gerardo Iacopino
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BIONEC), University of Palermo, Palermo I-90127, Italy.
| | - Italia Di Liegro
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BIONEC), University of Palermo, Palermo I-90127, Italy.
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27
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Wang J, Feng L, Zhu Z, Zheng M, Wang D, Chen Z, Sun H. Aquaporins as diagnostic and therapeutic targets in cancer: how far we are? J Transl Med 2015; 13:96. [PMID: 25886458 PMCID: PMC4382841 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of water channel proteins distributed in various human tissues, responsible for the transport of small solutes such as glycerol, even gas and ions. The expression of AQPs has been found in more than 20 human cancer types and is significantly correlated with the severity of histological tumors and prognosis of patients with cancer. More recent evidence showed that AQPs could also play a role in tumor-associated edema, tumor cell proliferation and migration, and tumor angiogenesis in solid and hematological tumors. Inhibitors of AQPs in tumor cells and microvessels have been suggested as new therapeutic strategies. The present review overviews AQPs structures, expression variation among normal tissues and tumors, AQPs functions and roles in the development of cancer with special focuses on lung, colorectal, liver, brain and breast cancers, and potential AQPs-target inhibitors. We call the special attention to consider AQPs important as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers. It may be a novel anticancer therapy by the AQPs inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Feng
- Minghang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhitu Zhu
- The First Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jingzhou, China.
| | - Minghuan Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Diane Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongzhi Sun
- The First Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jingzhou, China.
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28
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Munson J, Bonner M, Fried L, Hofmekler J, Arbiser J, Bellamkonda R. Identifying new small molecule anti-invasive compounds for glioma treatment. Cell Cycle 2014; 12:2200-9. [PMID: 24067366 DOI: 10.4161/cc.25334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a disease with poor survival rates after diagnosis. Treatment of the disease involves debulking of the tumor, which is limited by the degree of invasiveness of the disease. Therefore, a treatment to halt the invasion of glioma is desirable for clinical implementation. There have been several candidate compounds targeting specific aspects of invasion, including cell adhesions, matrix degradation, and cytoskeletal rearrangement, but they have failed clinically for a variety of reasons. New targets against glioma invasion include upstream mediators of these classical targets in an effort to better inhibit invasion with more specificity for cancer. Included in these treatments is a new class of compounds inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species by targeting the NADPH oxidases. These compounds stand to inhibit multiple pathways, including nuclear factor kappa B and Akt. By conducting a screen of compounds thought to inhibit these pathways, a new compound to halt invasion was found that may have a beneficial effect against glioma, based on recent publications. Further, there are still limitations to the treatment of glioblastoma regardless of the discovery of new targets and compounds that should be addressed to better the therapies against this deadly cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Munson
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta, GA, USA
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29
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Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of membrane water channels that basically function as regulators of intracellular and intercellular water flow. To date, thirteen aquaporins have been characterized. They are distributed wildly in specific cell types in multiple organs and tissues. Each AQP channel consists of six membrane-spanning alpha-helices that have a central water-transporting pore. Four AQP monomers assemble to form tetramers, which are the functional units in the membrane. Some of AQPs also transport urea, glycerol, ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, and gas molecules. AQP-mediated osmotic water transport across epithelial plasma membranes facilitates transcellular fluid transport and thus water reabsorption. AQP-mediated urea and glycerol transport is involved in energy metabolism and epidermal hydration. AQP-mediated CO2 and NH3 transport across membrane maintains intracellular acid-base homeostasis. AQPs are also involved in the pathophysiology of a wide range of human diseases (including water disbalance in kidney and brain, neuroinflammatory disease, obesity, and cancer). Further work is required to determine whether aquaporins are viable therapeutic targets or reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Sayegh ET, Kaur G, Bloch O, Parsa AT. Systematic review of protein biomarkers of invasive behavior in glioblastoma. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:1212-44. [PMID: 24271659 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and incurable brain tumor with a grave prognosis. Recurrence is inevitable even with maximal surgical resection, in large part because GBM is a highly invasive tumor. Invasiveness also contributes to the failure of multiple cornerstones of GBM therapy, including radiotherapy, temozolomide chemotherapy, and vascular endothelial growth factor blockade. In recent years there has been significant progress in the identification of protein biomarkers of invasive phenotype in GBM. In this article, we comprehensively review the literature and survey a broad spectrum of biomarkers, including proteolytic enzymes, extracellular matrix proteins, cell adhesion molecules, neurodevelopmental factors, cell signaling and transcription factors, angiogenic effectors, metabolic proteins, membrane channels, and cytokines and chemokines. In light of the marked variation seen in outcomes in GBM patients, the systematic use of these biomarkers could be used to form a framework for better prediction, prognostication, and treatment selection, as well as the identification of molecular targets for further laboratory investigation and development of nascent, directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli T Sayegh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St. Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611-2911, USA
