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Alabssi H, Almulhim NF, Al-Omari M, Safar AH. Anti-NMDA Autoimmune Encephalitis Post-COVID-19 Vaccination in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report. Neuropediatrics 2024; 55:124-128. [PMID: 37973159 DOI: 10.1055/a-2212-6936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination encephalitis is rarely reported particularly in the pediatric population. Herein, we report the first case of postvaccination anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) encephalitis in close temporal association with receiving COVID-19 vaccine in a pediatric patient. The patient is a 13-year-old female who received the first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine and presented with subacute neurological and psychiatric symptoms and eventually confirmed the diagnosis of anti-NMDA autoimmune encephalitis. The patient recovered after receiving intravenous immunoglobulins and steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haila Alabssi
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf F Almulhim
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Omari
- Department of Pediatrics, King Fahd Hospital of the University, AlKhobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern province Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayat H Safar
- Department of Pediatrics, King Fahd Hospital of the University, AlKhobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern province Saudi Arabia
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Liu L, Zhou C, Jiang H, Wei H, Zhou Y, Zhou C, Ji X. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of Coronavirus disease 2019-associated stroke. Front Med 2023; 17:1047-1067. [PMID: 38165535 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has triggered a huge impact on healthcare, socioeconomics, and other aspects of the world over the past three years. An increasing number of studies have identified a complex relationship between COVID-19 and stroke, although active measures are being implemented to prevent disease transmission. Severe COVID-19 may be associated with an increased risk of stroke and increase the rates of disability and mortality, posing a serious challenge to acute stroke diagnosis, treatment, and care. This review aims to provide an update on the influence of COVID-19 itself or vaccines on stroke, including arterial stroke (ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke) and venous stroke (cerebral venous thrombosis). Additionally, the neurovascular mechanisms involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection and the clinical characteristics of stroke in the COVID-19 setting are presented. Evidence on vaccinations, potential therapeutic approaches, and effective strategies for stroke management has been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100032, China
- Neurology and Intracranial Hypertension and Cerebral Venous Disease Center, National Health Commission of China, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Chenxia Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100032, China
- Neurology and Intracranial Hypertension and Cerebral Venous Disease Center, National Health Commission of China, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Huimin Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Huimin Wei
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - Xunming Ji
- Neurology and Intracranial Hypertension and Cerebral Venous Disease Center, National Health Commission of China, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100032, China.
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100032, China.
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Himeno Y, Tateishi T, Irie KI, Ueno S, Morimitsu M, Mizoguchi S, Koga T, Taniwaki T. Association of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-associated Disease with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination and Infection: A Case Report of Cortical Encephalitis and Transverse Myelitis Relapse. Intern Med 2023; 62:3549-3554. [PMID: 37743511 PMCID: PMC10749814 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2471-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We herein report a case of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) that occurred following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and its subsequent relapse after COVID-19 infection. A 34-year-old woman developed cortical encephalitis in the right temporoparietal lobe one week after receiving the mRNA-1273 vaccine. The cerebrospinal fluid was positive for anti-MOG antibody. Her symptoms gradually improved after three courses of intravenous methylprednisolone therapy. Six months later, she experienced a relapse of transverse myelitis following COVID-19 infection. Despite treatment with plasma exchange, the patient remained paralyzed in both lower limbs. We herein review the relationship between MOGAD and COVID-19 vaccination/infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Himeno
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takahisa Tateishi
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Irie
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ueno
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Makoto Morimitsu
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shino Mizoguchi
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tamon Koga
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takayuki Taniwaki
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
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