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Effects of prednisolone on the dystrophin-associated proteins in the blood-brain barrier and skeletal muscle of dystrophic mdx mice. J Transl Med 2013; 93:592-610. [PMID: 23528847 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The mdx mouse, the most widely used animal model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), develops a seriously impaired blood-brain barrier (BBB). As glucocorticoids are used clinically to delay the progression of DMD, we evaluated the effects of chronic treatment with α-methyl-prednisolone (PDN) on the expression of structural proteins and markers in the brain and skeletal muscle of the mdx mouse. We analyzed the immunocytochemical and biochemical expression of four BBB markers, including endothelial ZO-1 and occludin, desmin in pericytes, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in glial cells, and the expression of the short dystrophin isoform Dp 71, the dystrophin-associated proteins (DAPs), and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and α-β dystroglycan (DG) in the brain. We evaluated the BBB integrity of mdx and PDN-treated mdx mice by means of intravascular injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The expression of DAPs was also assessed in gastrocnemius muscles and correlated with utrophin expression, and laminin content was measured in the muscle and brain. PDN treatment induced a significant increase in the mRNA and protein content of the BBB markers; a reduction in the phosphorylation of occludin in the brain and of AQP4/β DG in both tissues; an increase of Dp71 protein content; and an increase of both mRNA and protein levels of the AQP4/α-β DG complex. The latter was associated with enhanced laminin and utrophin in the muscle. The HRP assay demonstrated functional restoration of the BBB in the PDN-treated mdx mice. Specifically, mdx mice showed extensive perivascular labeling due to escape of the marker, while HRP was exclusively intravascular in the PDN-treated mice and the controls. These data illustrate for the first time that PDN reverses the BBB alterations in the mdx mouse and re-establishes the proper expression and phosphorylation of β-DG in both the BBB and skeletal muscle. Further, PDN partially protects against muscle damage. The reduction in AQP4 and occludin phosphorylation, coupled with their anchoring to glial and endothelial membranes in PDN-treated mice, suggests that the drug may target the glial and endothelial cells. Our results suggest a novel mechanism for PDN action on cerebral and muscular function, restoring the link between DAPs and the extracellular matrix, most likely through protein kinase inactivation.
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32
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Aquaporin3 is required for FGF-2-induced migration of human breast cancers. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56735. [PMID: 23468877 PMCID: PMC3585269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aquaporin (AQP) family consists of a number of small integral membrane proteins that transport water and glycerol. AQPs are critical for trans-epithelial fluid transport. Recent reports demonstrated that AQPs, particularly AQP1 and AQP5, are expressed in high grade tumor cells of a variety of tissue origins, and that AQPs are involved in cell migration and metastasis. Based on this background, we examined whether AQP3, another important member of the AQP family, could facilitate cell migration in human breast cancers. METHODS Potential role of AQP3 was examined using two representative breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and Bcap-37). Briefly, AQP3 expression was inhibited with a lentivirus construct that stably expressed shRNA against the AQP3 mRNA. AQP3 expression inhibition was verified with Western blot. Cell migration was examined using a wound scratch assay in the presence of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). In additional experiments, AQP3 was inhibited by CuSO4. Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) kinase inhibitor PD173074, PI3K inhibitor LY294002, and MEK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 were used to dissect the molecular mechanism of FGF-2 induced AQP3 expression. RESULTS FGF-2 treatment increased AQP3 expression and induced cell migration in a dose dependent manner. Silencing AQP3 expression by a lentiviral shRNA inhibited FGF-2 induced cell migration. CuSO4, a water transport inhibitor selective for AQP3, also suppressed FGF-2-induced cell migration. The FGFR kinase inhibitor PD173074, significantly inhibited FGF-2-induced AQP3 expression and cell migration. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and MEK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 inhibited, but not fully blocked, FGF-2-induced AQP3 expression and cell migration. CONCLUSIONS AQP3 is required for FGF-2-induced cell migration in cultured human breast cancer cells. Our findings also suggest the importance of FGFR-PI3K and FGFR-ERK signaling in FGF-2-induced AQP3 expression. In summary, our findings suggest a novel function of AQP3 in cell migration and metastasis of breast cancers.
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Schwab A, Fabian A, Hanley PJ, Stock C. Role of ion channels and transporters in cell migration. Physiol Rev 2013; 92:1865-913. [PMID: 23073633 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell motility is central to tissue homeostasis in health and disease, and there is hardly any cell in the body that is not motile at a given point in its life cycle. Important physiological processes intimately related to the ability of the respective cells to migrate include embryogenesis, immune defense, angiogenesis, and wound healing. On the other side, migration is associated with life-threatening pathologies such as tumor metastases and atherosclerosis. Research from the last ≈ 15 years revealed that ion channels and transporters are indispensable components of the cellular migration apparatus. After presenting general principles by which transport proteins affect cell migration, we will discuss systematically the role of channels and transporters involved in cell migration.
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Aquaporins in drug discovery and pharmacotherapy. Mol Aspects Med 2012; 33:691-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Brain water channel proteins in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2012; 33:562-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Yang L, Wang X, Zhen S, Zhang S, Kang D, Lin Z. Aquaporin-4 upregulated expression in glioma tissue is a reaction to glioma-associated edema induced by vascular endothelial growth factor. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:1633-8. [PMID: 22922737 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma-associated edema contributes significantly to morbidity and death in patients with glioma. It has been suggested that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) play important roles in glioma-associated edema. However, the effect of VEGF on AQP4 expression is not clear. In this study, AQP4 expression was assayed in cultured glioma cells that express different amounts of VEGF, and AQP4 expression, vessel permeability and water content were assayed in glioma xenografts that express different amounts of VEGF. No difference in AQP4 expression was found between glioma cells expressing different VEGF amounts in vitro. However, AQP4 expression was increased in glioma tissue with increased VEGF, vessel permeability and water content. In conclusion, VEGF does not directly affect AQP-4 expression. The redistribution of AQP4 in glioblastoma cells is a reaction to vasogenic edema induced by VEGF for the purpose of facilitating reabsorption of excess fluid. The pattern of AQP4 expression in glioma provides new insights into the molecular changes occurring in glioma-associated edema and may help plan future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, PR China
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Niu D, Kondo T, Nakazawa T, Kawasaki T, Yamane T, Mochizuki K, Kato Y, Matsuzaki T, Takata K, Katoh R. Differential expression of aquaporins and its diagnostic utility in thyroid cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40770. [PMID: 22808259 PMCID: PMC3393684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquaporin3 (AQP3) and Aquaporin4 (AQP4) play a major role in transcellular and transepithelial water movement as water channel membrane proteins. Little is known of their expression and significance in human thyroid tissues. Thus, we examined the expression of AQP3 and AQP4 in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic thyroid tissues in conjunction with human thyroid cancer cell lines. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated AQP3 in the cytoplasmic membrane of normal C cells, but not in follicular cells. In contrast, AQP4 was not found in C cells but was identified in normal follicular cells. AQP4 was positive in 92% of Graves' disease thyroids and 97% of multinodular goiters, and we failed to demonstrate AQP3 in these hyperplastic tissues. In neoplastic thyroid lesions, we observed AQP3 in 91% of medullary thyroid carcinomas but in no other follicular cell tumors. AQP4 was demonstrated in 100% of follicular adenomas, 90% of follicular carcinomas, and 85% of papillary carcinomas, while it was negative in all medullary carcinomas and undifferentiated carcinomas. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses revealed AQP3 mRNA expression only in medullary carcinomas and AQP4 mRNA expression in follicular cell-derived tumors except for undifferentiated carcinomas. In thyroid cancer cell lines, using RT-PCR and western blotting, AQP3 mRNA and protein were only identified in the TT cell line (human medullary carcinoma cell line) and AQP4 in the other cell lines. In addition, AQP3 mRNA expression was up-regulated by FBS and calcium administration in both a dose and time dependent manner in TT cells. CONCLUSION The differential expressions of AQP3 and AQP4 may reflect the biological nature and/or function of normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic thyroid cells and additionally may have value in determining differential diagnoses of thyroid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Niu
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Yamanashi Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kondo
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Yamanashi Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tadao Nakazawa
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Yamanashi Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kawasaki
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Yamanashi Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tetsu Yamane
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Yamanashi Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kunio Mochizuki
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Yamanashi Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yohichiro Kato
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Matsuzaki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Takata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ryohei Katoh
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Yamanashi Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Yamanashi, Japan
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Jiang XX, Xu KH, Ma JY, Tian YH, Guo XY, Lin J, Wu RJ. Reduced migration of Ishikawa cells associated with downregulation of aquaporin-5. Oncol Lett 2012; 4:257-261. [PMID: 22844365 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin (AQP)-dependent cell migration has broad implications in angiogenesis, tumor metastasis, wound healing, glial scarring and other events requiring cell movement. There are 13 isoforms of AQP (0-12) that have been identified in mammals. It is unclear whether AQP5 plays a role in the development of endometrial cancer. We recently demonstrated that ovarian steroids may affect the expression of AQP5 in the female genital tract. In this study, we considered whether AQP5 may affect cell migration in Ishikawa cells, an adenocarcinoma cell line derived from the endometrium. The results showed that the downregulation of AQP5 results in reduced Ishikawa cell migration. The estrogen (E2) receptor in the promoter of AQP5 mediated the regulation of AQP5 expression in the normal endometrium and endometrial cancer. By contrast, the upregulation of AQP5 by E2 increased cell migration, invasion and adhesion through increased annexin-2, which is responsible for F-actin remodeling and rearrangement. E2 regulates Ishikawa cell migration by regulating the AQP5 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Xiu Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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Gupta AB, Verma RK, Agarwal V, Vajpai M, Bansal V, Sankararamakrishnan R. MIPModDB: a central resource for the superfamily of major intrinsic proteins. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:D362-9. [PMID: 22080560 PMCID: PMC3245135 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The channel proteins belonging to the major intrinsic proteins (MIP) superfamily are diverse and are found in all forms of life. Water-transporting aquaporin and glycerol-specific aquaglyceroporin are the prototype members of the MIP superfamily. MIPs have also been shown to transport other neutral molecules and gases across the membrane. They have internal homology and possess conserved sequence motifs. By analyzing a large number of publicly available genome sequences, we have identified more than 1000 MIPs from diverse organisms. We have developed a database MIPModDB which will be a unified resource for all MIPs. For each MIP entry, this database contains information about the source, gene structure, sequence features, substitutions in the conserved NPA motifs, structural model, the residues forming the selectivity filter and channel radius profile. For selected set of MIPs, it is possible to derive structure-based sequence alignment and evolutionary relationship. Sequences and structures of selected MIPs can be downloaded from MIPModDB database which is freely available at http://bioinfo.iitk.ac.in/MIPModDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Bansal Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016 and Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Verma
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016 and Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Vatsal Agarwal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016 and Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Manu Vajpai
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016 and Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Vivek Bansal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016 and Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Ramasubbu Sankararamakrishnan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016 and Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
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Nico B, Annese T, Tamma R, Longo V, Ruggieri S, Senetta R, Cassoni P, Specchia G, Vacca A, Ribatti D. Aquaporin-4 expression in primary human central nervous system lymphomas correlates with tumour cell proliferation and phenotypic heterogeneity of the vessel wall. Eur J Cancer 2011; 48:772-81. [PMID: 22100902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
No literature data are available concerning the expression of aquaporin-4 in primary central nervous system lymphomas and the relationship between aquaporin-4 expression and the morphological characteristics of blood vessels. Here, we have investigated this relationship in 24 human diffuse large B-cell primary central nervous system lymphomas by means of immunocytochemistry and confocal laser microscopy. Results have shown that: (i) a high aquaporin-4 expression correlated with a high Ki-67 index and aquaporin-4 marked tumour and endothelial cells in cytoplasm and plasma membranes, while aquaporin-4 expression was low in tumour areas with a low Ki-67 index where few tumour cells were positive to aquaporin-4, and endothelial cells showed aquaporin-4 expression on their abluminal side. (ii) Different type of cells participated in vessels formation: CD20(+) tumour cells and factor VIII(+) endothelial cells; aquaporin-4(+) tumour cells and CD31(+) endothelial cells; CD20(+) and aquaporin-4(+) tumour cells; glial fibrillary acidid protein(+) endothelial cells surrounded by glial fibrillary acidic protein(+) tumour cells. Overall, these data suggest the importance of aquaporin-4 in primary central nervous system lymphomas due to its involvement in cerebral oedema formation and resolution and tumour cell migratory activity, and have documented that tumour microvasculature in lymphomas is extremely heterogeneous, confirming the importance of neoangiogenesis in the pathogenesis of lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Nico
- Department Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
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